CN116145696A - Artificial island cofferdam-free hydraulic reclamation construction method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a cofferdam-free hydraulic reclamation construction method for an artificial island, which comprises the following steps: an antifouling screen is arranged at the periphery of the island-making area, and north sand dike, east sand dike, south sand dike and west sand dike are formed in the island-making area by hydraulic filling; the width of the top of the north sand dike is widened by hydraulic filling on the inner side of the north sand dike; paving sand quilt for the first time on the inner side of east sand dike, the inner side of south sand dike and the inner side of west sand dike; the first-paved eastern sand dike sand quilt, the south sand dike sand quilt and the west sand dike sand quilt and the north sand dike are surrounded to form a region inside which the regions are concentrated and filled; paving a sand quilt on the top of the east sand dike sand quilt, the top of the south sand dike sand quilt and the top of the west sand dike sand quilt for the second time, and forming a sand quilt cofferdam by the sand quilt paved for the first time and the sand quilt paved for the second time together; centralized blowing and filling of sand inside the cofferdam; laying geotextile, facing stone blocks, throwing and filling bedding stones, throwing and filling bottom stone blocks, and installing fence plates. The invention can prevent construction on the inner side of the sand dike from polluting the open sea, can provide a storage yard for sand materials nearby, and is convenient for filling sand to be constructed.

Description

Artificial island cofferdam-free hydraulic reclamation construction method

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of artificial island construction. More particularly, the invention relates to a cofferdam-free hydraulic reclamation construction method for an artificial island.

Background

In the dredging backfill project of the follow-up planning of the Shapezan economic city, dredging residual materials, unloading soil and the like are required to be abandoned in a spoil field appointed by an owner, the distance from the project field is about 9 km, the unqualified soil is required to be cleaned for the second time, in the project implementation stage, in order to reduce the distance of transportation, improve the construction efficiency and the control cost of a cutter suction dredger, the scheme of nearby island making is provided by combining project general diagrams and the actual situation of shortage of land used in the economic city, the dredging residual materials are filled into the north sea area of the original land-making area together, a manual island is filled, the owner can also obtain a larger land-area using area, the problems of long distance blowing and low construction efficiency are solved, the recycling of the dredging materials is realized, and the additional port land is provided for the owner. In the construction process of the artificial island, as the owner adopts the American standard management requirement, the requirement on the environmental protection of the construction is higher, the water quality of the area outside the artificial island needs to be ensured to reach the environmental protection requirement, meanwhile, the given construction period is short, the existing artificial island generally adopts steel pipe piles or steel sheet pile cofferdams to enclose the sea, and then a barge is used for transporting soil and stones or a cutter suction dredger is used for blowing and filling, so that the construction period is difficult to meet the requirement.

Disclosure of Invention

It is an object of the present invention to solve at least the above problems and to provide at least the advantages to be described later.

The invention also aims to provide a cofferdam-free hydraulic filling construction method for the artificial island, which can prevent sand materials from escaping and polluting the sea outside the island-making area by surrounding an anti-pollution screen in the island-making area, and can prevent construction inside the sand dike from polluting the open sea, provide a storage yard for the sand materials nearby and simultaneously facilitate filling sand to be constructed by hydraulic filling the sand materials into the island-making area.

To achieve these objects and other advantages and in accordance with the purpose of the invention, there is provided a method of man-made island cofferdam-free hydraulic reclamation construction, comprising:

firstly, arranging an anti-fouling screen on the periphery of an island-making area, blowing and filling sand materials to the island-making area by using a cutter suction dredger, firstly blowing and filling to form a north sand dike close to an original breakwater, then blowing and filling to sequentially form an east sand dike, a south sand dike and a west sand dike, wherein the elevations of the tops of the north sand dike, the east sand dike, the south sand dike and the west sand dike are above the water surface, determining the mud sand diffusion range by measuring the water depth in the blowing and filling process, detecting the actual diffusion range, adjusting the position of a blowing and filling pipe orifice, keeping the distance between the blowing and filling pipe orifice and the boundary of an artificial island above the diffusion range, after the west sand dike and the north sand dike are closed, heightening the elevations of all sand dikes to the designed height by using an excavator or a bulldozer, arranging a water leakage port and a gate box, and removing the anti-fouling screen;

secondly, filling and widening the width of the top of the north sand dike along the inner side of the north sand dike so as to allow mechanical equipment to pass through;

