CN116159219A - Method for monitoring ventilation leakage of medical ventilation device and medical ventilation device - Google Patents
Method for monitoring ventilation leakage of medical ventilation device and medical ventilation device Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
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Abstract
A method for monitoring ventilation leaks of a medical ventilator and a medical ventilator configured with a unique intentional leak pressure-flow correspondence to correspond to multiple types of interface accessories wearable at a respiratory site of a ventilated subject, the method comprising: acquiring a flow signal acquired by a flow sensor of the medical ventilation equipment, and obtaining total leakage based on the flow signal; acquiring a pressure signal acquired by a pressure sensor of the medical ventilation equipment; invoking the unique intentional leakage pressure-flow corresponding relation, and obtaining intentional leakage of the interface accessory based on the pressure signal and the pressure-flow corresponding relation; the unintended leakage of the interface accessory is obtained based on the difference between the total leakage and the intended leakage. According to the method and the device, the automatic monitoring of unintentional leakage can be realized without selecting an applicable pressure-flow corresponding relation by a user.
Description
Technical Field
The present application relates to the field of medical devices, and more particularly to a method for monitoring ventilation leaks of a medical ventilator and a medical ventilator.
Background
Noninvasive ventilators are widely used in patients with mild respiratory failure with spontaneous breathing due to simple operation, easy acceptance by patients, and difficulty in secondary lung injury and lung infection. Noninvasive ventilation does not require the establishment of an artificial airway, but rather supplies air to the patient through interface accessories such as masks, nasal masks, and the like. Most noninvasive ventilators are not equipped with active exhalation valves, and in an ideal situation, all leakage gas escapes from the mask leakage orifice or passive exhalation valve, which can facilitate the patient to expel exhaled carbon dioxide, which is a deliberate leak that needs to escape for normal ventilation. However, in the practical use process, the contact surface of the interface accessory and the patient cannot be completely sealed, and part of gas can leak out of the contact surface, which belongs to unintended leakage. If the interface accessory is worn too loosely, a large amount of gas will leak from the contact surface of the face of the patient and the interface accessory, the leakage is too large to cause false triggering, and in addition, the breathing effort of the patient is extremely easy to generate countermeasures such as double triggering, insufficient inspiration flow rate, invalid triggering, switching advance/delay and the like, so that the man-machine synchronism and the ventilation stability are reduced, and the abnormal breathing cycle is generated when serious, so that the unintentional leakage cannot be too large; if the interface accessory is worn too tightly, the pressure feeling to the patient is increased, and the face is easy to be damaged, so that unintended leakage cannot be too small. Therefore, the monitoring of the condition of unintentional leakage can help doctors judge the tightness degree of the interface accessory interaction with the patient.
Disclosure of Invention
In the summary, a series of concepts in a simplified form are introduced, which will be further described in detail in the detailed description. The summary of the present application is not intended to define the key features and essential features of the claimed subject matter, nor is it intended to be used to determine the scope of the claimed subject matter.
A first aspect of the present application provides a method for monitoring ventilation leakage of a medical ventilator comprising a pressure generating device for communication with a ventilation line for connection to an interface accessory worn at a breathing site of a ventilated subject for delivering a set pressure or set flow of gas to the ventilated subject through the ventilation line and the interface accessory, a pressure sensor, a flow sensor, and a processor for controlling the pressure generating device to generate the set pressure or set flow of gas, the medical ventilator being configured with a unique deliberately leaked pressure-flow correspondence to correspond to a plurality of types of interface accessories that may be worn at the breathing site of the ventilated subject, the method comprising: acquiring a flow signal acquired by the flow sensor, and acquiring total leakage based on the flow signal; acquiring a pressure signal acquired by the pressure sensor; the processor invokes a pressure-flow correspondence of intentional leakage of a uniquely configured interface accessory and obtains intentional leakage of the interface accessory worn by the ventilation subject breathing site based on the pressure signal and the pressure-flow correspondence of intentional leakage of the uniquely configured interface accessory; the processor obtains an unintended leakage of the interface accessory based on a difference between the total leakage and the intended leakage of the interface accessory.
In some embodiments, the purposeful leak pressure-flow correspondence for the uniquely configured interface accessory is derived from pressure data and purposeful leak flow data for at least one interface accessory and is preconfigured with the medical ventilator.
In some embodiments, the pressure-flow correspondence of the intentional leakage of the uniquely configured interface accessory is fitted from at least two sets of pressure data and the intentional leakage flow data of the interface accessory, or the pressure-flow correspondence of the intentional leakage of the uniquely configured interface accessory is averaged from at least two sets of pressure data and the intentional leakage flow data of the interface accessory.
In some embodiments, the pressure-flow correspondence for intentional leakage of the uniquely configured interface accessory is fitted in segments over at least two pressure intervals.
In some embodiments, the pressure-flow correspondence of intentional leakage of the uniquely configured interface accessory is obtained by polynomial fitting.
In some embodiments, the pressure-flow correspondence for intentional leakage of the uniquely configured interface accessory is selected from pressure-flow correspondences of at least two interface accessories and pre-configured to the medical ventilator device.
In some embodiments, the pressure sensor is disposed at the interface accessory or at a device end of the medical ventilation device.
In some embodiments, the deriving the total leakage based on the flow signal comprises deriving an average flow of the total leakage based on the flow signal; the deriving the intentional leak of the interface accessory worn by the ventilation subject breathing site based on the pressure signal and the pressure-flow correspondence of the intentional leak of the uniquely configured interface accessory comprises: obtaining an average flow of intentional leakage of the interface accessory based on the pressure signal and the uniquely configured pressure-flow correspondence of intentional leakage; said deriving an unintended leakage of said interface accessory based on a difference between said total leakage and said intended leakage of said interface accessory, comprising: and obtaining the average flow of the unintended leakage of the interface accessory as the unintended leakage of the interface accessory based on the difference between the average flow of the total leakage and the average flow of the intended leakage of the interface accessory.
In some embodiments, the deriving the total leakage based on the flow signal comprises: filtering the flow signal to obtain an average flow of the total leakage as the total leakage, wherein the filtering comprises low-pass filtering or adaptive filtering.
In some embodiments, the deriving the total leakage based on the flow signal comprises: extracting flow data for at least one respiratory cycle from the flow signal; and obtaining the average flow of the total leakage according to the average value of the flow data of the at least one breathing cycle, and taking the average flow of the total leakage as the total leakage.
In some embodiments, the deriving the average flow of intentional leakage of the interface accessory based on the pressure signal and the pressure-flow correspondence of intentional leakage of the uniquely configured interface accessory comprises: filtering the pressure signal to obtain an average pressure, the filtering comprising low-pass filtering or adaptive filtering; and obtaining the average flow of the intentional leakage of the interface accessory according to the pressure-flow corresponding relation of the average pressure and the intentional leakage of the uniquely configured interface accessory.
In some embodiments, the deriving the average flow of intentional leakage of the interface accessory based on the pressure signal and the pressure-flow correspondence of intentional leakage of the uniquely configured interface accessory comprises: extracting pressure data of at least one breathing cycle from the pressure signal, and obtaining average pressure according to the average value of the pressure data of the at least one breathing cycle; and obtaining the average flow of the intentional leakage of the interface accessory according to the pressure-flow corresponding relation of the average pressure and the intentional leakage of the uniquely configured interface accessory.
In some embodiments, the deriving the average flow of intentional leakage of the interface accessory based on the pressure signal and the pressure-flow correspondence of intentional leakage of the uniquely configured interface accessory comprises: obtaining an instantaneous flow signal of intentional leakage of the interface accessory according to the pressure signal and the pressure-flow corresponding relation of intentional leakage of the uniquely configured interface accessory; filtering the deliberately leaked instantaneous flow signal of the interface accessory to obtain an deliberately leaked average flow of the interface accessory, the filtering comprising low-pass filtering or adaptive filtering.
In some embodiments, the deriving the average flow of intentional leakage of the interface accessory based on the pressure signal and the pressure-flow correspondence of intentional leakage of the uniquely configured interface accessory comprises: obtaining an instantaneous flow signal of intentional leakage of the interface accessory according to the pressure signal and the pressure-flow corresponding relation of intentional leakage of the uniquely configured interface accessory; extracting instantaneous flow data for at least one respiratory cycle from the intentionally leaked instantaneous flow signal of the interface accessory; the average flow of the intentional leak of the interface accessory is derived from an average of instantaneous flow data of at least one respiratory cycle extracted from the instantaneous flow signal of the intentional leak of the interface accessory.
In some embodiments, the deriving the total leakage based on the flow signal comprises deriving an instantaneous flow of the total leakage based on the flow signal; the deriving the intentional leakage of the interface accessory based on the pressure signal and the pressure-flow correspondence of the intentional leakage of the uniquely configured interface accessory comprises: obtaining the instantaneous flow of the intentional leakage of the interface accessory based on the pressure signal and the pressure-flow correspondence of the intentional leakage of the uniquely configured interface accessory; said deriving an unintended leakage of said interface accessory based on a difference between said total leakage and said intended leakage of said interface accessory, comprising: and obtaining an unintended leakage instantaneous flow signal of the interface accessory based on the difference between the total leakage instantaneous flow and the intentional leakage instantaneous flow of the interface accessory.
In some embodiments, the method further comprises: acquiring the average flow of unintended leakage of the interface accessory in a previous second preset time at intervals of a first preset time, wherein the length of the first preset time is smaller than that of the second preset time;
averaging the average flow of the unintentional leaks of at least two interface accessories to obtain unintentional leak monitoring data of the interface accessories, comparing the unintentional leak monitoring data of the interface accessories with a preset threshold value, and generating prompt information when the unintentional leak monitoring data of the interface accessories exceeds the preset threshold value.
In some embodiments, the method further comprises: and adjusting the length of the first preset time and/or the second preset time in real time according to the breathing state of the ventilation object.
In some embodiments, an exhalation valve is also connected between the vent line and the mouthpiece attachment; the method further comprises the steps of: performing a calibration procedure on the exhalation valve to obtain a pressure-flow correspondence of intentional leakage of the exhalation valve; the processor invokes a pressure-flow correspondence of the intentional leakage of the exhalation valve and obtains the intentional leakage of the exhalation valve based on the pressure-flow correspondence of the intentional leakage of the exhalation valve; the processor obtains an unintended leakage of the interface accessory based on the total leakage minus the intended leakage of the interface accessory, the intended leakage of the exhalation valve.
A second aspect of the present embodiments provides a method for monitoring ventilation leakage of a medical ventilator, the medical ventilator including a pressure generating device for communication with a ventilation line for connection to an interface fitting worn at a respiratory site of a subject to be ventilated for delivering a set pressure or set flow of gas to the subject to be ventilated through the ventilation line and the interface fitting, a pressure sensor, a flow sensor, and a processor for controlling the pressure generating device to generate the set pressure or set flow of gas, the method comprising: acquiring a flow signal acquired by the flow sensor, and acquiring total leakage based on the flow signal; acquiring a pressure signal acquired by the pressure sensor; the processor invokes a first pressure-flow correspondence of intentional leakage of a preconfigured interface accessory, and obtains intentional leakage of the interface accessory worn at the breathing site of the ventilation subject based on the pressure signal and the first pressure-flow correspondence; and deriving an unintended leakage of the interface accessory based on a difference between the total leakage and the intended leakage of the interface accessory; the method further comprises the steps of: acquiring a second pressure-flow correspondence of intentional leakage of the interface accessory during ventilation of the medical ventilator; the second pressure-flow correspondence is different from the first pressure-flow correspondence; the processor invokes the second pressure-flow correspondence, and obtains intentional leakage of the interface accessory worn at the breathing site of the ventilation subject based on the pressure signal and the second pressure-flow correspondence; and deriving an unintended leakage of the interface accessory based on a difference between the total leakage and the intended leakage of the interface accessory.
In some embodiments, during ventilation of the medical ventilator, obtaining a second pressure-flow correspondence for intentional leakage includes: and monitoring the ventilation state of the ventilation object, and automatically selecting the second pressure-flow corresponding relation according to the ventilation state of the ventilation object.
In some embodiments, during ventilation of the medical ventilator, obtaining a second pressure-flow correspondence for intentional leakage includes: and in the ventilation process of the medical ventilation equipment, acquiring and responding to a selective instruction of the second pressure-flow corresponding relation of intentional leakage input by a user so as to obtain the second pressure-flow corresponding relation.
In some embodiments, the first pressure-flow correspondence or the second pressure-flow correspondence is derived from pressure data of at least one interface accessory and intentional leakage flow data and pre-configured to the medical ventilator.
In some embodiments, the first pressure-flow correspondence or the second pressure-flow correspondence is fitted from at least two sets of pressure data and intentional leakage flow data of the interface accessory, or the first pressure-flow correspondence or the second pressure-flow correspondence is averaged from at least two sets of pressure data and intentional leakage flow data of the interface accessory.
In some embodiments, the first pressure-flow correspondence or the second pressure-flow correspondence is obtained by piecewise fitting over at least two pressure intervals.
In some embodiments, the first pressure-flow correspondence or the second pressure-flow correspondence is obtained by polynomial fitting.
In some embodiments, the first pressure-flow correspondence or the second pressure-flow correspondence is selected from pressure-flow correspondence of at least two interface attachments.
In some embodiments, the pressure sensor is disposed at the interface accessory or at a device end of the medical ventilation device.
In some embodiments, the deriving the total leakage based on the flow signal comprises deriving an average flow of the total leakage based on the flow signal; the obtaining the intentional leakage of the interface accessory based on the pressure signal and the first pressure-flow correspondence or the second pressure-flow correspondence includes: obtaining an average flow of intentional leakage of the interface accessory based on the pressure signal and the first pressure-flow correspondence or the second pressure-flow correspondence; said deriving an unintended leakage of said interface accessory based on a difference between said total leakage and said intended leakage of said interface accessory, comprising: and obtaining the average flow of the unintended leakage of the interface accessory as the unintended leakage of the interface accessory based on the difference between the average flow of the total leakage and the average flow of the intended leakage of the interface accessory.
In some embodiments, the deriving the total leakage based on the flow signal comprises: filtering the flow signal to obtain an average flow of the total leakage as the total leakage, wherein the filtering comprises low-pass filtering or adaptive filtering.
