CN215961621U - Tidal volume detection device of double-level breathing machine - Google Patents

Tidal volume detection device of double-level breathing machine Download PDF

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CN215961621U
CN215961621U CN202122057625.XU CN202122057625U CN215961621U CN 215961621 U CN215961621 U CN 215961621U CN 202122057625 U CN202122057625 U CN 202122057625U CN 215961621 U CN215961621 U CN 215961621U
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刘誉
彭颖
张敏
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Kefu Medical Technology Co ltd
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Abstract

The utility model relates to the technical field of breathing machines, and discloses a tidal volume detection device of a bi-level breathing machine, which comprises: the device comprises a breathing machine data acquisition module, a basic flow rate acquisition module, a time threshold acquisition module, a flow rate difference acquisition module, a tidal volume calculation module and a basic flow rate calibration module.

Description

Tidal volume detection device of double-level breathing machine
Technical Field
The utility model relates to the technical field of respirators, in particular to tidal volume detection of a bi-level respirator.
Background
The breathing machine is a vital medical device which can prevent and treat respiratory failure, reduce complications, improve the ventilation and air exchange functions of patients and save and prolong the lives of the patients. Especially in the treatment of lung related diseases including new coronary pneumonia, the role of ventilators is almost irreplaceable.
As will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, a bi-level ventilator can provide two different positive airway pressures for a patient compared to a single level ventilator that can only provide one positive airway pressure, providing a higher pressure to facilitate inspiration when the patient inhales, and providing a lower pressure when the patient exhales to ensure that the patient breathes smoothly, which can provide better comfort and therapeutic effect for the patient. The bi-level ventilator has a plurality of adjustable operating parameters, mainly including tidal volume, pressure, flow rate, respiratory rate, etc., wherein the tidal volume refers to the volume of gas that a person breathes in or out each time.
The ventilation modes of the ventilator currently mainly include a pressure control ventilation mode and a volume control ventilation mode. Pressure control is the ventilator's management of ventilation with a preset airway pressure, the tidal volume being determined primarily by the airway pressure and the positive end-expiratory pressure difference, the inspiratory time, and the patient's airway resistance and chest-lung compliance. Volume control manages ventilation at a preset ventilation rate to keep tidal volume constant, with tidal volume being determined by minute exhalation ventilation, ventilation frequency or minute inhalation flow, and inhalation time. Medical personnel can help the pressure support of patient's adjusting device according to information such as tidal volume, real-time respiratory rate and minute air output when the patient uses the breathing machine, lets patient's therapeutic effect reach the best. Regardless of the control method of the ventilation mode, the tidal volume needs to be detected and confirmed.
At present, a tidal volume detection and calculation method commonly used in a bi-level respirator mainly follows the tidal volume calculation principle of a single-level respirator, and takes CN 110975089A as an example, the method mainly obtains inspiration tidal volume and expiration tidal volume by calculating a difference value between a basic flow rate and an instantaneous flow rate and then integrating; the single-level respirator only outputs one treatment pressure, the double-level respirator outputs two treatment pressures of inspiration output pressure and expiration output pressure, and the pressure is rapidly switched according to a PID algorithm. The existing tidal volume mainly ignores the influence of inspiration output air pressure and expiration output air pressure, and after a breathing machine detects inspiration action, the pressure can be quickly switched from expiration pressure to inspiration pressure, so that the instantaneous flow rate of a pipeline during subsequent inspiration changes on the basis of the inspiration phase flow rate, and the principle of expiration-inspiration is the same; the volume of gas between the inspiratory pressure and the expiratory pressure should not be taken into account in the calculation of the tidal volume, which would otherwise result in a large error in the calculated tidal volume. Meanwhile, unintentional air leakage such as loosening of the mask and the like can occur in the using process of the respirator, and the unintentional air leakage and the like can also cause the detection distortion of the tidal volume.