step three, adopting a spreading and arranging ship to sequentially spread sand quilt for the first time on the inner side of the east sand dike, the inner side of the south sand dike and the inner side of the west sand dike, when the sand quilt is spread, the spreading and arranging ship extracts filling sand on the corresponding sand dike to be poured into the sand quilt, the first-spread sand quilt has m layers, the width of the m layers of sand quilt is gradually reduced from bottom to top to form a trapezoid, and the end parts of two adjacent sand quilts in the extending direction of the sand dike are mutually overlapped so as to prevent gaps from being left among the sand quilts after the sand material is contracted;

fourthly, the inner sides of areas surrounded by the first paved east sand dike sand quilt, the south sand dike sand quilt and the west sand dike sand quilt and the north sand dike are concentrated and filled with sand materials, so that the inner parts of the areas are filled with sand materials;

sequentially paving sand quilts on the top of the east sand dike sand quilt, the top of the south sand dike sand quilt and the top of the west sand dike sand quilt for the second time by adopting a paving and discharging ship, pumping filling sand on the corresponding sand dike and pouring the filling sand into the sand quilts when paving the sand quilts, wherein the width of the sand quilts paved for the second time is gradually reduced from bottom to top to form a trapezoid, the sand quilts paved for the first time and the sand quilts paved for the second time form a sand quilted cofferdam together, and the sand quilts paved for the first time face the outer side face of the sand dike and the sand quilts paved for the second time face the same slope face;

step six, intensively blowing and filling the inside of the region surrounded by the east sand dike sand quilt, the south sand dike sand quilt and the west sand dike sand quilt and the north sand dike for the second time to fill the inside of the region with sand materials;

sequentially paving geotextile and facing block stones on the common slope and the top of the second paved sand quilt, backfilling sand materials on the inner side of the sand quilt to the same height as the facing block stones, continuously throwing and filling the facing block stones on the top of the facing block stones to the designed elevation, and continuously backfilling sand materials on the inner side of the sand quilt to the designed elevation;

and step eight, throwing and filling bedding stones on the slope protection stones of the common slope surface, leveling, throwing and filling and leveling the bottom protection stones on the slope feet of the common slope surface, and then installing fence plates on the surfaces of the bedding stones.

Preferably, the sand is processed into a rectangle, the width of the sand quilt is increased by 3% allowance for the width of a cofferdam dyke core of the sand quilt, the filling thickness of the sand quilt is 60-80 cm, a plurality of rows of filling cuffs communicated with the inside of the sand quilt are arranged on one surface of the sand quilt, the diameter of each filling cuff is 30cm, the length of each filling cuff is 20cm, and reinforcing belts are uniformly arranged at two ends of the sand quilt at intervals along the width direction.

Preferably, the process of laying the sand cover by using the laying ship comprises the following steps:

measuring and rechecking the seabed elevation where sand is paved and arranged by adopting a positioning system and a detector;

anchoring and positioning the laying ship, and binding the sand barge close to the laying ship together, wherein the sand barge moves along with the movement of the laying ship in the construction process;

flattening one end of a sand quilt wound on a roller on a spreading ship on a deck of the spreading ship, unreeling the sand quilt, enabling a first row of filling cuffs at one end of the sand quilt to be positioned on a sliding plate on the side of the spreading ship, pumping sand materials of a sand dike by adopting a sand pumping pump on a sand barge, and filling the sand materials pumped by the sand pumping pump into the sand quilt by inserting a sand filling pipe into the filling cuffs;

after the sand at the first row of filling cuffs is filled by the sections, the first row of filling cuffs is bound by ropes, the sand is used for sliding into the seabed by self weight, the spreading ship and the sand barge are moved a little along the extending direction of the sand dike, the sand is positioned on the sliding plate by the second row of filling cuffs, then the sand filling pipe is inserted into the second row of filling cuffs and starts to fill sand, after the sand at the second row of filling cuffs is filled by the sections, the second row of filling cuffs is bound by the ropes, the sand is used for sliding into the seabed by self weight, and the sand is circulated until the whole sand is spread.

Preferably, the sand filling amount of the sand quilt is 75-85%, the shape of the sand quilt is checked by a measuring instrument after each sand quilt is paved, and if obvious grooves are found to be difficult to treat, the sand quilt is filled by sand bags.