In some embodiments, the deriving the total leakage based on the flow signal comprises: extracting flow data for at least one respiratory cycle from the flow signal; and obtaining the average flow of the total leakage according to the average value of the flow data of the at least one breathing cycle, and taking the average flow of the total leakage as the total leakage.
In some embodiments, the deriving the average flow of intentional leakage of the interface accessory based on the pressure signal and the first pressure-flow correspondence or the second pressure-flow correspondence comprises: filtering the pressure signal to obtain an average pressure, the filtering comprising low-pass filtering or adaptive filtering; and obtaining the average flow of intentional leakage of the interface accessory according to the average pressure and the first pressure-flow corresponding relation or the second pressure-flow corresponding relation.
In some embodiments, the deriving the average flow of intentional leakage of the interface accessory based on the pressure signal and the first pressure-flow correspondence or the second pressure-flow correspondence comprises: extracting pressure data of at least one breathing cycle from the pressure signal, and obtaining average pressure according to the average value of the pressure data of the at least one breathing cycle; and obtaining the average flow of intentional leakage of the interface accessory according to the average pressure and the first pressure-flow corresponding relation or the second pressure-flow corresponding relation.
In some embodiments, the deriving the average flow of intentional leakage of the interface accessory based on the pressure signal and the first pressure-flow correspondence or the second pressure-flow correspondence comprises: obtaining an instant flow signal of intentional leakage of the interface accessory according to the pressure signal and the first pressure-flow corresponding relation or the second pressure-flow corresponding relation; filtering the deliberately leaked instantaneous flow signal of the interface accessory to obtain an deliberately leaked average flow of the interface accessory, the filtering comprising low-pass filtering or adaptive filtering.
In some embodiments, the deriving the average flow of intentional leakage of the interface accessory based on the pressure signal and the first pressure-flow correspondence or the second pressure-flow correspondence comprises: obtaining an instant flow signal of intentional leakage of the interface accessory according to the pressure signal and the first pressure-flow corresponding relation or the second pressure-flow corresponding relation; extracting instantaneous flow data for at least one respiratory cycle from the intentionally leaked instantaneous flow signal of the interface accessory; the average flow of the intentional leak of the interface accessory is derived from an average of instantaneous flow data of at least one respiratory cycle extracted from the instantaneous flow signal of the intentional leak of the interface accessory.
In some embodiments, the deriving the total leakage based on the flow signal comprises: obtaining an instantaneous flow of the total leak based on the flow signal; the obtaining the intentional leakage of the interface accessory based on the pressure signal and the first pressure-flow correspondence or the second pressure-flow correspondence includes: obtaining the instant flow of the intentional leakage of the interface accessory based on the pressure signal and the first pressure-flow corresponding relation or the second pressure-flow corresponding relation; said deriving an unintended leakage of said interface accessory based on a difference between said total leakage and said intended leakage comprises: and obtaining the unintended leakage instantaneous flow signal based on the difference between the total leakage instantaneous flow and the intentional leakage instantaneous flow of the interface accessory.
In some embodiments, the method further comprises: acquiring the average flow of unintended leakage of the interface accessory in a previous second preset time at intervals of a first preset time, wherein the length of the first preset time is smaller than that of the second preset time; averaging the average flow of at least two unintended leaks to obtain unintended leakage monitoring data, comparing the unintended leakage monitoring data with a preset threshold, and generating prompt information when the unintended leakage monitoring data exceeds the preset threshold.
In some embodiments, the method further comprises: and adjusting the length of the first preset time and/or the second preset time in real time according to the breathing state of the ventilation object.
In some embodiments, an exhalation valve is also connected to the vent line and the mouthpiece attachment; the method further comprises the steps of: performing a calibration procedure on the exhalation valve to obtain a pressure-flow correspondence of intentional leakage of the exhalation valve; the processor invokes a pressure-flow correspondence of the intentional leakage of the exhalation valve and obtains the intentional leakage of the exhalation valve based on the pressure-flow correspondence of the intentional leakage of the exhalation valve; the processor obtains an unintended leakage of the interface accessory based on the total leakage minus the intended leakage of the interface accessory, the intended leakage of the exhalation valve.
A third aspect of the embodiments of the present application provides a method for monitoring ventilation leakage of a medical ventilator, the medical ventilator comprising a pressure generating device, a pressure sensor, a flow sensor, and a processor, the pressure generating device being configured to communicate with a ventilation line, the ventilation line being configured to be connected to an interface fitting worn at a breathing site of a subject to be ventilated, to deliver a set pressure or a set flow of gas to the subject to be ventilated through the ventilation line and the interface fitting, an exhalation valve being further connected between the interface fitting and the ventilation line; the processor is configured to control the pressure generating device to generate the set pressure or the set flow rate of the gas, and the method includes: performing a calibration procedure on the exhalation valve to obtain a pressure-flow correspondence of intentional leakage of the exhalation valve; acquiring a flow signal acquired by the flow sensor, and acquiring total leakage based on the flow signal; acquiring a pressure signal acquired by the pressure sensor; the processor obtains the intentional leakage of the exhalation valve based on a pressure-flow correspondence of the pressure signal and the intentional leakage of the exhalation valve; the processor obtains an unintended leakage of the interface accessory based on a difference between the total leakage and the intended leakage of the exhalation valve.
In some embodiments, the performing a calibration procedure on the exhalation valve to obtain a pressure-flow correspondence for intentional leakage of the exhalation valve includes: under the condition that the connecting end of the exhalation valve and the interface accessory is closed and the exhaust port of the exhalation valve is opened, the processor controls the pressure generating device to ventilate under a plurality of set pressures, and controls the flow rate sensor to acquire the flow rate corresponding to each set pressure; the processor fits the plurality of set pressures and the corresponding flow rates thereof to obtain the pressure-flow rate correspondence of intentional leakage of the exhalation valve.
In some embodiments, prior to performing a calibration procedure on the exhalation valve to obtain a pressure-flow correspondence for intentional leakage of the exhalation valve, further comprising: displaying a calibration interface of the exhalation valve, wherein the calibration interface of the exhalation valve is used for receiving a selection instruction of whether the exhalation valve is connected between the interface accessory and the ventilation pipeline, and an operation control used for starting a calibration program of the exhalation valve is also displayed in the calibration interface of the exhalation valve; and when receiving a selection instruction of the exhalation valve connected between the interface accessory and the ventilation pipeline through the calibration interface of the exhalation valve and receiving an operation instruction of an operation control for starting the calibration program of the exhalation valve, starting the calibration program of the exhalation valve.
In some embodiments, the calibration interface of the exhalation valve is further configured to receive a selection instruction of a type of the interface accessory, the type of interface accessory including an intentionally leaked interface accessory or an unintentionally leaked interface accessory; the method further comprises the steps of: when a selection instruction of the interface accessory with the intentional leakage type is received through a calibration interface of the exhalation valve, the processor calls the pressure-flow corresponding relation of the intentional leakage of the interface accessory, and the intentional leakage of the interface accessory is obtained based on the pressure signal and the pressure-flow corresponding relation of the intentional leakage of the interface accessory; the processor obtains an unintended leakage of the interface accessory based on the total leakage minus the intended leakage of the exhalation valve, the intended leakage of the interface accessory.
In some embodiments, the method further comprises: when receiving a selection instruction of the interface accessory with the type of unintentional leakage through the calibration interface of the exhalation valve, the exhalation valve is fixedly arranged between the interface accessory and the ventilation pipeline.
In some embodiments, the method further comprises: displaying the calibration time and the calibration result of the calibration program executed for the exhalation valve in the previous time in the calibration interface of the exhalation valve; and/or displaying calibration prompt information in a calibration interface of the exhalation valve, wherein the calibration prompt information is used for prompting that in the process of executing a calibration program of the exhalation valve, the connection end of the exhalation valve and the interface accessory is kept closed, and the exhaust port of the exhalation valve is kept open.
In some embodiments, the deriving the total leakage based on the flow signal comprises deriving an average flow of the total leakage based on the flow signal; the deriving the intentional leak of the exhalation valve based on the pressure signal and the pressure-flow correspondence of the intentional leak of the exhalation valve comprises: obtaining an average flow of intentional leakage of the exhalation valve based on the pressure signal and a pressure-flow correspondence of the intentional leakage of the exhalation valve; said deriving an unintended leakage of said interface accessory based on a difference between said total leakage and an intended leakage of said exhalation valve, comprising: and obtaining the average flow of the unintended leakage of the interface accessory as the unintended leakage of the interface accessory based on the difference between the average flow of the total leakage and the average flow of the intended leakage of the exhalation valve.
In some embodiments, the deriving the average flow of intentional leakage of the exhalation valve based on the pressure signal and a pressure-flow correspondence of intentional leakage of the exhalation valve comprises: filtering the pressure signal to obtain an average pressure, the filtering comprising low-pass filtering or adaptive filtering; and obtaining the average flow of the intentional leakage of the exhalation valve according to the pressure-flow corresponding relation between the average pressure and the intentional leakage of the exhalation valve.
In some embodiments, the deriving the average flow of intentional leakage of the exhalation valve based on the pressure signal and a pressure-flow correspondence of intentional leakage of the exhalation valve comprises: extracting pressure data of at least one breathing cycle from the pressure signal, and obtaining average pressure according to the average value of the pressure data of the at least one breathing cycle; and obtaining the average flow of the intentional leakage of the exhalation valve according to the pressure-flow corresponding relation between the average pressure and the intentional leakage of the exhalation valve.
In some embodiments, the deriving the average flow of intentional leakage of the exhalation valve based on the pressure signal and a pressure-flow correspondence of intentional leakage of the exhalation valve comprises: obtaining an instantaneous flow signal of intentional leakage of the exhalation valve according to the pressure signal and the pressure-flow correspondence of intentional leakage of the exhalation valve; filtering the instantaneous flow signal of the intentional leak of the exhalation valve to obtain an average flow of the intentional leak of the exhalation valve, the filtering including low pass filtering or adaptive filtering.
In some embodiments, the deriving the average flow of intentional leakage of the exhalation valve based on the pressure signal and a pressure-flow correspondence of intentional leakage of the exhalation valve comprises: obtaining an instantaneous flow signal of intentional leakage of the exhalation valve according to the pressure signal and the pressure-flow correspondence of intentional leakage of the exhalation valve; extracting instantaneous flow data for at least one respiratory cycle from an intentionally leaked instantaneous flow signal of the exhalation valve; the average flow of the intentional leak of the exhalation valve is derived from an average of instantaneous flow data for at least one breathing cycle extracted from the instantaneous flow signal of the intentional leak of the exhalation valve.
In some embodiments, the deriving the total leakage based on the flow signal comprises deriving an instantaneous flow of the total leakage based on the flow signal; the deriving the intentional leak of the exhalation valve based on the pressure signal and the pressure-flow correspondence of the intentional leak of the exhalation valve comprises: obtaining an instantaneous flow of the intentional leak of the exhalation valve based on the pressure signal and a pressure-flow correspondence of the intentional leak of the exhalation valve; said deriving an unintended leakage of said interface accessory based on a difference between said total leakage and an intended leakage of said exhalation valve, comprising: based on the difference between the total leaked instantaneous flow and the intentionally leaked instantaneous flow of the exhalation valve, an unintended leakage instantaneous flow signal of the interface accessory is obtained.
A fourth aspect of the present embodiments provides a method for monitoring ventilation leakage of a medical ventilator, the medical ventilator including a pressure generating device, a pressure sensor, a flow sensor, and a processor, the pressure generating device being configured to communicate with a ventilation line, the ventilation line being configured to be connected to a mouthpiece fitting worn at a breathing site of a subject to deliver a set pressure or set flow of gas to the subject through the ventilation line and the mouthpiece fitting, the ventilation line including the mouthpiece fitting worn at the breathing site of the subject, the processor being configured to control the pressure generating device to generate the set pressure or set flow of gas, the method comprising: acquiring a flow signal acquired by the flow sensor, and acquiring total leakage based on the flow signal; acquiring a pressure signal acquired by the pressure sensor, calling a preset pressure-flow corresponding relation of intentional leakage of the interface accessory, and acquiring the intentional leakage of the interface accessory based on the pressure signal and the pressure-flow corresponding relation, wherein the pressure-flow corresponding relation is applicable to various types of interface accessories; an unintended leakage of the interface accessory is obtained based on a difference between the total leakage and the intended leakage of the interface accessory.
A fifth aspect of embodiments of the present application provides a medical ventilation device comprising: a pressure generating device for communicating with a ventilation line for connecting to a mouthpiece fitting worn at a breathing site of a subject to be ventilated to deliver a set pressure or a set flow of gas to the subject to be ventilated through the ventilation line and the mouthpiece fitting; a flow sensor for acquiring a flow signal during delivery of gas to the ventilation subject; a pressure sensor for acquiring a pressure signal during delivery of gas to the ventilation subject; the processor is connected with the flow sensor, the pressure signal and the pressure generating device and is used for acquiring the flow signal and the pressure signal and controlling the pressure generating device to generate the set pressure or the set flow of gas; the processor is also configured to perform the ventilation leakage monitoring method as described above.
According to the method for monitoring ventilation leakage of the medical ventilation equipment and the medical ventilation equipment, the unique intentional leakage pressure-flow corresponding relation is configured to correspond to the multiple types of interface accessories, the intentional leakage of the interface accessories is obtained according to the uniquely configured intentional leakage pressure-flow corresponding relation applicable to the multiple types of interface accessories, and the applicable pressure-flow corresponding relation does not need to be selected by a user; after the intentional leakage and the total leakage of the interface accessory are obtained, the unintentional leakage of the interface accessory is obtained based on the difference between the total leakage and the intentional leakage of the interface accessory, so that the automatic monitoring of the unintentional leakage is realized.
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In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings that are needed in the description of the embodiments will be briefly described below, it being obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort to a person skilled in the art.