Therefore, a more accurate tidal volume detection device is urgently needed to improve the tidal volume detection precision, so that the treatment effect of the bi-level respirator is improved.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The utility model mainly aims to provide a tidal volume detection device of a bi-level respirator, and compared with the prior art, the utility model aims to solve the technical problem that the existing tidal volume detection device ignores the influence of inspiratory phase basic flow and expiratory phase basic flow of the bi-level respirator, so that a great error exists in the detected tidal volume.
To achieve the above object, the tidal volume detection apparatus according to the present invention employs a more accurate detection method, which includes the steps of:
step 1: acquiring target pressure of a breathing machine, acquiring instantaneous flow rate F of the breathing machine in real time at a time interval delta t, and performing moving average filtering on the instantaneous flow rate;
step 2: obtaining the basic flow rate L of the inspiratory phase and the expiratory phase of the respirator according to the target pressure1And L2；
And step 3: obtaining an instantaneous flow rate F equal to the fundamental flow rate L of the inspiratory phase1And the instantaneous flow rate F is equal to the expiratory phase base flow rate L2Obtaining an inspiratory phase time threshold tiAnd an expiratory phase time threshold te；
And 4, step 4: calculating the instantaneous flow rate F and the basic flow rate L of the inspiratory phase within the inspiratory phase time1Difference in flow velocity between F1Instantaneous flow rate F within expiratory phase time and expiratory phase base flow rate L2Difference value F between2；
And 5: according to said inspiratory phase time threshold t1And the difference of flow rates F1Performing integral operation to obtain inspiration tidal volume ViAccording to the expiratory phase time threshold t2And the difference of flow rates F2Integral operation is carried out between the two to obtain the expiratory tidal volume Ve。
Step 6: according to ViAnd VeAdjusting the base flow rates L of the inspiratory and expiratory phases1And L2And is used for correcting tidal volume detection errors.
Among other things, it is known in the art that a ventilator target pressure is designed to be set by a user according to an individual situation.
Preferably, the basic flow rate L of the inspiratory phase and the expiratory phase of the ventilator is obtained in the step 21And L2The method comprises the following steps:
acquiring target pressure;
and acquiring a corresponding basic flow rate according to the target pressure.
Preferably, said step 6 is according to ViAnd VeAdjusting the basal flow rate L of the inspiratory phase and the expiratory phase1And L2The method comprises the following steps:
extracting the slope theta of the flow velocity curve at the intersection of the flow velocity curve generated according to the instantaneous flow velocity and the basic flow velocity curve of the inspiratory phase1、θ2And the slope θ of the flow rate curve at the intersection with the base flow rate curve of the expiratory phase3、θ4；
Calculating an average error between inspiratory tidal volume and expiratory tidal volume
Figure BDA0003235403690000031
Tidal volume V when breathing iniGreater than tidal volume V of expired aire：
Inspiratory phase base flow rate L1Has a calibration factor of
Figure BDA0003235403690000032
Updated inspiratory phase base flow rate of L1+MQ1；
Expiratory phase base flow rate L2Has a calibration factor of
Figure BDA0003235403690000033
Updated expiratory phase base flow rate L2+MQ2；
Tidal volume V when breathing iniLess than tidal volume V of expired aire：
Inspiratory phase base flow rate L1Has a calibration factor of
Figure BDA0003235403690000034
Updated inspiratory phase base flow rate of L1-MQ3；
Expiratory phase base flow rate L2Has a calibration factor of
Figure BDA0003235403690000035
Updated expiratory phase base flow rate L2-MQ4；
Correspondingly, the tidal volume detection device of the bi-level respirator comprises:
a ventilator data acquisition module 101, configured to acquire a target pressure of the bi-level ventilator, acquire an instantaneous flow rate F of the ventilator in real time at a time interval Δ t, and perform a moving average filtering on the instantaneous flow rate;
a basic flow rate obtaining module 102, configured to obtain a basic flow rate L of an inspiratory phase and an expiratory phase of the ventilator according to the target pressure1And L2；
A time threshold acquisition module 103 for acquiring an instantaneous flow rate F equal to the inspiratory phase base flow rate L1And the instantaneous flow rate F is equal to the expiratory phase base flow rate L2Obtaining an inspiratory phase time threshold tiAnd an expiratory phase time threshold te；
A flow rate curve slope calculation module 104 for calculating inspiratory phase timeInternal instantaneous flow rate F and inspiratory phase base flow rate L1Difference in flow velocity between F1Instantaneous flow rate F within expiratory phase time and expiratory phase base flow rate L2Difference value F between2；
A tidal volume calculation module 105 for calculating a tidal volume according to the inspiratory phase time threshold t1And the difference of flow rates F1Performing integral operation to obtain inspiration tidal volume ViAccording to the expiratory phase time threshold t2And the difference of flow rates F2Integral operation is carried out between the two to obtain the expiratory tidal volume Ve。
Basic flow rate calibration module 106, according to ViAnd VeAdjusting the base flow rates L of the inspiratory and expiratory phases1And L2And is used for correcting tidal volume detection errors.
