CN116175188A

CN116175188A - Five-axis material increasing and decreasing processing equipment and control method thereof

Info

Publication number: CN116175188A
Application number: CN202310163287.9A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 曾伟强; 周振财; 李碧良; 冯宁; 赵飞麒; 王正宁; 梁思琪; 曾国权
Original assignee: Guangdong Kejie Technology Co Ltd
Current assignee: Guangdong Kejie Technology Co Ltd
Priority date: 2023-02-22
Filing date: 2023-02-22
Publication date: 2023-05-30
Anticipated expiration: 2043-02-22
Also published as: CN116175188B; CN117399646A; CN117399646B

Abstract

The invention relates to five-axis material increasing and decreasing processing equipment and a control method thereof, wherein the five-axis material increasing and decreasing processing equipment comprises a five-axis material increasing and decreasing processing machine and a laser head protection device, the five-axis material increasing and decreasing processing machine comprises a three-dimensional printing shaft, a main shaft and a rotary table, the three-dimensional printing shaft is provided with a laser head, the laser head protection device comprises a mounting block and a protection cover for covering the laser head, the protection cover is connected to the mounting block in a matched manner through a clamping groove and a clamping convex edge, the protection cover can be connected with or separated from the mounting block, and a magnet for connecting the three-dimensional printing shaft is arranged on the upper plane of the protection cover. The method comprises the following steps: the parts are subjected to additive machining and subtractive machining, the protective cover is separated from the laser head before the additive machining, and the protective cover is covered on the laser head before the subtractive machining. According to the invention, through continuous switching processing of additive processing and subtractive processing, and the laser head protection device convenient to detach and install, the difficult problem of processing parts with complex shapes such as special-shaped metal parts is solved, and the processing precision and the processing efficiency are improved.

Description

Five-axis material increasing and decreasing processing equipment and control method thereof

Technical Field

The invention relates to five-axis material increasing and decreasing processing equipment and a control method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of automatic processing.

Background

Industrial manufacturing is a mainstay of one country, and can directly bring up the productivity level of one country. Along with the high-speed development of the process technology, the application requirements of integration, high performance and high reliability become an important development direction of the manufacturing industry, the requirement of equipment integration is higher and higher, the structure of key parts is also more and more complex, and the high-performance and difficult-to-process metal integrated key part manufacturing technology is considered as a foundation and core technology of advanced industrial high-end equipment manufacturing industries such as aviation, nuclear power, petrochemical industry, ships and the like.

For industrial manufacturing, the processing process is the process of converting raw materials into final industrial products, and is classified from the manufacturing process, and the processes can be classified into 'equal material manufacturing', 'material reduction manufacturing' and 'material increase manufacturing', wherein equal material manufacturing represented by die injection molding and casting processing has long development and abundant experience, while material reduction manufacturing represented by machining as a core and material increase manufacturing represented by three-dimensional printing have short history, and part forming problems to be optimized are included. Meanwhile, most of traditional manufacturing equipment adopts a forming method of a single manufacturing process, and the large-scale, integrated and high-performance metal parts are manufactured by adopting the single forming method, so that special large-scale casting and forging welding equipment and a special die are needed, and the problems of high manufacturing technology difficulty, long processing period, material utilization rate, unstable part performance and the like are more prominent.

In the high-end equipment manufacturing industry, for machining the inner side and the outer side of parts (such as special-shaped metal pipes) with complex shapes, the requirement of single additive machining or subtractive machining cannot be met, and material machining equipment is increased or decreased. However, the processing quality, processing speed and processing precision of the existing material increasing and decreasing processing equipment are to be improved, wherein the reasons include: some equipment needs to be replaced or complicated machining head position change is needed when the machining of the material increase and the material decrease is switched, and some parts of equipment are easy to interfere with each other in the machining process, such as the problems of collision of the machining head or pollution of the machining head, and the like.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides a five-axis material increasing and decreasing processing device and a control method thereof, which aim to at least solve one of the technical problems in the prior art. Therefore, the invention provides the five-axis material increasing and decreasing processing equipment and the control method thereof, which are beneficial to solving the processing difficulty of parts with complex shapes by continuously switching the material increasing processing and the material decreasing processing, and reduce the probability of being stained by the laser head by arranging the laser head protection device, thereby being beneficial to improving the processing precision.

The technical scheme of the invention relates to five-axis material increasing and decreasing processing equipment, which comprises the following steps:

the five-axis material increasing and decreasing processing machine comprises a three-dimensional printing shaft for material increasing processing, a main shaft for material decreasing processing and a rotary table for placing a workpiece, wherein the three-dimensional printing shaft is provided with a laser head;

the laser head protection device comprises a mounting block and a protective cover for covering the laser head; the mounting block is provided with a clamping convex edge and a clamping ring, the clamping convex edge is arranged on the inner wall of the clamping ring, and the clamping ring is provided with a cover inlet; the periphery of the protective cover is provided with a clamping groove;

the protective cover is connected to the mounting block in a matched mode through the clamping groove and the clamping convex edge, and is connected with or separated from the mounting block in a matched mode through the cover inlet and the three-dimensional printing shaft; the upper plane of the protective cover is provided with a magnet used for being connected with the three-dimensional printing shaft.

Further, the mounting block includes a ball plunger; the ball plunger protrudes out of the inner wall of the mounting block to be abutted with the protective cover.

Further, the laser head protection device further comprises a protecting cover, the protecting cover comprises a box body and a fixing plate, the box body is provided with an extension port, and the fixing plate is arranged in the box body; the mounting block is movably arranged on the fixing plate so as to enable the protective cover to extend out of or retract into the box body through the extending opening.