In the drawings:
FIG. 1 shows a schematic flow chart of a method for monitoring ventilation leaks of a medical ventilator according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 2 shows a schematic diagram of filtering a traffic signal according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 3 illustrates a schematic diagram of pressure-flow correspondence for intentional leakage of an interface accessory according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 4 shows a schematic diagram of filtering a pressure signal according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 5 shows a schematic flow chart of a method for monitoring ventilation leaks of a medical ventilator according to one embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a display of unintended leakage according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 7 shows a schematic flow chart of a method for monitoring ventilation leaks of a medical ventilator according to another embodiment of the present application;
Fig. 8 shows a schematic flow chart of a method for monitoring ventilation leaks of a medical ventilator according to another embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 9 illustrates a schematic diagram of a calibration interface for an exhalation valve according to one embodiment of the present application;
fig. 10 shows a schematic flow chart of a method for monitoring ventilation leaks of a medical ventilator according to another embodiment of the present application;
fig. 11 shows a schematic block diagram of a medical ventilation device according to an embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present application more apparent, exemplary embodiments according to the present application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be apparent that the described embodiments are only some of the embodiments of the present application and not all of the embodiments of the present application, and it should be understood that the present application is not limited by the example embodiments described herein. Based on the embodiments of the present application described herein, all other embodiments that may be made by one skilled in the art without the exercise of inventive faculty are intended to fall within the scope of protection of the present application.
In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a more thorough understanding of the present application. However, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that the present application may be practiced without one or more of these details. In other instances, some features well known in the art have not been described in order to avoid obscuring the present application.
It should be understood that the present application may be embodied in various forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the application to those skilled in the art.
The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the application. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising," when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof. As used herein, the term "and/or" includes any and all combinations of the associated listed items.
For a thorough understanding of the present application, detailed structures will be presented in the following description in order to illustrate the technical solutions presented herein. Alternative embodiments of the present application are described in detail below, however, the present application may have other implementations in addition to these detailed descriptions.
A method for monitoring ventilation leaks of a medical ventilator according to an embodiment of the present application is described below with reference first to fig. 1. The medical ventilation device of the embodiment of the application can be realized as a device for providing mechanical ventilation for a ventilation object, such as a respirator and an anesthesia machine. The medical ventilation device at least comprises a pressure generating device, a pressure sensor, a flow sensor and a processor, wherein the pressure generating device is used for being communicated with a ventilation pipeline, the ventilation pipeline is used for being connected to a connector accessory worn on the breathing part of a ventilation object so as to convey set pressure or set flow of gas to the ventilation object through the ventilation pipeline and the connector accessory, and the connector accessory comprises a face mask, a nose mask, a head mask and the like. The medical ventilator is configured with a unique intentional leak pressure-flow correspondence that may be stored in a memory of the medical ventilator to correspond to a plurality of types of interface accessories that may be worn at a respiratory site of a subject to be ventilated. The processor is configured to control the pressure generating device to generate a set pressure or a set flow of gas, and the processor is further configured to perform the following method to monitor ventilation leaks of the medical ventilator. Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method 100 for monitoring ventilation leakage of a medical ventilator in an embodiment of the present application, specifically comprising the steps of:
In step S110, a flow signal acquired by the flow sensor is acquired, and total leakage is obtained based on the flow signal;
in step S120, a pressure signal acquired by the pressure sensor is acquired;
in step S130, the processor invokes a uniquely configured intentional leak pressure-flow correspondence and obtains an intentional leak of an interface accessory worn by the breathing site of the ventilation subject based on the pressure signal and the uniquely configured intentional leak pressure-flow correspondence;
in step S140, the processor obtains an unintended leakage of the interface accessory based on a difference between the total leakage and the intended leakage of the interface accessory.
The method 100 for monitoring ventilation leaks of a medical ventilator of the present embodiments is primarily used to monitor unintended leaks generated at the interface between an interface accessory and a ventilated subject. The noninvasive ventilator exhales through a leak orifice or a passive exhalation valve of the mouthpiece attachment, which inevitably has leaks during ventilation. In an ideal state, all leakage gas should overflow from a leakage hole of the interface accessory or a passive exhalation valve, and the leakage gas which is required to leak during normal ventilation is called intentional leakage; in the actual use process, the interface accessory and the contact surface of the patient cannot be completely sealed, so that part of gas can leak out of the contact surface, and the gas which is not expected to leak out of normal ventilation is called unintentional leakage or patient end leakage; the sum of intentional and unintentional leakage is the total leakage. The method 100 for monitoring ventilation leakage of a medical ventilation device in the embodiment of the present application configures in advance a unique intentional leakage pressure-flow correspondence corresponding to multiple types of interface accessories in the medical ventilation device so as to correspond to multiple types of interface accessories that can be worn on a breathing portion of a ventilation object, and when unintentional leakage is calculated, a processor of the medical ventilation device invokes the unique intentional leakage pressure-flow correspondence to obtain intentional leakage of the interface accessories, without selecting an applicable pressure-flow correspondence by a user; after the intentional leakage and the total leakage are obtained, the unintentional leakage of the interface accessory is obtained based on the difference between the total leakage and the intentional leakage, so that automatic monitoring of the unintentional leakage is realized.
Illustratively, in step S110, the total leakage is derived based on the flow signal. The flow signal is acquired by a flow sensor of the medical ventilation equipment in the ventilation process. The flow sensor is generally arranged at the equipment end of the medical ventilation equipment, and can detect the flow rate of the gas in the ventilation pipeline in real time when the flow rate of the gas in the ventilation pipeline changes, and calculate the corresponding flow rate of the gas according to the area of the ventilation pipeline and the detected flow rate of the gas.
Illustratively, deriving the total leakage based on the flow signal specifically includes deriving an average flow of the total leakage based on the flow signal. Since the flow signal characterizes the flow of gas supplied to the subject through the ventilation line, a portion of the gas being breathed by the subject and another portion leaking through the mouthpiece, the original flow signal is set to F Ori (t) total leakage flow is F Leak (t) the flow rate of the ventilation object is F Patient (t), the three satisfy the following relationship:
F Ori (t)＝F Leak (t)+F Patient (t) (equation 1)
And the tidal volumes of inspiration and expiration of the ventilated subject in one breathing cycle are basically equal, so that the sum of the flow of the ventilated subject in a single breathing cycle is 0, namely, the following conditions are satisfied:
where Tinsp is the inspiration time and Texp is the expiration time.
The simultaneous equations 1 and 2 can be obtained:
let the average value of the flow signal in a single respiratory cycle be F Mean Average flow of total leakage is F Leak Then, according to the average value, the following are defined:
as can be seen from equation 4, the average value of the flow signal can represent the average flow of the total leakage. The method comprises the steps of obtaining the average flow of the total leakage according to the average value of the flow signals, wherein the essence is to ignore flow fluctuation generated in the inspiration and expiration processes, extract a baseline of the flow signals in a certain time period, and the value of the baseline can be approximately represented by the average flow of the total leakage in the time period. Thus, as an implementation, the flow data for at least one breathing cycle may be extracted directly from the flow signal, and the average flow of the total leak may be derived from an average of the flow data for at least one breathing cycle.
In another embodiment, the flow signal may also be filtered to obtain an average flow of total leakage. Methods of filtering include low pass filtering or adaptive filtering. The baseline of the flow signal can be extracted by filtering, and referring to fig. 2, fig. 2 shows the original flow signal and the filtered flow signal. The original flow signal has larger amplitude in the inspiration phase and smaller amplitude in the expiration phase, and the baseline is a positive value deviated from the origin. Taking low-pass filtering as an example, let the original flow signal be F Ori (t) average flow after low-pass filtering is F LPMean (t), the two relationships can be expressed as:
F LPMean (t)＝LP(F Ori (t)) (equation 5)
Where LP denotes a low pass filtering operation. The low pass filtering may suppress the high frequency component of the signal while preserving the low frequency component of the signal. When the cut-off frequency of the low-pass filtering is lower than the ventilation frequency of the ventilation object, flow fluctuation during inspiration and expiration can be regarded as high-frequency disturbance to be restrained; the flow baseline represents the flow change trend, and the low-frequency component belonging to the signal is reserved. Therefore, the baseline extraction method based on low-pass filtering can acquire the average value of flow signals, namely the average flow of total leakage, without depending on the respiratory cycle, so that the calculation of the total leakage can be independently solved independent of the respiratory rhythm.
The average flow of the total leakage can be obtained by filtering or averaging, and in order to monitor the unintentional leakage, the intentional leakage of the interface accessory needs to be obtained, so that the unintentional leakage can be obtained according to the difference between the total leakage and the intentional leakage of the interface accessory. Interface accessories include masks, nasal masks, head masks, etc., where the mask includes a perforated mask or a closed mask with a passive exhalation valve, intentional leakage occurring, for example, at the leak orifice of the mask, etc. Taking a mask with holes as an example, the leakage holes on the mask belong to rigid holes, and the size of the leakage holes is constant, so that the leakage process can be described by a small hole model and the leakage process is provided During ventilation, the pressure on the mask is P Mask (t) its leakage flow rate is F MaskLeak (t). The two satisfy the following relationship:
P Mask (t)＝K*(F MaskLeak (t)) 2 (equation 6)
Where K is the leakage coefficient reflecting the leakage capacity of the mask.
From the above description, it follows that intentional leakage of the interface accessory may be obtained based on the pressure of the interface accessory. Thus, in step S120, the processor invokes a uniquely configured interface accessory 'S pressure-flow correspondence, deriving an intentional leak of the interface accessory based on the pressure signal and the uniquely configured interface accessory' S pressure-flow correspondence. The pressure signal is acquired by a pressure sensor of the medical ventilation equipment in the ventilation process. Pressure sensors are typically provided at the interface fitting for measuring the pressure of the interface fitting. Alternatively, the pressure sensor may also be provided at the device end of the medical ventilator.
The interface accessory belongs to the accessory of the medical ventilation equipment, and most medical ventilation equipment is compatible with the interface accessories of other manufacturers for facilitating clinical use. The shape, size, number and the like of the interface accessories of different manufacturers are different, and the corresponding leakage coefficients are different. In order to accurately estimate the intentional leakage of the interface accessory in the ventilation process, one method is to pre-configure a plurality of pressure-flow corresponding relations corresponding to different manufacturers, before ventilation objects are ventilated by using a certain interface accessory, the type of mask is required to be selected on an operation interface to guide medical ventilation equipment to estimate the intentional leakage of the interface accessory by using the corresponding pressure-flow corresponding relations, the operation flow is complex, and the workload of a user is increased. In addition, in order to adapt to different ventilation objects, the same manufacturer can produce several or even more than ten types of interface accessories, the interface accessory selection interface and the built-in program of the medical ventilation device cannot contain all interface accessory types and the adaptive pressure-flow corresponding relation of intentional leakage, and when the actually used interface accessory type is not contained, the calculation precision of intentional leakage of the interface accessory cannot be ensured.
In order to solve the problems, the method and the device have the advantages that the pressure-flow corresponding relation of intentional leakage corresponding to the unique configuration of the interface accessories of multiple types is preconfigured in the medical ventilation equipment, so that on one hand, a user does not need to select the pressure-flow corresponding relation of intentional leakage applicable to the interface accessories which are currently used, the operation flow is simplified, and on the other hand, the calculation precision of the interface accessories of multiple types can be ensured. The pressure-flow correspondence in the embodiments of the present application may refer to a relationship between the pressure and the flow of the intentional leakage of the interface accessory, a coefficient of the relationship, a pressure-flow curve, a pressure-flow table, and the like. In one embodiment, the uniquely configured intentional leak pressure-flow correspondence is derived from pressure data and intentional leak flow data of the at least one interface accessory and is preconfigured with the medical ventilator. Specifically, the uniquely configured pressure-flow correspondence may be derived from pressure data and intentional leakage flow data of at least two interface accessories, or may be derived from multiple sets of pressure data and intentional leakage flow data of one interface accessory.
Further, the uniquely configured pressure-flow correspondence for intentional leakage of the interface accessory may be fitted from at least two sets of pressure data and intentional leakage flow data of the interface accessory. The at least two sets of pressure data and intentional leakage flow data of the interface accessory may be from different vendors or different models of interface accessories. For example, two sets of pressure data for several interface accessories that are more frequently used clinically and their intentional leakage flow data may be fitted to a curve as an intentional leakage estimation template for all types of interface accessories. Referring to fig. 3, fig. 3 shows the pressure-flow curves of the interface accessories of manufacturer 1, manufacturer 2, manufacturer 3, and manufacturer 4, respectively, and the fitted pressure-flow curves applicable to the various types of interface accessories. The pressure-flow correspondence may be fitted, for example, by a polynomial or any other suitable fitting method.
In one embodiment, the pressure-flow correspondence for intentional leakage of a uniquely configured interface accessory is obtained by a piecewise fit over at least two pressure intervals. Table 1 shows flow data for intentional leaks from masks provided by four manufacturer authorities and flow deviations between intentional leaks from masks from different manufacturers at the same pressure.
TABLE 1
As can be seen from Table 1, when the pressure is small (4-5 cm H2O), the flow deviation of intentional leakage between the masks is large (more than 15%), and when the pressure is large, the flow deviation of intentional leakage between the masks can be controlled within 10%. Thus, the fitting accuracy may be improved by the segmented fitting within at least two pressure intervals.
At the set pressure P, the intentional leakage flow rate of four different interface accessories is F respectively P1 、F P2 、F P3 、F P4 Flow F corresponding to the fitting curve under pressure P Pfit Can be expressed as:
F Pfit ＝K 1 F P1 +K 2 F P2 +K 3 F P3 +K 1 F P4 ，K 1 ,K 2 ,K 3 ,K 4 e (0, 1) (equation 7)
Wherein K is 1 ,K 2 ,K 3 ,K 4 Fitting the weight coefficients. The pressure was divided into two sections of 4-10cmH2O and 10-30cmH2O, and each section was divided into two sections using data points (P, F) Pfit ) Fitting P-F Pfit The equation is as follows:
wherein P (t) is pressure, F Pfit (t) is the fitting flow, K fit1 K is the leakage coefficient at a pressure of 4-10cmH2O fit2 Is the leakage coefficient at a pressure of 10-30cm H2O. The fitting curve corresponding to the formula 3 is shown in fig. 3.
Referring to Table 2, table 2 shows the percentage deviation of the fitting flow rate of the intentional leak of the fitting curve at the interface fitting corresponding to the seven pressure points of 4cmH2O, 5cmH2O, 10cmH2O, 15cmH2O, 20cmH2O, 25cmH2O, 30cmH2O from the official flow rate.