The utility model comprehensively considers the influence of the inspiration basic flow rate and the expiration basic flow rate on the tidal volume, the inspiration and expiration conversion process in the bi-level respirator is instantly completed, and the instantaneous airflow can be rapidly switched between the inspiration phase basic flow rate and the expiration phase basic flow rate according to the regulation and control function of the PID algorithm, so that the gas volume between the basic flow rates is not counted in the calculation of the tidal volume, the calculated tidal volume is more accurate, the pressure support of the respirator equipment can be adjusted by a patient, and the treatment effect of the patient can reach the best. Meanwhile, the basic flow rate of the breathing phase updated each time is also an important parameter which can play a decisive role in the triggering and replacing algorithm of the breathing machine.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a detection method employed by a tidal volume detection apparatus of a ventilator according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a ventilator tidal volume detection device according to the present disclosure;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a ventilator tidal volume detection device according to the present disclosure;
fig. 4 is a functional block diagram of a tidal volume detection apparatus of a ventilator according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the utility model and are not intended to limit the utility model.
As shown in fig. 1, the utility model provides a tidal volume detection device of a bi-level respirator, and the adopted detection method comprises the following steps: step 1 (S100): acquiring target pressure of a breathing machine, acquiring instantaneous flow rate F of the breathing machine in real time at a time interval delta t, and performing moving average filtering on the instantaneous flow rate; step 2 (S200): obtaining the basic flow rate L of the inspiratory phase and the expiratory phase of the respirator according to the target pressure1And L2(ii) a Step 3 (S300): obtaining an instantaneous flow rate F equal to the fundamental flow rate L of the inspiratory phase1And the instantaneous flow rate F is equal to the expiratory phase base flow rate L2Obtaining an inspiratory phase time threshold tiAnd an expiratory phase time threshold te(ii) a Step 4 (S400): calculating the instantaneous flow rate F and the basic flow rate L of the inspiratory phase within the inspiratory phase time1Difference in flow velocity between F1Instantaneous flow rate F within expiratory phase time and expiratory phase base flow rate L2Difference value F between2(ii) a Step 5 (S500): according to said inspiratory phase time threshold t1And the difference of flow rates F1Performing integral operation to obtain inspiration tidal volume ViAccording to the expiratory phase time threshold t2And the difference of flow rates F2Integral operation is carried out between the two to obtain the expiratory tidal volume Ve。
The basic flow rate L of the inspiratory phase and the expiratory phase of the respirator is obtained in the step 21And L2The method comprises the following steps: acquiring target pressure; and acquiring a corresponding basic flow rate according to the target pressure.
When the respirator is used, when a patient takes the mask to breathe, the gas flow rate at a certain moment in the breathing pipeline is the instantaneous flow rate, and the basic flow rate refers to the gas flow rate of the pipeline when the patient takes the mask to breathe. The base flow rates are not the same due to the different turbine drive for each ventilator product and the different gas path design within the ventilator.
As previously mentioned, bi-level ventilators provide bi-level pressure support during use, providing a higher pressure to facilitate inspiration when the patient inhales and a lower pressure to ensure smooth breathing when the patient exhales.