Further, the five-axis material increasing and decreasing processing machine comprises a base and a portal frame, wherein the portal frame is arranged on the base, the three-dimensional printing shaft and the main shaft are movably arranged on a cross beam on the portal frame, and the turntable is movably arranged on the base and between two upright posts of the portal frame.

Furthermore, the three-dimensional printing shaft and the main shaft are synchronously and horizontally movably arranged on the portal frame through the translation sliding table.

Further, the three-dimensional printing shaft and the main shaft are respectively arranged on the translation sliding table through two lifting sliding tables, wherein the two lifting sliding tables can move independently.

Another aspect of the present invention relates to a five-axis log reduction processing apparatus, which is applied to the five-axis log reduction processing apparatus of the above embodiment, and the method according to the present invention includes the steps of:

s100, acquiring an additive processing instruction of a current part of a part; judging whether the current laser head is covered with a protective cover or not; if yes, moving the three-dimensional printing shaft to enable the clamping convex edge to be embedded into the clamping groove, and then moving the three-dimensional printing shaft upwards to enable the protective cover to be separated from the laser head;

s200, enabling the laser head to finish additive processing of the current part of the part through movement of the three-dimensional printing shaft on an X axis and/or a Z axis, movement of the rotary table on a Y axis and rotation of the rotary table on an AB axis;

s300, obtaining a material reduction processing instruction of the current part of the part; judging whether the current laser head is covered with a protective cover or not; if not, moving the three-dimensional printing shaft to enable the laser head to reach the upper side of the protective cover, moving the three-dimensional printing shaft downwards to enable the protective cover to cover the laser head through the magnet, and then horizontally moving the three-dimensional printing shaft to enable the protective cover to be separated from the mounting block;

s400, moving the three-dimensional printing shaft in the X axis and/or the Z axis, moving the rotary table in the Y axis and rotating the rotary table in the AB two axes to enable the cutter of the main shaft to finish the material reduction processing of the current part of the part;

s500, repeating the steps S100 to S400 to perform additive processing and subtractive processing of the next part until the processing instruction of the whole part is completed.

Further, the step S200 includes the steps of:

synchronously horizontally moving the main shaft and the three-dimensional printing shaft so that the laser head reaches the upper part of the turntable; the tool of the spindle is retracted upward and the laser head is extended downward for additive machining.

Further, the step S400 includes the steps of:

synchronously and horizontally moving the main shaft and the three-dimensional printing shaft so that a cutter of the main shaft reaches the upper part of the rotary table; the cutter of the main shaft extends downwards, and the laser head extends upwards to perform material reduction processing.

Further, in the step S400, the tool of the spindle performs a subtractive machining on the inner side or the outer side of the current portion.

The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows.

According to the five-axis material increasing and decreasing processing equipment and the control method thereof, provided by the invention, the three-dimensional printing shaft, the main shaft and the rotary table are arranged, so that continuous switching between material increasing processing and material decreasing processing can be realized, and the problem of integrated processing of parts with complex shapes can be solved; the part integrated forming mode is adopted, so that repeated clamping and positioning of the part are avoided, the machining precision and the machining efficiency are improved, and the machining requirement of high-performance parts is met; the three-dimensional printing shaft and the main shaft can synchronously and horizontally move and can independently move up and down, and the laser head protection device is arranged, so that the mutual interference between additive processing and subtractive processing can be reduced, the processing mode switching rate can be improved, and the system control difficulty can be reduced. The laser head protection device is arranged to protect the laser head during material reduction processing, so that the laser head is prevented from being stained by cutting fluid, chips and the like, and the processing quality is improved; the laser head protection device adopts a magnetic attraction mode to realize quick detachment or cover the laser head, and simultaneously adopts a clamping convex edge and clamping groove matched mode to realize quick detachment or connection of the protective cover, thereby meeting the requirement of frequently switching the processing mode in the material increasing and decreasing processing process, being beneficial to ensuring the processing speed and improving the processing quality.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a first structural schematic diagram of a five-axis log reduction processing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a second structural schematic diagram of a five-axis log reduction processing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of a five-axis log reduction processing machine according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of a protective cover according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of a mounting block according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 6 is a schematic plan view of a laser head protection device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 7 is a schematic structural view of a laser head protection device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 8 is a control flow diagram of a method according to the invention.

Fig. 9 is a schematic structural view of an exemplary part according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 10 is a first schematic illustration of additive processing of an example part according to an embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 11 is a schematic illustration of subtractive processing of an exemplary part in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 12 is a second schematic illustration of additive processing of an example part according to an embodiment of the invention.

Reference numerals:

100 five-axis material increasing and decreasing processing machine; a 111 base; 112 portal frames; 130 a workbench; 131 a turntable; 140 three-dimensional printing axes; 141 laser heads; 142 locating pins; 150 main shaft; 161 lifting slipway; 162 lifting the guide rail; 171 translating the slipway; 172 translation rails; 181 telescopic slipway; 182 telescoping rails;

200 laser head protection device; 210 a protective cover; 211 magnets; 212 clamping grooves; 213 concave position; 214 locating holes; 215 a first cover; 216 a second cover; 220 mounting blocks; 221 clamping convex edges; 222 clamping ring; 223 bottom plate; 224 ball plunger; 225 positioning plates; 230 a protective cover; 231 boxes; 232 a fixed plate; 233 closing plates; 240 telescoping drive; 250 proximity switch; 251 switch bracket;

300 special-shaped metal pieces; 310 a first workpiece body; 320 a second workpiece body; 330 a third workpiece body; 340.