Preferably, the geotextile laying method comprises the following steps:

winding the geotextile sewn in advance on a square-lapel roller;

positioning the square barge at the slope foot position of the common slope by utilizing a positioning system, unreeling geotextile, binding sand bags at the end parts of the geotextile, and immersing the geotextile in the sea;

spreading the square barge sand by a cofferdam side-shifting ship, and binding heavy objects on geotechnical cloth every 5-6 m to facilitate sinking.

Preferably, the method for installing the fence panel includes:

transferring the fence plates to the site from a storage yard after prefabrication is completed, installing the fence plates in a sloping manner, and installing the fence plates from the slope feet of the common slope surface to the slope tops;

the fence board is matched with an underwater diver during installation, and the underwater diver transmits information on water to command the installation of the fence board;

respectively placing prefabricated concrete piers on the slope feet and the slope tops of the common slope surface, and connecting the concrete piers on the slope bottoms and the slope tops by lead wires to form a control line along the slope surface direction;

uniformly placing prefabricated concrete piers at intervals on the toe extension lines of the common slope, and connecting two adjacent concrete piers on the toe with lead wires to form a control line along the toe direction;

prefabricated trapezoid blocks are uniformly arranged between two adjacent concrete piers of a toe at intervals, and fence plates are arranged on the sides, close to the slopes, of the two adjacent trapezoid blocks, so that the trapezoid blocks position the fence plates and prop against the bottoms of the fence plates to play a role in stabilizing the presser foot;

and after the installation of the lower fence plate is completed, immediately throwing and filling the foot protection stone to the designed elevation so as to prevent the fence plate from instable and sliding downwards, and throwing the stone and simultaneously installing the upper fence plate.

The invention at least comprises the following beneficial effects: the anti-pollution screen is arranged on the island making area in a surrounding mode, sand materials can be prevented from being scattered to pollute the sea outside the island making area, sand dykes are formed by blowing and filling the sand materials into the island making area, construction of the inner sides of the sand dykes can be prevented from polluting the open sea, a storage yard can be provided for the sand materials nearby, and meanwhile filling sand is convenient to construct. Compared with the existing construction method for the island construction of the steel pipe pile or the steel sheet pile cofferdam in the sea, the construction method does not need pile foundation construction in the sea, only needs to carry out hydraulic filling and paving operations, greatly reduces construction difficulty, greatly improves construction efficiency, shortens construction period, and can meet the environmental protection requirements of owners.

Additional advantages, objects, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and in part will become apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following or may be learned from practice of the invention.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a construction schematic diagram of a step one of a cofferdam-free hydraulic reclamation construction method for an artificial island according to an embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 2 is a construction schematic diagram of a second step of a cofferdam-free hydraulic reclamation construction method for an artificial island according to the embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 3 is a construction schematic diagram of a third step of a cofferdam-free hydraulic reclamation construction method for an artificial island according to the embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 4 is a construction schematic diagram of a fourth step of the cofferdam-free hydraulic reclamation construction method for an artificial island according to the embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 5 is a construction schematic diagram of a step five of a cofferdam-free hydraulic reclamation construction method for an artificial island according to the embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 6 is a construction schematic diagram of a step seven of a cofferdam-free hydraulic reclamation construction method for an artificial island according to an embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a construction of throwing and leveling bedding stones in the eighth step of the cofferdam-free hydraulic reclamation construction method for an artificial island according to the embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a construction of installing fence plates on the surface of bedding stones in a step eight of the cofferdam-free hydraulic reclamation construction method for an artificial island according to the embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 9 is a schematic top view of a sand quilt according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram showing a front view of a sand quilt according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 11 is a schematic top view of a spread ship according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 12 is a schematic view of a construction of a sand-laying quilt of a sand-laying ship according to an embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 13 is a schematic view of geotextile laying construction according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 14 is a schematic view of the construction of the concrete pier layout according to the embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed Description

The present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the drawings to enable those skilled in the art to practice the invention by referring to the description.

It should be noted that the experimental methods described in the following embodiments, unless otherwise specified, are all conventional methods, and the reagents and materials, unless otherwise specified, are all commercially available; in the description of the present invention, the terms "transverse", "longitudinal", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and thus are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.

