CN108930255B - Construction method of reclamation channel - Google Patents
Construction method of reclamation channel Download PDFInfo
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- CN108930255B CN108930255B CN201810985565.8A CN201810985565A CN108930255B CN 108930255 B CN108930255 B CN 108930255B CN 201810985565 A CN201810985565 A CN 201810985565A CN 108930255 B CN108930255 B CN 108930255B
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
- E02B3/18—Reclamation of land from water or marshes
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
- E02B3/04—Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
- E02B3/10—Dams; Dykes; Sluice ways or other structures for dykes, dams, or the like
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Abstract
The invention discloses a construction method of a reclamation channel, which comprises four stages, wherein the first stage is a preparation stage and comprises geotextile processing and concrete member prefabrication; the second section is the construction of a protective surface embankment body structure and comprises the steps of measuring and positioning, bottom protection construction, embankment body construction, inverted filter layer laying, protective surface block stone cushion layer construction, foot ballast construction, wave wall construction and protective surface structure installation; the third stage is road surface construction; the fourth stage is completion acceptance. The bottom protection construction comprises a sand rib soft row laying step and a bottom protection block stone throwing step; the step of laying the sand rib soft row comprises a step of laying the sand rib soft row on the drainage and a step of laying the sand rib soft row on land; the embankment body construction comprises a step of filling sand bags and a step of filling sand into the embankment core by blowing; the mounting of the surface protection structure comprises a placement step of a twisted Chinese character 'Wang' block and a placement step of a four-foot hollow square block; the pavement construction comprises a geotextile laying step and a two-piece stone laying step; the construction method of the invention not only can improve the integral stability of the channel, but also can accelerate the construction speed.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a construction method of a reclamation channel.
Background
In recent years, with the continuous and rapid development of urban construction, the problem of land resource shortage is increasingly serious, and the development and utilization of mudflats become an important way for opening up new land resources. Especially in coastal areas, the beach reclamation plays a great role in promoting the sustainable development of regional economy. The mudflat is an important reserve land resource in China, and has the characteristics of large area, centralized distribution, good regional conditions and large comprehensive development potential in agriculture, animal husbandry and fishery. The utilization of the mudflat is mainly reclamation. The reclamation beach is a project of building a dike and stopping the sea in a section with large fluctuation tidal range difference on the coastal beach, preventing the tide from dipping and discharging seawater in the dike to cause the land, and using the beach on the seaside for agricultural production. The building of the dike is an important link of the reclamation beach engineering. The dike is located in an open sea area without shield, is greatly influenced by wind, waves and tides, has long construction period and needs to go through cold tides, spring festival holidays and typhoon seasons, so that a construction unit needs to research by selecting a proper construction process and a proper period.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a construction method of a reclamation channel, which can reduce the differential settlement and the lateral displacement of an embankment base, improve the overall stability of the embankment base, accelerate the construction speed and ensure the construction quality.
The purpose of the invention is realized as follows: a construction method of a reclamation channel is characterized in that the reclamation channel is of a slope embankment structure in the east-west direction, and the slope ratio is 1: 2; the elevation of the deepest beach surface is-3.1 m, the elevation of a common beach surface is +1.3m, and the elevation of the highest beach surface is +2.48 m; the bottom of the dyke body adopts a sand rib soft row; the bottom protection adopts sand rib soft raft and ballast 50-100 kg of block stones; filling sand bags are adopted for the south and north prisms of the dike body, and blowing filling sand is adopted for the elevation of the dike core of more than 2.1 m; the side slopes of the south prism and the north prism adopt an inverted filter layer foundation; the protective surface structures of the south prism body and the north prism body are a four-foot hollow square block and a twisted king character block in a one-to-one correspondence manner; c25 plain concrete wave-retaining walls are arranged on the south side and the north side of the top of the dike; the ballast is provided with a 150-300 kg block stone platform; the embankment top pavement adopts two simple stone surface layers; the construction method is characterized by comprising four stages, wherein the first stage is a preparation stage and comprises geotextile processing and concrete member prefabrication; the second section is the construction of a protective surface embankment body structure and comprises the steps of measuring and positioning, bottom protection construction, embankment body construction, inverted filter layer laying, protective surface block stone cushion layer construction, foot ballast construction, wave wall construction and protective surface structure installation; the third stage is road surface construction; the fourth stage is completion acceptance;
the bottom protection construction comprises a sand rib soft row laying step and a bottom protection block stone throwing step;
the step of laying the sand rib soft row comprises a step of laying the sand rib soft row on the drainage water and a step of laying the sand rib soft row on land;
when the step of laying the sand rib soft body on the water is carried out, a laying ship is adopted and comprises the following procedures:
1) the laying ship is provided with a set of computer, a set of GPS positioning receiver and a set of GPS positioning software; starting a computer before construction, operating GPS positioning software, inputting relevant laying parameters by a constructor according to design, displaying a dynamic ship position graph of a construction ship by the computer, displaying a laying position by a ship transfer worker according to the GPS positioning software, moving a laying ship to the sand quilt or filling bag initial position, indicating that the construction ship reaches the design position when the deviation value and the displacement value displayed by the computer reach the allowable error range, and starting laying by the approval of a field supervision engineer;
2) the soft drainage channel is transported to a construction site, a crane is used for lifting the soft drainage channel to a deck, an operator expands the bottom cloth of the drainage body under the assistance of the crane, a pull ring at the tail part of the bottom cloth of the drainage body is tied with a steel cable on a roller of a laying ship, a roller switch is started to automatically roll the bottom cloth of the drainage body into the roller until the head part of the bottom cloth of the drainage body is flatly arranged at the front edge of a turning plate of the laying ship and a first sand discharging rib is arranged on a ship board of the laying ship, and the roller is stopped from rolling into the bottom cloth;
3) penetrating a sand ribbed bag into a reinforced ring of the bottom cloth of the row body on the deck, and taking sand from a sand supply ship by a mud pump and filling the sand ribbed bag with the sand; after the first sand rib filling is finished, putting down the turning plate and starting the roller to unreel the raft body base cloth, and discharging the soft body to the beach surface by using the self weight of the raft body base cloth and the sand ribs; after the first sinking, the position of the laying ship is kept unchanged, and when the next sinking is carried out, the laying ship moves along a pre-designed axis under the dynamic display guidance of DGPS system software; the subsequent each time of the laying takes the space between one sand rib as the standard, the sand rib is filled with sand, and the ship is moved and laid to form the circular operation, so that the whole process is uninterrupted, the moving speed of the laying ship is adapted to the moving speed, and the ship moving speed is synchronous with the soft body laying water until the whole soft body laying sinking is finished; the first lay length is calculated as follows:
L＝H+h-L1×sin35°+L2
wherein: l is the first laying length; h is the height of the ship board; h is the water depth; l1 is the flap length; l2 is the discharge loading length;
when the step of laying the sand rib soft row on land is carried out, a traffic ship is adopted to carry the sand rib soft row to the position near a construction site at high tide, and the sand rib soft row is manually laid when the sand rib soft row is exposed at a low tide position; laying the soft rows in a whole block from one side edge to the other side edge in a way of being vertical to the axis of the channel, wherein the effective overlapping width of two adjacent soft rows in the axis direction of the channel is not less than 3.0m, the sand rib spans the overlapping position, and then starting a slurry pump to fill the sand rib bags to ballast the rows;
when the bottom protection block stone throwing step is carried out, an overwater throwing and filling process is adopted, firstly, a GPS positioning system is utilized for construction lofting and calibration, a measurer measures and places a section control line every 20m in a stone throwing area, two points are arranged on each section, a bamboo pole is inserted to make an obvious mark, and a stone throwing top elevation control line is carved on the bamboo pole; for the area with the beach surface elevation smaller than +2.2m, directly anchoring and positioning the area to an appointed section position by the sea-going vessel in low tide, and quantitatively filling according to the square amount of the section; for the area with the elevation of the beach surface more than +3.2m, the sea-crane ship transfers the rock blocks to a small deep bay barge with shallow draft, the deep bay barge is directly anchored and positioned to the position of a specified section when waiting for the low tide, and quantitative filling is carried out according to the square amount of the section;
the embankment body construction comprises a step of filling sand bags and a step of filling sand into an embankment core by blowing;
the step of laying the sand-filled bags comprises the following steps:
1) adopting a mobile GPS to measure and loft on site, and marking the outer edge line and the inner edge line of the filling sand bag prism;
2) the filling sand bag is laid along the axis direction of the channel, the bottom layer sand bag is laid when the tide level is low, and the cuff part is upward; the filling sand is directly filled by a sand suction boat, a filling pipe opening is connected with a cuff, and the cuff is bound after the filling of the filling sand bag is finished, so that sand leakage is prevented; the upper bag body and the lower bag body are staggered and stacked and are pushed in a stepped manner;
when the step of filling the dike-center sand by blowing is carried out, carrying out layered backfilling according to different elevations;
laying the inverted filter layer by two times; when the elevation of the sand filling bag reaches +3.4m, firstly laying a reverse filter layer at the bottom protecting part, and timely ballasting by using bagged broken stones after laying; when the elevation of the sand filling bag reaches +6.0m, laying a reverse filter layer of the facing structure part, and similarly ballasting by using bagged broken stones, wherein the laying of the reverse filter layer comprises a reverse filter geotextile laying step and a bagged broken stone laying step;
when the step of laying the anti-filtration geotextile is carried out, filling the empty space between the sand filling bags with small sand filling bags, finishing the side slope manually, laying the anti-filtration geotextile in the longitudinal vertical direction of the channel, and rolling and laying the anti-filtration geotextile close to the slope surface from bottom to top; a certain lapping amount exists between longitudinally adjacent anti-filtration geotextiles, a hand-held sewing machine is used for sewing on site, a lapping mode is adopted for a section which cannot be sewn on site, and the lapping width is more than or equal to 1.5 m;