Detailed Description

The conception, specific structure, and technical effects produced by the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments and the drawings to fully understand the objects, aspects, and effects of the present invention. It should be noted that, in the case of no conflict, the embodiments and features in the embodiments may be combined with each other.

It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, when a feature is referred to as being "fixed" or "connected" to another feature, it may be directly or indirectly fixed or connected to the other feature. Further, the descriptions of the upper, lower, left, right, top, bottom, etc. used in the present invention are merely with respect to the mutual positional relationship of the respective constituent elements of the present invention in the drawings.

Furthermore, unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art. The terminology used in the description presented herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. The term "and/or" as used herein includes any combination of one or more of the associated listed items.

It should be understood that although the terms first, second, third, etc. may be used in this disclosure to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element of the same type from another. For example, a first element could also be termed a second element, and, similarly, a second element could also be termed a first element, without departing from the scope of the present disclosure.

Referring to fig. 1 to 9, the present invention provides a five-axis log increasing/decreasing processing apparatus, which includes a five-axis log increasing/decreasing processor 100 and a laser head protection device 200. The five-axis log reduction/reduction processor 100 is provided with a main shaft 150 and a three-dimensional printing shaft 140, the main shaft 150 being provided with a cutter for log reduction processing, the cutter being for log reduction processing of the inside/outside of the part. The three-dimensional printing shaft 140 is provided with a laser head 141 for additive processing, the laser head 141 being used for additive processing of the part. During additive processing, the main shaft 150 can independently retract upwards to reduce interference to the laser head 141, during subtractive processing, the laser head 141 can independently retract upwards to reduce interference to the processing of the main shaft 150, meanwhile, the laser head protection device 200 protects the laser head 141 to avoid cutting fluid, chips and the like from polluting the laser head 141, so that the additive processing and subtractive processing are integrated on a platform, and the five-axis linkage motion platform, the laser cladding process and the efficient milling process are combined, thereby being beneficial to solving the integral processing requirement of complex-shaped parts.

In an embodiment, referring to fig. 2 and 3, the five-axis material increasing/decreasing processing machine 100 adopts a gantry structure, the machine body includes a base 111 and a gantry 112, the gantry 112 is disposed on the base 111, the gantry 112 includes a beam and two columns, one ends of the two columns are respectively connected with two ends of the beam, thereby forming a U-shaped channel, and the other ends of the two columns are both connected with the base 111. The three-dimensional printing shaft 140 and the main shaft 150 are synchronously and horizontally movably arranged at the side of the beam of the portal frame 112, namely, the three-dimensional printing shaft 140 and the main shaft 150 can synchronously move in the X-axis direction. The three-dimensional printing shaft 140 and the main shaft 150 are independently and vertically movably arranged on the portal frame 112, that is, the three-dimensional printing shaft 140 and the main shaft 150 can independently move in the Z-axis direction. The turntable 131 is movably disposed on the base 111 between the two columns and below the cross beam, i.e., the turntable 131 is movable in the Y-axis direction. The table 130 is disposed on the turntable 131 and is rotatable with the turntable 131, so that the table 130 moves along the AB axis.

Specifically, when additive processing is required, the spindle 150 is lifted up and retracted, the three-dimensional printing shaft 140 moves up and down and cooperates with the translation of the three-dimensional printing shaft 140 on the gantry 112, the translation of the workbench 130 on the base 111 and the rotation of the turntable 131, and parts with different shapes are printed. When the material reduction processing is required, the three-dimensional printing shaft 140 is lifted and retracted, the main shaft 150 moves up and down and cooperates with the translation of the three-dimensional printing shaft 140 on the portal frame 112, the translation of the workbench 130 on the base 111 and the rotation of the turntable 131, and the material reduction processing such as cutting or engraving and milling is performed on the inner side/outer side of the printed part through a cutter arranged on the main shaft 150. According to the five-axis material increasing and decreasing processing machine 100 disclosed by the embodiment of the invention, through continuous switching processing of material increasing processing and material decreasing processing, internal processing and/or external processing are performed on irregularly-shaped parts formed by overlapping multiple layers of spaces, so that the processing requirement of integrated forming is met, and the problem of integrated processing of parts with complex shapes is solved.

It should be noted that, in some embodiments of the present invention, the three-dimensional printing shaft 140 is provided with a laser melting nozzle, and the metal powder is directly printed on the workbench 130 and formed into a certain shape by outputting the metal powder and under the action of laser, so that the product without the initial part can be produced. Further, the metal powder can be a single metal material or a mixture of two or more metal materials, so that the integral forming requirement of the part formed by superposition or mixing of multiple materials can be met.

It should be noted that, the five-axis material increasing and decreasing processing machine 100 of the embodiment of the invention not only can be applied to integrated forming processing of parts, but also can directly perform material decreasing processing or material increasing processing at unqualified positions of the parts for unqualified conditions such as excessive material increasing allowance or excessive material decreasing cutting in the processing process of the parts, so as to provide processing precision and processing qualification rate of the parts, avoid re-clamping and positioning, and be beneficial to improving processing efficiency.