The invention provides a cofferdam-free hydraulic reclamation construction method for an artificial island, which comprises the following steps:

firstly, arranging an anti-fouling screen on the periphery of an island-making area, blowing and filling sand materials to the island-making area by using a cutter suction dredger, firstly blowing and filling to form a north sand dike close to an original breakwater, then blowing and filling to sequentially form an east sand dike, a south sand dike and a west sand dike, wherein the elevations of the tops of the north sand dike, the east sand dike, the south sand dike and the west sand dike are above the water surface, determining the mud sand diffusion range by measuring the water depth in the blowing and filling process, detecting the actual diffusion range, adjusting the position of a blowing and filling pipe orifice, keeping the distance between the blowing and filling pipe orifice and the boundary of an artificial island above the diffusion range, after the west sand dike and the north sand dike are closed, heightening the elevations of all sand dikes to the designed height by using an excavator or a bulldozer, arranging a water leakage port and a gate box, and removing the anti-fouling screen;

specifically, sand cofferdam with the top 2.5m above the water surface is formed in the anti-fouling screen by hydraulic filling, the hydraulic filling is sequentially carried out according to the sequence of 1- & gt 2- & gt 3- & gt 4 as shown in figure 1, and during the hydraulic filling process, the natural slope ratio of the sand dike under stormy waves is detected and used for determining the shortest distance of the sand dike from the revetment structure on the premise of not influencing the revetment construction substrate. Through actual measurement and monitoring, the hydraulic reclamation port needs to be 200m away from the inner side of the bottom of the revetment, and the yielding hydraulic reclamation gradient is about 1:20. In the hydraulic filling process, the on-site water depth needs to be monitored in real time according to hydraulic filling.

Secondly, filling and widening the width of the top of the north sand dike along the inner side of the north sand dike so as to allow mechanical equipment to pass through;

specifically, as shown in fig. 2, the sand dike is widened along the range of the sand dike 1 at the inner side of the sand dike, so that the top width is about 15m, and the sand dike can be used for mechanical equipment to pass.

Step three, sequentially paving sand covers on the inner side of the east sand dike, the inner side of the south sand dike and the inner side of the west sand dike for the first time by adopting a paving and arranging ship, pumping filling sand on the corresponding sand dike to be poured into the sand covers when paving the sand covers, wherein the first paved sand covers have m layers, the width of the m layers of sand covers gradually decreases from bottom to top to form a trapezoid, and the end parts of two adjacent sand covers in the extending direction of the sand dike are mutually overlapped to prevent gaps from being left among the sand covers after sand materials shrink, as shown in figure 3;

specifically, the first sand laying is filled to 2.5m below the water surface, and the elevation of the natural seabed mud surface of the construction site is-5.5 to-7 m, so that the number of sand layers required by each section of sand to be used for the dam and the width of the sand to be used for the bottom layer are gradually changed. Taking the original mud surface elevation of-6.5 as an example, the width of the first layer of sand quilt is about 20m, the height is about 0.6m, and 7 layers of sand quilt are needed for paving the first layer of sand quilt to-2.5 m.

Step four, the inner sides of areas surrounded by the first paved east sand dike sand, south sand dike sand and west sand dike sand and north sand dike are concentrated and filled with sand materials, so that the inner parts of the areas are filled with sand materials, as shown in fig. 4;

specifically, after the first laid sand is finished, the sand can be concentrated and filled in the inner side of the area surrounded by the sand and the north sand dike. Meanwhile, as the sand is filled with sand by blowing to form an inverted triangle concave area, the concave area can be filled with split refutes.

Sequentially paving sand quilts on the top of the east sand dike sand quilt, the top of the south sand dike sand quilt and the top of the west sand dike sand quilt for the second time by adopting a paving and discharging ship, pumping filling sand on the corresponding sand dike and pouring the filling sand into the sand quilts when paving the sand quilts, gradually reducing the width of the sand quilts of the second time from bottom to top to form a trapezoid, forming a sand quilt cofferdam by the sand quilts of the first time and the sand quilts of the second time, and forming a common slope by the sand quilts of the first time facing the outer side surface of the sand dike and the sand quilts of the second time facing the outer side surface of the sand dike, as shown in fig. 5;

specifically, the second sand laying is filled from 2.5m below the water surface to 1m above the water surface, about 6 layers of sand are needed, and the number of layers of sand and Hou Suke are adjusted according to the site conditions.