TABLE 2
As shown in table 2, after the segment fitting, the deviation between the official flow of the intentional leakage of the interface accessories published by four manufacturers and the flow obtained according to the fitting curve can be controlled within 5% at most pressure points, the deviation of a small number of pressure points is larger, but can also be controlled within 15%, and the absolute value of the flow deviation is within 3L/min. It can be seen that estimating intentional leakage for all types of interface accessories using a fitted curve can ensure computational accuracy.
Besides obtaining the pressure-flow corresponding relation of the intentional leakage of the interface accessories with the unique configuration by adopting the curve fitting method, the pressure-flow corresponding relation of the intentional leakage of the interface accessories with the unique configuration can be selected from the pressure-flow corresponding relation of the intentional leakage of at least two interface accessories. Specifically, the pressure-flow corresponding relationship of the intentional leakage of at least two kinds of interface accessories can be evaluated in advance, and in the pressure-flow corresponding relationship of the intentional leakage of at least two kinds of interface accessories, only one pressure-flow corresponding relationship which enables the intentional leakage flow errors of a plurality of kinds of interface accessories to meet the preset requirement is selected. Alternatively, the pressure-flow correspondence of the intentional leak of the uniquely configured interface enclosure may be averaged from at least two sets of pressure data and the intentional leak flow data of the interface enclosure.
After the pressure-flow corresponding relation of the intentional leakage of the interface accessory which is configured uniquely is called, the intentional leakage flow of the interface accessory can be calculated according to the called pressure-flow corresponding relation and pressure. Illustratively, if the average flow of the total leakage is obtained in step S110, the average flow of the intentional leakage of the interface accessory is obtained based on the pressure signal and the pressure-flow correspondence in step S120, and the average flow of the unintentional leakage may be obtained based on the difference between the total leakage and the intentional leakage of the interface accessory.
In order to obtain the average flow rate of the intentional leakage of the interface accessory, one way is to first obtain an average pressure according to the pressure signal, and obtain the average flow rate of the intentional leakage of the interface accessory based on the correspondence between the average pressure and the invoked pressure-flow rate. One way to obtain the average pressure from the pressure signal is to filter the pressure signal to obtain the average pressure, where the filtering method includes low-pass filtering or adaptive filtering. Referring to FIG. 4, let the original pressure be P Ori (t) the pressure after low pass filtration is P LPMean (t), the two relationships can be expressed as:
P LPMean (t)＝LP(P Ori (t)) (equation 9)
Where LP denotes a low pass filtering operation. In combination with the pressure-flow correspondence described above, the mean flow F of intentional leakage of the interface accessory MeanMask(t) Can be expressed as:
accordingly, the average flow F of unintended leakage of the interface accessory MeanPatient(t) The method comprises the following steps:
F MeanPatient(t) ＝F LPMean (t)-F MeanMask (t) (equation 11)
Alternatively, when the average pressure is obtained from the pressure signal, pressure data for at least one breathing cycle may also be extracted from the pressure signal, and the average pressure may be obtained from an average of the pressure data for at least one breathing cycle.
Another way to obtain the average flow of the intentional leakage of the interface accessory according to the pressure signal and the pressure-flow correspondence is to obtain the instantaneous flow signal of the intentional leakage of the interface accessory according to the pressure signal and the pressure-flow correspondence, and then obtain the average flow of the intentional leakage of the interface accessory according to the instantaneous flow signal of the intentional leakage of the interface accessory. The intentional leakage transient flow signal of the interface accessory is representative of the intentional leakage transient flow of the interface accessory over time. The method of obtaining the average flow rate of the intentional leakage of the interface accessory according to the instantaneous flow rate signal of the intentional leakage of the interface accessory is similar to the method of obtaining the average flow rate of the total leakage according to the flow rate signal, specifically, one method is to filter the instantaneous flow rate signal of the intentional leakage of the interface accessory to obtain the average flow rate of the intentional leakage of the interface accessory, and the filtering method includes low-pass filtering or adaptive filtering. The filtering method can enable the calculation of intentional leakage of the interface accessory to be independently solved independent of respiratory rhythm. Another method is to extract instantaneous flow data of at least one breathing cycle from an instantaneous flow signal of intentional leakage of the interface accessory, and obtain an average flow of intentional leakage of the interface accessory based on an average value of the extracted instantaneous flow data of the at least one breathing cycle.
In some embodiments, deriving the total leakage based on the flow signal includes deriving an instantaneous flow of the total leakage based on the flow signal; obtaining the intentional leakage of the interface accessory based on the pressure signal and the uniquely configured pressure-flow correspondence of the intentional leakage of the interface accessory includes obtaining an instantaneous flow of the intentional leakage of the interface accessory based on the pressure signal and the pressure-flow correspondence; thereafter, an unintended leakage transient flow signal of the interface accessory is derived based on a difference between the total leaked transient flow and the intended leaked transient flow of the interface accessory. For example, the instantaneous flow of total leakage may be an average flow of total leakage corresponding to each time. After the instantaneous flow signal of the unintended leakage of the interface accessory is obtained, it can be filtered or averaged to obtain the average flow of the unintended leakage of the interface accessory.
After obtaining the total leak and the intentional leak of the interface accessory, the processor obtains an unintentional leak of the interface accessory based on a difference between the total leak and the intentional leak of the interface accessory. In some embodiments, the processor directly treats the difference between the total leakage and the intentional leakage of the interface accessory as an unintentional leakage of the interface accessory, namely:
FLeak patient ＝FLeak total -FLeak mask (equation 12)
In equation 12, FLeak patient Representing unintended leakage of interface accessories, FLeak total Indicating total leakage, FLeak mask Indicating intentional leakage of the interface accessory.
In some embodiments, an exhalation valve is also connected between the vent line and the mouthpiece attachment. The exhalation valve is used as an outlet of noninvasive ventilation and exhalation and is matched with the interface accessory, so that not only can the effective ventilation and comfort of a ventilation object be ensured, but also the exhalation of the ventilation object can be ensured. When the exhalation valve is not connected between the interface accessory and the ventilation pipeline, the difference between the total leakage and the intentional leakage of the interface accessory can be directly used as the unintentional leakage of the interface accessory; when an exhalation valve is connected between the mouthpiece and the ventilation line, the intentional leak includes two parts of the intentional leak of the mouthpiece and the intentional leak of the exhalation valve, so that the intentional leak of the mouthpiece and the intentional leak of the exhalation valve can be subtracted based on the total leak, thereby obtaining an unintentional leak of the mouthpiece, namely:
FLeak patient ＝FLeak total -FLeak expvalve -FLeak mask (equation 13)
Wherein FLeak is expvalve Indicating intentional leakage of the exhalation valve.
Therefore, when an exhalation valve is also connected between the ventilation line and the mouthpiece, the intentional leak of the exhalation valve needs to be calculated in addition to the intentional leak of the mouthpiece. The intentional leakage of the exhalation valve can be calculated according to the pressure signal acquired by the pressure sensor and the pressure-flow correspondence of the intentional leakage of the exhalation valve. In order to improve the accuracy of the calculation, a calibration procedure for the exhalation valve may be performed to obtain a pressure-flow correspondence for the intentional leakage of the exhalation valve, the processor invokes the pressure-flow correspondence for the intentional leakage of the exhalation valve, and obtains the intentional leakage of the exhalation valve based on the pressure signal and the pressure-flow correspondence for the intentional leakage of the exhalation valve.
For example, the calibration procedure for the exhalation valve may be performed prior to use of the medical ventilation device. Specifically, under the condition that the connecting end of the exhalation valve and the interface accessory is closed and the exhaust port of the exhalation valve is opened, the processor controls the control pressure generating device to ventilate under a plurality of set pressures (P1, P2 … PN), and controls the flow rate sensor to acquire flow rates (F1, F2 … FN) corresponding to each set pressure; the processor fits the set pressures and the corresponding flow rates to obtain the pressure-flow rate correspondence of intentional leakage of the exhalation valve.
Since the calibration procedure is only performed when an exhalation valve is connected between the ventilation line and the interface fitting, to obtain an intentional leak of the exhalation valve, the calibration interface of the exhalation valve may be displayed for receiving a selection instruction of whether an exhalation valve is connected between the interface fitting and the ventilation line, before the calibration procedure is performed to obtain a pressure-flow correspondence of the intentional leak of the exhalation valve, to thereby determine whether to initiate the calibration procedure of the exhalation valve. The operation control for starting the calibration program of the exhalation valve is also displayed in the calibration interface of the exhalation valve, and when a selection instruction of the exhalation valve connected between the interface accessory and the ventilation pipeline is received through the calibration interface of the exhalation valve and an operation instruction of the operation control for starting the calibration program of the exhalation valve is received, the calibration program of the exhalation valve is started.
Illustratively, the calibration time and calibration results of the previous execution of the calibration procedure for the exhalation valve are displayed in the calibration interface of the exhalation valve. And displaying calibration prompt information in a calibration interface of the exhalation valve, wherein the calibration prompt information is used for prompting that the connection end of the exhalation valve and the interface accessory is kept closed and the exhaust port of the exhalation valve is kept open in the process of executing a calibration program of the exhalation valve.
In other embodiments, the pressure-flow correspondence of the intentional leakage of the exhalation valve may be derived from the pressure data and the intentional leakage flow data of the at least one exhalation valve, e.g., may be fitted or averaged from the at least two sets of pressure data and the intentional leakage flow data of the exhalation valve. The at least two sets of pressure data and intentional leakage flow data may be from different vendors or different models of interface accessories. Alternatively, the pressure-flow rate correspondence of the intentional leakage of the exhalation valve may be selected from the pressure-flow rate correspondence of at least two exhalation valves, and may be configured in advance in the medical ventilator.
The unintentional leak of the interface accessory may be calculated according to the method described above, and in some embodiments, the calculated unintentional leak of the interface accessory may be directly used as a monitoring parameter, displayed or generated as an alarm when it exceeds a preset threshold. For example, referring to fig. 6, the unintended leakage of the interface accessory may be displayed in the form of a meter graphic that includes a current value of the unintended leakage, an indicator bar for indicating a range of the unintended leakage, and a pointer for pointing to a location of the current value of the unintended leakage within the range. Unintended leakage of the interface accessory may be displayed in a main interface monitor area of the medical ventilator.
In another embodiment, the average flow of unintended leakage from the interface fitting may also be further processed. For example, when the average flow of total leakage and the average flow of intentional leakage are calculated by the filtering method, the flow fluctuation during inspiration and expiration is suppressed to a great extent. The suppression degree of the flow fluctuation is inversely related to the cut-off frequency of the filter, but in order to ensure the accuracy of the average flow, the cut-off frequency of the filter is not lower and better, so that the filtered flow and pressure still keep little rhythm information, and small fluctuation occurs along with the respiratory cycle. Therefore, in order to ensure the stability of the monitoring parameters, a proper time window can be selected to carry out superposition average treatment on the average flow of unintended leakage.
Specifically, the average flow of unintended leakage in the previous second preset time is obtained every first preset time, and the length of the first preset time is smaller than that of the second preset time. Averaging the average flow of at least two unintended leaks to obtain unintended leakage monitoring data, comparing the unintended leakage monitoring data with a preset threshold, and generating prompt information when the unintended leakage monitoring data exceeds the preset threshold. Referring to fig. 5, taking the first preset time as 20s and the second preset time as 1min as an example, calculating an average flow flpmean event of unintended leakage in the previous 1min every 20s, wherein the average value MVLeakPatient, MVLeakPatient = MeanSUM (FMeanPatient) of a plurality of flpmean events is used as the monitoring data of unintended leakage, and when the average value is more than a preset threshold, alarm information is generated. The plurality of flpmean events are a plurality of flpmean events obtained in a parameter refresh time, and the parameter refresh time may be a second preset time, which is 1min in the example of fig. 5.
For example, the length of the first preset time and the second preset time may be adjusted in real time according to the breathing state of the ventilation subject. The breathing state of the ventilation object comprises the breathing rhythm and the breathing stability of the ventilation object, and when the breathing rhythm of the ventilation object is faster or the breathing is unstable, the lengths of the first preset time and the second preset time can be properly reduced in order to ensure the real-time performance of the monitoring parameters; when the breathing rhythm of the ventilated subject is slow and the breath is relatively smooth, the length of the first preset time and the second preset time may be appropriately increased in order to increase the stability of the monitored parameter.
In an embodiment, invoking a pre-configured pressure-flow correspondence for intentional leakage of the interface accessory comprises: the step of invoking the pre-configured pressure-flow correspondence of the intentional leakage of the interface accessory is not based on a direct operational behavior of the medical ventilator device by the user. In this embodiment, the direct operation of the medical ventilator by the user refers to a behavior that the user directly operates the medical ventilator to select and invoke the pressure-flow correspondence. In this embodiment, the invoking of the pressure-flow corresponding relation of the intentional leakage of the interface accessory is not performed by the direct operation of the user, and no subjective action of the user is required, so that the operation of the user can be simplified, and it is possible to implement that the device automatically executes invoking of the pressure-flow corresponding relation of the preconfigured interface accessory to perform the leakage calculation.
Based on the above description, the method 100 for monitoring ventilation leakage of a medical ventilation device according to the embodiment of the present application is configured with a unique pressure-flow correspondence of intentional leakage to correspond to multiple types of interface accessories, and the intentional leakage of the interface accessories is obtained according to the uniquely configured pressure-flow correspondence of intentional leakage applicable to multiple types of interface accessories, without selecting an applicable pressure-flow correspondence by a user; after the intentional leakage and the total leakage are obtained, the unintentional leakage of the interface accessory is obtained based on the difference between the total leakage and the intentional leakage of the interface accessory, so that the automatic monitoring of the unintentional leakage is realized, and the medical staff can be guided by the unintentional leakage to adjust the wearing tightness of the interface accessory.