In an application embodiment, referring to fig. 3, a translation guide rail 172 (i.e., a guide rail in the X-axis direction) is disposed on a beam of the gantry 112, two lifting guide rails 162 (i.e., guide rails in the Z-axis direction) are slidably disposed on the translation guide rail 172 through a translation slide table 171, one lifting guide rail 162 is provided with a spindle 150 to achieve lifting and lowering of the tool, and the other lifting guide rail 162 is provided with a three-dimensional printing shaft 140 to achieve lifting and lowering of the laser head 141, i.e., by providing two Z-axes, the spindle 150 is moved up and down through the cooperation of the lifting guide rail 162 and one of the lifting slide tables 161, and the three-dimensional printing shaft 140 is moved up and down through the cooperation of the lifting guide rail 162 and the other lifting slide table 161, so that separate lifting and lowering of the spindle 150 and the three-dimensional printing shaft 140 are achieved, and the probability of mutual interference is reduced. The telescopic rail 182 is provided on the base 111 and between the two columns of the gantry 112, the turntable 131 is provided on the telescopic rail 182 (i.e., the rail in the Y-axis direction) through the telescopic slide table 181, and the turntable 131 is slidably provided in the intermediate passage. The turntable 131 is rotatably disposed on the telescopic sliding table 181, and a workbench 130 for placing parts is disposed on the turntable 131.

In one embodiment, the base 111 is provided with a plurality of junk slots, and the telescopic rail 182 is disposed between two junk slots. Here, two telescopic guide rails 182 are provided, for example, the number of junk slots is three, one junk slot is disposed between two telescopic guide rails 182, and the other two junk slots are disposed on the other sides of the two telescopic guide rails 182, respectively.

In an embodiment, referring to fig. 1 and 3, a laser head protection device 200 is disposed on a side of the five-axis log splitter 100, the laser head protection device 200 includes a mounting block 220 and a protective cover 210, and the protective cover 210 is disposed on the mounting block 220. Referring to fig. 4 and 5, the outer circumference of the protective cover 210 is provided with a clamping groove 212, the mounting block 220 is provided with a clamping ring 222, the clamping ring 222 is provided with a cover inlet, and the inner wall of the clamping ring 222 is provided with a clamping convex edge 221. The two clamping convex edges 221 are respectively arranged on two opposite sides of the clamping ring 222 and on two sides of the cover inlet, and the two clamping convex edges 221 are symmetrically arranged. The clamping convex edge 221 and the clamping groove 212 are horizontally arranged, and the cover inlet faces the laser head 141. The protection cover 210 is provided with a containing cavity for containing the laser head 141 and with an upward opening cover opening, the periphery of the protection cover 210 is provided with a clamping groove 212 matched with the clamping convex edge 221, the protection cover 210 is clamped on the clamping ring 222 through the matching of the clamping convex edge 221 and the clamping groove 212, and the protection cover 210 realizes the clamping in or separating from the mounting block 220 through the cover inlet. The upper side of the protection cover 210 is provided with a magnet 211, specifically, the upper side of the protection cover 210 is provided with a mounting cavity in which the magnet 211 is fixed, and further, the upper plane of the magnet 211 is leveled with the upper plane of the protection cover 210. Further, in some embodiments of the present invention, the number of the magnets 211 is four, and the four magnets 211 are uniformly distributed on the upper plane of the protective cover 210.

Referring to fig. 1 and 6, after the three-dimensional printing shaft 140 completes the additive processing, the laser head 141 moves toward the direction of the mounting block 220, after the laser head 141 reaches the upper side of the protective cover 210, the laser head 141 descends and enters into the cavity of the protective cover 210 through the cover opening, the magnet 211 attracts the three-dimensional printing shaft 140, so that the protective cover 210 is connected to the three-dimensional printing shaft 140, and then the three-dimensional printing shaft 140 drives the protective cover 210 to horizontally move, so that the clamping convex edge 221 moves along the clamping groove 211, and the protective cover 210 is separated from the mounting block 220. After the protective cover 210 covers the laser head 141, the spindle 150 performs material reduction processing, so as to be beneficial to avoiding the laser head 141 from being polluted. When the material reduction processing is completed and the material addition processing is required, the three-dimensional printing shaft 140 drives the protective cover 210 to horizontally move, so that the protective cover 210 is clamped on the clamping ring 222, namely the clamping convex edge 221 is embedded in the clamping groove 212, then the laser head 141 moves upwards, and the protective cover 210 keeps the original height under the action of the clamping convex edge 221 and the clamping groove 212, so that the protective cover 210 is separated from the three-dimensional printing shaft 140, and the laser head 141 leaks outwards to perform the material addition processing. According to the laser head protection device 200 provided by the embodiment of the invention, the magnet 211 is matched with the mounting block 220, so that the protective cover 210 can be quickly mounted and dismounted on the three-dimensional printing shaft 140, and the requirement of frequent switching of the material increasing and decreasing processing procedures of the increasing and decreasing processing machine can be met.

In an application embodiment, referring to fig. 5, the inner wall of the mounting block 220 is provided with a ball plunger 224 abutting the protective cover 210, so as to position and apply a pre-tightening force to the protective cover 210. In some embodiments of the present invention, the number of ball plungers 224 is three, wherein one ball plunger 224 abuts against the lower side of the protection cover 210, and the other two ball plungers 224 symmetrically mount both sides of the inner wall of the block 220 to abut against both sides of the outer circumference of the protection cover 210.

Specifically, the lower side of the mounting block 220 is provided with a bottom plate 223, and the bottom plate 223 partially covers the opening of the lower side of the retaining ring 222. The bottom plate 223, the clamping ring 222 and the clamping convex edge 221 are respectively provided with a mounting channel for mounting the ball plunger 224, the periphery of the protective cover 210 is correspondingly provided with a concave position 213 matched with the top end of the ball plunger 224, and the upper end of the ball plunger 224 is leaked outside the inner ring of the clamping ring 222 so as to be embedded into the concave position 213 and abutted with the periphery of the protective cover 210, so that pretightening force is applied to the protective cover 210 and positioning is carried out. Referring to fig. 3, the upper end of the ball plunger 224 in the bottom plate 223 leaks out of the lower side of the inner ring of the retaining ring 222, so as to be embedded into the recess 213 of the lower side of the protective cover 210 to abut against the lower side of the protective cover 210. Meanwhile, the installation channel of the clamping ring 222 is connected with the installation channel of the clamping convex edge 221, one ball plunger 224 is simultaneously penetrated on the clamping ring 222 and the clamping convex edge 221 on the same side, the two ball plungers 224 are symmetrically arranged, and the two ball plungers 224 are respectively embedded into the concave positions 213 on two sides of the protective cover 210 and are abutted with two sides of the periphery of the protective cover 210. It should be noted that, the concave portion 213 is shaped like an invaginated cone, and the tip of the concave portion 213 is oriented horizontally/vertically to match the shape of the tip of the ball plunger 224.

