CN116146299B - Multi-quality energy recycling system - Google Patents

Multi-quality energy recycling system Download PDF

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Publication number
CN116146299B
CN116146299B CN202310418954.3A CN202310418954A CN116146299B CN 116146299 B CN116146299 B CN 116146299B CN 202310418954 A CN202310418954 A CN 202310418954A CN 116146299 B CN116146299 B CN 116146299B
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energy
heat exchanger
grade
processing unit
end heat
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CN116146299A (en
Inventor
陈丽君
谭靖麒
张啸
周禹男
王磊
王小平
潘俊
高赞军
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AVIC Jincheng Nanjing Engineering Institute of Aircraft Systems
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AVIC Jincheng Nanjing Engineering Institute of Aircraft Systems
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64D—EQUIPMENT FOR FITTING IN OR TO AIRCRAFT; FLIGHT SUITS; PARACHUTES; ARRANGEMENTS OR MOUNTING OF POWER PLANTS OR PROPULSION TRANSMISSIONS IN AIRCRAFT
    • B64D13/00—Arrangements or adaptations of air-treatment apparatus for aircraft crew or passengers, or freight space, or structural parts of the aircraft
    • B64D13/06—Arrangements or adaptations of air-treatment apparatus for aircraft crew or passengers, or freight space, or structural parts of the aircraft the air being conditioned
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K25/00—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for
    • F01K25/08—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours
    • F01K25/10—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours the vapours being cold, e.g. ammonia, carbon dioxide, ether
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K25/00—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for
    • F01K25/08—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours
    • F01K25/10—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours the vapours being cold, e.g. ammonia, carbon dioxide, ether
    • F01K25/103—Carbon dioxide
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K27/00—Plants for converting heat or fluid energy into mechanical energy, not otherwise provided for
    • F01K27/02—Plants modified to use their waste heat, other than that of exhaust, e.g. engine-friction heat
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02G—HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02G1/00—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants
    • F02G1/04—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants of closed-cycle type
    • F02G1/043—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants of closed-cycle type the engine being operated by expansion and contraction of a mass of working gas which is heated and cooled in one of a plurality of constantly communicating expansible chambers, e.g. Stirling cycle type engines
    • F02G1/053—Component parts or details
    • F02G1/055—Heaters or coolers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03G—SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS; MECHANICAL-POWER PRODUCING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03G7/00—Mechanical-power-producing mechanisms, not otherwise provided for or using energy sources not otherwise provided for
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B27/00—Machines, plants or systems, using particular sources of energy
    • F25B27/02—Machines, plants or systems, using particular sources of energy using waste heat, e.g. from internal-combustion engines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
    • F28D20/003—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using thermochemical reactions
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
    • F28D20/02—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using latent heat
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02N—ELECTRIC MACHINES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H02N11/00—Generators or motors not provided for elsewhere; Alleged perpetua mobilia obtained by electric or magnetic means
    • H02N11/002—Generators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64D—EQUIPMENT FOR FITTING IN OR TO AIRCRAFT; FLIGHT SUITS; PARACHUTES; ARRANGEMENTS OR MOUNTING OF POWER PLANTS OR PROPULSION TRANSMISSIONS IN AIRCRAFT
    • B64D13/00—Arrangements or adaptations of air-treatment apparatus for aircraft crew or passengers, or freight space, or structural parts of the aircraft
    • B64D13/06—Arrangements or adaptations of air-treatment apparatus for aircraft crew or passengers, or freight space, or structural parts of the aircraft the air being conditioned
    • B64D2013/0603—Environmental Control Systems
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64D—EQUIPMENT FOR FITTING IN OR TO AIRCRAFT; FLIGHT SUITS; PARACHUTES; ARRANGEMENTS OR MOUNTING OF POWER PLANTS OR PROPULSION TRANSMISSIONS IN AIRCRAFT
    • B64D13/00—Arrangements or adaptations of air-treatment apparatus for aircraft crew or passengers, or freight space, or structural parts of the aircraft
    • B64D13/06—Arrangements or adaptations of air-treatment apparatus for aircraft crew or passengers, or freight space, or structural parts of the aircraft the air being conditioned
    • B64D2013/0603—Environmental Control Systems
    • B64D2013/0648—Environmental Control Systems with energy recovery means, e.g. using turbines
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/14—Thermal energy storage

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of aviation electromechanics, in particular to a multi-grade energy recycling system, which comprises: a detection unit, a plurality of energy processing units and a heat sink unit; the detection units are respectively connected with one ends of the energy processing units, detect the grade of energy, and distribute the energy to the corresponding energy processing units according to the grade; the energy treatment unit recycles the energy; and the heat sink units are respectively connected with the other ends of the energy processing units and are used for carrying out heat dissipation treatment on the energy processing units. The invention grades the energy wasted in the energy conversion and utilization process of the electromechanical system according to the temperature, adopts a targeted recycling method for low, medium and high grade energy, realizes multi-grade energy grading recycling, improves the utilization efficiency of the whole energy and reduces the burden of a thermal management system.

Description

Multi-quality energy recycling system
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of aviation electromechanics, in particular to a multi-grade energy recycling system.
Background
The prior aircraft electromechanical system has a great deal of energy waste in the energy conversion and utilization process.