Step six, intensively blowing and filling the inside of the region surrounded by the east sand dike sand quilt, the south sand dike sand quilt and the west sand dike sand quilt and the north sand dike for the second time to fill the inside of the region with sand materials;

sequentially paving geotextile and facing block stones on the common slope and the top of the second paved sand quilt, backfilling sand materials on the inner side of the sand quilt to the same height as the facing block stones, continuously throwing the facing block stones on the top of the facing block stones to the designed elevation, and continuously backfilling sand materials on the inner side of the sand quilt to the designed elevation, as shown in fig. 6;

step eight, throwing and filling bedding stones on the protection stones of the common slope surface, leveling, throwing and filling the protection stones on the slope feet of the common slope surface, leveling, and installing fence plates on the surfaces of the bedding stones, as shown in fig. 7-8.

In the construction process, the anti-pollution screen is arranged on the island-making area, so that sand can be prevented from escaping to pollute the sea outside the island-making area, sand can be filled into the island-making area to form the sand dike, the construction of the inner side of the sand dike can be prevented from polluting the open sea, a storage yard can be provided for the sand nearby, and meanwhile, the sand filling is convenient to construct. Compared with the existing construction method for the island construction of the steel pipe pile or the steel sheet pile cofferdam in the sea, the construction method does not need pile foundation construction in the sea, only needs to carry out hydraulic filling and paving operations, greatly reduces construction difficulty, greatly improves construction efficiency, shortens construction period, and can meet the environmental protection requirements of owners.

In another embodiment, the sand is processed into a rectangle, the width of the sand is increased by 3% allowance for the width of a cofferdam dyke core of the sand, the filling thickness of the sand is 60-80 cm, one surface of the sand is provided with a plurality of rows of filling cuffs communicated with the inside of the sand, the diameter of each filling cuff is 30cm, the length of each filling cuff is 20cm, and two ends of the sand are uniformly provided with reinforcing belts at intervals along the width direction, as shown in fig. 9-10.

Specifically, the sand was used at 200g/m ² The polypropylene woven cloth is an anti-aging material, and the specification performance is shown in the following table 1:

TABLE 1

Description: 1. the table indicates the index that must be reached, the remaining index allows for a deviation of-5%;

the sand quilt is spliced and sewn by adopting an overseam method, three layers are folded at the spliced position, the width is 5-10 cm, and three seams (one seam is firstly sewn and two seams are later sewn) are sewn by adopting a 35-ply chinlon yarn industrial sewing machine, so that the seam is required to be firm, and the strength is not lower than 90% of the design strength of the original fabric. The line-to-line spacing is uniform, preferably controlled to about 1 cm. The sewing thread should have consistent tightness, the stitch interval should be 12-13 needles/10 cm, and the occurrence of needle skipping is forbidden. The joints of each sand bag should not be too much, the distance between adjacent joints should be more than 2m, and the exposed part after the section is molded is not provided with joints. Considering that the longitudinal layer staggered joint of the sand quilt bag is not smaller than 3m, each layer is required to be manufactured into a special-shaped bag according to actual conditions so as to meet the staggered joint requirement. Along with the reduction of the section of the upper sand quilt bag, the longitudinal manufacturing length is correspondingly increased.

The sand quilt surface is provided with cuffs, and the cuff material is 150g/m ² The weaving cloth is woven with the interval of 3.5 multiplied by 3.5m or is correspondingly adjusted according to the actual situation. The reinforced belt is made of polypropylene reinforced belt with width of 5cm, at least 2 times of sewing is required, and the needle distance is smaller than 10mm.

After the sand is sewn, the sand is folded and formed, is piled at a shade and dry place, and the size and filling position of a sand bag are noted, and the geotextile with the storage period exceeding 6 months or the aging and damage phenomena can not be used uniformly.

In another embodiment, as shown in fig. 11, the laying ship is provided with a roller, a winch for driving the roller, a sliding plate hinged on the ship board, a hanging bracket arranged on the deck, a guy cable bypassing the hanging bracket and used for hanging the sliding plate, and a winch connected with the guy cable for driving the sliding plate to turn over.