In an application embodiment, referring to fig. 4, the protective cover 210 includes a first cover 215 and a second cover 216 sequentially disposed from top to bottom, the first cover 215 is of a ring-like structure, the second cover 216 is of a hollow column-like structure, and a column opening of the second cover 216 is communicated with an inner ring of the first cover 215, so as to form a cavity for accommodating the laser head 141. Further, the diameter of the upper inner wall of the second cover 216 is the same as the diameter of the inner ring of the first cover 215, and the inner wall of the second cover 216 extends from top to bottom in a direction approaching the center of the protective cover 210. The outer diameter of the cylinder of the second cover body 216 is smaller than or equal to the inner diameter of the clamping ring 222, and the outer diameter of the ring body of the first cover body 215 is larger than the inner diameter of the clamping ring 222, so that the protective cover 210 can be embedded into the inner ring of the clamping ring 222, and the cover opening is upwards clamped on the mounting block 220. Further, the lower side of the first cover 215 is a slope, and the slope is inclined toward the center of the protective cover 210 from top to bottom.

In an application embodiment, referring to fig. 1, the lower side of the three-dimensional printing shaft 140 is provided with a positioning pin 142, and the upper plane of the protective cover 210 is provided with a positioning hole 214 matching with the positioning pin 142, so as to facilitate positioning of the protective cover 210 during the capping process. Further, a cooling plate is connected to the lower plane of the three-dimensional printing shaft 140, a perforation is provided in the middle of the cooling plate, the laser head 141 protrudes out of the cooling plate through the perforation, and a positioning pin 142 is provided on the lower plane of the cooling plate. After the three-dimensional printing shaft 140 reaches the top of the protective cover 210, the three-dimensional printing shaft 140 drives the cooling plate and the laser head 141 to descend, and the positioning pins 142 enter the positioning holes 214 to position the connection position of the protective cover 210 and the cooling plate. Further, in some embodiments of the present invention, the number of the positioning pins 142 and the positioning holes 214 is two, the two positioning pins 142 are symmetrically disposed on the cooling plate, and the two positioning holes 214 are symmetrically disposed on the protective cover 210.

In one embodiment, referring to fig. 1 and 6, the laser head protection device 200 is provided with a protective cover 230, where the protective cover 230 includes a case 231 and a sealing plate 233, and one side wall of the case 231 is provided with an extension opening, and the sealing plate 233 can cover the extension opening in an openable and closable manner. The case 231 is provided therein with a fixing plate 232, and the mounting block 220 is movably disposed on the fixing plate 232 by being engaged with the cover rail through the cover slider, so that the protection cover 210 is protruded or retracted into the case 231. A closing plate 233 is coupled to a side of the mounting block 220 and is movable with the mounting block 220 to be coupled to/uncoupled from the housing 231 to cover/uncover the outlet. Referring to fig. 3, the fixing plate 232 has an L-shaped structure, a vertical plate of the fixing plate 232 is connected with an inner wall of one side of the box 231 away from the outlet, the cover slider is disposed on a transverse plate of the fixing plate 232, and the cover slide rail is movably disposed on the cover slider. The mounting block 220 is disposed on the cover sliding rail, and the sealing plate 233 is connected to a side of the mounting block 220 facing the outlet.

In one application embodiment, referring to fig. 7, the laser guard includes a telescoping driver 240, by which the mounting block 220 is extended or retracted into the housing 231. It should be noted that, the telescopic actuator 240 according to the embodiment of the present invention may use a telescopic cylinder, a telescopic motor, etc., and is illustrated herein by a telescopic cylinder, referring to fig. 3, the telescopic cylinder is horizontally disposed, the telescopic cylinder is directly connected to the fixing plate 232 through the mounting plate, and the telescopic shaft of the telescopic cylinder is connected to the mounting block 220 through the cylinder guide plate. Further, the cylinder deflector is L-shaped, and the diaphragm of cylinder deflector is connected with the bottom surface of installation piece 220, and the riser of cylinder deflector is connected with the telescopic shaft of telescopic cylinder.

In an application embodiment, referring to fig. 7, the laser head protection device 200 is provided with a proximity switch 250 for detecting the moving position of the mounting block 220, and the proximity switch 250 is disposed on the transverse plate of the fixing plate 232 through a switch bracket 251. The telescopic cylinder stops pushing the mounting block 220 to move according to the trigger signal of the proximity switch 250. Further, the number of the proximity switches 250 is two, one of which is disposed on a side of the fixing plate 232 far from the outlet for detecting a position of the mounting block 220 when it is retracted into the case 231, and the other proximity switch 250 is disposed on a side of the fixing plate 232 near the outlet for detecting a position of the mounting block 220 when it is extended out of the case 231.

