CN116141670A

CN116141670A - Powder spreading device for 3D printing

Info

Publication number: CN116141670A
Application number: CN202310328487.5A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 鄢然; 李欣飞; 夏磊; 赵青
Original assignee: Chongqing University of Technology
Current assignee: Chongqing University of Technology
Priority date: 2021-09-23
Filing date: 2021-09-23
Publication date: 2023-05-23
Also published as: CN113665107B; CN113665107A

Abstract

The invention discloses a powder spreading device for 3D printing, which comprises a powder containing groove, wherein the powder containing groove is arranged along the length direction of an X-axis guide rail, two ends of the powder containing groove are arranged below the positions, close to the two ends, of the X-axis guide rail in a hanging manner through upward connecting plates, when the X-axis guide rail slides to the rear end of a Y-axis guide rail, the upper end of the powder containing groove can be in butt joint with a groove opening at the lower end of a discharging shuttle groove, the powder containing groove is vertically and vertically arranged in a penetrating manner, a scraper is respectively arranged at the front side and the rear side, the lower end of the scraper is provided with a horizontally arranged blade, and the powder spreading device further comprises a scraper switching control mechanism, wherein the scraper switching control mechanism can control the up-down movement of the two scrapers to enable the downward scraper blade to be positioned at the height of a printing plane. The device can realize twice spreading in one round trip, and greatly improves the printing efficiency.

Description

Powder spreading device for 3D printing

The application is a divisional application of patent application number 202111114107.5, application days 2021-9-23, a high efficiency 3D printing device.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of additive manufacturing 3D printing, in particular to a powder paving device for 3D printing.

Background

3D Printing (3D Printing) belongs to one of the rapid prototyping technologies, and is also called additive manufacturing; the technology is based on a digital model, and materials such as plastics, metals, ceramic powder and the like are stacked layer by utilizing a laser mode, a hot melting nozzle mode and the like to bond and mold to construct an object. In recent years, 3D printing technology is widely applied to various fields such as industrial design, jewelry, automobiles, aerospace, dental and medical industries, education and the like.

The 3D printer commonly used at present has a plurality of types such as Selective Laser Melting (SLM), selective Laser Sintering (SLS), three-dimensional powder bonding, fusion lamination Forming (FDM), and the like. Wherein the three-dimensional powder is bonded and printed, namely 3DP technology. The 3DP process is similar to the SLS process in that it is formed from a powdered material, such as ceramic powder, metal powder. Except that the material powder is not joined by sintering, but the cross-section of the part is "printed" onto the material powder by means of a spray head with an adhesive, such as silicone. The strength of the parts bonded by the adhesive is low and the parts also need post-treatment. The specific process comprises the following steps: after the last layer is bonded, the forming cylinder descends by one printing layer thickness distance, which is usually 0.013-0.1 mm, the powder feeding cylinder pushes out a plurality of powder, and the powder is pushed into the forming cylinder by the powder spreading roller to be spread. The spray head selectively sprays the adhesive build layer under computer control, pressing the formation data of a build section. The powder is sent, spread and sprayed repeatedly, and finally the bonding printing of the three-dimensional powder is completed. The part not sprayed with the binder is dry powder, plays a supporting role in the forming process, and is removed after the forming is finished.

As the manufacturing industry advances, many products need to be made with different materials in different parts to achieve different properties. However, the current 3D printers in the market basically only use a single material to print objects, so that the 3D printer has a relatively large limitation and cannot print parts composed of two materials or even multiple materials at one time. The same is true for the 3DP process.

CN105196549B discloses a parallel multi-station type 3D printer, and the invention provides a novel parallel multi-station type 3D printer suitable for a rapid prototyping technology, which comprises a computer, a bracket, a 3D printer group and a conveyor belt system. The 3D printer group is a 3D printer with a plurality of stations arranged side by side according to the requirement, and a computer is used for regulating and controlling printing tasks so as to realize parallel type assembly line printing.

The printer of the above prior art patent has the following inconveniences. 1, although printing of various materials can be realized in one product, the fixed printing assembly line guide rail is adopted for guiding, and the defects of complex structure of the assembly line guide rail, inconvenient control and scheduling and poor flexibility exist. 2, when the powder is paved before each layer of printing, the powder paving is completed by adopting a conventional powder paving roller device and a powder cylinder, and the defects of complex structure, low speed, easy corrugation on the surface after powder paving, low flatness and the like exist. The specific printing process is that a classical printing mode is adopted, namely, each layer of powder is paved, a printing head is adopted to print one time along the outline of the layer of product, and the product is obtained by printing layer by layer, so that the thickness of each layer of powder cannot be too thick due to the limitation of the effect of a printing adhesive, and each layer of powder is paved, and the printing head is adopted to print one time, so that the printing efficiency is lower; if the thickness of each layer of powder is increased to improve the printing efficiency, the printing quality and accuracy are deteriorated, so that the printing efficiency and quality accuracy cannot be both improved.

In order to solve the defect of the 3 rd step, the applicant previously applied and later discloses a high-quality three-dimensional powder bonding 3D printing method, and the printing quality is improved by adopting a mode of twice printing in a powder laying process. But its printing efficiency still remains to be further improved.