when the step of laying the bagged broken stones is carried out, manually bagging the broken stones, wherein the volume of each bagged broken stone is preferably 2/3; when the reverse filter geotextile is laid, the geotextile is laid from bottom to top, the bottom of each row of bags is pressed against the top of the lower layer of bags, the adjacent bag bodies of each layer of bags are sequentially lapped and pressed on the bags beside the bags in a single direction, the bags are overlapped end to end and are evenly lapped and laid, and when the upper bagged macadam is laid, the upper bagged macadam is continuously laid upwards next to the top layer of the lower bagged macadam;
when the facing rock block cushion layer is constructed, the two excavator embankment tops are firstly preliminarily paved and tidied from top to bottom and the embankment feet are firstly paved and then manually leveled, and the paving precision is controlled by adopting a wire pulling method according to the slope ratio and the flatness of a slope;
the mounting of the surface protection structure comprises a placement step of a twisted Chinese character 'Wang' block and a placement step of a four-pin hollow square block;
when the placing step of the Zui Wang block is carried out, the Zui Wang block is obliquely placed on the slope surface, and the arrangement density is 100m per2At least 91 twisting Chinese character 'wang' blocks, and the placement sequence follows the principle of pushing from bottom to top and from one side to the other side; the installation adopts the principle of single-layer and fixed-point arrangement random placement, the installation sequence of the twisted Chinese character blocks with the same section is from outside to inside, and the forward extension of a propulsion surface at an inward tangent angle of 45 degrees is ensured; the tooth angles between adjacent twisted Chinese character blocks must be mutually hooked, and the bodies of the same row of twisted Chinese character blocks should not be contacted;
when the step of installing the four-pin hollow square blocks is carried out, positioning and installing are carried out by adopting a method for setting a base line;
the pavement construction comprises a geotextile laying step and a two-piece stone laying step;
when the geotextile laying step is carried out, firstly removing sundries and construction waste on the surface of the dike core sand, then leveling by adopting a bulldozer, and then rolling by using a road roller; then, manually laying geotextile along the axis direction, and timely ballasting by using broken stones;
when the two-stone paving step is carried out, firstly, an excavator is used for flattening and arranging, then manual sorting is combined, and after the two-stone paving step is basically leveled, a road roller is used for carrying out vibration rolling for multiple times.
The reclamation channel construction method adopts 380g/m of row body base cloth of the sand rib soft row2380g/m of woven and non-woven composite fabric2The woven and non-woven composite fabric adopts 230g/m2Woven cloth and 150g/m2Needle-punching and compounding the short fiber polyester non-woven fabric; sewing polypropylene reinforced rings with the width of 5cm on the base cloth of the raft body, wherein the distance between the reinforced rings is 1 m; the sand ribbed bag adopts 160g/m2And (5) manufacturing the woven geotextile.
In the construction method of the reclamation channel, when the step of laying the reversed filter geotextile is carried out, the nylon thread with the tensile strength not less than 230N is adopted as the thread for sewing the geotextile body on site, the two threads are adopted, and the thread step is the thread step of mutually buckling the double thread bottom surfaces.
The construction method of the reclamation channel is characterized in that 480g/m of the reversed filter geotextile is adopted2Composite geotextile, 480g/m2The composite geotextile adopts 230g/m2Woven cloth and 250g/m2And (5) needling and compounding the short fiber polyester non-woven fabric.
The construction method of the reclamation channel is characterized in that the cloth bag filled with the gravels is 280g/m2And (5) manufacturing the woven geotextile.
The reclamation channel construction method is characterized in that 480g/m is adopted in the bag body of the sand filling bag within the length range of 1.5-1.7 m at one end of each layer of the head-on surface2The upper and lower surface layers of the bag bodies at other parts are all made of 280g/m2And (5) manufacturing the woven geotextile.
The reclamation channel construction method comprises the following steps of: respectively driving a pile at the top and the foot of the slope at certain intervals, and making corresponding elevations on the piles; and (3) pulling a wire between the elevations of the two piles, wherein the wire is consistent with the gradient direction, and pulling a wire between two adjacent wires in the direction, wherein the wire can move on the front two wires.
The construction method of the reclamation channel has the following characteristics:
1. and a one-way propulsion construction mode is adopted, and an underwater laying ship technology is adopted to block the deep groove aiming at the characteristic that the deep groove at the deepest section has deeper water depth. Firstly, a laying ship is used for laying sand rib soft body in a deep groove range under drainage, after the laying of the sand rib soft body is finished, the laying ship is used for laying underwater filling sand bags, layered horizontal plugging is carried out until the elevation reaches +2.1m, and finally, filling block stones are thrown to protect the bottom and ballast, so that the deep groove plugging construction is finished;
2. the sand rib soft mattress is adopted for bottom protection construction, and the sand rib soft mattress can effectively prevent the embankment from being scoured. Meanwhile, the soft body row can reduce the differential settlement and the lateral displacement of the dike foundation, improve the overall stability of the dike foundation, effectively isolate the bottom protection stones and the original mud surface and save the bottom protection throwing stones.