In an application embodiment, referring to fig. 7, the mounting block 220 is provided with a positioning plate 225 for triggering the proximity switch 250, and the positioning plate 225 is provided with a side of the mounting block 220 facing away from the outlet. The locating plate 225 comprises an L-shaped connecting plate and a square trigger plate, wherein a transverse plate of the L-shaped connecting plate is connected with the side face of the mounting block 220, the lower end of a vertical plate of the L-shaped connecting plate is connected with the side end of the square trigger plate, and the square trigger plate is horizontally arranged and arranged on one side of the L-shaped connecting plate, which is away from the extension opening. When the square trigger plate reaches above the proximity switch 250, signal feedback from the proximity switch 250 is triggered.

In an application embodiment, referring to fig. 6, the opening of the extension port is directed toward the three-dimensional printing shaft 140 and is disposed in the moving direction of the three-dimensional printing shaft 140. When the three-dimensional printing shaft 140 performs additive printing, the protective cover 210 is retracted into the box 231, and the sealing plate 233 covers the extending opening. When the three-dimensional printing shaft 140 finishes the current additive printing, the telescopic cylinder pushes the mounting block 220 to move towards the extending opening direction, the sealing plate 233 is separated from the box 231 under the driving of the mounting block 220, the protective cover 210 extends out of the protective cover 230, and when the positioning plate 225 triggers the proximity switch 250, the telescopic driver 240 stops working, and the mounting block 220 stops moving outwards. After the three-dimensional printing shaft 140 moves the laser head 141 to above the protective cover 210, the protective cover 210 is moved downward, so that the protective cover 210 attracts the cooling plate and covers the laser head 141, and then the three-dimensional printing shaft 140 translates in a direction away from the inlet of the cover, so that the protective cover 210 is separated from the mounting block 220. After the protective cover 210 is covered on the laser head 141, the spindle 150 performs the material reduction process.

When the material reduction processing is completed and the material addition processing is required, the three-dimensional printing shaft 140 moves towards the direction of the inlet of the cover, so that the clamping convex edge 221 is embedded into the clamping groove 212, after the clamping convex edge enters a certain position, the ball plunger 224 enters the concave position 213 of the protective cover 210, the ball plunger 224 is abutted with the protective cover 210, the three-dimensional printing shaft 140 drives the laser head 141 to move upwards, and therefore the protective cover 210 is separated from the laser head 141, and the laser head 141 leaks outwards to perform the material addition processing. The telescopic driver 240 drives the mounting block 220 to retract into the box 231, and after the positioning plate 225 triggers the proximity switch 250, the telescopic driver 240 stops working, so that the mounting block 220 stops moving, the protective cover 210 is positioned in the box 231, and the sealing plate 233 covers the extending opening.

In an application embodiment, the orientation of the protrusions is perpendicular to the direction of movement of the three-dimensional printing shaft 140, and the mounting block 220 is disposed on the front side or the rear side of the three-dimensional printing shaft 140, instead of being disposed in the direction of movement of the three-dimensional printing shaft 140. When the material is required to be reduced, the mounting block 220 drives the protective cover 210 to extend out of the box 231, and when the magnet 211 is adsorbed on the three-dimensional printing shaft 140, the mounting block 220 is retracted into the box 231, and the protective cover 210 is covered on the laser head 141 under the action of the magnet 211. When the material is required to be added, the mounting block 220 extends out of the box 231, the three-dimensional printing shaft 140 drives the protective cover 210 to move, so that after the clamping convex edge 221 is embedded into the clamping groove 212, the three-dimensional printing shaft 140 drives the laser head 141 to move upwards, and the protective cover 210 is fixed on the mounting block 220, so that the protective cover 210 is separated from the three-dimensional printing shaft 140, the laser head 141 leaks out, and the mounting block 220 drives the protective cover 210 to retract into the box 231.

Referring to fig. 1 and 8, in some embodiments, a control method of a five-axis log reduction processing apparatus according to the present invention is applied to the five-axis log reduction processing apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention, and includes at least the following steps:

s100, acquiring an additive processing instruction of a current part of a part; judging whether the current laser head 141 is covered with the protective cover 210; if yes, moving the three-dimensional printing shaft 140 to enable the clamping convex edge 221 to be embedded into the clamping groove 212, and then moving the three-dimensional printing shaft 140 upwards to enable the protective cover 210 to be separated from the laser head 141;

s200, through the movement of the three-dimensional printing shaft 140 in the X axis and/or the Z axis, the movement of the turntable 131 in the Y axis and the rotation of the turntable 131 in the AB two axes, the laser head 141 completes the additive processing of the current part of the part;

s300, obtaining a material reduction processing instruction of the current part of the part; judging whether the current laser head 141 is covered with the protective cover 210; if not, moving the three-dimensional printing shaft 140 to enable the laser head 141 to reach above the protective cover 210, moving the three-dimensional printing shaft 140 downwards to enable the protective cover 210 to cover the laser head 141 through the magnet 211, and then horizontally moving the three-dimensional printing shaft 140 to enable the protective cover 210 to be separated from the mounting block 220;

s400, moving the three-dimensional printing shaft 140 in the X axis and/or the Z axis, moving the rotary table 131 in the Y axis and rotating the rotary table 131 in the AB axis so as to enable a cutter of the main shaft 150 to finish the material reduction processing of the current part of the part;

The five-axis material increasing and decreasing machining equipment is provided with the three-dimensional printing shaft 140 for material increasing machining and the main shaft 150 for material decreasing machining, so that the three-dimensional printing shaft 140 and the main shaft 150 are switched to perform part machining, and machining of various parts with complex shapes is favorably met. Meanwhile, the laser head protection device 200 is arranged to protect the laser head 141 during material reduction processing, so that the laser head 141 is prevented from being stained, and the processing quality is improved. Furthermore, the mode of switching between the additive processing and the subtractive processing is adopted, so that the processing of the spindle 150 tool on the inner side or the outer side of the part can be facilitated.