To improve printing efficiency. The applicant considers designing a high-efficiency 3D printing method, in which two layers of powder are paved in the powder paving process of one horizontal reciprocating movement of a powder paving device, and each layer of powder is printed once, so that the efficiency can be improved better. However, what kind of apparatus is used to better implement the method to improve printing efficiency is a problem to be further considered.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to solve the technical problems that: how to provide a high efficiency 3D printing device that can improve printing efficiency and printing accuracy better and a shop's powder device that is used for 3D to further make it can conveniently realize printing different materials in a product, and have simple structure, control nimble convenient characteristics.

In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

A high-efficiency 3D printing device comprises a forming cylinder device and a printing device which can be connected and matched; the forming cylinder device comprises a forming cylinder for printing; the printing device comprises two Y-axis guide rails which are horizontally arranged at intervals, an X-axis guide rail is vertically arranged between the two Y-axis guide rails along the horizontal direction, two ends of the X-axis guide rail are slidably matched with the Y-axis guide rails, a Y-axis motion control mechanism for controlling the X-axis guide rail to slide on the Y-axis guide rail is also arranged, a printing head support is slidably matched and arranged on the X-axis guide rail, an X-axis motion control mechanism for controlling the printing head support to slide on the X-axis guide rail is arranged on the X-axis guide rail, and a printing nozzle is arranged on the printing head support; the printing device also comprises a powder supply device arranged above the rear end position of the mounting bracket and a powder spreading device; the powder paving device is characterized by being arranged below the X-axis guide rail and provided with a powder accommodating groove capable of accommodating two layers of powder paving capacity required by printing.

Therefore, when the device is used, the powder spreading device can realize two-layer powder spreading printing along with the X-axis guide rail on the Y-axis guide rail in a reciprocating way, so that the printing efficiency can be greatly improved. Specifically, during printing, a product can be decomposed into a plurality of horizontal printing layers along the vertical direction in a computer, a powder spreading device is adopted to horizontally reciprocate and spread powder layer by layer according to the thickness of each printing layer, after each layer of powder spreading, a printing spray nozzle is adopted to coagulate the powder in the product contour range of the layer through spraying a binder, and then the powder is printed upwards layer by layer to finally obtain the product; then, since the powder spreading device is provided with the powder containing groove which can contain the powder spreading capacity required by two layers of printing, two layers of powder can be spread in one horizontal reciprocating motion of the powder spreading device, and at least one printing is realized on each layer of powder. Thus, the printing efficiency is fundamentally and greatly improved.

Further, the Y-axis motion control mechanism is a Y-axis electric sliding table, a guide rail of the Y-axis electric sliding table forms a Y-axis guide rail on one side, the sliding table of the Y-axis electric sliding table is fixed with one end of an X-axis guide rail, the Y-axis guide rail on the other side is a linear guide rail, and the other end of the X-axis guide rail is slidably clamped and matched on the linear guide rail.

Therefore, the device has the advantages of simple structure, convenient control and reliable control precision.

Further, the X-axis motion control mechanism is an X-axis electric sliding table, the guide rail of the X-axis electric sliding table forms an X-axis guide rail, and a printing head support is arranged on the sliding table of the X-axis electric sliding table.

Further, the powder supply device comprises a powder box, a discharge hole is formed in the lower portion of the powder box, a quantitative discharge mechanism is arranged at the discharge hole, a discharge shuttle groove extending forwards and downwards is connected below the quantitative discharge mechanism, and the lower end groove of the discharge shuttle groove is horizontally arranged along the width direction between two corresponding mounting brackets.

Thus, the convenient powder supply device quantitatively discharges and supplies powder according to the quantity required by each spreading and the convenient powder discharging enters the powder spreading device.

Further, the quantitative discharging mechanism comprises a metering sleeve horizontally arranged at the discharging hole, the discharging hole is vertically communicated with the metering sleeve and is connected, a metering rotating roller is coaxially arranged at the inner axis of the metering sleeve, rectangular blades extending along the axial direction are uniformly distributed on the circumferential outer surface of the metering rotating roller along the circumferential direction, the length of each rectangular blade is consistent with the length of the inner cavity of the metering sleeve, the outer side surface of each rectangular blade is rotationally attached to the wall of the inner cavity of the metering sleeve, and one end of the metering rotating roller rotatably penetrates out of the end of the metering sleeve and is connected with a metering servo motor.

Therefore, the metering rotating roller can be controlled to rotate by means of the metering servo motor, the fixed angle can be rotated every time, the powder with the fixed volume size can be scraped by the cavity between the two blades, and the powder can be discharged downwards, so that uniform and quantitative powder supply is ensured.

Further, two ends of the powder box are fixed on the side face of a vertically arranged powder box mounting plate, the lower end of the powder box mounting plate is fixed with a mounting bracket, and a metering servo motor is fixed on the side face of the other side of the powder box mounting plate.

Thus, the powder supply device is convenient to install and fix.