Referring to fig. 7, another aspect of an embodiment of the present application provides a method 700 for monitoring ventilation leaks of a medical ventilator. The medical ventilation equipment comprises a pressure generating device, a pressure sensor, a flow sensor and a processor, wherein the pressure generating device is used for being communicated with a ventilation pipeline so as to convey gas with set pressure or set flow to a ventilation object through the ventilation pipeline, the ventilation pipeline comprises an interface accessory worn at a breathing part of the ventilation object, and the processor is used for controlling the pressure generating device to generate the gas with set pressure or set flow. The pressure sensor is arranged at the interface accessory or at the equipment end of the medical ventilation equipment and is used for measuring the pressure at the interface accessory or at the equipment end. The method 700 for monitoring ventilation leaks of a medical ventilation device specifically includes the steps of:
In step S710, a flow signal acquired by the flow sensor is acquired, and total leakage is obtained based on the flow signal;
in step S720, a pressure signal acquired by the pressure sensor is acquired;
in step S730, the processor invokes a first pressure-flow correspondence of intentional leakage of a preconfigured interface accessory and obtains a first intentional leakage of the interface accessory worn at the ventilation subject breathing site based on the pressure signal and the first pressure-flow correspondence; and deriving an unintended leakage of the interface accessory based on a difference between the total leakage and the intended leakage;
in step S740, during ventilation of the medical ventilation device, acquiring a second pressure-flow correspondence of intentional leakage of the interface accessory, the second pressure-flow correspondence being different from the first pressure-flow correspondence;
in step S750, the processor invokes the second pressure-flow correspondence of intentional leakage, obtains intentional leakage of the interface accessory worn at the ventilation subject breathing site based on the pressure signal and the second pressure-flow correspondence, and obtains unintentional leakage of the interface accessory based on a difference between the total leakage and intentional leakage of the interface accessory.
According to the method 700 for monitoring ventilation leakage of the medical ventilation device, the pressure-flow correspondence of intentional leakage of at least two interface accessories is preconfigured in the medical ventilation device, and the pressure-flow correspondence can be switched in the ventilation process, so that the applied pressure-flow correspondence of intentional leakage of the interface accessories meets the current requirement, and the accuracy of unintentional leakage monitoring of the interface accessories is improved.
In some embodiments, the pressure-flow correspondence may be automatically switched by a processor of the medical ventilator. For example, the ventilation status of the ventilation subject may be monitored, and the second pressure-flow correspondence may be automatically selected based on the ventilation status of the ventilation subject. When the pressure-flow corresponding relation of intentional leakage of at least two interface accessories is configured, the ventilation state applicable to the pressure-flow corresponding relation of intentional leakage of each interface accessory can be predetermined, so that a second pressure-flow corresponding relation is automatically selected according to the ventilation state of a ventilation object in the ventilation process. In some embodiments, the switching of the pressure-flow correspondence may also be performed manually by the user. Specifically, during ventilation of the medical ventilation device, a selective instruction of the second pressure-flow corresponding relation of intentional leakage input by a user is acquired and responded, so that the second pressure-flow corresponding relation is obtained.
The first pressure-flow corresponding relation or the second pressure-flow corresponding relation may refer to a relation between the pressure and the flow of the intentional leakage of the interface accessory, a coefficient of the relation, a pressure-flow curve, a pressure-flow table, and the like.
In some embodiments, the first pressure-flow correspondence or the second pressure-flow correspondence is derived from pressure data of the at least one interface fitting and intentional leakage flow data, respectively, and is pre-configured with the medical ventilator. Specifically, the first pressure-flow correspondence relationship or the second pressure-flow correspondence relationship may be obtained according to pressure data and deliberately leaked flow data of at least two interface accessories, or may be obtained according to multiple sets of pressure data and deliberately leaked flow data of one interface accessory.
Further, the first pressure-flow correspondence or the second pressure-flow correspondence may be fitted from at least two sets of pressure data and intentional leakage flow data of the interface accessory. The at least two sets of pressure data and intentional leakage flow data of the interface accessory may be from different vendors or different models of interface accessories. For example, two sets of pressure data of several interface accessories that are more frequently used clinically and the deliberately leaked flow data thereof can be fitted into a curve as the first pressure-flow correspondence or the second pressure-flow correspondence. For example, the first pressure-flow correspondence or the second pressure-flow correspondence may be fitted by a polynomial or any other suitable fitting method.
In one embodiment, the first pressure-flow correspondence or the second pressure-flow correspondence is obtained by piecewise fitting over at least two pressure intervals. When the pressure is smaller, the flow deviation of intentional leakage between the interface accessories is larger, and when the pressure is larger, the flow deviation of intentional leakage between the interface accessories is smaller. Thus, the fitting accuracy may be improved by the segmented fitting within at least two pressure intervals.
Besides the first pressure-flow corresponding relation or the second pressure-flow corresponding relation obtained by adopting the curve fitting method, the first pressure-flow corresponding relation or the second pressure-flow corresponding relation can also be selected from the pressure-flow corresponding relation of intentional leakage of at least two interface accessories. Specifically, the pressure-flow corresponding relationship of the intentional leakage of at least two kinds of interface accessories may be evaluated in advance, and in the pressure-flow corresponding relationship of the intentional leakage of at least two kinds of interface accessories, a first pressure-flow corresponding relationship or a second pressure-flow corresponding relationship which enables the intentional leakage flow errors of multiple kinds of interface accessories to meet the preset requirements may be selected. Alternatively, the first pressure-flow correspondence or the second pressure-flow correspondence may be averaged from at least two sets of pressure data and intentional leakage flow data of the interface accessory.
In one embodiment, deriving the total leakage based on the flow signal includes deriving an average flow of the total leakage based on the flow signal. The method further comprises obtaining intentional leakage of the interface accessory based on the pressure signal and the first pressure-flow correspondence or the second pressure-flow correspondence, including obtaining an average flow of intentional leakage of the interface accessory based on the pressure signal and the first pressure-flow correspondence or the second pressure-flow correspondence. The unintended leakage of the interface accessory is obtained based on a difference between the total leakage and the intended leakage of the interface accessory, including obtaining an average flow of unintended leakage of the interface accessory as unintended leakage of the interface accessory based on a difference between an average flow of the total leakage and an average flow of the intended leakage.
Wherein deriving the total leakage based on the flow signal comprises: the flow signal is filtered to obtain an average flow of the total leakage, as the total leakage, the filtering including low pass filtering or adaptive filtering. Alternatively, deriving the total leakage based on the flow signal includes: extracting flow data for at least one respiratory cycle from the flow signal; and obtaining the average flow of the total leakage according to the average value of the flow data of at least one breathing cycle as the total leakage.
Illustratively, deriving the average flow of the intentional leak based on the pressure signal and the first pressure-flow correspondence or the second pressure-flow correspondence includes: and filtering the pressure signal to obtain average pressure, and obtaining the average flow of intentional leakage according to the average pressure and the first pressure-flow corresponding relation or the second pressure-flow corresponding relation, wherein the filtering comprises low-pass filtering or adaptive filtering. Alternatively, deriving the average flow of the intentional leak based on the pressure signal and the first pressure-flow correspondence or the second pressure-flow correspondence includes: extracting pressure data of at least one breathing cycle from the pressure signal, and obtaining average pressure according to an average value of the pressure data of the at least one breathing cycle; and obtaining the average flow of intentional leakage according to the average pressure and the first pressure-flow corresponding relation or the second pressure-flow corresponding relation.
Or, obtaining the average flow of the intentional leak based on the pressure signal and the first pressure-flow correspondence or the second pressure-flow correspondence, including: obtaining an intentional leakage instantaneous flow signal according to the pressure signal and the first pressure-flow corresponding relation or the second pressure-flow corresponding relation; the intentionally leaked instantaneous flow signal is filtered to obtain an intentionally leaked average flow, and the filtering includes low-pass filtering or adaptive filtering.
Or, obtaining the average flow of the intentional leak based on the pressure signal and the first pressure-flow correspondence or the second pressure-flow correspondence, including: obtaining an intentional leakage instantaneous flow signal according to the pressure signal and the first pressure-flow corresponding relation or the second pressure-flow corresponding relation; extracting instantaneous flow data for at least one respiratory cycle from the intentionally leaked instantaneous flow signal; the average flow of the intentional leak is derived from an average of instantaneous flow data of at least one respiratory cycle extracted from the instantaneous flow signal of the intentional leak.
Further, obtaining an average flow of unintended leakage of the interface accessory within a previous second preset time every first preset time, wherein the length of the first preset time is smaller than that of the second preset time; averaging the average flow of at least two unintended leaks to obtain unintended leakage monitoring data, comparing the unintended leakage monitoring data with a preset threshold, and generating prompt information when the unintended leakage monitoring data exceeds the preset threshold. The length of the first preset time and/or the second preset time can be adjusted in real time according to the breathing state of the ventilation object.
In another embodiment, deriving the total leakage based on the flow signal includes: the instantaneous flow of the total leak is obtained based on the flow signal. Obtaining the intentional leak of the interface accessory based on the pressure signal and the first pressure-flow correspondence or the second pressure-flow correspondence, comprising: obtaining the instantaneous flow of the intentional leakage based on the pressure signal and the first pressure-flow correspondence or the second pressure-flow correspondence; obtaining an unintended leakage of the interface accessory based on a difference between the total leakage and the intended leakage, comprising: based on the difference between the total leaked instantaneous flow and the intentionally leaked instantaneous flow, an unintended leakage instantaneous flow signal is obtained.
In some embodiments, the ventilation circuit further comprises an exhalation valve, and the method 700 for monitoring the medical ventilator for ventilation leaks further comprises: executing a calibration procedure for the exhalation valve to obtain a pressure-flow correspondence for intentional leakage of the exhalation valve; the processor invokes the pressure-flow correspondence of the intentional leakage of the exhalation valve and obtains the intentional leakage of the exhalation valve based on the pressure-flow correspondence of the intentional leakage of the exhalation valve; the processor obtains an unintended leakage of the interface accessory based on the total leakage minus the intended leakage of the interface accessory.
Based on the above description, the method 100 for monitoring ventilation leakage of a medical ventilator according to the embodiment of the present application is configured with at least two pressure-flow correspondence of intentional leakage of an interface accessory, and the first pressure-flow correspondence or the second pressure-flow correspondence may be selected as needed to obtain intentional leakage of the interface accessory; after the intentional leakage and the total leakage are obtained, the unintentional leakage of the interface accessory is obtained based on the difference between the total leakage and the intentional leakage of the interface accessory, so that the automatic monitoring of the unintentional leakage is realized, and the medical staff can be guided by the unintentional leakage to adjust the wearing tightness of the interface accessory.
Referring to fig. 8, another aspect of an embodiment of the present application provides a method 800 for monitoring ventilation leaks of a medical ventilator. The medical ventilation equipment comprises a pressure generating device, a pressure sensor, a flow sensor and a processor, wherein the pressure generating device is used for being communicated with a ventilation pipeline so as to convey gas with set pressure or set flow to a ventilation object through the ventilation pipeline, the ventilation pipeline comprises an interface accessory worn at a breathing part of the ventilation object, and the processor is used for controlling the pressure generating device to generate the gas with set pressure or set flow. The pressure sensor is arranged at the interface accessory or at the equipment end of the medical ventilation equipment and is used for measuring the pressure at the interface accessory or at the equipment end. The method 800 for monitoring ventilation leaks of a medical ventilation device specifically includes the steps of:
In step S810, a calibration procedure for the exhalation valve is performed to obtain a pressure-flow correspondence for intentional leakage of the exhalation valve;
in step S820, a flow signal acquired by the flow sensor is acquired, and total leakage is obtained based on the flow signal;
in step S830, a pressure signal acquired by the pressure sensor is acquired;
in step S840, the processor obtains an intentional leak of the exhalation valve based on the pressure signal and a pressure-flow correspondence of the intentional leak of the exhalation valve;
in step S850, the processor obtains an unintended leakage of the interface accessory based on a difference between the total leakage and the intended leakage of the exhalation valve.
According to the method 800 for monitoring ventilation leakage of the medical ventilation device, an accurate pressure-flow corresponding relation of intentional leakage of the exhalation valve is obtained through executing a calibration procedure of the exhalation valve, the intentional leakage of the exhalation valve is obtained according to the pressure-flow corresponding relation of intentional leakage of the exhalation valve, and then unintentional leakage of an interface accessory is obtained according to the difference between total leakage and intentional leakage of the exhalation valve, so that automatic monitoring of unintentional leakage is achieved.
The use of interface attachments during mechanical ventilation includes both intentionally leaked interface attachments and unintentionally leaked interface attachments; the use of exhalation valves includes both exhalation valves and non-exhalation valves, and the expression of unintended leakage of the corresponding interface accessories includes the following:
When an intentionally leaking interface fitting is used and an exhalation valve is not used, the FLeak is unintentionally leaked patient ＝FLeak total -FLeak mask Wherein FLeak is total For total leakage, FLeak mask Intentional leakage for interface accessories;
when using an interface accessory without intentional leakage, using an exhalation valve, FLeak is unintentionally leaked patient ＝FLeak total -FLeak expvalve Wherein FLeak is expvalve Intentional leakage for exhalation valves;
when using an interface accessory with intentional leakage, using an exhalation valve, the FLeak is unintentionally leaked patient ＝FLeak total -FLeak expvalve -FLeak mask 。
Thus, when using an exhalation valve, the intentional leak of the exhalation valve needs to be subtracted from the total leak when calculating the unintentional leak, and the pressure-flow correspondence between the intentional leak of the exhalation valve and the pressure signal needs to be obtained by performing a calibration procedure on the exhalation valve to ensure that the pressure-flow correspondence of the intentional leak of the exhalation valve matches the currently used exhalation valve.
In particular, when performing a calibration procedure for the exhalation valve, it is necessary to keep the connection end of the exhalation valve to the mouthpiece fitting closed and the exhaust port of the exhalation valve open. At this time, the gas in the ventilation line leaks entirely through the exhaust port of the exhalation valve, and therefore the flow rate measured by the flow rate sensor is the flow rate of intentional leakage of the exhaust port of the exhalation valve. The processor of the medical ventilation device controls the pressure generating device to ventilate at a plurality of set pressures (P1, P2 … PN), and controls the flow rate sensor to acquire a flow rate (F1, F2 … FN) corresponding to each set pressure. And then, the processor fits the set pressures and the corresponding flow rates thereof to obtain a pressure-flow rate corresponding relation of intentional leakage of the exhalation valve, and the pressure-flow rate corresponding relation can accurately represent the corresponding relation between the pressure in the ventilation pipeline and the intentional leakage flow rate of the exhalation valve.