As shown in FIG. 2, the flow rate of the patient's respiratory gas flow is in the inspiratory phase above the zero line and in the expiratory phase below the zero line. When the supporting pressure provided by the breathing machine is larger, the instantaneous flow rate F is higher than the basic flow rate of the original inspiratory phase, and the user is in the inspiratory phase, wherein the instantaneous flow rate F consists of the flow rate of the autonomous inspiratory flow of the user and the flow rate of the inspiratory flow generated by the breathing machine. When the supporting pressure provided by the respirator is small, the flow velocity direction of the airflow is reversed, the instantaneous flow velocity F value is reduced and is lower than the basic flow velocity of the original expiratory phase, and the user is in the expiratory phase.
In the using process of the respirator, in order to ensure that the CO generated in the pipeline during breathing can be discharged when a patient takes the mask for treatment2The breathing mask is provided with air leakage holes, so that the breathing machine has intentional air leakage, and the basic flow rates of an inspiratory phase and an expiratory phase are both larger than zero. For the same patient, the tidal volume of inspiration and the tidal volume of expiration of one breath are substantially equal when the mask is normally worn, i.e., the shaded areas of the inspiration phase and the expiration phase in fig. 2 are equal.
If the mask looses to cause an increase in unintended air leakage, at this time, the calculation of tidal volume still uses the original inspiratory phase base flow rate and the original expiratory phase base flow rate as standard air leakage values, and the original situation that the inspiratory tidal volume is equal to the expiratory tidal volume is converted into the situation that the inspiratory tidal volume is much larger than the expiratory tidal volume, so that the calculation errors of the inspiratory tidal volume value and the expiratory tidal volume value of the patient occur, and therefore, after unintended air leakage occurs, the base flow rate should be increased on the original basis, as shown in fig. 2, the new base flow rate moves up the position on the line.
If the mask is worn correctly again, at this time, the original inspiratory phase base flow rate and the original expiratory phase base flow rate are still used as the standard air leakage value for calculating the tidal volume, and the original situation that the inspiratory tidal volume is equal to the expiratory tidal volume is converted into the situation that the inspiratory tidal volume is far smaller than the expiratory tidal volume, so that the calculation errors of the inspiratory tidal volume value and the expiratory tidal volume value of the patient occur, and therefore, after the air leakage is converted into the normal situation, the base flow rate is reduced on the original basis, as shown in fig. 3, the new base flow rate line is shifted down.
Further, the method for detecting tidal volume of a ventilator further includes step 6 (S600): according to ViAnd VeAdjusting the basal flow rate L of the inspiratory phase and the expiratory phase1And L2The method comprises the following steps:
extracting the slope theta of the flow velocity curve at the intersection of the flow velocity curve generated according to the instantaneous flow velocity and the basic flow velocity curve of the inspiratory phase1、θ2And the slope θ of the flow rate curve at the intersection with the base flow rate curve of the expiratory phase3、θ4；
If the air leakage of the breathing machine suddenly increases in the using process, in order to keep the pressure level at the mask end unchanged, the breathing machine compensates the pressure according to the air leakage condition and provides higher pressure support, at the moment, the basic flow rate is increased, when the tidal volume is calculated based on the original basic flow rate, the inspiration tidal volume is greater than the expiration tidal volume, and the average error between the inspiration tidal volume and the expiration tidal volume is calculated
Figure BDA0003235403690000061
Inspiratory phase base flow rate L1Has a calibration factor of
Figure BDA0003235403690000062
Updated inspiratory phase base flow rate of L1+MQ1；
Expiratory phase base flow rate L2Has a calibration factor of
Figure BDA0003235403690000063
Updated expiratory phase base flow rate L2+MQ2；
Until the inspiratory tidal volume and the expiratory tidal volume return to equality, the inspiratory phase base flow rate and the expiratory phase base flow rate remain stable.