Further, spread powder device includes a powder holding tank that arranges along X axle guide rail length direction, powder holding tank both ends are unsettled to be installed in X axle guide rail and are close to both ends position below through ascending connecting plate, when X axle guide rail slides to Y axle guide rail rear end, powder holding tank upper end can with ejection of compact shuttle groove lower extreme slot butt joint, the powder holding tank link up about setting and both sides (be the rear side with the adjacent one side of powder case) respectively have a scraper of setting down, the scraper lower extreme has the cutting edge of level setting, spread powder device still includes a scraper switching control mechanism, scraper switching control mechanism can control two scraper up-and-down motion switch and make decurrent scraper cutting edge be in printing plane height.

Like this, powder holding tank slides the Y axle guide rail rear end along X axle guide rail when spreading the powder, and powder is from quantitative discharge mechanism ration ejection of compact and fall into powder holding tank through ejection of compact shuttle groove, then along with X axle guide rail along Y axle guide rail forward slip, scraper switching control mechanism control rear side scraper switches and is in the work position downwards, relies on the rear side scraper to strickle the powder that falls down in the powder holding tank forward, realizes first layer shop material. Then the powder containing groove slides and resets backwards along the Y-axis guide rail along with the X-axis guide rail, the scraper switching control mechanism controls the scraper at the front side to switch downwards to be in a working position, and the powder continuously falling in the powder containing groove is scraped evenly backwards by virtue of the scraper at the front side; realize the reciprocal both sides shop material. The scraper is adopted to spread the materials more conveniently and the powder surface is smooth, the spreading mechanism and the printing spray nozzle are integrally arranged on the X-axis guide rail, the printing spray nozzle can immediately realize printing in the spreading motion process along with the spreading mechanism, and the two spreading operations can be realized once and again, so that the printing efficiency is greatly improved.

Further, the middle parts of two ends of the powder accommodating groove are rotatably arranged on the connecting plates, close to the lower parts of the two ends, of the X-axis guide rail through rotating shafts, the two scrapers are fixed on the front side and the rear side of the lower part of the powder accommodating groove, the lower ends of the two scrapers are outwards opened to be symmetrical splayed, and the scraper switching control mechanism can control the powder accommodating groove to rotate along the rotating shafts.

Like this, two scrapers are fixed to be set up, and the structure is more reliable and stable, then realizes the up-and-down motion switching of two scrapers through the mode of rotation control. When the lower end of the powder accommodating groove rotates forwards, the scraper at the rear side rotates downwards to a working position (the cutting edge is positioned on a printing plane), and the scraper at the front side tilts forwards to give way, so that forward movement spreading and strickling can be realized. After the forward spreading is finished, the lower end of the powder accommodating groove is controlled to rotate backwards to reset, the scraper at the front side rotates downwards to a working position, and the scraper at the rear side tilts forwards to give way, so that the spreading and the scraping can be realized by moving backwards. Like this, the structure is simpler, and control convenient and fast more just is reliable and stable more.

Further, the scraper switching control mechanism comprises a powder accommodating groove rotation control motor fixed on the X-axis guide rail, and the powder accommodating groove rotation control motor is a servo motor and is in transmission connection with a rotating shaft at one end of the powder accommodating groove.

Thus, the structure is simple and the control is convenient.

Further, the powder holding tank rotation control motor is connected with a rotating shaft at one end of the powder holding tank through a belt mechanism in a transmission way.

Thus, the structure is convenient and the cost is low. In the implementation, other modes such as gear transmission, synchronous belt transmission and the like can be adopted to realize the transmission connection of the two.

Further, the printing nozzle comprises a front side printing nozzle arranged at the front side of the powder paving device and a rear side printing nozzle arranged at the rear side of the powder paving device.

Therefore, the powder spreading device moves forwards to spread the powder, the spray nozzle can be used for realizing normal printing of the layer of powder, and the powder spreading device moves backwards to spread the powder, and the spray nozzle can be used for realizing normal printing of the layer of powder. Meanwhile, the printing nozzle at the other side can be used for realizing one-time pre-printing before laying the powder, namely, the printing adhesive is sprayed on the upper surface of the previous layer of powder, so that one layer of spreading material is printed twice before and after the printing, the printing strength and the spreading material printing thickness can be improved, and the printing efficiency and the printing quality are better improved.

The structure can realize one-time printing before and after each layer of powder is paved, so that the powder paving device prints four times in one round trip movement. Therefore, one layer of powder spreading sprays the adhesive twice for printing, the printing time is just connected before and after powder spreading, the printing before spreading can be favorable for better bonding and fixing the spread powder and the upper layer of material, and the printing after spreading is normal printing. Therefore, the adhesive is better beneficial to the powder to be adhered, fixed and formed, and the product quality is greatly improved. Meanwhile, the thickness of the powder paved on one layer can be increased by twice printing, so that the printing efficiency of the product is improved.

Further, the profile range of the printing jet adhesive before each layer of powder is paved is between the profile range of the powder printing product of the layer and the profile range of the powder printing product of the last layer.

Therefore, the contour connection between the layers is smoother, and the appearance precision of the product is improved.