The process of paving the sand quilt by adopting the paving and arranging ship comprises the following steps:

measuring and rechecking the seabed elevation where sand is paved and arranged by adopting a positioning system and a detector;

anchoring and positioning the laying ship, and binding the sand barge close to the laying ship together, wherein the sand barge moves along with the movement of the laying ship in the construction process;

flattening one end of a sand quilt wound on a roller on a spreading ship on a deck of the spreading ship, unreeling the sand quilt, enabling a first row of filling cuffs at one end of the sand quilt to be positioned on a sliding plate on the side of the spreading ship, pumping sand materials of a sand dike by adopting a sand pumping pump on a sand barge, and filling the sand materials pumped by the sand pumping pump into the sand quilt by inserting a sand filling pipe into the filling cuffs;

after the sand at the first row of filling cuffs is filled by the sections, the first row of filling cuffs is bound by ropes, the sand slides into the seabed by self weight, the spreading ship and the sand barge are moved a little along the extending direction of the sand dike, the sand is positioned on the sliding plate by the second row of filling cuffs, then the sand filling pipe is inserted into the second row of filling cuffs and starts to fill sand, after the sand at the second row of filling cuffs is filled by the sections, the second row of filling cuffs is bound by the ropes, the sand slides into the seabed by self weight, and the sand is circulated until the whole sand is spread, as shown in fig. 12.

In the concrete construction process, the sand filling amount of the sand quilt is 75-85%, after each sand quilt is paved, the shape of the sand quilt is checked by using a measuring instrument, and if the obvious grooves are found to be difficult to treat, the sand quilt is filled by using a sand bag.

Each layer of newly laid sand bags needs to be lapped with the finished sand bags by 0.2-0.3 m, so that larger pores are prevented from being left between the sand bags after the sand materials shrink. The filled sand bags are often measured in the construction process, the actual positions, elevations and side slope formation conditions of the sand bags are mastered, and the construction is guided to be carried out smoothly.

The construction control criteria for the sand quilt cofferdam are shown in table 2 below:

TABLE 2

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The sand quilt in the embodiment is sewn integrally, sand bags are integrated into a bag sand quilt, gaps existing between the sand bags are reduced, the formed sand quilt cofferdam is more compact, meanwhile, compared with the original single sand bags, the sand quilt is far more than the single sand bags in weight after being filled with sand materials, so that the water flow scouring resistance is stronger, the probability of displacement after the sand quilt cofferdam is formed is lowered, in addition, the structural construction can be completed through one-time positioning during the sand quilt construction, multiple positioning is not needed, and the sand quilt is filled with sand materials and is continuously constructed in a paving mode, so that the construction efficiency is high.

In another embodiment, as shown in fig. 13, the geotextile laying method includes:

winding the geotextile sewn in advance on a square-lapel roller;

positioning the square barge at the slope foot position of the common slope by utilizing a positioning system, unreeling geotextile, binding sand bags at the end parts of the geotextile, and immersing the geotextile in the sea;

spreading the square barge sand by a cofferdam side-shifting ship, and binding heavy objects on geotechnical cloth every 5-6 m to facilitate sinking.

In the seventh step, after the geotextile is pulled to the surface of the shore covered sand bag, enough length is reserved, the facing stone construction above the sand quilt is carried out, after the first stone throwing construction is carried out to +1.6mCD, the geotextile is tensioned to be close to the stone throwing slope, the sand is backfilled to the same elevation, then the second stone throwing construction is carried out to +2.5mCD, the geotextile is tensioned again to be close to the stone throwing slope, and the geotextile construction is completed after the sand is backfilled to +2.5mCD, so that the final construction section is shown in fig. 6.

In another embodiment, the method of installing a fence panel includes:

transferring the fence plates to the site from a storage yard after prefabrication is completed, installing the fence plates in a slope hanging mode, wherein the installation is performed from the slope feet of the common slope surface to the slope tops, the bottom layer is installed by adopting a 150 t crane, and the top layer can be installed by adopting an 80t crane;

the fence panels have 2 total dimensions: 3.75 x 3m and 3.25 x 3m, and first prefabricating 3.25 x 3m fence panels, and after prefabrication of the size fence panels, lengthening the bottom die and the side die, prefabricating 3.75 x 3m fence panels. The dimensional accuracy requirements of the fence panel are shown in table 3 below:

TABLE 3 Table 3

The fence board is matched with an underwater diver during installation, and the underwater diver transmits information on water to command the installation of the fence board;

respectively placing prefabricated concrete piers on the slope feet and the slope tops of the common slope surface, and connecting the concrete piers on the slope bottoms and the slope tops by lead wires to form a control line along the slope surface direction;

uniformly placing prefabricated concrete piers at intervals on the toe extension lines of the common slope, and connecting two adjacent concrete piers on the toe with lead wires to form a control line along the toe direction;

prefabricated trapezoid blocks are uniformly arranged between two adjacent concrete piers of a toe at intervals, and fence plates are arranged on the sides, close to the slopes, of the two adjacent trapezoid blocks, so that the trapezoid blocks position the fence plates and support against the bottoms of the fence plates to play a role in stabilizing the pressure feet, as shown in fig. 14;

immediately after the lower fence plate is installed, the foot protection stone is thrown and filled to the designed elevation so as to prevent the fence plate from instable and sliding downwards, and the upper fence plate is installed by throwing the stone at the same time, as shown in figure 8.

Although embodiments of the present invention have been disclosed above, it is not limited to the details and embodiments shown and described, it is well suited to various fields of use for which the invention would be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and accordingly, the invention is not limited to the specific details and illustrations shown and described herein, without departing from the general concepts defined in the claims and their equivalents.

Claims (6)

1. The construction method of the artificial island cofferdam-free hydraulic reclamation is characterized by comprising the following steps:

firstly, arranging an anti-fouling screen on the periphery of an island-making area, blowing and filling sand materials to the island-making area by using a cutter suction dredger, firstly blowing and filling to form a north sand dike close to an original breakwater, then blowing and filling to sequentially form an east sand dike, a south sand dike and a west sand dike, wherein the elevations of the tops of the north sand dike, the east sand dike, the south sand dike and the west sand dike are above the water surface, determining the mud sand diffusion range by measuring the water depth in the blowing and filling process, detecting the actual diffusion range, adjusting the position of a blowing and filling pipe orifice, keeping the distance between the blowing and filling pipe orifice and the boundary of an artificial island above the diffusion range, after the west sand dike and the north sand dike are closed, heightening the elevations of all sand dikes to the designed height by using an excavator or a bulldozer, arranging a water leakage port and a gate box, and removing the anti-fouling screen;

secondly, filling and widening the width of the top of the north sand dike along the inner side of the north sand dike so as to allow mechanical equipment to pass through;

step three, adopting a spreading and arranging ship to sequentially spread sand quilt for the first time on the inner side of the east sand dike, the inner side of the south sand dike and the inner side of the west sand dike, when the sand quilt is spread, the spreading and arranging ship extracts filling sand on the corresponding sand dike to be poured into the sand quilt, the first-spread sand quilt has m layers, the width of the m layers of sand quilt is gradually reduced from bottom to top to form a trapezoid, and the end parts of two adjacent sand quilts in the extending direction of the sand dike are mutually overlapped so as to prevent gaps from being left among the sand quilts after the sand material is contracted;

fourthly, the inner sides of areas surrounded by the first paved east sand dike sand quilt, the south sand dike sand quilt and the west sand dike sand quilt and the north sand dike are concentrated and filled with sand materials, so that the inner parts of the areas are filled with sand materials;

sequentially paving sand quilts on the top of the east sand dike sand quilt, the top of the south sand dike sand quilt and the top of the west sand dike sand quilt for the second time by adopting a paving and discharging ship, pumping filling sand on the corresponding sand dike and pouring the filling sand into the sand quilts when paving the sand quilts, wherein the width of the sand quilts paved for the second time is gradually reduced from bottom to top to form a trapezoid, the sand quilts paved for the first time and the sand quilts paved for the second time form a sand quilted cofferdam together, and the sand quilts paved for the first time face the outer side face of the sand dike and the sand quilts paved for the second time face the same slope face;

step six, intensively blowing and filling the inside of the region surrounded by the east sand dike sand quilt, the south sand dike sand quilt and the west sand dike sand quilt and the north sand dike for the second time to fill the inside of the region with sand materials;

sequentially paving geotextile and facing block stones on the common slope and the top of the second paved sand quilt, backfilling sand materials on the inner side of the sand quilt to the same height as the facing block stones, continuously throwing and filling the facing block stones on the top of the facing block stones to the designed elevation, and continuously backfilling sand materials on the inner side of the sand quilt to the designed elevation;

and step eight, throwing and filling bedding stones on the slope protection stones of the common slope surface, leveling, throwing and filling and leveling the bottom protection stones on the slope feet of the common slope surface, and then installing fence plates on the surfaces of the bedding stones.