The auxiliary power device generates high-temperature gas through burning fuel in a combustion chamber to push a turbine to do work, the energy taken away by the tail gas after combustion is about 50%, the temperature of the tail gas can reach more than 700 ℃, and the energy is directly taken away by the tail gas, so that a large amount of energy waste is caused.
The bleed air system of the environment control system usually introduces high-temperature high-pressure gas from the engine as a gas source of the air circulation refrigerating device, the temperature range of the gas is 250-650 ℃, and the temperature of the gas entering the air circulation refrigerating device compressor cannot be too high, so that a heat exchanger needs to be additionally added to reduce the temperature of the gas, and part of energy carried by the gas is taken away through heat sinks (ram air, fuel oil, fan duct gas, consumable media and the like), so that energy waste is caused. The temperature of air is increased after being compressed by the air compressor, but the temperature of gas entering the turbine of the air circulation refrigerating device cannot be too high, a heat exchanger is additionally added to reduce the temperature of the gas, and part of energy carried by the gas is taken away by the heat sink, so that energy waste is caused.
The electronic equipment can generate a large amount of heat, so that the surface temperature of the electronic equipment is increased, a liquid cooling system of the environment control system is required to provide refrigerating fluid to take away the heat, and the burden of the environment control system is increased. The equipment such as the accessory gearbox, the lubricating oil pump and the like can generate heat during operation, and the heat is firstly absorbed by the lubricating oil and then is taken away by the heat sink. Similarly, the steering engine, the hydraulic pump and other devices can generate heat during operation, and the heat is firstly absorbed by the hydraulic oil and then is taken away by the heat sink. The above-mentioned wasted energy temperature is typically below 250 ℃.
The energy waste phenomenon of each device of the aircraft electromechanical system reduces the energy utilization efficiency of the system, and meanwhile, the generated waste heat needs to be taken away through the aircraft heat sink, so that the burden is increased on the thermal management system. Because of the large difference between the energy temperatures wasted by different devices, the heat cannot be recycled by a single technology.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve at least one technical problem in the background art and provides a multi-quality energy recycling system.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a multi-quality energy recycling system, comprising:
a detection unit, a plurality of energy processing units and a heat sink unit;
the detection units are respectively connected with the energy processing units, detect the grade of energy, and distribute the energy to the corresponding energy processing units according to the grade;
the energy treatment unit recycles the energy;
the heat sink unit is connected with the energy processing units and is used for carrying out heat dissipation treatment on the energy processing units.
Preferably, the plurality of energy processing units include a low-grade energy processing unit, a medium-grade energy processing unit, and a high-grade energy processing unit;
the temperature of the energy processed by the low-grade energy processing unit is lower than that of the energy processed by the medium-grade energy processing unit;
the temperature of the energy processed by the high-grade energy processing unit is higher than that of the energy processed by the medium-grade energy processing unit.
Preferably, the heat sink unit is connected with the low-grade energy processing unit, the medium-grade energy processing unit and the high-grade energy processing unit respectively.
Preferably, the high-quality energy processing unit comprises a first thermoelectric generation device and a first power module;
the two ends of the first thermoelectric generation device are respectively connected with a first hot end heat exchanger and a first cold end heat exchanger, the first hot end heat exchanger is connected with the detection unit, and the first cold end heat exchanger is connected with the heat sink unit;
the first thermoelectric generation device is connected with the first power module and is used for transmitting electric energy to the first power module.
Preferably, the high-grade energy processing unit comprises a first heat storage device and a first anti-icing heating module;
the two ends of the first heat storage device are respectively connected with a second hot end heat exchanger and a second cold end heat exchanger, the second hot end heat exchanger is connected with the detection unit, and the second cold end heat exchanger is connected with the heat sink unit;
the first heat storage device is connected with the first anti-icing heating module and used for conveying heat energy to the first anti-icing heating module.
Preferably, the medium-grade energy processing unit comprises a second thermoelectric generation device, a second power module and a first air circulation refrigeration module;
the two ends of the second thermoelectric generation device are respectively connected with a third hot end heat exchanger and a third cold end heat exchanger, the third hot end heat exchanger is respectively connected with the detection unit and the first air circulation refrigeration module, and the third cold end heat exchanger is connected with the heat sink unit;
the second thermoelectric generation device is connected with the second power module and is used for transmitting electric energy to the second power module.
Preferably, the medium-grade energy processing unit comprises a second heat storage device, a second anti-icing heating module and a second air circulation refrigerating module;
the two ends of the second heat storage device are respectively connected with a fourth hot end heat exchanger and a fourth cold end heat exchanger, the fourth hot end heat exchanger is respectively connected with the detection unit and the second air circulation refrigerating module, and the fourth cold end heat exchanger is connected with the heat sink unit;
the second heat storage device is connected with the second anti-icing heating module and used for conveying heat energy to the second anti-icing heating module.
Preferably, the low-grade energy processing unit comprises a third thermoelectric generation device, a third power module and a first circulation module;
two ends of the third thermoelectric generation device are respectively connected with a fifth hot end heat exchanger and a fifth cold end heat exchanger, and the fifth cold end heat exchanger is connected with the heat sink unit;
the first circulation module is connected with the detection unit and is used for performing energy circulation through the fifth hot-end heat exchanger;
the third thermoelectric generation device is connected with the third power module and is used for transmitting electric energy to the third power module.