Further, the X-axis guide rail comprises a front X-axis guide rail and a rear X-axis guide rail, the front X-axis guide rail and the rear X-axis guide rail are horizontally juxtaposed and fixedly arranged relatively, a set of printing head support and an X-axis motion control mechanism are respectively arranged on the front X-axis guide rail and the rear X-axis guide rail, a nozzle mounting plate is also respectively arranged on the two sets of printing head supports, the nozzle mounting plate comprises an L-shaped front nozzle mounting plate, the front end side surface of the front printing head support is downwards connected with the front nozzle mounting plate, and a front printing nozzle is arranged on the horizontal part structure of the lower end of the front nozzle mounting plate; the spray head mounting plate further comprises a rear spray head mounting plate which is arranged at the rear side and is downwards mounted and connected with the side face of the rear end of the print head bracket, and a rear printing spray head is structurally mounted on the horizontal part of the lower end of the rear spray head mounting plate.

Like this, in X axle guide rail forward or retreating in-process, when current side print shower nozzle and rear side print shower nozzle simultaneous working (each layer of shop material is printed once around each), the front and back print shower nozzle can be respectively at independent X axle guide rail on motion, prints out different width, can be applicable to the product component that the front and back width is different and realize that one deck shop material prints twice (come and go the shop material and print four times) printing effect, improves print quality and efficiency.

Further, a spray head vertical motion control mechanism for controlling the corresponding spray head mounting plate to vertically slide is further arranged on the print head bracket.

Therefore, the height of the front and back printing spray head positions can be adjusted up and down, and the front and back printing spray head positions in each layer of spreading process can be adjusted to enable the printing spray head positions to be printed against the upper surface of the corresponding powder, so that the printing precision is improved better. Therefore, the appearance quality of the whole product can be better improved, and the structure is simpler, thereby being beneficial to implementation.

Further, the vertical motion control mechanism of shower nozzle includes a vertical guide rail of vertical fixed setting in printing head support one side, and one side of the shower nozzle mounting panel upper end that corresponds slidably cooperates on vertical guide rail, and the upper end of vertical guide rail is fixed to be provided with a vertical motion control motor of shower nozzle, still includes a screw rod that sets up side by side with vertical guide rail interval, and the vertical motion control motor of shower nozzle is connected with screw drive and can drive the screw rod rotation, and screw thread cooperation has connect a nut soon on the screw rod, and the nut is fixed in the shower nozzle mounting panel upper end that corresponds relatively.

Like this, the vertical motion control motor rotation of shower nozzle drives the screw rod and rotates, relies on vertical guide rail to rotate spacingly to the nut through corresponding shower nozzle mounting panel, through the screw-nut drive pair that screw rod and nut constitute, drives corresponding shower nozzle mounting panel and realizes upper and lower slip control. Therefore, the device has the characteristics of simple structure, reliable control, stable movement and high control precision.

Further, the printing equipment further comprises a horizontally arranged printing platform, a plurality of printing stations are arranged on the printing platform, and each printing station is fixedly provided with a set of printing device; the device also comprises a guiding system, wherein the guiding system is used for guiding the forming cylinder device to be in butt joint with the printing device; the guide system is a guide system without a fixed guide rail, and the guide system without a fixed guide rail can generate a guide path according to requirements.

Therefore, the fixed guide rail is canceled, and the fixed guide rail is generated according to the needs, so that the control is more flexible and convenient.

Further, the guide system without the fixed guide rail comprises a plurality of positioning points arranged on the surface of the printing platform, positioning guide members are arranged at the positions of the positioning points, and the positioning points are arranged in an array manner to form a two-dimensional guide point cloud array; the guiding system further comprises an automatic guiding vehicle, a point cloud detection sensor capable of being positioned with a positioning guiding member of each positioning point in an induction mode is arranged on the automatic guiding vehicle, a universal wheel system is further arranged below the automatic guiding vehicle and connected with a driving motor, and the driving motor can drive the universal wheel system to steer; the forming cylinder device is mounted on an automatic guided vehicle.

Like this, when this equipment was used, can rely on the point cloud to detect the sensor and realize detecting to the location guide member position on the setpoint everywhere to control automatic guided vehicle and go forward between different setpoint, rely on two-dimensional guidance point cloud array control planning to generate the route of traveling, make the jar device that takes shape can follow automatic guided vehicle walking on print platform and accomplish the butt joint between the different printing devices, and then realized printing different materials in different positions in a product, satisfied the performance difference demand at different positions. Meanwhile, the printing device has the advantages of flexible and changeable control, better interference avoidance and possibility of realizing more printing sequences; the number of the printing stations and the automatic guided vehicles can be arranged according to actual production requirements.

Further, the positioning guide member is an electromagnetic generator, and the point cloud detection sensor is a magnetic navigation sensor.