3. The channel embankment body adopts a sand filling bag and a sand blowing and filling structure, and sand in the area is fine sand, so that sand leakage is easy to occur, and once the sand leakage occurs, the stability of the main structure is fatal, so that the inverted filter layer is used as a protective surface foundation.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a sectional view of the deepest beach surface of a reclamation channel according to the construction method of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a construction method of the reclamation channel of the present invention;
FIG. 3a is a plan view of the sand rib soft body row laying operation according to the construction method of the present invention;
FIG. 3b is a view from A-A of FIG. 3 a;
FIG. 4 is a state diagram of the construction method of the present invention when the above-water bottom protection block stone is set;
FIG. 5 is a state diagram of the construction method of the present invention when hoisting the twisted Chinese character 'Wang' block on land.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further explained with reference to the drawings.
Referring to fig. 1, the reclamation channel related to the construction method of the reclamation channel of the present invention is a slope embankment structure in east-west direction, and the slope ratio is 1: 2; the elevation of the deepest beach surface is-3.1 m, the elevation of a common beach surface is +1.3m, and the elevation of the highest beach surface is +2.48 m; the bottom of the dyke body adopts a sand rib soft row; the bottom protection adopts sand rib soft raft and ballast 50-100 kg of block stones; filling sand bags are adopted for the south and north prisms of the dike body, and blowing filling sand is adopted for the elevation of the dike core of more than 2.1 m; laying inverted filter layers on the side slopes of the south prism body and the north prism body; the protective surface structures of the south prism body and the north prism body are respectively a 1.0t four-foot hollow square block and a 1.5t twisted Chinese character block; c25 plain concrete wave-retaining walls are arranged on the south side and the north side of the top of the dike; the ballast is provided with a 150-300 kg block stone platform; the embankment top pavement adopts two simple stone surface layers;
referring to fig. 2 to 5, the method for constructing a reclamation channel of the present invention is advanced from west to east and is divided into three stages, the first stage is a preparation stage and includes geotextile processing and concrete member prefabrication; the second section is the construction of a protective surface embankment body structure and comprises the steps of measuring and positioning, bottom protection construction, embankment body construction, inverted filter layer laying, protective surface block stone cushion layer construction, foot ballast construction, wave wall construction and protective surface structure installation; and the third stage is road surface construction.
The bottom protection construction comprises a sand rib soft row laying step and a bottom protection block stone throwing step;
380g/m of bottom cloth of the sand-ribbed soft mattress is adopted2380g/m of woven and non-woven composite fabric2The woven and non-woven composite fabric adopts 230g/m2Woven cloth and 150g/m2Needle-punching and compounding the short fiber polyester non-woven fabric; sewing polypropylene reinforced rings with the width of 5cm on the base cloth of the raft body, wherein the distance between the reinforced rings is 1 m; the sand rib bag adopts 160g/m2And (5) manufacturing the woven geotextile.
The step of laying the sand rib soft row comprises a step of laying the sand rib soft row on the drainage and a step of laying the sand rib soft row on land;
when the step of laying the sand rib soft body on the water is carried out, a laying ship is adopted and comprises the following procedures:
1) the laying ship is provided with a set of computer, a set of GPS positioning receiver and a set of GPS positioning software; starting a computer before construction, operating GPS positioning software, inputting relevant laying parameters by a constructor according to design, displaying a dynamic ship position graph of a construction ship by the computer, displaying a laying position by a ship transfer worker according to the GPS positioning software, moving a laying ship to the sand quilt or filling bag initial position, indicating that the construction ship reaches the design position when the deviation value and the displacement value displayed by the computer reach the allowable error range, and starting laying by the approval of a field supervision engineer;
2) the soft drainage channel is transported to a construction site, a crane is used for lifting the soft drainage channel to a deck, an operator expands the bottom cloth of the drainage body under the assistance of the crane, a pull ring at the tail part of the bottom cloth of the drainage body is tied with a steel cable on a roller of a laying ship, a roller switch is started to automatically roll the bottom cloth of the drainage body into the roller until the head part of the bottom cloth of the drainage body is flatly arranged at the front edge of a turning plate of the laying ship and a first sand discharging rib is arranged on a ship board of the laying ship, and the roller is stopped from rolling into the bottom cloth;
3) penetrating a sand ribbed bag into a reinforced ring of the bottom cloth of the row body on the deck, and taking sand from a sand supply ship by a mud pump and filling the sand ribbed bag with the sand; after the first sand rib filling is finished, putting down the turning plate and starting the roller to unreel the raft body base cloth, and discharging the soft body to the beach surface by using the self weight of the raft body base cloth and the sand ribs; after the first sinking, the position of the laying ship is kept unchanged, and when the next sinking is carried out, the laying ship moves along a pre-designed axis under the dynamic display guidance of DGPS system software; each subsequent arranging is based on a sand rib space (1m), sand filling of sand ribs and ship moving and arranging are carried out in a circulating mode, the whole process is uninterrupted, the moving speed of the arranging ship is adaptive to the moving speed, and the ship moving speed is synchronous with the water of the soft body arranging till the whole soft body arranging is completely sunk (see fig. 3a and 3 b); the first lay length is calculated as follows:
L＝H+h-L1×sin35°+L2
wherein: l is the first laying length; h is the height of the ship board; h is the water depth; l1 is the flap length; l2 is the discharge loading length;
in order to ensure that a tail encryption area (1.5m) of the raft body is accurately sunk, a tail rope is used for threading a polypropylene reinforced ring well, and the tail end of the tail rope is fixed on a laying ship; if the water depth is larger, the number of the reinforced rings and the diameter of the tail rope need to be increased properly, so that the tail part of the raft body can be ensured to be straightened; when the tail of the raft is laid, the tail rope is pulled out slowly so as not to pull or turn over the tail of the raft.