In some embodiments, the three-dimensional printing shaft 140 and the spindle 150 are movable in synchronization on the X-axis and independently on the Z-axis, so that the spindle 150 and the three-dimensional printing shaft 140 can be moved horizontally in synchronization during additive processing to bring the laser head 141 above the turntable 131; the tool of the spindle 150 is retracted upward and the laser head 141 is extended downward for additive machining; and when the material is reduced, the main shaft 150 and the three-dimensional printing shaft 140 can be synchronously and horizontally moved, so that the cutter of the main shaft 150 reaches the upper part of the turntable 131, the cutter of the main shaft 150 extends downwards, the laser head 141 retracts upwards to perform the material reduction processing, and the processing head can be conveniently switched by the arrangement, so that the system control is more convenient, and the processing speed is improved.

The present invention is described herein with reference to one specific embodiment, which is not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Taking the machining of the profiled metal piece 300 with an inner cavity requiring the inner side machining as an example.

Referring to fig. 9, the shaped metal part 300 formed by the target machining includes a first workpiece body 310, a second workpiece body 320 and a third workpiece body 330, which are sequentially connected, wherein the first workpiece body 310 and the third workpiece body 340 may be straight through bodies (e.g., straight pipes), and the second workpiece body 320 is a curved through body (e.g., arc-shaped pipes). Further, referring to fig. 9, in some embodiments of the present invention, with the intermediate connection portion 340 as a boundary, the second workpiece body 320 is provided with an upper arc body and a lower arc body, and the orientations of the upper arc body opening and the lower arc body opening are inconsistent, for the conventional forming manner, the forming processing of the upper arc body and the lower arc body needs to be completed respectively, and then the processing of the intermediate portion 340 is performed, so as to splice the upper arc body and the lower arc body.

Therefore, the conventional single-process forming method cannot perform the integrated process of the second workpiece body 320, and it is difficult to perform the reduced-profile finish process on the inner/outer sides of the first and

third workpiece bodies

310 and 330 which are long (the pipe length is longer than the tool length). According to the invention, firstly, the metal powder is melted by a laser beam to form a movable molten pool, then the movable molten pool is solidified, three-dimensional solid metal parts are deposited and formed layer by layer, and then the inner side or the outer side of the parts are subjected to finish machining by a numerical control milling material reduction process, so that the precision requirement of the parts is met.

Specifically, referring to fig. 10 to 12, after a small-section workpiece body having a short length is formed by the laser head 141, the inner and outer walls of the small-section workpiece body just formed may be finished, and then the forming process of the next small-section pipe may be performed on the small-section workpiece body, so that the process is repeated until the integral process of the whole part is completed.

Accordingly, the control method of the processing apparatus according to the present invention comprises the steps of:

step A: initializing/positioning the positions of the first workpiece body 310/the second workpiece body 320/the third workpiece body 330;

and (B) step (B): judging whether the current laser head 141 is covered with the protective cover 210;

if so, the cover slider is moved along the cover guide rail by the telescopic driver 240, so that the mounting block 220 extends out of the case 231 and the sealing plate 233 is separated from the case 231; when receiving the feedback signal of the proximity switch 250, stopping the telescopic driver 240; driving the three-dimensional printing shaft 140 to move up and down and/or horizontally so that the protective cover 210 matches the position of the mounting block 220; the three-dimensional printing shaft 140 is driven to move along the translation guide rail 172 towards the direction approaching the mounting block 220 so that the protective cover 210 is clamped on the mounting block 220, and then the three-dimensional printing shaft 140 is driven to move upwards so that the protective cover 210 is separated from the three-dimensional printing shaft 140; the cover slider moves along the cover guide rail through the telescopic driver 240, so that the mounting block 220 and the protective cover 210 retract into the box 231, and after receiving the feedback signal of the proximity switch 250, the telescopic driver 240 stops working, so that the sealing plate 233 covers the extending outlet of the box 231;

step C: the main shaft 150 is driven to retract upwards, the three-axis of the three-dimensional printing shaft 140 is driven to move and rotate along with the AB axis of the turntable 131, and the laser head 141 is used for carrying out five-axis linkage material adding processing on the first workpiece body 310, the second workpiece body 320 and the third workpiece body 330 (see FIG. 10);

step D: judging whether to execute the additive processing instruction, if yes, moving the cover slider along the cover guide rail by the telescopic driver 240 so as to enable the mounting block 220 to extend out of the box 231 and enable the sealing plate 233 to be separated from the box 231; when receiving the feedback signal of the proximity switch 250, stopping the telescopic driver 240; driving the three-dimensional printing shaft 140 to move up and down and/or horizontally so that the laser head 141 matches the position of the mounting block 220; the three-dimensional printing shaft 140 is driven to move along the translation guide rail 172 in a direction approaching the mounting block 220 so that the laser head 141 reaches above the protective cover 210, and then the three-dimensional printing shaft 140 is driven to move downwards so that the laser head 141 extends into the protective cover 210; the three-dimensional printing shaft 140 is driven to move along the translation guide rail 172 in a direction far away from the mounting block 220, so that the protective cover 210 moves along with the laser head 141 and is separated from the mounting block 220 under the action of the magnet 211, and the protective cover 210 covers the laser head 141 and moves along with the three-dimensional printing shaft 140 (see fig. 11); the cover slider moves along the cover guide rail through the telescopic driver 240, so that the mounting block 220 is retracted into the box 231, and when receiving the feedback signal of the proximity switch 250, the telescopic driver 240 stops working, so that the sealing plate 233 covers the extending outlet of the box 231;

step E: the three-dimensional printing shaft 140 is driven to retract upwards, the three shafts of the main shaft 150 are driven to move and rotate in cooperation with the AB shaft of the turntable 131, and the inner sides/outer sides of the first workpiece body 310, the second workpiece body 320 and the third workpiece body 330 are subjected to five-shaft linked material reduction processing through a cutter (see FIG. 11);

and D, judging whether to execute the additive processing instruction, if yes, repeating the steps B to E until the workpiece processing instruction is completed.