Thus, the electromagnetic generator can be controlled to be opened and closed by a control device such as a computer, and when in use, the electromagnetic generators passing through the path can be opened along the required running path, and the electromagnetic generators on the running path are connected in series to form the effect similar to the guiding magnetic stripe. And simultaneously, the rest electromagnetic generators are closed, and the automatic guided vehicle is guided to travel along the path by using the magnetic navigation sensor. Therefore, different driving paths can be generated better according to the requirements of the corresponding automatic guided vehicles, interference of other automatic guided vehicles is avoided better, multiple printing stations can be arranged on the printing platform, multiple automatic guided vehicles are arranged on the printing platform, more automatic guided vehicles can work together on the same printing platform to participate in printing, and efficiency is greatly improved. Meanwhile, the interference of other positioning points is shielded by the driving path, and the reliability and stability of the driving path are greatly improved.

Further, the positioning guide member is buried below the upper surface of the printing platform.

Thus, the protection can be improved and the service life can be prolonged.

Further, in everywhere setpoint, still including at least one wireless charge level, wireless charging device has been buried in wireless charge level below, automatic guided vehicle lower surface middle part still corresponds and is provided with wireless charging coil, and wireless charging coil links to each other with the battery of installing on automatic guided vehicle, the battery with driving motor links to each other.

Therefore, the automatic charging driving duration of the automatic guided vehicle can be realized, so that the automatic guided vehicle is more convenient to control the moving sequence and path of the automatic guided vehicle.

Further, at least a portion of the wireless charging station is located at a print station on the print platform.

Therefore, after the automatic guided vehicle conveniently drives into the printing station, the automatic guided vehicle is charged in the waiting time of printing, so that the charging process does not occupy working time.

Further, the automatic guided vehicle is also provided with a wireless communication control module, and the wireless communication control module is connected with the driving motor and realizes control.

Therefore, the automatic guided vehicle can be conveniently controlled to travel and advance in a remote place through wireless communication of a control device such as a computer and the like according to a planned path.

Further, a positioning sensor is further arranged on the automatic guided vehicle or the printing station, and a positioning sensor detection component is correspondingly arranged on the printing station or the automatic guided vehicle.

Therefore, when the automatic guided vehicle runs to a printing station, accurate positioning of the automatic guided vehicle can be realized by means of cooperation detection between the positioning sensor and the positioning sensor detection component, the forming cylinder device on the automatic guided vehicle and the printing device on the printing station can be accurately abutted better, and the printing quality is ensured.

Further, the positioning sensor preferably adopts a contact switch, and the positioning sensor detection member adopts a hard member which can be matched with the contact switch to realize contact detection.

The device has the advantages of simple structure, convenient implementation and reliable use.

Further, the two pairs of contact switches are respectively arranged on contact switch mounting frames which are upwards arranged on two sides of the automatic guided vehicle, and the positioning sensor detection member is a contact protrusion correspondingly formed on a pair of mounting brackets of the printing station.

In this way, accurate positioning of the automated guided vehicle at the print station can be more conveniently achieved.

Further, the universal wheel system comprises four Mecanum wheels arranged at four corners below the automatic guided vehicle, and each Mecanum wheel is respectively connected with a corresponding driving motor.

Therefore, the driving motor drives the four Mecanum wheels to rotate at different rotation speeds, so that the automatic guided vehicle can move in different directions, and the automatic guided vehicle can be better controlled to steer and run.

Further, the automatic guided vehicle comprises a bottom plate which is horizontally arranged, the Mecanum wheel and the corresponding driving motor are arranged below the bottom plate, the forming cylinder device is arranged above the middle of the bottom plate, the point cloud detection sensor is arranged below the bottom plate, the wireless charging coil is arranged below the bottom plate, and the wireless communication control module is arranged above the bottom plate.

In this way, the function of each component is better facilitated.

Further, the forming cylinder device comprises a forming cylinder which is arranged above the middle part of the automatic guiding vehicle in a hollow mode, a circle of flanging extending outwards horizontally is arranged at the upper end of the forming cylinder to form a printing plane, a bottom plate tray of the forming cylinder can be matched with the inner cavity wall of the forming cylinder in an up-down sliding mode, the forming cylinder device further comprises a lifting device which is arranged on the automatic guiding vehicle below the forming cylinder, and a telescopic arm of the lifting device is connected to the lower surface of the bottom plate tray in an upward supporting mode.

Therefore, after the lifting device upwards supports the bottom plate tray to a position above the inner cavity of the forming cylinder, powder spreading printing is started, after each layer of printing is performed, the lifting device downwards retracts for a layer of distance, and then powder spreading printing is performed in the inner cavity of the forming cylinder again, so that the bottom plate tray descends layer by layer until printing is completed. Therefore, the device has the characteristics of simple structure, convenient control, stability and reliability.

Further, the four corners of the lower end of the forming cylinder are provided with downward supporting columns, and the lower position of the flanging at the periphery of the upper end of the forming cylinder is also provided with a supporting frame which is arranged obliquely outwards and downwards.

In this way, the stability of the forming cylinder can be better ensured.

Further, a waste accommodating groove is also arranged on the printing plane at the front end of the forming cylinder.

In this way, the waste material generated during feeding can fall down to better assist the feeding.