When the step of laying the sand rib soft row on land is carried out, a traffic ship is adopted to carry the sand rib soft row to the position near a construction site at high tide, and the sand rib soft row is manually laid when the sand rib soft row is exposed at a low tide position; when the sand rib ballast is laid, the non-woven fabric of the bottom fabric of the row body is laid at the lower part and the woven fabric is laid at the upper part, the non-woven fabric is laid from one side line to the other side line in a whole block mode by the axis of the channel perpendicular to the axis of the channel, the effective lap joint width of two adjacent soft rows in the axis direction of the channel is not less than 3.0m, the sand rib strip stretches across the lap joint position, the mud pump is started again to fill the sand rib bag to ballast the row body, the sand rib is treaded by manpower in the filling process, the sand flow is.
When the bottom protection block stone is cast, an overwater casting and filling process is adopted, firstly, a GPS positioning system is utilized for construction lofting and calibration, a measurer places a section control line every 20m in a stone casting area, two points of each section are inserted, a bamboo pole is arranged to make an obvious mark, and a stone casting top elevation control line is carved on the bamboo pole; for the area with the beach surface elevation smaller than +2.2m, directly anchoring and positioning the area to an appointed section position by the sea-going vessel in low tide, and quantitatively filling according to the square amount of the section (see figure 4); for the area with the elevation of the beach surface more than +3.2m, the sea-crane ship transfers the rock blocks to a small deep bay barge with shallow draft, the deep bay barge is directly anchored and positioned to the position of a specified section when waiting for the low tide, and quantitative filling is carried out according to the square amount of the section.
The embankment body construction comprises a step of filling sand bags and a step of filling core sand by blowing.
The length of the bag body of the sand filling bag is 480g/m within the range of 1.5-1.7 m at one end of each layer of wave-facing surface2The upper and lower surface layers of the bag bodies at other parts are all made of 280g/m2And (5) manufacturing the woven geotextile.
The step of laying the filled sand bags comprises the following steps:
1) adopting a mobile GPS to measure and loft on site, and marking the outer edge line and the inner edge line of the filling sand bag prism;
2) the filling sand bag is laid along the axis direction of the channel, the bottom layer sand bag is laid when the tide level is low, and the cuff part is upward; 300m for filling sand3The sand suction boat is directly filled, the opening of the filling pipe is connected with the cuff, and the filling is carried outAfter the sand filling bag is filled, cuffs need to be bound, so that sand leakage is prevented; the upper bag body and the lower bag body are piled up in a staggered mode and pushed in a stepped mode.
And when the step of filling the dike core sand by blowing is carried out, carrying out layered backfilling according to different elevations.
Laying the inverse filter layer in two steps, when the sand filling bags reach the elevation of +3.4m, firstly laying the inverse filter layer at the bottom protecting part, and timely ballasting by using bagged broken stones after laying; when the elevation of the sand filling bag reaches +6.0m, laying a reverse filter layer of the facing structure part, and similarly ballasting by using bagged broken stones, wherein the laying of the reverse filter layer comprises a reverse filter geotextile laying step and a bagged broken stone laying step;
the reverse filtration geotextile adopts 480g/m2Composite geotextile, 480g/m2The woven and non-woven composite fabric adopts 230g/m2Woven cloth and 250g/m2And (5) needling and compounding the short fiber polyester non-woven fabric.
When the step of laying the anti-filtration geotextile is carried out, filling the empty spaces among the filled sand bags with small sand bags, manually finishing the side slope, laying the anti-filtration geotextile in the longitudinal vertical direction of the channel, rolling and laying the anti-filtration geotextile close to the slope surface from bottom to top (from the dyke foot to the top direction of the dyke), wherein the laying force is smooth, the tightness is moderate, the anti-filtration geotextile at the dyke foot is not required to be collapsed and pulled tightly, and the length of the anti-filtration geotextile at the dyke foot extending out of the protective layer is more than 2 m; a certain lapping amount exists between longitudinally adjacent anti-filtration geotextiles, the geotextiles are sewed by a handheld sewing machine on site, the sewing thread adopts a nylon thread with the tensile strength not less than 230N, the sewing thread is divided into two threads, and the thread steps are double-thread bottom surface mutual buckling thread steps; the section which can not be sewn on site adopts a lap joint mode, and the lap joint width is more than or equal to 1.5 m.