Preferably, the low-grade energy processing unit comprises a thermally driven refrigeration device, an environmental control module and a second circulation module;
the two ends of the heat-driven refrigerating device are respectively connected with a sixth hot-end heat exchanger and a sixth cold-end heat exchanger, and the sixth cold-end heat exchanger is connected with the heat sink unit;
the second circulation module is connected with the detection unit and is used for performing energy circulation through the sixth hot-end heat exchanger;
the heat-driven refrigerating device is connected with the environment control module and used for conveying cold energy to the environment control module.
Preferably, the heat sink unit is connected with the low-grade energy processing unit, and the low-grade energy processing unit, the medium-grade energy processing unit and the high-grade energy processing unit are sequentially connected.
Based on the above, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. according to the scheme, the detection unit is arranged to grade the energy wasted in the aircraft electromechanical system, the energy is divided into low-grade energy, medium-grade energy and high-grade energy, and the energy with different grades is conveyed to the corresponding energy processing unit to be recycled and utilized in a targeted manner, so that the utilization efficiency of the whole energy is improved, and the burden of a thermal management system is reduced;
2. according to the scheme of the invention, the heat sink unit is sequentially connected with the low-grade energy processing unit, the medium-grade energy processing unit and the high-grade energy processing unit, so that the multi-grade energy processing unit can utilize the aircraft heat sink in a cascade manner, and the use amount of the heat sink is reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 schematically illustrates an overall flow diagram of a multi-level energy recovery and utilization system in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 schematically illustrates a flow chart of heat sink unit cascade utilization in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 schematically illustrates a flow chart of a thermoelectric generation technique of a high-grade energy processing unit in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 schematically illustrates a flow chart of a heat storage technology of a high grade energy processing unit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 schematically illustrates a flow chart of a thermoelectric generation technique of a medium grade energy processing unit in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 schematically illustrates a flow chart of a heat storage technology of a medium grade energy processing unit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 schematically illustrates a flow chart of a thermoelectric generation technique of a low-grade energy processing unit in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 schematically illustrates a flow chart of a thermally driven refrigeration technique of a low-grade energy processing unit in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention;
reference numerals illustrate: the device comprises a detection unit 10, an energy processing unit 20 and a heat sink unit 30; the system comprises a low-grade energy processing unit 201, a third thermoelectric generation device 2011, a fifth hot-end heat exchanger 20111, a fifth cold-end heat exchanger 20112, a third power module 2012, a first circulation module 2013, a heat drive refrigeration device 2014, a sixth hot-end heat exchanger 20141, a sixth cold-end heat exchanger 20142, an environment control module 2015 and a second circulation module 2016; the medium-grade energy processing unit 202, the second thermoelectric generation device 2021, the third hot-end heat exchanger 20211, the third cold-end heat exchanger 20212, the second power module 2022, the first control cycle cooling module 2023, the second heat storage device 2024, the fourth hot-end heat exchanger 20241, the fourth cold-end heat exchanger 20242, the second anti-icing heating module 2025 and the second air cycle cooling module 2026; the high-quality energy processing unit 203, the first thermoelectric generation device 2031, the first hot-end heat exchanger 20311, the first cold-end heat exchanger 20312, the first power module 2032, the first heat storage device 2033, the second hot-end heat exchanger 20331, the second cold-end heat exchanger 20332 and the first anti-icing heating module 2034.
Detailed Description
The present disclosure will now be discussed with reference to exemplary embodiments. It should be understood that the embodiments discussed are merely to enable those of ordinary skill in the art to better understand and thus practice the teachings of the present invention and do not imply any limitation on the scope of the invention.
As used herein, the term "comprising" and variants thereof are to be interpreted as meaning "including but not limited to" open-ended terms. The term "based on" is to be interpreted as "based at least in part on". The terms "one embodiment" and "an embodiment" are to be interpreted as "at least one embodiment.
FIG. 1 schematically illustrates an overall flow chart of a multi-level energy recycling system according to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 1, the multi-level energy recycling system of the present invention includes:
a detection unit 10, a plurality of energy processing units 20, and a heat sink unit 30;
the detection unit 10 is respectively connected with the plurality of energy processing units 20, detects the grade of energy, and distributes the energy to the corresponding energy processing units 20 according to the grade;
the energy processing unit 20 recycles the energy;
the heat sink unit 30 is connected to the plurality of energy processing units 20, and performs heat dissipation processing on the energy processing units 20.
Through the arrangement, the detection unit 10 detects the energy wasted in the energy conversion and utilization process of the electromechanical system, grades the energy, respectively transmits the energy with different grades to the corresponding energy processing units 20, carries out targeted processing on the energy with different grades, realizes the recycling of the energy, improves the utilization efficiency of the whole energy and reduces the burden of a thermal management system.
Further, the plurality of energy processing units 20 includes a low-grade energy processing unit 201, a medium-grade energy processing unit 202, and a high-grade energy processing unit 203;
the temperature of the energy processed by the low-grade energy processing unit 201 is lower than the temperature of the energy processed by the medium-grade energy processing unit 202;
the temperature of the energy processed by the high-grade energy processing unit 203 is greater than the temperature of the energy processed by the medium-grade energy processing unit 202.
Specifically, for the energy with the temperature higher than 650 ℃, the energy can be regarded as high-grade energy, and the high-grade energy is transmitted to the high-grade energy processing unit 203 for processing, for example, waste tail gas heat energy of an auxiliary power device and the like can be converted into electric energy for recycling by adopting a thermoelectric generation technology, and can be used as supplementary electric energy of an electric power system, and can be stored by adopting a heat storage technology, so that the heat energy can be used as supplementary heat when the aircraft wing or the tail fin anti-icing system needs heat to heat the outer skin, and can be used as supplementary heat when the heating system of the environment control system needs heat to heat the cabin.