Further, the printing station is formed by a plurality of pairs of mounting brackets which are arranged on one side of the printing platform in pairs at intervals, the whole mounting bracket is in an inverted L-shaped support arm shape, the front end of the support arm horizontally extends forwards along the edge direction deviating from the printing platform, and the Y-axis guide rail of the printing device is fixed on the support arm at the upper end of the mounting bracket along the length direction.

In this way, the installation of the printing device is more convenient, and the butt joint of the forming cylinder device and the printing device is more convenient.

In conclusion, the invention has the advantages of better improving the printing efficiency and the printing precision, being capable of conveniently realizing printing different materials in one product, having simple structure, being flexible and convenient to control, and the like.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a high-efficiency 3D printing apparatus employed in the implementation of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the individual printing platform in fig. 1.

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the individual printing apparatus in fig. 1.

Fig. 4 is a schematic view of another angle of fig. 3.

Fig. 5 is a schematic view of the structure of the separate powder feeding device in fig. 1.

Fig. 6 is a side cross-sectional view of fig. 5.

Fig. 7 is a schematic view of the powder holding tank of fig. 1.

Fig. 8 is a cross-sectional view A-A of fig. 7.

Fig. 9 is a schematic perspective view of fig. 7.

Fig. 10 is a front view of the single automated guided vehicle of fig. 1.

Fig. 11 is a schematic perspective view of fig. 9.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following embodiments.

The specific embodiment is as follows: a high efficiency 3D printing apparatus, as shown in fig. 1-11, comprising a forming cylinder apparatus and a printing apparatus capable of mating; the forming cylinder device comprises a forming cylinder for printing; the printing device comprises two Y-axis guide rails 21 which are horizontally arranged at intervals, an X-axis guide rail 22 is vertically arranged between the two Y-axis guide rails along the horizontal direction, two ends of the X-axis guide rail 22 are slidably matched with the Y-axis guide rails 21, a Y-axis motion control mechanism for controlling the X-axis guide rail to slide on the Y-axis guide rail is also arranged, a printing head support 23 is slidably matched with the X-axis guide rail, an X-axis motion control mechanism for controlling the printing head support 23 to slide on the X-axis guide rail is arranged, and a printing nozzle (only a printing nozzle mounting hole is shown in the figure and a printing nozzle is not shown in the figure) is arranged on the printing head support; the printing device also comprises a powder supply device arranged above the rear end position of the mounting bracket and a powder spreading device; wherein a powder spreading device is installed below the X-axis guide rail 22, the powder spreading device having a powder containing groove 36 capable of containing a powder spreading capacity required for two-layer printing.

The Y-axis motion control mechanism is a Y-axis electric sliding table, a guide rail 24 of the Y-axis electric sliding table forms a Y-axis guide rail on one side, a sliding table 25 of the Y-axis electric sliding table is fixed with one end of an X-axis guide rail 22, the Y-axis guide rail on the other side is a linear guide rail 26, and the other end of the X-axis guide rail 22 is slidably clamped and matched on the linear guide rail 26.

Wherein, X axle motion control mechanism is X axle electric slipway, and the guide rail 27 of X axle electric slipway forms X axle guide rail, installs print head support 23 on the slipway of X axle electric slipway.

Wherein, the powder feeding device includes a powder case 30, and the powder case lower part is provided with the discharge gate, and discharge gate department is provided with quantitative discharge mechanism, and quantitative discharge mechanism below is connected with a play feed shuttle groove 31 that extends forward below, and play feed shuttle groove lower extreme slot is arranged along the width direction level between two corresponding installing support.

The quantitative discharging mechanism comprises a metering sleeve horizontally arranged at a discharging hole, the discharging hole is vertically communicated with the metering sleeve 32 and is connected, a metering roller is coaxially arranged at the inner axis of the metering sleeve, rectangular blades extending along the axial direction are uniformly distributed on the circumferential outer surface of the metering roller 33 along the circumferential direction, the length of each rectangular blade is consistent with the length of the inner cavity of the metering sleeve, the outer side surface of each rectangular blade is rotatably attached to the wall of the inner cavity of the metering sleeve, and one end of the metering roller 33 rotatably penetrates out of the end of the metering sleeve and is connected with a metering servo motor 34.

Wherein, the both ends of powder case 30 are fixed on the powder case mounting panel 35 side of vertical setting, and powder case mounting panel 35 lower extreme and installing support are fixed, and servo motor 34 for the measurement is fixed on powder case mounting panel opposite side.

Thus, the powder supply device is convenient to install and fix.

Wherein, shop the powder device includes a powder holding tank 36 that arranges along X axle guide length direction, powder holding tank 36 both ends are unsettled to be installed in X axle guide near both ends position below through ascending connecting plate 37, when X axle guide slides to Y axle guide rear end, powder holding tank upper end can with ejection of compact shuttle groove lower extreme slot butt joint, the powder holding tank link up about setting and both sides (be the rear side with the adjacent one side of powder case) respectively have a scraper 38 that sets up downwards, the scraper lower extreme has the cutting edge that the level set up, shop the powder device still includes a scraper switching control mechanism, scraper switching control mechanism can control two scraper up-down motion switches and make decurrent scraper cutting edge be in the printing plane height.