When the step of laying the bagged broken stones is carried out, cloth bags for the bagged broken stones are made of 280g/m2 knitted geotextile, and bags are manually filled, wherein the amount of each bag filled with the broken stones is preferably 2/3 volume; the bag-shaped crushed stones are paved in a fish scale mode, namely, the bagged crushed stones are paved and pressed on the reverse filtering geotextile from bottom to top, the bottom of each row of bags is pressed on the top of the lower layer of bags, the adjacent bag bodies of each layer of bags are sequentially lapped and pressed on the bag bodies beside the bags in a single direction, the bags are overlapped end to end and are uniformly lapped and paved, and the phenomenon that gaps appear and the reverse filtering effect is lost is avoided; when the upper bagged broken stone is laid, the upper bagged broken stone is continuously laid upwards next to the top layer of the lower bagged broken stone.
When the surface protection block stone cushion layer is constructed, a method that the tops of two excavators are firstly paved from top to bottom and the feet of the excavators are firstly and preliminarily, then, the two excavators are manually laid, and the laying precision is controlled by adopting a pull wire according to the slope ratio and the flatness of a slope surface, namely, a pile is correspondingly arranged on the top of the slope and the feet of the slope at certain intervals, and corresponding elevations are made on the pile; and (3) pulling a wire between the elevations of the two piles, wherein the wire is consistent with the gradient direction, and pulling a wire between two adjacent wires in the direction, wherein the wire can move on the front two wires.
The mounting of the surface protection structure comprises a placement step of a twisted Chinese character 'Wang' block and a placement step of a four-foot hollow square block;
when the placing step of the Zui Wang block is carried out, the Zui Wang block is obliquely placed on the slope surface, and the arrangement density is 100m per2At least 91 twisting Chinese character 'wang' blocks, and the placement sequence follows the principle of pushing from bottom to top and from one side to the other side; the installation adopts the principle of single-layer and fixed-point arrangement random placement, the installation sequence of the twisted Chinese character blocks with the same section is from outside to inside, and the forward extension of a propulsion surface at an inward tangent angle of 45 degrees is ensured; the tooth angles between adjacent twisted blocks must be hooked with each other, and there should be no contact between the bodies of the same row of twisted blocks (see fig. 5).
And when the step of mounting the four-pin hollow square blocks is carried out, positioning and mounting are carried out by adopting a method for setting a base line.
The pavement construction comprises a geotextile laying step and a two-piece stone laying step;
when the geotextile laying step is carried out, firstly removing sundries and construction waste on the surface of the dike core sand, then leveling by adopting a bulldozer, and then rolling by using a road roller; then, the geotextile is manually laid along the axial direction, and the broken stones are used for ballast in time.
When the step of laying two stones is carried out, firstly, an excavator is used for flattening and arranging, then manual sorting is combined, and after the two stones are basically leveled, a road roller is used for multiple times of vibration rolling.
The above embodiments are provided only for illustrating the present invention and not for limiting the present invention, and those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and therefore all equivalent technical solutions should also fall within the scope of the present invention, and should be defined by the claims.
Claims (7)
1. A construction method of a reclamation channel is characterized in that the reclamation channel is of a slope embankment structure in the east-west direction, and the slope ratio is 1: 2; the elevation of the deepest beach surface is-3.1 m, the elevation of a common beach surface is +1.3m, and the elevation of the highest beach surface is +2.48 m; the bottom of the dyke body adopts a sand rib soft row; the bottom protection adopts sand rib soft raft and ballast 50-100 kg of block stones; filling sand bags are adopted for the south and north prisms of the dike body, and blowing filling sand is adopted for the elevation of the dike core of more than 2.1 m; the side slopes of the south prism and the north prism adopt an inverted filter layer foundation; the protective surface structures of the south prism body and the north prism body are a four-foot hollow square block and a twisted king character block in a one-to-one correspondence manner; c25 plain concrete wave-retaining walls are arranged on the south side and the north side of the top of the dike; the ballast is provided with a 150-300 kg block stone platform; the embankment top pavement adopts two simple stone surface layers; the construction method is characterized by comprising four stages, wherein the first stage is a preparation stage and comprises geotextile processing and concrete member prefabrication; the second section is the construction of a protective surface embankment body structure and comprises the steps of measuring and positioning, bottom protection construction, embankment body construction, inverted filter layer laying, protective surface block stone cushion layer construction, foot ballast construction, wave wall construction and protective surface structure installation; the third stage is road surface construction; the fourth stage is completion acceptance;
the bottom protection construction comprises a sand rib soft row laying step and a bottom protection block stone throwing step;
the step of laying the sand rib soft row comprises a step of laying the sand rib soft row on the drainage water and a step of laying the sand rib soft row on land;
when the step of laying the sand rib soft body on the water is carried out, a laying ship is adopted and comprises the following procedures:
1) the laying ship is provided with a set of computer, a set of GPS positioning receiver and a set of GPS positioning software; starting a computer before construction, operating GPS positioning software, inputting relevant laying parameters by a constructor according to design, displaying a dynamic ship position graph of a construction ship by the computer, displaying a laying position by a ship transfer worker according to the GPS positioning software, moving the laying ship to a sand quilt or sand bag filling initial position, indicating that the construction ship reaches the design position when a deviation value and a displacement value displayed by the computer reach an allowable error range, and starting laying by the approval of a field supervision engineer;
2) the soft drainage channel is transported to a construction site, a crane is used for lifting the soft drainage channel to a deck, an operator expands the bottom cloth of the drainage body under the assistance of the crane, a pull ring at the tail part of the bottom cloth of the drainage body is tied with a steel cable on a roller of a laying ship, a roller switch is started to automatically roll the bottom cloth of the drainage body into the roller until the head part of the bottom cloth of the drainage body is flatly arranged at the front edge of a turning plate of the laying ship and a first sand discharging rib is arranged on a ship board of the laying ship, and the roller is stopped from rolling into the bottom cloth;
3) penetrating a sand ribbed bag into a reinforced ring of the bottom cloth of the row body on the deck, and taking sand from a sand supply ship by a mud pump and filling the sand ribbed bag with the sand; after the first sand rib filling is finished, putting down the turning plate and starting the roller to unreel the raft body base cloth, and discharging the soft body to the beach surface by using the self weight of the raft body base cloth and the sand ribs; after the first sinking, the position of the laying ship is kept unchanged, and when the next sinking is carried out, the laying ship moves along a pre-designed axis under the dynamic display guidance of DGPS system software; the subsequent each time of the laying takes the space between one sand rib as the standard, the sand rib is filled with sand, and the ship is moved and laid to form the circular operation, so that the whole process is uninterrupted, the moving speed of the laying ship is adapted to the moving speed, and the ship moving speed is synchronous with the soft body laying water until the whole soft body laying sinking is finished; the first lay length is calculated as follows:
L＝H+h-L1×sin35°+L2
wherein: l is the first laying length; h is the height of the ship board; h is the water depth; l1 is the flap length; l2 is the discharge loading length;
when the step of laying the sand rib soft row on land is carried out, a traffic ship is adopted to carry the sand rib soft row to the position near a construction site at high tide, and the sand rib soft row is manually laid when the sand rib soft row is exposed at a low tide position; laying the soft rows in a whole block from one side edge to the other side edge in a way of being vertical to the axis of the channel, wherein the effective overlapping width of two adjacent soft rows in the axis direction of the channel is not less than 3.0m, the sand rib spans the overlapping position, and then starting a slurry pump to fill the sand rib bags to ballast the rows;
when the bottom protection block stone throwing step is carried out, an overwater throwing and filling process is adopted, firstly, a GPS positioning system is utilized for construction lofting and calibration, a measurer measures and places a section control line every 20m in a stone throwing area, two points are arranged on each section, a bamboo pole is inserted to make an obvious mark, and a stone throwing top elevation control line is carved on the bamboo pole; for the area with the beach surface elevation smaller than +2.2m, directly anchoring and positioning the area to an appointed section position by the sea-going vessel in low tide, and quantitatively filling according to the square amount of the section; for the area with the elevation of the beach surface more than +3.2m, the sea-crane ship transfers the rock blocks to a small deep bay barge with shallow draft, the deep bay barge is directly anchored and positioned to the position of a specified section when waiting for the low tide, and quantitative filling is carried out according to the square amount of the section;
the embankment body construction comprises a step of filling sand bags and a step of filling sand into an embankment core by blowing;
the step of laying the sand-filled bags comprises the following steps:
1) adopting a mobile GPS to measure and loft on site, and marking the outer edge line and the inner edge line of the filling sand bag prism;
2) the filling sand bag is laid along the axis direction of the channel, the bottom layer sand bag is laid when the tide level is low, and the cuff part is upward; the filling sand is directly filled by a sand suction boat, a filling pipe opening is connected with a cuff, and the cuff is bound after the filling of the filling sand bag is finished, so that sand leakage is prevented; the upper bag body and the lower bag body are staggered and stacked and are pushed in a stepped manner;
when the step of filling the dike-center sand by blowing is carried out, carrying out layered backfilling according to different elevations;
laying the inverted filter layer by two times; when the elevation of the sand filling bag reaches +3.4m, firstly laying a reverse filter layer at the bottom protecting part, and timely ballasting by using bagged broken stones after laying; when the elevation of the sand filling bag reaches +6.0m, laying a reverse filter layer of the facing structure part, and similarly ballasting by using bagged broken stones, wherein the laying of the reverse filter layer comprises a reverse filter geotextile laying step and a bagged broken stone laying step;
when the step of laying the anti-filtration geotextile is carried out, filling the empty space between the sand filling bags with small sand filling bags, finishing the side slope manually, laying the anti-filtration geotextile in the longitudinal vertical direction of the channel, and rolling and laying the anti-filtration geotextile close to the slope surface from bottom to top; a certain lapping amount exists between longitudinally adjacent anti-filtration geotextiles, a hand-held sewing machine is used for sewing on site, a lapping mode is adopted for a section which cannot be sewn on site, and the lapping width is more than or equal to 1.5 m;