Since the intentional leak of the exhalation valve is only calculated if an exhalation valve is connected between the interface fitting and the ventilation line, a calibration interface for the exhalation valve as shown in fig. 9 may also be displayed for receiving a selection instruction for whether an exhalation valve is connected between the interface fitting and the ventilation line, before performing a calibration procedure for the exhalation valve to obtain a pressure-flow correspondence of the intentional leak of the exhalation valve, the user may select whether an exhalation valve is connected or not via the unit 920. Executing a calibration procedure of the exhalation valve when receiving a selection instruction of the exhalation valve connected between the interface accessory and the ventilation pipeline through a calibration interface of the exhalation valve, so as to obtain a pressure-flow correspondence of intentional leakage of the exhalation valve; otherwise, the calibration procedure of the exhalation valve is not required. When selecting whether an exhalation valve is connected, the types of the exhalation valves such as a side hole valve, a mute valve or a platform valve may not be distinguished.
In addition, an operation control 910 for starting a calibration program of the exhalation valve is also displayed in the calibration interface of the exhalation valve, and a user can click the operation control 910 after connecting the ventilation pipeline and the exhalation valve as required and blocking the connection end of the exhalation valve and the interface accessory; the processor, upon receiving an operation command to the operation control 910, initiates a calibration procedure for the exhalation valve.
For example, the user may also choose not to perform the calibration procedure for the exhalation valve, and the processor may invoke the pressure-flow correspondence of the intentional leak of the exhalation valve resulting from the previous execution of the calibration procedure for the exhalation valve during ventilation to obtain the intentional leak of the exhalation valve. The same department in a hospital is typically a batch purchasing of accessories, so that one department will use the same type of exhalation valve of the same manufacturer for a period of time. If the manufacturer and type of the exhalation valve are unchanged, the pressure-flow correspondence of the intentional leak of the exhalation valve is not substantially changed, so that the user does not need to recalibrate the exhalation valve each time after performing a calibration procedure of the exhalation valve. The user may perform the calibration procedure of the exhalation valve only when the manufacturer or type of exhalation valve is replaced. In some embodiments, the calibration time and the calibration result of the calibration procedure of the exhalation valve performed last time may also be displayed in the calibration interface of the exhalation valve, so that the user may refer to whether to re-perform the calibration procedure of the exhalation valve this time.
In some embodiments, the calibration interface of the exhalation valve may further display calibration prompt information 930, where the calibration prompt information is used to prompt that the exhalation valve is connected during the process of executing the calibration procedure of the exhalation valve, keep the connection end of the exhalation valve and the interface accessory closed, and keep the exhaust port of the exhalation valve open. Calibration hints 930 may include text hints and graphical hints for specific visualizations.
As described above, when the interface accessory is an interface accessory having intentional leakage, the intentional leakage of the interface accessory also needs to be subtracted from the total leakage when the unintentional leakage of the interface accessory is calculated. The calibration interface of the exhalation valve is also used to receive a selection instruction of the type of interface accessories, including those that are purposely compromised or those that are not purposely compromised. When a selection instruction of the interface accessory with the intentional leakage type is received through a calibration interface of the exhalation valve, the processor calls the pressure-flow corresponding relation of the intentional leakage of the interface accessory, and the intentional leakage of the interface accessory is obtained based on the pressure signal and the pressure-flow corresponding relation of the intentional leakage of the interface accessory; the processor obtains an unintended leakage of the interface fitting based on the total leakage minus the intended leakage of the exhalation valve. Wherein the purposeful leak pressure-flow correspondence of the interface accessory may be applicable to various types of interface accessories.
With continued reference to fig. 9, the user may select the type of interface accessory through a unit 940 in the calibration interface of the exhalation valve. Wherein the oral nasal mask with vent and cannula/tracheostomy tube are purposely leaky interface attachments. The mouth-nose mask without vent holes is an interface accessory without intentional leakage. In addition, interface accessories of which clinic is less adopted can be unified into one type, and the intentional leakage of the interface accessories is not easy to obtain, so that when the interface accessories of the type are selected, only total leakage monitoring can be supported, and intentional leakage monitoring is not supported. When the interface accessory type is selected as "other" or the exhalation valve fails to calibrate, or other conditions occur where unintended leaks cannot be calculated, an inability to monitor for unintended leaks may be prompted in the exhalation valve calibration interface.
In addition, the calibration interface of the exhalation valve may also be provided with constraints to reduce clinical mishandling. For example, when a selection instruction of the interface accessory with the type of the interface accessory being unintentional leakage is received through the calibration interface of the exhalation valve, the exhalation valve is fixedly arranged between the interface accessory and the ventilation pipeline, and the user is not allowed to select to not use the exhalation valve, so that the user is reminded that the exhalation valve must be connected for use under the current interface accessory type.
In some embodiments, the exhalation valve and interface accessories may also be calibrated as a whole. In this embodiment, the outlet of the mouthpiece may be kept closed during calibration, for example, after the exhalation valve is attached, the mouthpiece to which the exhalation valve is attached is pressed against a table top to seal the mouthpiece; or providing a model similar to a human face, buckling the interface accessory on the model, and ensuring that the interface accessory is attached and sealed with the model. With the outlet of the mouthpiece closed, no unintended leakage of the mouthpiece, the flow sensor measures the unintended leakage of the mouthpiece as a whole with the exhalation valve. The processor of the medical ventilation equipment controls the pressure generating device to ventilate under a plurality of set pressures, controls the flow rate sensor to acquire the flow rate corresponding to each set pressure, and fits the set pressures and the flow rates corresponding to the set pressures, so that the pressure-flow rate corresponding relation of intentional leakage of the interface accessory and the whole exhalation valve can be obtained.
In one embodiment, the total leak, the intentional leak of the exhalation valve, and the unintentional leak are all average flow. Specifically, deriving the total leakage based on the flow signal includes deriving an average flow of the total leakage based on the flow signal; deriving the intentional leak of the exhalation valve based on the pressure signal and the pressure-flow correspondence of the intentional leak of the exhalation valve includes: obtaining an average flow of intentional leakage of the exhalation valve based on the pressure signal and the pressure-flow correspondence of the intentional leakage of the exhalation valve; the method further includes obtaining an unintended leakage of the interface fitting based on a difference between the total leakage and the intended leakage of the exhalation valve, including obtaining an unintended leakage of the interface fitting based on a difference between an average flow of the total leakage and an average flow of the intended leakage of the exhalation valve, as the unintended leakage of the interface fitting.
Wherein the average pressure can be obtained by filtering or averaging, etc. For example, the pressure signal may be filtered to obtain an average pressure, the filtering including low pass filtering or adaptive filtering; alternatively, pressure data for at least one breathing cycle is extracted from the pressure signal, and an average pressure is obtained from an average of the pressure data for the at least one breathing cycle. After the average pressure is obtained, the average flow of the intentional leakage of the exhalation valve is obtained according to the corresponding relation between the average pressure and the pressure-flow of the intentional leakage of the exhalation valve.
In some embodiments, the instantaneous flow signal of the intentional leak of the exhalation valve may be derived from the pressure signal and the pressure-flow correspondence of the intentional leak of the exhalation valve. Filtering the instantaneous flow signal of the intentional leakage of the exhalation valve to obtain the average flow of the intentional leakage of the exhalation valve, wherein the filtering comprises low-pass filtering or adaptive filtering; alternatively, instantaneous flow data for at least one respiratory cycle is extracted from the instantaneous flow signal for intentional leakage of the exhalation valve, and the average flow for the intentional leakage of the exhalation valve is derived from an average of the instantaneous flow data for at least one respiratory cycle extracted from the instantaneous flow signal for intentional leakage of the exhalation valve.
In other embodiments, the total leak, intentional leak of the exhalation valve, and unintentional leak are all instantaneous flow. Specifically, deriving the total leakage based on the flow signal includes deriving an instantaneous flow of the total leakage based on the flow signal; obtaining intentional leakage of the exhalation valve based on a pressure-flow correspondence of the pressure signal and the intentional leakage of the exhalation valve, including obtaining an instantaneous flow of the intentional leakage of the exhalation valve based on a pressure-flow correspondence of the pressure signal and the intentional leakage of the exhalation valve; obtaining an unintended leak of the interface accessory based on a difference between the total leak and the intended leak of the exhalation valve, comprising: based on the difference between the total leaked instantaneous flow and the deliberately leaked instantaneous flow of the exhalation valve, an unintended leakage instantaneous flow signal of the interface accessory is obtained.
Based on the above description, the method 100 for monitoring ventilation leakage of a medical ventilator according to the embodiment of the present application is configured with at least two pressure-flow correspondence of intentional leakage of an interface accessory, and the first pressure-flow correspondence or the second pressure-flow correspondence may be selected as needed to obtain intentional leakage of the interface accessory; after the intentional leakage and the total leakage are obtained, the unintentional leakage of the interface accessory is obtained based on the difference between the total leakage and the intentional leakage of the interface accessory, so that the automatic monitoring of the unintentional leakage is realized, and the medical staff can be guided by the unintentional leakage to adjust the wearing tightness of the interface accessory.
Referring to fig. 10, another aspect of an embodiment of the present application provides a method 1000 for monitoring ventilation leaks of a medical ventilator. The medical ventilation equipment comprises a pressure generating device, a pressure sensor, a flow sensor and a processor, wherein the pressure generating device is used for being communicated with a ventilation pipeline so as to convey gas with set pressure or set flow to a ventilation object through the ventilation pipeline, the ventilation pipeline comprises an interface accessory worn at a breathing part of the ventilation object, and the processor is used for controlling the pressure generating device to generate the gas with set pressure or set flow. The pressure sensor is arranged at the interface accessory or at the equipment end of the medical ventilation equipment and is used for measuring the pressure at the interface accessory or at the equipment end. The method 1000 for monitoring ventilation leaks of a medical ventilation device specifically includes the steps of:
In step S1010, a flow signal acquired by a flow sensor is acquired, and total leakage is obtained based on the flow signal;
in step S1020, acquiring a pressure signal acquired by a pressure sensor, calling a preset pressure-flow correspondence of intentional leakage of the interface accessory, and obtaining intentional leakage of the interface accessory based on the pressure signal and the pressure-flow correspondence, wherein the pressure-flow correspondence is applicable to various types of interface accessories;
in step S1030, an unintended leakage of the interface accessory is obtained based on a difference between the total leakage and the intended leakage of the interface accessory.
The method 1000 for monitoring ventilation leakage of a medical ventilation device in the embodiment of the present application is configured with a pressure-flow corresponding relation applicable to intentional leakage of multiple types of interface accessories in advance in the medical ventilation device, and the intentional leakage of the interface accessories is obtained according to the pressure-flow corresponding relation applicable to intentional leakage of multiple types of interface accessories, without selecting the applicable pressure-flow corresponding relation by a user; after the intentional leakage and the total leakage are obtained, the unintentional leakage of the interface accessory is obtained based on the difference between the total leakage and the intentional leakage of the interface accessory, so that the automatic monitoring of the unintentional leakage is realized, and the medical staff can be guided by the unintentional leakage to adjust the wearing tightness of the interface accessory. The pressure-flow correspondence configured in the medical ventilation device for intentional leakage of multiple types of interface accessories may be at least one. For more specific details of the method 1000 for monitoring medical ventilator ventilation leakage of embodiments of the present application, reference may be made to the related description of the method 100 for monitoring medical ventilator ventilation leakage.
Referring to fig. 11, the embodiment of the application further provides a medical ventilation device, which includes a medical device with ventilation function such as a respirator, an anesthesia machine, an oxygen therapy machine, and the like. Medical ventilators are used to replace, control, or alter the physiological respiration of a ventilated subject, improve the respiratory function of the ventilated subject and reduce the respiratory consumption of the ventilated subject by increasing the lung ventilation. The medical ventilator 1100 may be used to implement the method of monitoring medical ventilator ventilation leaks 100, the method of monitoring medical ventilator ventilation leaks 700, the method of monitoring medical ventilator ventilation leaks 800, or the method of monitoring medical ventilator ventilation leaks 1000 described above, only the primary functions of the medical ventilator 1100 being described below, and additional details may be found above.
As shown in fig. 11, the medical ventilator 1100 includes a pressure generating device 1110, a pressure sensor 1120, a flow sensor 1130, and a processor 1140, the pressure generating device 1110 being configured to communicate with a ventilation line configured to be connected to a mouthpiece accessory worn at a breathing site of a subject to be ventilated to deliver a set pressure or a set flow of gas to the subject through the ventilation line and the mouthpiece accessory. In some embodiments, an exhalation valve is also connected between the vent line and the mouthpiece attachment. The pressure generating device 1110 includes a turbine, a gas cylinder, and the like. Interface accessories include face masks, nose masks, head masks, and the like. Pressure sensor 1120 is used to measure pressure at the interface fitting, and flow sensor 1130 is used to measure gas flow within the ventilation circuit, in one example, pressure sensor 1120 is provided at the interface fitting, and flow sensor 1130 is provided at the device end of the medical ventilation device; in other examples, pressure sensor 1120 may also be disposed at the device end of the medical ventilator device.
Pressure sensor 1120 and flow sensor 1130 are communicatively coupled to processor 1140 and send measured signals to processor 1140. The processor 1140 is used to control the pressure generating device to generate a set pressure or a set flow of gas, and is further used to perform the method 100 of monitoring medical ventilator ventilation leaks, the method 700 of monitoring medical ventilator ventilation leaks, the method 800 of monitoring medical ventilator ventilation leaks, or the method 1000 of monitoring medical ventilator ventilation leaks described above to monitor for unintended leaks arising from interface accessories and the contact surface of the subject to be ventilated. Further details of the method 100 of monitoring medical ventilator ventilation leaks, the method 700 of monitoring medical ventilator ventilation leaks, the method 800 of monitoring medical ventilator ventilation leaks, or the method 1000 of monitoring medical ventilator ventilation leaks may be found above and are not described in detail herein.
The medical ventilator 1100 of the present embodiments enables automatic monitoring of unintended leaks of the interface accessory, guiding healthcare personnel to adjust the tightness of the interface accessory wear.