Wherein, the middle part at two ends of the powder holding groove 36 is rotatably installed on a connecting plate 37 near the lower part of two ends of the X-axis guide rail through a rotating shaft, two scrapers 38 are fixed at the front side and the rear side below the powder holding groove 36, the lower ends of the two scrapers are outwards opened to be symmetrical splayed, and the scraper switching control mechanism can control the powder holding groove to rotate along the rotating shaft.

Wherein, scraper switching control mechanism includes a powder holding tank rotation control motor 39 of fixing on X axle guide rail, and powder holding tank rotation control motor 39 is servo motor and with the pivot transmission connection of powder holding tank one end.

Thus, the structure is simple and the control is convenient.

Wherein, powder holding tank rotates control motor 39 through belt mechanism and the pivot transmission of powder holding tank one end and connects.

The printing spray heads comprise front printing spray heads arranged on the front side of the powder paving device and rear printing spray heads arranged on the rear side of the powder paving device.

Therefore, the structure can realize one-time printing before and after each layer of powder is paved, and the powder paving device can print four times in one round trip movement. Therefore, one layer of powder spreading sprays the adhesive twice for printing, the printing time is just connected before and after powder spreading, the printing before spreading can be favorable for better bonding and fixing the spread powder and the upper layer of material, and the printing after spreading is normal printing. Therefore, the adhesive is better beneficial to the powder to be adhered, fixed and formed, and the product quality is greatly improved. Meanwhile, the thickness of the powder paved on one layer can be increased by twice printing, so that the printing efficiency of the product is improved.

In practice, the contour range of the printing jet adhesive before each layer of powder is paved can be controlled to be between the contour range of the powder printing product of the layer and the contour range of the powder printing product of the last layer. Therefore, the contour connection between the layers is smoother, and the appearance precision of the product is improved.

In this embodiment, the X-axis guide rail 22 includes a front X-axis guide rail and a rear X-axis guide rail, the front X-axis guide rail and the rear X-axis guide rail are horizontally juxtaposed and fixedly disposed relative to each other, a set of printhead support and an X-axis motion control mechanism are respectively mounted on the front X-axis guide rail and the rear X-axis guide rail, a nozzle mounting plate 40 is further disposed on each of the two sets of printhead support, the nozzle mounting plate 40 includes an L-shaped front nozzle mounting plate mounted and connected to a front side surface of the front printhead support, and a front printing nozzle (not shown in the drawing) is mounted on a horizontal portion structure of a lower end of the front nozzle mounting plate; the nozzle mounting plate 40 further includes a rear nozzle mounting plate in an L shape, which is mounted and connected downward on the side surface of the rear end of the rear nozzle support, and a rear printing nozzle is structurally mounted on the horizontal portion of the lower end of the rear nozzle mounting plate (only the printing nozzle mounting holes are shown on the nozzle mounting plate in the figure, and the printing nozzle is not shown).

And the printing head support is also provided with a spray head vertical motion control mechanism for controlling the corresponding spray head mounting plate to vertically slide.

Wherein, the vertical motion control mechanism of shower nozzle includes a vertical guide rail 42 of vertical fixed setting in printing head support one side, one side of the shower nozzle mounting panel upper end that corresponds slidable cooperates on vertical guide rail, the upper end of vertical guide rail 42 is fixed to be provided with a vertical motion control motor 43 of shower nozzle, still include a screw rod 44 that sets up with vertical guide rail interval juxtaposing, the vertical motion control motor of shower nozzle is connected with the screw rod transmission and can drive the screw rod rotation, screw rod upper thread cooperation has connect a nut 45 soon, nut 45 is fixed at the shower nozzle mounting panel upper end that corresponds relatively.

The printing equipment further comprises a horizontally arranged printing platform 1, a plurality of printing stations are arranged on the printing platform 1, and each printing station is fixedly provided with a set of printing device; the device also comprises a guiding system, wherein the guiding system is used for guiding the forming cylinder device to be in butt joint with the printing device; the guide system is a guide system without a fixed guide rail, and the guide system without a fixed guide rail can generate a guide path according to requirements.

The guide system without the fixed guide rail comprises a plurality of positioning points 2 arranged on the surface of a printing platform, positioning guide members are arranged at the positions of the positioning points 2, and the positioning points are arranged in an array manner to form a two-dimensional guide point cloud array; the guiding system further comprises an automatic guiding vehicle 3, a point cloud detection sensor 4 capable of being positioned with a positioning guiding member of each positioning point in an induction mode is arranged on the automatic guiding vehicle 3, a universal wheel system is further arranged below the automatic guiding vehicle and connected with a driving motor 5, and the driving motor 5 can drive the universal wheel system to steer; the forming cylinder device is mounted on an automated guided vehicle 3.

The positioning guide member is an electromagnetic generator, and the point cloud detection sensor is a magnetic navigation sensor.

Wherein, the location guide component buries in below the printing platform upper surface.

Thus, the protection can be improved and the service life can be prolonged.