For the energy with the temperature range of 250-650 ℃, the energy can be regarded as medium-grade energy, the medium-grade energy can be transmitted to the medium-grade energy processing unit 202 for processing, the heat energy wasted by engine bleed air is taken as an example, the heat energy can be converted into electric energy by adopting a thermoelectric generation technology for recycling, the electric energy can be used as supplementary electric energy of an electric power system, the heat energy can also be stored by adopting a heat storage technology, the supplementary electric energy can be used as supplementary heat when the aircraft wing or the tail fin anti-icing system needs heat to heat the outer skin, and the supplementary heat can be used as supplementary heat when the heating system of the environment control system needs heat to heat the cabin.
For the energy with the temperature lower than 250 ℃, the energy can be regarded as low-grade energy, and the low-grade energy can be transmitted to the low-grade energy processing unit 201 for processing, and taking the heat energy such as electronic equipment heating, lubricating oil waste heat, hydraulic oil waste heat and the like as an example, the heat energy can be converted into electric energy by adopting a thermoelectric generation technology for recycling, and can be used as the supplementary electric energy of an electric power system, and the heat energy can be converted into cold energy by adopting a thermal drive refrigeration technology and can be used as the supplementary refrigeration capacity of an environment control system.
Further, the heat sink unit 30 has two connection modes, one is a common connection, and the heat sink unit 10 is respectively connected with the low-grade energy processing unit 201, the medium-grade energy processing unit 202 and the high-grade energy processing unit 203;
the heat sink unit 30 performs a heat radiation operation on the low-grade energy processing unit 201, the medium-grade energy processing unit 202, and the high-grade energy processing unit 203, respectively.
Another cascade connection method for heat sinks is shown in fig. 2, which schematically illustrates a flow chart of cascade utilization of heat sink units according to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 2:
the heat sink unit 30 is sequentially connected with a low-grade energy processing unit 201, a medium-grade energy processing unit 202 and a high-grade energy processing unit 203;
when the heat sink unit 30 performs heat dissipation operation on the low-grade energy processing unit 201, the temperature of the fluid of the heat sink unit 30 is still smaller than the temperature of the cold-end heat exchanger of the middle-grade energy processing unit 202, and the heat dissipation operation on the heat sink unit can be continued, so that the temperature of the fluid is also smaller than the temperature of the cold-end heat exchanger of the high-grade energy processing unit 203 after the heat sink unit 30 performs heat dissipation operation on the middle-grade energy processing unit 202, the same fluid is used for simultaneously performing heat dissipation operation on the three energy processing units 20, and cascade utilization of heat sinks is realized.
Further, the present invention will describe the energy processing steps of each of the quality energy processing units 20 one by one:
for the recycling method of the thermoelectric generation technology of high-grade energy, fig. 3 schematically shows a flow chart of the thermoelectric generation technology of the high-grade energy processing unit according to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 3:
the high-grade energy processing unit 203 includes a first thermoelectric generation device 2031 and a first power module 2032;
two ends of the first thermoelectric generation device 2031 are respectively connected with a first hot-end heat exchanger 20311 and a first cold-end heat exchanger 20312, the first hot-end heat exchanger 20311 is connected with the detection unit 10, and the first cold-end heat exchanger 20312 is connected with the heat sink unit 30;
the first thermoelectric generation device 2031 is connected to the first power module 2032, and transmits electric power to the first power module 2032.
Specifically, the first hot-end heat exchanger 20311 is in contact with high-grade energy to perform heat exchange, and the first cold-end heat exchanger 20312 is in contact with the heat sink unit 30 to perform heat exchange;
the whole flow is as follows: the detection unit 10 detects that the energy is high-grade energy, the high-grade energy is conveyed to the high-grade energy processing unit 203, the high-grade energy is contacted with the first hot end heat exchanger 20311, part of the heat is exchanged by the first hot end heat exchanger 20311, the rest of the energy is discharged, meanwhile, fluid with lower temperature in the heat sink unit 30 is contacted with the first cold end heat exchanger 20312, part of the heat is discharged after being absorbed, the first thermoelectric generation device 2031 is driven by the temperature difference between the first hot end heat exchanger 20311 and the first cold end heat exchanger 20312, the heat energy is converted into electric energy through the thermoelectric generation technology, the electric energy is conveyed to the first power module 2032, and recycling of waste energy is achieved.
The lower temperature fluid in the heat sink unit 30 is ram air, fuel, fan duct air, and consumable medium.
The temperature difference power generation technology comprises a semiconductor temperature difference power generation technology, an alkali metal thermoelectric conversion technology, a supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton cycle power generation technology, an organic Rankine cycle power generation technology, a Stirling cycle power generation technology and a thermoacoustic cycle power generation technology.
Through the arrangement, the high-grade energy processing unit 203 converts heat energy into electric energy through a thermoelectric generation technology, and the high-grade energy is recycled to provide extra electric energy for the aircraft, so that the load of an engine is reduced, and the utilization efficiency of the whole energy is improved.