when the step of laying the bagged broken stones is carried out, manually bagging the broken stones, wherein the volume of each bagged broken stone is preferably 2/3; when the reverse filter geotextile is laid, the geotextile is laid from bottom to top, the bottom of each row of bags is pressed against the top of the lower layer of bags, the adjacent bag bodies of each layer of bags are sequentially lapped and pressed on the bags beside the bags in a single direction, the bags are overlapped end to end and are evenly lapped and laid, and when the upper bagged macadam is laid, the upper bagged macadam is continuously laid upwards next to the top layer of the lower bagged macadam;
when the facing rock block cushion layer is constructed, the two excavator embankment tops are firstly preliminarily paved and tidied from top to bottom and the embankment feet are firstly paved and then manually leveled, and the paving precision is controlled by adopting a wire pulling method according to the slope ratio and the flatness of a slope;
the mounting of the surface protection structure comprises a placement step of a twisted Chinese character 'Wang' block and a placement step of a four-pin hollow square block;
when the placing step of the Zui Wang block is carried out, the Zui Wang block is obliquely placed on the slope surface, and the arrangement density is 100m per2At least 91 twisting Chinese character 'wang' blocks, and the placement sequence follows the principle of pushing from bottom to top and from one side to the other side; the installation adopts the principle of single-layer and fixed-point arrangement random placement, the installation sequence of the twisted Chinese character blocks with the same section is from outside to inside, and the forward extension of a propulsion surface at an inward tangent angle of 45 degrees is ensured; the tooth angles between adjacent twisted Chinese character blocks must be mutually hooked, and the bodies of the same row of twisted Chinese character blocks should not be contacted;
when the step of installing the four-pin hollow square blocks is carried out, positioning and installing are carried out by adopting a method for setting a base line;
the pavement construction comprises a geotextile laying step and a two-piece stone laying step;
when the geotextile laying step is carried out, firstly removing sundries and construction waste on the surface of the dike core sand, then leveling by adopting a bulldozer, and then rolling by using a road roller; then, manually laying geotextile along the axis direction, and timely ballasting by using broken stones;
when the two-stone paving step is carried out, firstly, an excavator is used for flattening and arranging, then manual sorting is combined, and after the two-stone paving step is carried out, a road roller is used for multiple times of vibration rolling.
2. The reclamation channel construction method of claim 1, wherein 380g/m is adopted as the raft body base cloth of the sand-ribbed soft raft2380g/m of woven and non-woven composite fabric2The woven and non-woven composite fabric adopts 230g/m2Woven cloth and 150g/m2Needle-punching and compounding the short fiber polyester non-woven fabric; sewing polypropylene reinforced rings with the width of 5cm on the base cloth of the raft body, wherein the distance between the reinforced rings is 1 m; the sand ribbed bag adopts 160g/m2And (5) manufacturing the woven geotextile.
3. The reclamation channel construction method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the reversed geotextile laying step is performed, nylon thread having a tensile strength of not less than 230N is used as the thread for sewing the geotextile body on site, and the thread is performed twice, wherein the thread step is a double-thread bottom surface interlocking thread step.
4. The reclamation channel construction method of claim 1, wherein the reversed filter geotextile adopts 480g/m2Composite geotextile, 480g/m2The composite geotextile adopts 230g/m2Woven cloth and 250g/m2And (5) needling and compounding the short fiber polyester non-woven fabric.
5. The reclamation channel construction method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cloth bag filled with crushed stones is 280g/m2And (5) manufacturing the woven geotextile.
6. The reclamation channel construction method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the bag body of the sand-filled bag has a length of 480g/m within 1.5-1.7 m at one end of each layer of the head-on surface2The upper and lower surface layers of the bag bodies at other parts are all made of 280g/m2And (5) manufacturing the woven geotextile.
7. The reclamation channel construction method of claim 1, wherein the stay wire method is performed when the facing block stone cushion layer is constructed: respectively driving a pile at the top and the foot of the slope at certain intervals, and making corresponding elevations on the piles; and (3) pulling a wire between the elevations of the two piles, wherein the wire is consistent with the gradient direction, and pulling a wire between two adjacent wires in the direction, wherein the wire can move on the front two wires.
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| CN1175646A (en) * | 1997-08-25 | 1998-03-11 | 地方国营泰兴渔业机械厂 | Construction technique for water bottom building of dike (dam) in deepwater region |
| CN202284290U (en) * | 2011-05-17 | 2012-06-27 | 刘文庆 | Ecological river bank slope protection structure on river bank |
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| CN106284081A (en) * | 2016-08-12 | 2017-01-04 | 中建三局基础设施工程有限公司 | A kind of blast cofferdam is as cast-in-place box beam bracket foundation construction method |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN1175646A (en) * | 1997-08-25 | 1998-03-11 | 地方国营泰兴渔业机械厂 | Construction technique for water bottom building of dike (dam) in deepwater region |
| CN202284290U (en) * | 2011-05-17 | 2012-06-27 | 刘文庆 | Ecological river bank slope protection structure on river bank |
| CN106284081A (en) * | 2016-08-12 | 2017-01-04 | 中建三局基础设施工程有限公司 | A kind of blast cofferdam is as cast-in-place box beam bracket foundation construction method |
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