2. The cofferdam-free hydraulic reclamation construction method of an artificial island as claimed in claim 1, wherein the sand is processed into a rectangle shape, the width of the sand is increased by 3% allowance for the width of a cofferdam core of the sand, the filling thickness of the sand quilt is 60-80 cm, one surface of the sand quilt is provided with a plurality of rows of filling cuffs communicated with the inside of the sand quilt, the diameter of each filling cuff is 30cm, the length of each filling cuff is 20cm, and the two ends of the sand quilt are uniformly provided with reinforcing strips at intervals along the width direction.

3. The method for constructing the cofferdam-free hydraulic reclamation of the artificial island as recited in claim 2, wherein the process of paving the sand quilt by using the paving ship comprises the following steps:

measuring and rechecking the seabed elevation where sand is paved and arranged by adopting a positioning system and a detector;

anchoring and positioning the laying ship, and binding the sand barge close to the laying ship together, wherein the sand barge moves along with the movement of the laying ship in the construction process;

flattening one end of a sand quilt wound on a roller on a spreading ship on a deck of the spreading ship, unreeling the sand quilt, enabling a first row of filling cuffs at one end of the sand quilt to be positioned on a sliding plate on the side of the spreading ship, pumping sand materials of a sand dike by adopting a sand pumping pump on a sand barge, and filling the sand materials pumped by the sand pumping pump into the sand quilt by inserting a sand filling pipe into the filling cuffs;

after the sand at the first row of filling cuffs is filled by the sections, the first row of filling cuffs is bound by ropes, the sand is used for sliding into the seabed by self weight, the spreading ship and the sand barge are moved a little along the extending direction of the sand dike, the sand is positioned on the sliding plate by the second row of filling cuffs, then the sand filling pipe is inserted into the second row of filling cuffs and starts to fill sand, after the sand at the second row of filling cuffs is filled by the sections, the second row of filling cuffs is bound by the ropes, the sand is used for sliding into the seabed by self weight, and the sand is circulated until the whole sand is spread.

4. A method of artificial island cofferdam-free hydraulic reclamation construction as in claim 3, wherein the sand filling amount of the sand quilt is 75-85%, the shape of the sand quilt is checked by a measuring instrument after each sand quilt is laid, and if the obvious groove is found to be difficult to treat, the sand quilt is filled by a sand bag.

5. The artificial island cofferdam-free hydraulic reclamation construction method as recited in claim 1, wherein the geotextile laying method comprises the following steps:

winding the geotextile sewn in advance on a square-lapel roller;

positioning the square barge at the slope foot position of the common slope by utilizing a positioning system, unreeling geotextile, binding sand bags at the end parts of the geotextile, and immersing the geotextile in the sea;

spreading the square barge sand by a cofferdam side-shifting ship, and binding heavy objects on geotechnical cloth every 5-6 m to facilitate sinking.

6. The artificial island cofferdam-free hydraulic reclamation method as recited in claim 1, wherein said fence panel installation method comprises:

transferring the fence plates to the site from a storage yard after prefabrication is completed, installing the fence plates in a sloping manner, and installing the fence plates from the slope feet of the common slope surface to the slope tops;

the fence board is matched with an underwater diver during installation, and the underwater diver transmits information on water to command the installation of the fence board;

respectively placing prefabricated concrete piers on the slope feet and the slope tops of the common slope surface, and connecting the concrete piers on the slope bottoms and the slope tops by lead wires to form a control line along the slope surface direction;

uniformly placing prefabricated concrete piers at intervals on the toe extension lines of the common slope, and connecting two adjacent concrete piers on the toe with lead wires to form a control line along the toe direction;

prefabricated trapezoid blocks are uniformly arranged between two adjacent concrete piers of a toe at intervals, and fence plates are arranged on the sides, close to the slopes, of the two adjacent trapezoid blocks, so that the trapezoid blocks position the fence plates and prop against the bottoms of the fence plates to play a role in stabilizing the presser foot;

and after the installation of the lower fence plate is completed, immediately throwing and filling the foot protection stone to the designed elevation so as to prevent the fence plate from instable and sliding downwards, and throwing the stone and simultaneously installing the upper fence plate.

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