The present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, but can be modified, equivalent, improved, etc. by the same means to achieve the technical effects of the present invention, which are included in the spirit and principle of the present disclosure. Are intended to fall within the scope of the present invention. Various modifications and variations are possible in the technical solution and/or in the embodiments within the scope of the invention.

Claims

1. Five increase and decrease material processing equipment, characterized by, include:

the five-axis material increasing and decreasing processing machine (100) comprises a three-dimensional printing shaft (140) for material increasing and processing, a main shaft (150) for material decreasing and processing and a rotary table (131) for placing a workpiece, wherein the three-dimensional printing shaft (140) is provided with a laser head (141);

a laser head protection device (200) comprising a mounting block (220) and a protective cover (210) for covering the laser head (141); the mounting block (220) is provided with a clamping convex edge (221) and a clamping ring (222), the clamping convex edge (221) is arranged on the inner wall of the clamping ring (222), and the clamping ring (222) is provided with a cover inlet; the periphery of the protective cover (210) is provided with a clamping groove (212);

wherein, the protective cover (210) is connected to the mounting block (220) in a matched manner through the clamping groove (212) and the clamping convex edge (221), and the protective cover (210) is connected to the mounting block (220) in a matched manner through the cover inlet and the three-dimensional printing shaft (140) or is separated from the mounting block (220); the upper plane of the protective cover (210) is provided with a magnet (211) for connecting the three-dimensional printing shaft (140).

2. The five-axis log reduction machining apparatus of claim 1, wherein the mounting block (220) includes a ball plunger (224); the ball plunger (224) protrudes from the inner wall of the mounting block (220) to be abutted with the protective cover (210).

3. The five-axis increasing and decreasing material processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the laser head protection device (200) further comprises a protective cover (230), the protective cover (230) comprises a box body (231) and a fixing plate (232), the box body (231) is provided with an extending port, and the fixing plate (232) is arranged in the box body (231); the mounting block (220) is movably disposed on the fixing plate (232) to extend or retract the protective cover (210) into the case (231) through the extension opening.

4. The five-axis log reduction and adjustment processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the five-axis log reduction and adjustment processing machine (100) includes a base (111) and a gantry (112), the gantry (112) is disposed on the base (111), the three-dimensional printing shaft (140) and the spindle (150) are movably disposed on a beam on the gantry (112), and the turntable (131) is movably disposed on the base (111) and between two columns of the gantry (112).

5. The five-axis log reduction and elimination processing device according to claim 4, wherein the three-dimensional printing shaft (140) and the main shaft (150) are synchronously and horizontally movably arranged on the portal frame (112) through a translation sliding table (171).

6. The five-axis log reduction and elimination processing device according to claim 5, wherein the three-dimensional printing shaft (140) and the main shaft (150) are respectively arranged on the translation sliding table (171) through two lifting sliding tables (161), wherein the two lifting sliding tables (161) can move independently.

7. A control method of a five-axis log reduction processing apparatus, applied to the five-axis log reduction processing apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 6, the method comprising the steps of:

s100, acquiring an additive processing instruction of a current part of a part; judging whether the current laser head (141) is covered with a protective cover (210); if yes, moving the three-dimensional printing shaft (140) to enable the clamping convex edge (221) to be embedded into the clamping groove (212), and then moving the three-dimensional printing shaft (140) upwards to enable the protective cover (210) to be separated from the laser head (141);

s200, through the movement of the three-dimensional printing shaft (140) in the X axis and/or the Z axis, the movement of the rotary table (131) in the Y axis and the rotation of the rotary table (131) in the AB two axes, the laser head (141) completes the additive processing of the current part of the part;

s300, obtaining a material reduction processing instruction of the current part of the part; judging whether the current laser head (141) is covered with a protective cover (210); if not, moving the three-dimensional printing shaft (140) to enable the laser head (141) to reach the upper side of the protective cover (210), moving the three-dimensional printing shaft (140) downwards to enable the protective cover (210) to cover the laser head (141) through the magnet (211), and then horizontally moving the three-dimensional printing shaft (140) to enable the protective cover (210) to be separated from the mounting block (220);

s400, moving the three-dimensional printing shaft (140) in an X axis and/or a Z axis, moving the rotary table (131) in a Y axis and rotating the rotary table (131) in an AB axis so as to enable a cutter of the main shaft (150) to finish the material reduction processing of the current part of the part;

8. The method according to claim 7, wherein the step S200 comprises the steps of:

-moving the spindle (150) and the three-dimensional printing shaft (140) horizontally in synchronization so that the laser head (141) reaches above the turntable (131); the tool of the spindle (150) is retracted upward and the laser head (141) is extended downward for additive machining.

9. The method according to claim 7, wherein the step S400 comprises the steps of:

-moving the spindle (150) and the three-dimensional printing shaft (140) horizontally in synchronization so that the tool of the spindle (150) reaches above the turntable (131); the tool of the spindle (150) protrudes downward and the laser head (141) protrudes upward for subtractive machining.

10. The method according to claim 7, wherein in the step S400, the tool of the spindle (150) performs a subtractive process on the inner side or the outer side of the current part.