Further, for the method for recycling the heat storage technology of high-grade energy, fig. 4 schematically shows a flowchart of the heat storage technology of the high-grade energy processing unit according to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 4:
the high-grade energy processing unit 203 includes a first heat storage device 2033 and a first anti-icing warming module 2034;
two ends of the first heat storage device 2033 are respectively connected with a second hot-end heat exchanger 20331 and a second cold-end heat exchanger 20332, the second hot-end heat exchanger 20331 is connected with the detection unit 10, and the second cold-end heat exchanger 20332 is connected with the heat sink unit 30;
the first heat storage device 2033 is connected to a first anti-icing warm-up module 2034, and transfers heat energy to the first anti-icing warm-up module.
Specifically, the second hot-end heat exchanger 20331 is in contact with high-grade energy to perform heat exchange, and the second cold-end heat exchanger 20332 is in contact with the heat sink unit 30 to perform heat exchange;
the whole flow is as follows: the detection unit 10 detects that the energy is high-grade energy, the high-grade energy is conveyed to the high-grade energy processing unit 203, the high-grade energy is in contact with the second hot-end heat exchanger 20331, part of the heat is exchanged by the second hot-end heat exchanger 20331, the residual energy is discharged, the first heat storage device 2033 absorbs part of the heat exchanged by the second hot-end heat exchanger 20331 and stores the heat by a heat storage technology, the heat is transferred to the hot fluid when in use, the hot fluid transfers the heat to the first anti-icing heating module 2034 for recycling waste energy, and the residual heat which cannot be absorbed by the first heat storage device 2033 enters the second cold-end heat exchanger 20332 and is taken away and discharged by the heat sink unit 30.
The lower temperature fluid in the heat sink unit 30 is ram air, fuel, fan duct air, and consumable medium.
The adopted heat storage technology comprises thermochemical reaction heat storage technology, phase change heat storage technology and the like.
Through the arrangement, the high-grade energy processing unit 203 stores high-grade energy through a heat storage technology to provide additional heat supplement for the anti-icing system and the heating system of the aircraft, so that the burden of the anti-icing system and the heating system is reduced.
Further, for the method for recycling the thermoelectric power generation technology of the medium-grade energy, fig. 5 schematically shows a flowchart of the thermoelectric power generation technology of the medium-grade energy processing unit according to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 5:
the medium-grade energy processing unit 202 comprises a second thermoelectric generation device 2021, a second power module 2022 and a first air circulation refrigeration module 2023;
two ends of the second thermoelectric generation device 2021 are respectively connected with a third hot-end heat exchanger 20211 and a third cold-end heat exchanger 20212, the third hot-end heat exchanger 20211 is respectively connected with the detection unit 10 and the first air circulation refrigeration module 2024, and the third cold-end heat exchanger 20212 is connected with the heat sink unit 30;
the second thermoelectric generation device 2021 is connected to the second power module 2022, and supplies electric power to the second power module 2022.
Specifically, the bleed air of the engine is used as a source of medium grade energy, and as the temperature of the bleed air of the engine is higher than the inlet requirements of a compressor and a turbine of the air circulation refrigerating device, two second thermoelectric generation devices 2021 are arranged, the third hot-end heat exchanger 20211 is in contact with the energy with higher temperature to exchange heat, and the third cold-end heat exchanger 20212 is in contact with the heat sink unit 30 to exchange heat.
The first air circulation refrigeration module 2023 includes a compressor, a turbine.
The whole flow is as follows: the detection unit 10 detects that the energy is middle grade energy, the middle grade energy is conveyed to the middle grade energy processing unit 202, engine bleed air is contacted with one of the third hot end heat exchangers 20211, part of heat is taken away by the third hot end heat exchanger 20211, the air after heat exchange enters a compressor in the first air circulation refrigerating module 2023 to be heated and boosted, the air with the raised temperature is contacted with the other third hot end heat exchanger 20211 again, part of heat is taken away by the third hot end heat exchanger 20211 again, the air after heat exchange enters a turbine to be cooled and depressurized, the gas with the lowered temperature is conveyed to a cabin to refrigerate the cabin to complete the recycling of the energy, meanwhile, fluid with lower temperature of the heat sink unit 30 is sequentially contacted with the two third cold end heat exchangers 20212 to exchange part of heat and discharge the hot end, the second thermoelectric power generation device 2021 utilizes the temperature difference between the third cold end heat exchangers 20211 and 20212 to drive, and the electric energy is converted into electric energy through a thermoelectric power generation technology, and the electric energy is conveyed to the second power module 2022.
The lower temperature fluid in the heat sink unit 30 is ram air, fuel, fan duct air, and consumable medium.
The temperature difference power generation technology comprises a semiconductor temperature difference power generation technology, a supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton cycle power generation technology, an organic Rankine cycle power generation technology, a Stirling cycle power generation technology and a thermoacoustic cycle power generation technology.
It should be noted that, in the process of converting the medium-grade energy into the electric energy, the medium-grade energy sequentially passes through the two third hot-end heat exchangers 20211 to perform heat exchange twice, so that the temperature of the medium-grade energy contacted by the third hot-end heat exchanger 20211 positioned at the later position of the medium-grade energy moving path is lower, the heat sink unit 30 firstly passes through the third cold-end heat exchanger 20212 corresponding to the third hot-end heat exchanger 20211 positioned at the later position to perform heat exchange, and then contacts with the third cold-end heat exchanger 20212 corresponding to the third hot-end heat exchanger 20211 positioned at the earlier position to perform heat exchange, thereby realizing cascade utilization of heat sinks.