Although the illustrative embodiments have been described herein with reference to the accompanying drawings, it is to be understood that the above illustrative embodiments are merely illustrative and are not intended to limit the scope of the present application thereto. Various changes and modifications may be made therein by one of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the present application. All such changes and modifications are intended to be included within the scope of the present application as set forth in the appended claims.
Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the various illustrative elements and algorithm steps described in connection with the embodiments disclosed herein may be implemented as electronic hardware, or combinations of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether such functionality is implemented as hardware or software depends upon the particular application and design constraints imposed on the solution. Skilled artisans may implement the described functionality in varying ways for each particular application, but such implementation decisions should not be interpreted as causing a departure from the scope of the present application.
In the several embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed apparatus and method may be implemented in other ways. For example, the above-described device embodiments are merely illustrative, e.g., the division of the elements is merely a logical functional division, and there may be additional divisions when actually implemented, e.g., multiple elements or components may be combined or integrated into another device, or some features may be omitted or not performed.
In the description provided herein, numerous specific details are set forth. However, it is understood that embodiments of the present application may be practiced without these specific details. In some instances, well-known methods, structures and techniques have not been shown in detail in order not to obscure an understanding of this description.
Similarly, it should be appreciated that in order to streamline the application and aid in understanding one or more of the various inventive aspects, various features of the application are sometimes grouped together in a single embodiment, figure, or description thereof in the description of exemplary embodiments of the application. However, the method of this application should not be construed to reflect the following intent: i.e., the claimed application requires more features than are expressly recited in each claim. Rather, as the following claims reflect, inventive aspects lie in less than all features of a single disclosed embodiment. Thus, the claims following the detailed description are hereby expressly incorporated into this detailed description, with each claim standing on its own as a separate embodiment of this application.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that all of the features disclosed in this specification (including any accompanying claims, abstract and drawings), and all of the processes or units of any method or apparatus so disclosed, may be combined in any combination, except combinations where the features are mutually exclusive. Each feature disclosed in this specification (including any accompanying claims, abstract and drawings), may be replaced by alternative features serving the same, equivalent or similar purpose, unless expressly stated otherwise.
Furthermore, those skilled in the art will appreciate that while some embodiments described herein include some features but not others included in other embodiments, combinations of features of different embodiments are meant to be within the scope of the present application and form different embodiments. For example, in the claims, any of the claimed embodiments may be used in any combination.
Various component embodiments of the present application may be implemented in hardware, or in software modules running on one or more processors, or in a combination thereof. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that some or all of the functions of some of the modules according to embodiments of the present application may be implemented in practice using a microprocessor or Digital Signal Processor (DSP). The present application may also be embodied as device programs (e.g., computer programs and computer program products) for performing part or all of the methods described herein. Such a program embodying the present application may be stored on a computer readable medium, or may have the form of one or more signals. Such signals may be downloaded from an internet website, provided on a carrier signal, or provided in any other form.
It should be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments illustrate rather than limit the application, and that those skilled in the art will be able to design alternative embodiments without departing from the scope of the appended claims. In the claims, any reference signs placed between parentheses shall not be construed as limiting the claim. The application may be implemented by means of hardware comprising several distinct elements, and by means of a suitably programmed computer. In the unit claims enumerating several means, several of these means may be embodied by one and the same item of hardware. The use of the words first, second, third, etc. do not denote any order. These words may be interpreted as names.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of specific embodiments of the present application and the scope of the present application is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can easily think about changes or substitutions within the technical scope of the present application, and the changes or substitutions are intended to be covered by the scope of the present application. The protection scope of the present application shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (52)
1. A method for monitoring ventilation leakage of a medical ventilator comprising a pressure generating device for communication with a ventilation line for connection to an interface fitting worn at a respiratory site of a ventilated subject for delivering a set pressure or set flow of gas to the ventilated subject through the ventilation line and the interface fitting, a pressure sensor, a flow sensor, and a processor for controlling the pressure generating device to generate the set pressure or set flow of gas, the medical ventilator being configured with a unique deliberately leaked pressure-flow correspondence to correspond to a plurality of types of interface fittings that may be worn at the respiratory site of the ventilated subject, the method comprising:
Acquiring a flow signal acquired by the flow sensor, and acquiring total leakage based on the flow signal;
acquiring a pressure signal acquired by the pressure sensor;
the processor invokes a pressure-flow correspondence of intentional leakage of a uniquely configured interface accessory and obtains intentional leakage of the interface accessory worn by the ventilation subject breathing site based on the pressure signal and the pressure-flow correspondence of intentional leakage of the uniquely configured interface accessory;
the processor obtains an unintended leakage of the interface accessory based on a difference between the total leakage and the intended leakage of the interface accessory.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the purposeful leak pressure-flow correspondence for the uniquely configured interface accessory is derived from pressure data and purposeful leak flow data for at least one interface accessory and is pre-configured with the medical ventilator.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the uniquely configured pressure-flow correspondence for intentional leakage of the interface accessory is fitted from at least two sets of pressure data and intentional leakage flow data of the interface accessory or the uniquely configured pressure-flow correspondence for intentional leakage of the interface accessory is averaged from at least two sets of pressure data and intentional leakage flow data of the interface accessory.
4. A method according to claim 3, wherein the pressure-flow correspondence of intentional leakage of the uniquely configured interface accessory is fitted piecewise over at least two pressure intervals.
5. A method according to claim 3, wherein the pressure-flow correspondence of intentional leakage of the uniquely configured interface accessory is obtained by polynomial fitting.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the pressure-flow correspondence for intentional leakage of the uniquely configured interface accessory is selected from pressure-flow correspondences of at least two interface accessories and pre-configured with the medical ventilator.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the pressure sensor is disposed at the interface accessory or at a device end of the medical ventilation device.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the deriving a total leakage based on the flow signal comprises deriving an average flow of the total leakage based on the flow signal; the deriving the intentional leak of the interface accessory worn by the ventilation subject breathing site based on the pressure signal and the pressure-flow correspondence of the intentional leak of the uniquely configured interface accessory comprises: obtaining an average flow of intentional leakage of the interface accessory based on the pressure signal and the uniquely configured pressure-flow correspondence of intentional leakage;
Said deriving an unintended leakage of said interface accessory based on a difference between said total leakage and said intended leakage of said interface accessory, comprising: and obtaining the average flow of the unintended leakage of the interface accessory as the unintended leakage of the interface accessory based on the difference between the average flow of the total leakage and the average flow of the intended leakage of the interface accessory.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein the deriving the total leakage based on the flow signal comprises:
filtering the flow signal to obtain an average flow of the total leakage as the total leakage, wherein the filtering comprises low-pass filtering or adaptive filtering.
10. The method of claim 8, wherein the deriving the total leakage based on the flow signal comprises:
extracting flow data for at least one respiratory cycle from the flow signal;
and obtaining the average flow of the total leakage according to the average value of the flow data of the at least one breathing cycle, and taking the average flow of the total leakage as the total leakage.
11. The method of claim 8, wherein the deriving an average flow of intentional leakage of the interface accessory based on the pressure signal and a pressure-flow correspondence of intentional leakage of the uniquely configured interface accessory comprises:
Filtering the pressure signal to obtain an average pressure, the filtering comprising low-pass filtering or adaptive filtering;
and obtaining the average flow of the intentional leakage of the interface accessory according to the pressure-flow corresponding relation of the average pressure and the intentional leakage of the uniquely configured interface accessory.
12. The method of claim 8, wherein the deriving an average flow of intentional leakage of the interface accessory based on the pressure signal and a pressure-flow correspondence of intentional leakage of the uniquely configured interface accessory comprises:
extracting pressure data of at least one breathing cycle from the pressure signal, and obtaining average pressure according to the average value of the pressure data of the at least one breathing cycle;
and obtaining the average flow of the intentional leakage of the interface accessory according to the pressure-flow corresponding relation of the average pressure and the intentional leakage of the uniquely configured interface accessory.
13. The method of claim 8, wherein the deriving an average flow of intentional leakage of the interface accessory based on the pressure signal and a pressure-flow correspondence of intentional leakage of the uniquely configured interface accessory comprises:
Obtaining an instantaneous flow signal of intentional leakage of the interface accessory according to the pressure signal and the pressure-flow corresponding relation of intentional leakage of the uniquely configured interface accessory;
filtering the deliberately leaked instantaneous flow signal of the interface accessory to obtain an deliberately leaked average flow of the interface accessory, the filtering comprising low-pass filtering or adaptive filtering.
14. The method of claim 8, wherein the deriving an average flow of intentional leakage of the interface accessory based on the pressure signal and a pressure-flow correspondence of intentional leakage of the uniquely configured interface accessory comprises:
obtaining an instantaneous flow signal of intentional leakage of the interface accessory according to the pressure signal and the pressure-flow corresponding relation of intentional leakage of the uniquely configured interface accessory;
extracting instantaneous flow data for at least one respiratory cycle from the intentionally leaked instantaneous flow signal of the interface accessory;
the average flow of the intentional leak of the interface accessory is derived from an average of instantaneous flow data of at least one respiratory cycle extracted from the instantaneous flow signal of the intentional leak of the interface accessory.
15. The method of claim 1, wherein the deriving a total leak based on the flow signal comprises deriving an instantaneous flow of the total leak based on the flow signal; the deriving the intentional leakage of the interface accessory based on the pressure signal and the pressure-flow correspondence of the intentional leakage of the uniquely configured interface accessory comprises: obtaining the instantaneous flow of the intentional leakage of the interface accessory based on the pressure signal and the pressure-flow correspondence of the intentional leakage of the uniquely configured interface accessory;
said deriving an unintended leakage of said interface accessory based on a difference between said total leakage and said intended leakage of said interface accessory, comprising: and obtaining an unintended leakage instantaneous flow signal of the interface accessory based on the difference between the total leakage instantaneous flow and the intentional leakage instantaneous flow of the interface accessory.
16. The method according to any one of claims 1-15, further comprising:
acquiring the average flow of unintended leakage of the interface accessory in a previous second preset time at intervals of a first preset time, wherein the length of the first preset time is smaller than that of the second preset time;
Averaging the average flow of the unintentional leaks of at least two interface accessories to obtain unintentional leak monitoring data of the interface accessories, comparing the unintentional leak monitoring data of the interface accessories with a preset threshold value, and generating prompt information when the unintentional leak monitoring data of the interface accessories exceeds the preset threshold value.
17. The method as recited in claim 16, further comprising:
and adjusting the length of the first preset time and/or the second preset time in real time according to the breathing state of the ventilation object.
18. The method of claim 1, wherein an exhalation valve is also connected between the vent line and the mouthpiece attachment; the method further comprises the steps of:
performing a calibration procedure on the exhalation valve to obtain a pressure-flow correspondence of intentional leakage of the exhalation valve;
the processor invokes a pressure-flow correspondence of the intentional leakage of the exhalation valve and obtains the intentional leakage of the exhalation valve based on the pressure-flow correspondence of the intentional leakage of the exhalation valve;
the processor obtains an unintended leakage of the interface accessory based on the total leakage minus the intended leakage of the interface accessory, the intended leakage of the exhalation valve.
19. A method for monitoring ventilation leakage of a medical ventilation device, the medical ventilation device comprising a pressure generating device for communication with a ventilation line for connection to an interface fitting worn at a respiratory site of a ventilation subject for delivering a set pressure or set flow of gas to the ventilation subject through the ventilation line and the interface fitting, a pressure sensor, a flow sensor, and a processor for controlling the pressure generating device to generate the set pressure or set flow of gas, the method comprising:
acquiring a flow signal acquired by the flow sensor, and acquiring total leakage based on the flow signal;
acquiring a pressure signal acquired by the pressure sensor;
the processor invokes a first pressure-flow correspondence of intentional leakage of a preconfigured interface accessory, and obtains intentional leakage of the interface accessory worn at the breathing site of the ventilation subject based on the pressure signal and the first pressure-flow correspondence; and deriving an unintended leakage of the interface accessory based on a difference between the total leakage and the intended leakage of the interface accessory;
The method further comprises the steps of:
acquiring a second pressure-flow correspondence of intentional leakage of the interface accessory during ventilation of the medical ventilator; the second pressure-flow correspondence is different from the first pressure-flow correspondence;
the processor invokes the second pressure-flow correspondence, and obtains intentional leakage of the interface accessory worn at the breathing site of the ventilation subject based on the pressure signal and the second pressure-flow correspondence; and deriving an unintended leakage of the interface accessory based on a difference between the total leakage and the intended leakage of the interface accessory.
20. The method of claim 19, wherein acquiring a second pressure-flow correspondence for intentional leakage during ventilation of the medical ventilator includes:
and monitoring the ventilation state of the ventilation object, and automatically selecting the second pressure-flow corresponding relation according to the ventilation state of the ventilation object.
21. The method of claim 19, wherein acquiring a second pressure-flow correspondence for intentional leakage during ventilation of the medical ventilator includes:
and in the ventilation process of the medical ventilation equipment, acquiring and responding to a selective instruction of the second pressure-flow corresponding relation of intentional leakage input by a user so as to obtain the second pressure-flow corresponding relation.
22. The method of any one of claims 19-21, wherein the first pressure-flow correspondence or the second pressure-flow correspondence is derived from pressure data of at least one interface fitting and intentional leak flow data and is pre-configured with the medical ventilator.
23. The method of claim 22, wherein the first pressure-flow correspondence or the second pressure-flow correspondence is fitted from at least two sets of pressure data and intentional leakage flow data of the interface accessory or wherein the first pressure-flow correspondence or the second pressure-flow correspondence is averaged from at least two sets of pressure data and intentional leakage flow data of the interface accessory.
24. The method of claim 23, wherein the first pressure-flow correspondence or the second pressure-flow correspondence is obtained by piecewise fitting over at least two pressure intervals.
25. The method of claim 23, wherein the first pressure-flow correspondence or the second pressure-flow correspondence is obtained by polynomial fitting.
26. The method of any of claims 19-21, wherein the first pressure-flow correspondence or the second pressure-flow correspondence is selected from pressure-flow correspondence of at least two interface attachments.
27. The method of any one of claims 19-21, wherein the pressure sensor is disposed at the interface accessory or at a device end of the medical ventilator device.