If the unintended air leakage of the respirator is reduced or completely disappeared, in order to keep the pressure level at the mask end unchanged, the respirator adjusts the compensation pressure according to the air leakage condition, reduces the pressure support, at the moment, the basic flow rate is reduced, and when the tidal volume is calculated based on the original basic flow rate, the inhalation is carried outThe tidal volume of the gas is less than the tidal volume of the expiration, and the average error between the tidal volume of the inspiration and the tidal volume of the expiration is calculated
Figure BDA0003235403690000064
Inspiratory phase base flow rate L1Has a calibration factor of
Figure BDA0003235403690000065
Updated inspiratory phase base flow rate of L1-MQ3；
Expiratory phase base flow rate L2Has a calibration factor of
Figure BDA0003235403690000071
Updated expiratory phase base flow rate L2-MQ4；
Until the inspiratory tidal volume and the expiratory tidal volume return to equality, the inspiratory phase base flow rate and the expiratory phase base flow rate remain stable.
Accordingly, according to the tidal volume detection apparatus of the bi-level ventilator of the present invention, as shown in fig. 4, the tidal volume detection apparatus of the bi-level ventilator includes:
a ventilator data acquisition module 101, configured to acquire a target pressure of the bi-level ventilator, acquire an instantaneous flow rate F of the ventilator in real time at a time interval Δ t, and perform a moving average filtering on the instantaneous flow rate;
a basic flow rate obtaining module 102, configured to obtain a basic flow rate L of an inspiratory phase and an expiratory phase of the ventilator according to the target pressure1And L2；
A time threshold acquisition module 103 for acquiring an instantaneous flow rate F equal to the inspiratory phase base flow rate L1And the instantaneous flow rate F is equal to the expiratory phase base flow rate L2Obtaining an inspiratory phase time threshold tiAnd an expiratory phase time threshold te；
A flow rate curve slope calculation module 104 for calculating the instantaneous flow rate F and the basic flow rate L of the inspiratory phase within the inspiratory phase time1Difference in flow velocity between F1Expiratory phaseInstantaneous flow rate F and expiratory phase base flow rate L in time2Difference value F between2；
A tidal volume calculation module 105 for calculating a tidal volume according to the inspiratory phase time threshold t1And the difference of flow rates F1Performing integral operation to obtain inspiration tidal volume ViAccording to the expiratory phase time threshold t2And the difference of flow rates F2Integral operation is carried out between the two to obtain the expiratory tidal volume Ve。
Basic flow rate calibration module 106, according to ViAnd VeAdjusting the base flow rates L of the inspiratory and expiratory phases1And L2And is used for correcting tidal volume detection errors.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all modifications of equivalent structures and equivalent processes, which are made by using the contents of the present specification and the accompanying drawings, or directly or indirectly applied to other related technical fields, are included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims (1)

1. The utility model provides a tidal volume detection device of two level breathing machines, its characterized in that, it includes:
the breathing machine data acquisition module (101) is used for acquiring the target pressure of the bi-level breathing machine, acquiring the instantaneous flow rate F of the breathing machine in real time at a time interval delta t and carrying out moving average filtering on the instantaneous flow rate;
a basic flow rate obtaining module (102) for obtaining a basic flow rate L of an inspiratory phase and an expiratory phase of the respirator according to the target pressure1And L2；
A time threshold acquisition module (103) for acquiring an instantaneous flow rate F equal to the inspiratory phase base flow rate L1And the instantaneous flow rate F is equal to the expiratory phase base flow rate L2Obtaining an inspiratory phase time threshold tiAnd an expiratory phase time threshold te；
A flow rate curve slope calculation module (104) for calculating the instantaneous flow rate F and the basic flow rate L of the inspiratory phase within the inspiratory phase time1Difference in flow velocity between F1Call outInstantaneous flow rate F and expiratory phase basic flow rate L in gas phase time2Difference value F between2；
A tidal volume calculation module (105) for calculating a tidal volume based on the inspiratory phase time threshold t1And the difference of flow rates F1Performing integral operation to obtain inspiration tidal volume ViAccording to the expiratory phase time threshold t2And the difference of flow rates F2Integral operation is carried out between the two to obtain the expiratory tidal volume Ve；
A base flow rate calibration module (106) according to ViAnd VeAdjusting the base flow rates L of the inspiratory and expiratory phases1And L2And is used for correcting tidal volume detection errors.
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