Through the above arrangement, the medium-grade energy processing unit 202 can convert heat energy into electric energy by adopting a thermoelectric generation technology, and recycle the medium-grade energy to provide extra electric energy for the aircraft, and simultaneously reduce the burden of a thermal management system.
Further, for the method for recycling the heat storage technology of the medium-grade energy, fig. 6 schematically shows a flowchart of the heat storage technology of the medium-grade energy processing unit according to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 6:
the medium-grade energy processing unit 202 comprises a second heat storage device 2024, a second anti-icing heating module 2025 and a second air circulation refrigerating module 2026;
the two ends of the second heat storage device 2024 are respectively connected with a fourth hot-end heat exchanger 20241 and a fourth cold-end heat exchanger 20242, the fourth hot-end heat exchanger 20241 is respectively connected with the detection unit 10 and the second air circulation refrigerating module 2026, and the fourth cold-end heat exchanger 20242 is connected with the heat sink unit 30;
the second heat storage device 2024 is connected to the second anti-icing heating module 2025, and transfers heat energy to the second anti-icing heating module 2025.
Specifically, with the bleed air of the engine as a source of medium grade energy, since the bleed air temperature of the engine is higher than the inlet demands of the compressor and the turbine of the air circulation refrigerating device, the number of the second heat storage devices 2024 is two, the fourth hot-end heat exchanger 20241 is in contact with the energy with higher temperature to exchange heat, and the fourth cold-end heat exchanger 20242 is in contact with the heat sink unit 30 to exchange heat.
The second air circulation refrigeration module 2026 includes a compressor, a turbine.
The whole flow is as follows: the detection unit 10 detects that the energy is medium grade energy, the medium grade energy is conveyed to the medium grade energy processing unit 202, engine bleed air is contacted with one fourth hot end heat exchanger 20241, part of heat is exchanged by the fourth hot end heat exchanger 20241, the exchanged air enters a compressor in the second air circulation refrigerating module 2026 to be heated and boosted, then is contacted with the other fourth hot end heat exchanger 20241, part of heat is exchanged by the fourth hot end heat exchanger 20241, the exchanged air enters a turbine to be cooled and decompressed, and the gas with reduced temperature is conveyed to a cabin to be refrigerated; the heat exchanged by the fourth hot-end heat exchanger 20241 is stored by the second heat storage device 2024 through a heat storage technology, and is transferred to the hot fluid when in use, and the hot fluid transfers the heat to the second anti-icing heating module 2025, so that the energy recycling is completed; simultaneously, the heat sink unit 30 is sequentially contacted with the two fourth cold-end heat exchangers 20242, so that heat which cannot be absorbed by the second heat storage device 2024 is taken away and discharged.
The lower temperature fluid in the heat sink unit 30 is ram air, fuel, fan duct air, and consumable medium.
The heat storage technology includes thermochemical reaction heat storage and phase change heat storage technology.
It should be noted that, in the process of converting the medium-grade energy into heat energy, the medium-grade energy sequentially passes through the two fourth hot-end heat exchangers 20241 to perform heat exchange twice, so that the temperature of the medium-grade energy contacted by the fourth hot-end heat exchanger 20241 positioned at the rear position of the medium-grade energy moving path is lower, the heat sink unit 30 firstly passes through the fourth cold-end heat exchanger 20242 corresponding to the fourth hot-end heat exchanger 20241 positioned at the rear position to perform heat exchange, and then contacts with the fourth cold-end heat exchanger 20242 corresponding to the fourth hot-end heat exchanger 20241 positioned at the front position to perform heat exchange, thereby realizing cascade utilization of heat sinks.
With the above arrangement, the medium-grade energy processing unit 202 stores medium-grade energy to provide additional heat supplement for the aircraft anti-icing system and the warming system by the heat storage technology, so that the burden of the anti-icing system and the warming system is reduced.
Further, for the low-grade energy thermoelectric power generation technology recycling method, fig. 7 schematically shows a flow chart of the low-grade energy processing unit thermoelectric power generation technology according to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 7:
the low-grade energy processing unit 201 includes a third thermoelectric generation device 2011, a third power module 2012, and a first cycle module 2013;
two ends of the third thermoelectric generation device 2011 are respectively connected with a fifth hot-end heat exchanger 20111 and a fifth cold-end heat exchanger 20112, and the fifth cold-end heat exchanger 20112 is connected with the heat sink unit 30;
the first circulation module 2013 is connected with the detection unit 10, and the first circulation module 2013 circulates energy through the fifth hot-end heat exchanger 20111;
the third thermoelectric generation device 2011 is connected to the third power module 2012 and transmits electric energy to the third power module 2012.
Specifically, the fifth hot side heat exchanger 20111 is in contact with low grade energy to perform heat exchange, and the fifth cold side heat exchanger 20112 is in contact with the heat sink unit 30 to perform heat exchange.
The first cycle module 2013 includes a plurality of cycles, each cycle having a substantially identical flow path, except for a different device, each cycle including a heat generating device, a fluid storage tank, and a fluid pump, the heat generating device being coupled to a fifth hot side heat exchanger 20111, the fifth hot side heat exchanger 20111 being coupled to the fluid storage tank, the fluid storage tank being coupled to the fluid pump, the fluid pump being coupled to the heat generating device, the cycle being completed.