28. The method according to any one of claims 19-21, wherein,
the obtaining the total leakage based on the flow signal includes obtaining an average flow of the total leakage based on the flow signal;
the obtaining the intentional leakage of the interface accessory based on the pressure signal and the first pressure-flow correspondence or the second pressure-flow correspondence includes: obtaining an average flow of intentional leakage of the interface accessory based on the pressure signal and the first pressure-flow correspondence or the second pressure-flow correspondence;
said deriving an unintended leakage of said interface accessory based on a difference between said total leakage and said intended leakage of said interface accessory, comprising: and obtaining the average flow of the unintended leakage of the interface accessory as the unintended leakage of the interface accessory based on the difference between the average flow of the total leakage and the average flow of the intended leakage of the interface accessory.
29. The method of claim 28, wherein said deriving a total leak based on said flow signal comprises:
filtering the flow signal to obtain an average flow of the total leakage as the total leakage, wherein the filtering comprises low-pass filtering or adaptive filtering.
30. The method of claim 28, wherein said deriving a total leak based on said flow signal comprises:
extracting flow data for at least one respiratory cycle from the flow signal;
and obtaining the average flow of the total leakage according to the average value of the flow data of the at least one breathing cycle, and taking the average flow of the total leakage as the total leakage.
31. The method of claim 28, wherein the deriving an average flow of intentional leakage of the interface accessory based on the pressure signal and the first pressure-flow correspondence or the second pressure-flow correspondence comprises:
filtering the pressure signal to obtain an average pressure, the filtering comprising low-pass filtering or adaptive filtering;
and obtaining the average flow of intentional leakage of the interface accessory according to the average pressure and the first pressure-flow corresponding relation or the second pressure-flow corresponding relation.
32. The method of claim 28, wherein the deriving an average flow of intentional leakage of the interface accessory based on the pressure signal and the first pressure-flow correspondence or the second pressure-flow correspondence comprises:
extracting pressure data of at least one breathing cycle from the pressure signal, and obtaining average pressure according to the average value of the pressure data of the at least one breathing cycle;
and obtaining the average flow of intentional leakage of the interface accessory according to the average pressure and the first pressure-flow corresponding relation or the second pressure-flow corresponding relation.
33. The method of claim 28, wherein the deriving an average flow of intentional leakage of the interface accessory based on the pressure signal and the first pressure-flow correspondence or the second pressure-flow correspondence comprises:
obtaining an instant flow signal of intentional leakage of the interface accessory according to the pressure signal and the first pressure-flow corresponding relation or the second pressure-flow corresponding relation;
filtering the deliberately leaked instantaneous flow signal of the interface accessory to obtain an deliberately leaked average flow of the interface accessory, the filtering comprising low-pass filtering or adaptive filtering.
34. The method of claim 28, wherein the deriving an average flow of intentional leakage of the interface accessory based on the pressure signal and the first pressure-flow correspondence or the second pressure-flow correspondence comprises:
obtaining an instant flow signal of intentional leakage of the interface accessory according to the pressure signal and the first pressure-flow corresponding relation or the second pressure-flow corresponding relation;
extracting instantaneous flow data for at least one respiratory cycle from the intentionally leaked instantaneous flow signal of the interface accessory;
the average flow of the intentional leak of the interface accessory is derived from an average of instantaneous flow data of at least one respiratory cycle extracted from the instantaneous flow signal of the intentional leak of the interface accessory.
35. The method of any one of claims 19-21, wherein said deriving said total leakage based on said flow signal comprises:
obtaining an instantaneous flow of the total leak based on the flow signal;
the obtaining the intentional leakage of the interface accessory based on the pressure signal and the first pressure-flow correspondence or the second pressure-flow correspondence includes: obtaining the instant flow of the intentional leakage of the interface accessory based on the pressure signal and the first pressure-flow corresponding relation or the second pressure-flow corresponding relation;
Said deriving an unintended leakage of said interface accessory based on a difference between said total leakage and said intended leakage comprises: and obtaining the unintended leakage instantaneous flow signal based on the difference between the total leakage instantaneous flow and the intentional leakage instantaneous flow of the interface accessory.
36. The method according to any one of claims 19-35, further comprising:
acquiring the average flow of unintended leakage of the interface accessory in a previous second preset time at intervals of a first preset time, wherein the length of the first preset time is smaller than that of the second preset time;
averaging the average flow of at least two unintended leaks to obtain unintended leakage monitoring data, comparing the unintended leakage monitoring data with a preset threshold, and generating prompt information when the unintended leakage monitoring data exceeds the preset threshold.
37. The method as recited in claim 36, further comprising:
and adjusting the length of the first preset time and/or the second preset time in real time according to the breathing state of the ventilation object.
38. The method of claim 19, wherein the vent line and the mouthpiece attachment further have an exhalation valve connected thereto; the method further comprises the steps of:
Performing a calibration procedure on the exhalation valve to obtain a pressure-flow correspondence of intentional leakage of the exhalation valve;
the processor invokes a pressure-flow correspondence of the intentional leakage of the exhalation valve and obtains the intentional leakage of the exhalation valve based on the pressure-flow correspondence of the intentional leakage of the exhalation valve;
the processor obtains an unintended leakage of the interface accessory based on the total leakage minus the intended leakage of the interface accessory, the intended leakage of the exhalation valve.
39. A method for monitoring ventilation leakage of a medical ventilator, the medical ventilator comprising a pressure generating device, a pressure sensor, a flow sensor and a processor, the pressure generating device being adapted to communicate with a ventilation line for connection to a mouthpiece fitting worn at a breathing site of a subject to be ventilated for delivering a set pressure or set flow of gas to the subject to be ventilated through the ventilation line and the mouthpiece fitting, an exhalation valve being further connected between the mouthpiece fitting and the ventilation line; the processor is configured to control the pressure generating device to generate the set pressure or the set flow rate of the gas, and the method includes:
Performing a calibration procedure on the exhalation valve to obtain a pressure-flow correspondence of intentional leakage of the exhalation valve;
acquiring a flow signal acquired by the flow sensor, and acquiring total leakage based on the flow signal;
acquiring a pressure signal acquired by the pressure sensor;
the processor obtains the intentional leakage of the exhalation valve based on a pressure-flow correspondence of the pressure signal and the intentional leakage of the exhalation valve;
the processor obtains an unintended leakage of the interface accessory based on a difference between the total leakage and the intended leakage of the exhalation valve.
40. The method of claim 39, wherein said performing a calibration procedure on said exhalation valve to obtain a pressure-flow correspondence for intentional leakage of said exhalation valve comprises:
under the condition that the connecting end of the exhalation valve and the interface accessory is closed and the exhaust port of the exhalation valve is opened, the processor controls the pressure generating device to ventilate under a plurality of set pressures, and controls the flow rate sensor to acquire the flow rate corresponding to each set pressure;
the processor fits the plurality of set pressures and the corresponding flow rates thereof to obtain the pressure-flow rate correspondence of intentional leakage of the exhalation valve.
41. The method of claim 40, further comprising, prior to performing a calibration procedure for the exhalation valve to obtain a pressure-flow correspondence for intentional leakage of the exhalation valve:
displaying a calibration interface of the exhalation valve, wherein the calibration interface of the exhalation valve is used for receiving a selection instruction of whether the exhalation valve is connected between the interface accessory and the ventilation pipeline, and an operation control used for starting a calibration program of the exhalation valve is also displayed in the calibration interface of the exhalation valve;
and when receiving a selection instruction of the exhalation valve connected between the interface accessory and the ventilation pipeline through the calibration interface of the exhalation valve and receiving an operation instruction of an operation control for starting the calibration program of the exhalation valve, starting the calibration program of the exhalation valve.
42. The method of claim 41, wherein the calibration interface of the exhalation valve is further configured to receive a selection instruction for a type of the interface accessory, the type of interface accessory including an intentionally leaked interface accessory or an unintentionally leaked interface accessory;
the method further comprises the steps of:
when a selection instruction of the interface accessory with the intentional leakage type is received through a calibration interface of the exhalation valve, the processor calls the pressure-flow corresponding relation of the intentional leakage of the interface accessory, and the intentional leakage of the interface accessory is obtained based on the pressure signal and the pressure-flow corresponding relation of the intentional leakage of the interface accessory;
The processor obtains an unintended leakage of the interface accessory based on the total leakage minus the intended leakage of the exhalation valve, the intended leakage of the interface accessory.
43. The method of claim 42, further comprising:
when receiving a selection instruction of the interface accessory with the type of unintentional leakage through the calibration interface of the exhalation valve, the exhalation valve is fixedly arranged between the interface accessory and the ventilation pipeline.
44. The method of claim 41, further comprising:
displaying the calibration time and the calibration result of the calibration program executed for the exhalation valve in the previous time in the calibration interface of the exhalation valve;
and/or displaying calibration prompt information in a calibration interface of the exhalation valve, wherein the calibration prompt information is used for prompting that in the process of executing a calibration program of the exhalation valve, the connection end of the exhalation valve and the interface accessory is kept closed, and the exhaust port of the exhalation valve is kept open.
45. The method of claim 39, wherein said deriving a total leakage based on said flow signal comprises deriving an average flow of said total leakage based on said flow signal; the deriving the intentional leak of the exhalation valve based on the pressure signal and the pressure-flow correspondence of the intentional leak of the exhalation valve comprises: obtaining an average flow of intentional leakage of the exhalation valve based on the pressure signal and a pressure-flow correspondence of the intentional leakage of the exhalation valve;
Said deriving an unintended leakage of said interface accessory based on a difference between said total leakage and an intended leakage of said exhalation valve, comprising: and obtaining the average flow of the unintended leakage of the interface accessory as the unintended leakage of the interface accessory based on the difference between the average flow of the total leakage and the average flow of the intended leakage of the exhalation valve.
46. The method of claim 45, wherein the deriving an average flow of intentional leakage of the exhalation valve based on the pressure signal and a pressure-flow correspondence of intentional leakage of the exhalation valve comprises:
filtering the pressure signal to obtain an average pressure, the filtering comprising low-pass filtering or adaptive filtering;
and obtaining the average flow of the intentional leakage of the exhalation valve according to the pressure-flow corresponding relation between the average pressure and the intentional leakage of the exhalation valve.
47. The method of claim 45, wherein the deriving an average flow of intentional leakage of the exhalation valve based on the pressure signal and a pressure-flow correspondence of intentional leakage of the exhalation valve comprises:
extracting pressure data of at least one breathing cycle from the pressure signal, and obtaining average pressure according to the average value of the pressure data of the at least one breathing cycle;
And obtaining the average flow of the intentional leakage of the exhalation valve according to the pressure-flow corresponding relation between the average pressure and the intentional leakage of the exhalation valve.
48. The method of claim 45, wherein the deriving an average flow of intentional leakage of the exhalation valve based on the pressure signal and a pressure-flow correspondence of intentional leakage of the exhalation valve comprises:
obtaining an instantaneous flow signal of intentional leakage of the exhalation valve according to the pressure signal and the pressure-flow correspondence of intentional leakage of the exhalation valve;
filtering the instantaneous flow signal of the intentional leak of the exhalation valve to obtain an average flow of the intentional leak of the exhalation valve, the filtering including low pass filtering or adaptive filtering.
49. The method of claim 45, wherein the deriving an average flow of intentional leakage of the exhalation valve based on the pressure signal and a pressure-flow correspondence of intentional leakage of the exhalation valve comprises:
obtaining an instantaneous flow signal of intentional leakage of the exhalation valve according to the pressure signal and the pressure-flow correspondence of intentional leakage of the exhalation valve;
Extracting instantaneous flow data for at least one respiratory cycle from an intentionally leaked instantaneous flow signal of the exhalation valve;
the average flow of the intentional leak of the exhalation valve is derived from an average of instantaneous flow data for at least one breathing cycle extracted from the instantaneous flow signal of the intentional leak of the exhalation valve.
50. The method of claim 39, wherein said deriving a total leak based on said flow signal comprises deriving an instantaneous flow of said total leak based on said flow signal; the deriving the intentional leak of the exhalation valve based on the pressure signal and the pressure-flow correspondence of the intentional leak of the exhalation valve comprises: obtaining an instantaneous flow of the intentional leak of the exhalation valve based on the pressure signal and a pressure-flow correspondence of the intentional leak of the exhalation valve;
said deriving an unintended leakage of said interface accessory based on a difference between said total leakage and an intended leakage of said exhalation valve, comprising: based on the difference between the total leaked instantaneous flow and the intentionally leaked instantaneous flow of the exhalation valve, an unintended leakage instantaneous flow signal of the interface accessory is obtained.
51. A method for monitoring ventilation leakage of a medical ventilation device, the medical ventilation device comprising a pressure generating device, a pressure sensor, a flow sensor, and a processor, the pressure generating device being configured to communicate with a ventilation line, the ventilation line being configured to be connected to a mouthpiece fitting worn at a breathing site of a ventilation subject to deliver a set pressure or set flow of gas to the ventilation subject through the ventilation line and the mouthpiece fitting, the ventilation line comprising a mouthpiece fitting worn at the breathing site of the ventilation subject, the processor being configured to control the pressure generating device to generate the set pressure or set flow of gas, the method comprising:
acquiring a flow signal acquired by the flow sensor, and acquiring total leakage based on the flow signal;
acquiring a pressure signal acquired by the pressure sensor, calling a preset pressure-flow corresponding relation of intentional leakage of the interface accessory, and acquiring the intentional leakage of the interface accessory based on the pressure signal and the pressure-flow corresponding relation, wherein the pressure-flow corresponding relation is applicable to various types of interface accessories;
An unintended leakage of the interface accessory is obtained based on a difference between the total leakage and the intentional leakage of the interface accessory.
52. A medical ventilation device, comprising:
a pressure generating device for communicating with a ventilation line for connecting to a mouthpiece fitting worn at a breathing site of a subject to be ventilated to deliver a set pressure or a set flow of gas to the subject to be ventilated through the ventilation line and the mouthpiece fitting;
a flow sensor for acquiring a flow signal during delivery of gas to the ventilation subject;
a pressure sensor for acquiring a pressure signal during delivery of gas to the ventilation subject;
the processor is connected with the flow sensor, the pressure signal and the pressure generating device and is used for acquiring the flow signal and the pressure signal and controlling the pressure generating device to generate the set pressure or the set flow of gas; the processor is further configured to perform the ventilation leak monitoring method of any one of claims 1-51.
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