Among the locating points, still including at least one wireless charging potential 6, wireless charging potential 6 below buries wireless charging device, automatic guided vehicle lower surface middle part still corresponds and is provided with wireless charging coil 7, and wireless charging coil 7 links to each other with the battery of installing on automatic guided vehicle, the battery with driving motor links to each other.

Wherein at least a portion of the wireless charging station is located at a print station on the print platform.

The automatic guided vehicle is further provided with a wireless communication control module 8, and the wireless communication control module 8 is connected with the driving motor and controls the driving motor.

The automatic guided vehicle or the printing station is further provided with a positioning sensor 9, and the printing station or the automatic guided vehicle is correspondingly provided with a positioning sensor detection member (not shown in the figure). In operation, the registration sensor sensing member is mounted within the registration sensor sensing member mounting aperture 10 on the mounting bracket 20 of the print station.

The positioning sensor 9 preferably adopts a contact switch, and the positioning sensor detection member adopts a hard member which can be matched with the contact switch to realize contact detection.

The two pairs of contact switches are respectively arranged on contact switch mounting frames 11 arranged on two sides of the automatic guided vehicle upwards, and the positioning sensor detection member is a contact protrusion correspondingly formed on a pair of mounting brackets 20 of the printing station.

The universal wheel system comprises four Mecanum wheels 12 arranged at four corners below the automatic guided vehicle, and each Mecanum wheel 12 is respectively connected with a corresponding driving motor 5.

The automatic guided vehicle 3 comprises a bottom plate which is horizontally arranged, the Mecanum wheel 12 and a corresponding driving motor are arranged below the bottom plate, the forming cylinder device is arranged above the middle of the bottom plate, the point cloud detection sensor 4 is arranged below the bottom plate, the wireless charging coil 7 is arranged below the bottom plate, and the wireless communication control module 8 is arranged above the bottom plate.

In this way, the function of each component is better facilitated.

The forming cylinder device comprises a forming cylinder 13 which is arranged above the middle part of the automatic guided vehicle in a hollow mode, a circle of flanging extending outwards horizontally is arranged at the upper end of the forming cylinder 13 to form a printing plane 14, a bottom plate tray 15 of the forming cylinder is matched with the inner cavity wall of the forming cylinder in an up-down sliding mode, the forming cylinder device further comprises a lifting device 16 which is arranged on the automatic guided vehicle below the forming cylinder, and a telescopic arm of the lifting device 16 is supported and connected on the lower surface of the bottom plate tray in an up-supporting mode.

The four corners of the lower end of the forming cylinder are provided with downward supporting columns 17, and a supporting frame 18 which is obliquely arranged outside and below is also arranged below the flanging of the periphery of the upper end of the forming cylinder.

In this way, the stability of the forming cylinder can be better ensured.

Wherein, a waste material accommodating groove 19 is also arranged on the printing plane of the front end of the forming cylinder.

The printing station is formed by a plurality of pairs of mounting brackets 20 which are arranged on one side of the printing platform in pairs at intervals, the mounting brackets 20 are integrally in an inverted L-shaped support arm shape, the front ends of the support arms horizontally extend forwards along the direction deviating from the edge of the printing platform, and Y-axis guide rails 21 of the printing device are fixed on the support arms at the upper ends of the mounting brackets along the length direction.

Therefore, the equipment has the advantages of being capable of better improving printing efficiency and printing precision, being capable of conveniently realizing printing of different materials in one product, being simple in structure, flexible and convenient to control and the like.

Claims

1. A shop's powder device for 3D prints, a serial communication port, shop's powder device includes a powder holding tank that arranges along X axle guide rail length direction, powder holding tank both ends are unsettled to be installed in X axle guide rail and are close to both ends position below through ascending connecting plate, when X axle guide rail slides to Y axle guide rail rear end, powder holding tank upper end can with ejection of compact shuttle groove lower extreme slot butt joint, powder holding tank link up the setting from top to bottom and both sides respectively have a scraper that sets up downwards around and, the scraper lower extreme has the cutting edge of level setting, shop's powder device still includes a scraper switching control mechanism, scraper switching control mechanism can control two scraper up-and-down motion switch and make decurrent scraper cutting edge be in printing plane height.

2. The powder spreading device for 3D printing according to claim 1, wherein the middle parts of the two ends of the powder containing groove are rotatably installed on the connecting plates of the X-axis guide rail near the lower parts of the two ends through rotating shafts, two scrapers are fixed on the front side and the rear side below the powder containing groove, the lower ends of the two scrapers are outwards opened to form symmetrical splayed shapes, and the scraper switching control mechanism can control the powder containing groove to rotate along the rotating shafts.

3. The powder spreading device for 3D printing according to claim 2, wherein the doctor blade switching control mechanism comprises a powder receiving groove rotation control motor fixed on the X-axis guide rail, and the powder receiving groove rotation control motor is a servo motor and is in transmission connection with a rotating shaft at one end of the powder receiving groove.

4. The powder spreading device for 3D printing according to claim 2, wherein the powder receiving tank rotation control motor is drivingly connected to the rotary shaft at one end of the powder receiving tank via a belt mechanism.