The whole flow is as follows: the detection unit 10 detects that the heat generated by the heating equipment is low-grade energy, circulation is started, fluid with lower temperature in the fluid storage tank is extracted by the fluid pump and is conveyed to the heating equipment, the fluid exchanges heat through the heating equipment, the temperature of the fluid is increased, then the fluid with higher temperature passes through the fifth hot-end heat exchanger 20111, part of the heat is exchanged by the fifth hot-end heat exchanger 20111, the temperature of the fluid is reduced, and the fluid returns to the fluid storage tank again, so that the circulation is completed; meanwhile, the heat sink unit 30 exchanges away part of heat through the fifth cold-end heat exchanger 20112 to be discharged, the third thermoelectric generation device 2011 is driven by the temperature difference between the fifth hot-end heat exchanger 20111 and the fifth cold-end heat exchanger 20112, and converts heat energy into electric energy through a thermoelectric generation technology, and the electric energy is transmitted to the third power module 2012, so that the recycling of low-grade energy is realized.
The heating equipment can be high-power electronic equipment, a steering engine, an accessory gearbox and other devices, the fluid storage tank can be a liquid storage tank, a hydraulic oil tank and a lubricating oil tank correspondingly, and the fluid pump can be a liquid pump, a hydraulic pump and a lubricating oil pump correspondingly.
The lower temperature fluid in the heat sink unit 30 is ram air, fuel, fan ducted air, and a consumable medium.
The temperature difference power generation technology comprises a semiconductor temperature difference power generation technology, an organic Rankine cycle power generation technology and a thermoacoustic cycle power generation technology.
The low-grade energy processing unit 201 may have a plurality of cycles, or may have only one cycle, and each cycle is independent, and may be connected to one third power module 2012 together, or may be connected to one third power module 2012 respectively;
when there are multiple cycles, the heat sink unit 30 also needs to sequentially pass through the multiple fifth cold-end heat exchangers 20112, so as to realize cascade utilization of heat sinks.
Through the arrangement, the first circulation module 2013 is arranged, so that heat generated by the heating equipment is recycled, and meanwhile, fluid is recycled;
the low-grade energy processing unit 201 can convert heat energy into electric energy by adopting a thermoelectric generation technology, and recycle the low-grade energy to provide extra electric energy for the aircraft, and simultaneously reduce the burden of a thermal management system.
Further, for the low-grade energy heat-driven refrigeration recycling method, fig. 8 schematically shows a flow chart of the heat-driven refrigeration technology of the low-grade energy processing unit according to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 8:
the low-grade energy processing unit 201 includes a thermally driven refrigeration device 2014, an environmental control module 2015, and a second circulation module 2016;
two ends of the heat driving refrigerating device 2014 are respectively connected with a sixth hot end heat exchanger 20141 and a sixth cold end heat exchanger 20142, and the sixth cold end heat exchanger 20142 is connected with the heat sink unit 30;
the second circulation module 2016 is connected to the detection unit 10, and the second circulation module 2016 circulates energy through the sixth hot side heat exchanger 20141;
the thermally driven refrigeration unit 2014 is connected to the environmental control module 2015, and delivers cooling energy to the environmental control module 2015.
Specifically, the sixth hot side heat exchanger 20141 is in contact with low grade energy to exchange heat, and the sixth cold side heat exchanger 20142 is in contact with the heat sink unit 30 to exchange heat.
The second circulation module 2016 is identical in structure to the first circulation module 2013 and also includes a plurality of circulation, each including a heat generating device, a fluid storage tank, and a fluid pump;
the whole flow is as follows: the detection unit 10 detects that the heat generated by the heating equipment is low-grade energy, circulation is started, fluid with lower temperature in the fluid storage tank is extracted by the fluid pump and is conveyed to the heating equipment, the fluid exchanges heat through the heating equipment, the temperature of the fluid is increased, then the fluid with higher temperature passes through the sixth hot-end heat exchanger 20141, part of the heat is exchanged by the sixth hot-end heat exchanger 20141, the temperature of the fluid is reduced, and the fluid returns to the fluid storage tank again, so that the circulation is completed; meanwhile, the heat sink unit 30 exchanges away part of heat through the sixth cold-end heat exchanger 20142, and discharges the heat, the heat-driven refrigerating device 2014 is driven by using the temperature difference between the sixth hot-end heat exchanger 20141 and the sixth cold-end heat exchanger 20142, obtains cold energy with lower temperature through a heat-driven refrigerating technology, and transmits the cold energy to the environment control module 2015 to complete recycling of low-grade energy.
The heating equipment can be high-power electronic equipment, a steering engine, an accessory gearbox and other devices, the fluid storage tank can be a liquid storage tank, a hydraulic oil tank and a lubricating oil tank correspondingly, and the fluid pump can be a liquid pump, a hydraulic pump and a lubricating oil pump correspondingly.
The lower temperature fluid in the heat sink unit 30 is ram air, fuel, fan ducted air, and a consumable medium.
The heat driven refrigeration technology includes absorption refrigeration and adsorption refrigeration technology.
The low-grade energy processing unit 201 can have a plurality of loops, or can have only one loop, and each loop is independent, and can be connected with one environment control module 2015 together, or can be connected with one environment control module 2015 respectively;
when there are multiple cycles, the heat sink unit 30 also needs to pass through the multiple sixth cold-end heat exchangers 20142 in sequence, so as to realize cascade utilization of heat sinks.
With the above arrangement, the low-grade energy processing unit 201 converts heat energy into cold energy by using a heat-driven refrigeration technology, and can provide supplementary refrigeration capacity for an environmental control system, for a refrigerator of a kitchen system, and the like.
In summary, through the scheme of the invention, the energy wasted in the energy conversion and utilization process of the electromechanical system is graded according to the temperature, and the low, medium and high grade energy is respectively recycled by adopting a targeted recycling method, so that the multi-grade energy is recycled in a grading way, the utilization efficiency of the whole energy is improved, and the burden of a thermal management system is reduced.
The foregoing description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present application and is presented as a description of the principles of the technology being utilized. It will be appreciated by persons skilled in the art that the scope of the invention referred to in this application is not limited to the specific combinations of features described above, but it is intended to cover other embodiments in which any combination of features described above or equivalents thereof is possible without departing from the spirit of the invention. Such as the above-described features and technical features having similar functions (but not limited to) disclosed in the present application are replaced with each other.
It should be understood that, the sequence numbers of the steps in the summary and the embodiments of the present invention do not necessarily mean the order of execution, and the execution order of the processes should be determined by the functions and the internal logic, and should not be construed as limiting the implementation process of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims (6)

1. A multi-level energy recovery and utilization system, comprising:
a detection unit, a plurality of energy processing units and a heat sink unit;
the detection units are respectively connected with one ends of the energy processing units, detect the grade of energy, and distribute the energy to the corresponding energy processing units according to the grade;
the energy treatment unit recycles the energy;
the heat sink units are respectively connected with the other ends of the energy processing units and are used for carrying out heat dissipation treatment on the energy processing units;
the energy processing unit comprises a low-grade energy processing unit;
the low-grade energy processing unit comprises a third thermoelectric generation device, a third power module and a first circulation module; two ends of the third thermoelectric generation device are respectively connected with a fifth hot end heat exchanger and a fifth cold end heat exchanger, and the fifth cold end heat exchanger is connected with the heat sink unit; the first circulation module is connected with the detection unit and is used for performing energy circulation through the fifth hot-end heat exchanger; the third thermoelectric generation device is connected with the third power module and is used for transmitting electric energy to the third power module;
the low-grade energy processing unit comprises a heat-driven refrigerating device, an environment control module and a second circulation module; the two ends of the heat-driven refrigerating device are respectively connected with a sixth hot-end heat exchanger and a sixth cold-end heat exchanger, and the sixth cold-end heat exchanger is connected with the heat sink unit; the second circulation module is connected with the detection unit and is used for performing energy circulation through the sixth hot-end heat exchanger; the heat-driven refrigerating device is connected with the environment control module and used for conveying cold energy to the environment control module;
the high-quality energy processing unit comprises a first thermoelectric generation device and a first power module;
the two ends of the first thermoelectric generation device are respectively connected with a first hot end heat exchanger and a first cold end heat exchanger, the first hot end heat exchanger is connected with the detection unit, and the first cold end heat exchanger is connected with the heat sink unit;
the first thermoelectric generation device is connected with the first power module and is used for transmitting electric energy to the first power module;
the high-quality energy processing unit comprises a first heat storage device and a first anti-icing heating module;
the two ends of the first heat storage device are respectively connected with a second hot end heat exchanger and a second cold end heat exchanger, the second hot end heat exchanger is connected with the detection unit, and the second cold end heat exchanger is connected with the heat sink unit;
the first heat storage device is connected with the first anti-icing heating module and used for conveying heat energy to the first anti-icing heating module.
2. The multi-grade energy recycling system according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of energy processing units comprises a low grade energy processing unit, a medium grade energy processing unit, and a high grade energy processing unit;
the temperature of the energy processed by the low-grade energy processing unit is lower than that of the energy processed by the medium-grade energy processing unit;
the temperature of the energy processed by the high-grade energy processing unit is higher than that of the energy processed by the medium-grade energy processing unit.
3. The multi-grade energy recycling system according to claim 2, wherein the heat sink unit is connected to the low-grade energy processing unit, the medium-grade energy processing unit, and the high-grade energy processing unit, respectively.
4. The multi-grade energy recycling system according to claim 2, wherein the heat sink unit is connected to the low-grade energy processing unit, the medium-grade energy processing unit and the high-grade energy processing unit in sequence.
5. The multi-grade energy recycling system according to claim 3 or 4, wherein the medium grade energy processing unit comprises a second thermoelectric generation device, a second power module and a first air circulation refrigeration module;
the two ends of the second thermoelectric generation device are respectively connected with a third hot end heat exchanger and a third cold end heat exchanger, the third hot end heat exchanger is respectively connected with the detection unit and the first air circulation refrigeration module, and the third cold end heat exchanger is connected with the heat sink unit;
the second thermoelectric generation device is connected with the second power module and is used for transmitting electric energy to the second power module.
6. The multi-grade energy recycling system according to claim 3 or 4, wherein the medium grade energy processing unit comprises a second heat storage device, a second anti-icing warming module, and a second air circulation cooling module;
the two ends of the second heat storage device are respectively connected with a fourth hot end heat exchanger and a fourth cold end heat exchanger, the fourth hot end heat exchanger is respectively connected with the detection unit and the second air circulation refrigerating module, and the fourth cold end heat exchanger is connected with the heat sink unit;
the second heat storage device is connected with the second anti-icing heating module and used for conveying heat energy to the second anti-icing heating module.
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