CN116140789B - Backfill type friction stir spot welding equipment and welding method - Google Patents
Backfill type friction stir spot welding equipment and welding method Download PDFInfo
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- CN116140789B CN116140789B CN202310439056.6A CN202310439056A CN116140789B CN 116140789 B CN116140789 B CN 116140789B CN 202310439056 A CN202310439056 A CN 202310439056A CN 116140789 B CN116140789 B CN 116140789B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
- B23K20/122—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding
- B23K20/1245—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding characterised by the apparatus
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
- B23K20/122—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding
- B23K20/1245—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding characterised by the apparatus
- B23K20/1255—Tools therefor, e.g. characterised by the shape of the probe
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/10—Greenhouse gas [GHG] capture, material saving, heat recovery or other energy efficient measures, e.g. motor control, characterised by manufacturing processes, e.g. for rolling metal or metal working
Abstract
The invention relates to backfill type friction stir spot welding equipment and a welding method, wherein the backfill type friction stir spot welding equipment comprises a stirring pin, a pressing sleeve and a backfill sleeve, and the stirring pin is rotatably arranged in the pressing sleeve; the stirring pin comprises a working section for friction welding and a transmission section for transmitting rotary power, wherein the transmission section is in transmission connection with the driving device, and the working section is abutted with a workpiece to be welded; the cross section of the outer peripheral surface of the working section is in a Lerlo triangle shape, and a plurality of accommodating grooves are axially formed along the outer peripheral surface of the working section; the pressing sleeve is abutted to the workpiece to be welded, a square hole matched with the outer peripheral surface of the working section is formed in the pressing sleeve, and the stirring needle performs eccentric rotary motion in the square hole. The equipment can be used for preparing the lap joint which has no keyhole and better mechanical property.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of processing and manufacturing, and particularly relates to backfill type friction stir spot welding equipment and a welding method.
Background
Along with the increasing importance of society on energy conservation and environmental protection, the lightweight design becomes a research hotspot and development direction in the industrial fields of aerospace, automobiles, motor vehicles and the like. The adoption of light metal alloy (such as aluminum alloy and magnesium alloy) to replace the traditional steel material is an effective measure for realizing light weight. The traditional point connection method (such as resistance spot welding and riveting) has the defects of poor welding quality, high energy consumption, weight increment of components and the like, and restricts the application of the light alloy in the industrial field. Therefore, friction stir spot welding is employed in the prior art for light alloy spot welding.
The friction stir spot welding technology is a novel solid-phase spot welding technology which is derived on the basis of the friction stir welding technology and is suitable for light metal alloy connection. The friction stir spot welding technology can form lap joints similar to resistance spot welding and riveting, and has the advantages of high joint quality, stable welding quality, small deformation, high efficiency, energy conservation and the like. However, in the friction stir spot welding adopted in the prior art, the linear velocity of the outer circle part of the stirring pin is large, but the linear velocity of the central area of the stirring pin is small, even zero. The friction force on the contact part of the workpiece and the edge area of the stirring pin is high, and the temperature is high; the contact part of the central area of the stirring pin is small in friction and low in temperature. Therefore, a keyhole is easily remained in the center of the welding spot, which affects the mechanical properties and appearance of the welding spot. Meanwhile, due to the limitation of the special structure and the movement mode of the stirring pin, the material flow speed in the center of the welding spot is often lower, so that the phenomena of coarser crystal grains, insufficient mixing of a connecting ligament and a base material and the like are caused.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a backfill type friction stir spot welding device and a welding method, wherein the device can be used for preparing a lap joint which is free of key holes and has better mechanical properties.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the backfill type friction stir spot welding equipment comprises a stirring head composed of a stirring needle and a pressing sleeve, wherein the stirring needle is rotatably arranged in the pressing sleeve; the stirring pin comprises a working section for friction welding and a transmission section for transmitting rotary power, wherein the transmission section is in transmission connection with the driving device, and the working section is abutted with a workpiece to be welded; the cross section of the outer peripheral surface of the working section is in a Lerlo triangle shape, and a plurality of accommodating grooves are axially formed along the outer peripheral surface of the working section; the pressing sleeve is abutted with the workpiece to be welded, a square hole matched with the outer peripheral surface of the working section is formed in the pressing sleeve, and the stirring needle performs eccentric rotation in the square hole;
the backfill type friction stir spot welding equipment further comprises a backfill sleeve matched with the stirring pin, wherein the backfill sleeve is sleeved on the periphery of the stirring pin and matched with the accommodating groove; the backfill sleeve comprises a backfill finger, a connecting section and a driving section which are sequentially arranged; the driving section is connected with the driving device to drive the backfill sleeve to axially move relative to the stirring pin; the backfill finger is in sliding fit in the accommodating groove, and the cross-sectional shape of the backfill finger is matched with the cross-sectional shape of the accommodating groove; the backfill sleeve moves axially to squeeze material in the receiving groove against a welding surface as the pin is retracted.
Preferably, the bottom of the working section is provided with a working surface, a plurality of guide grooves are arranged on the working surface, the guide grooves are arranged in one-to-one correspondence with the accommodating grooves, and guide surfaces are arranged between the guide grooves and the accommodating grooves.
Preferably, the ratio of the width W of the accommodating groove to the width L of the outer peripheral surface of the working section is 0.25-0.3; the ratio of the depth D of the accommodating groove to the width W of the accommodating groove is 0.4-0.5, and the ratio of the distance S of the bottom of the accommodating groove from the center of the working section to the depth D of the accommodating groove is more than or equal to 2; the ratio of the width H of the guide groove to the width W of the accommodating groove is 0.25 or less.
The welding method adopting the backfill type friction stir spot welding device comprises the following steps of:
step 1: after the upper plate and the lower plate of the workpiece to be welded are well overlapped and placed below the backfill type friction stir spot welding equipment, the driving device controls the pressing sleeve to abut against the surface of the upper plate of the workpiece and keep fixed;
step 2: the driving device controls the stirring pin to axially move to be abutted against the surface of the upper plate of the workpiece, and then controls the stirring pin to firstly perform low-speed eccentric rotation along the inner periphery of the square hole of the compression sleeve so as to preheat the stirring pin, the rotating speed of the stirring pin is controlled to be 80-120 rpm, and the preheating time is controlled to be 50-80 seconds;
step 4: after plastic deformation of a welding area of a workpiece, the pressing sleeve presses the workpiece upper plate and the workpiece lower plate with a lower pressure of not less than 20kN so as to prevent material overflow;
step 5: controlling the stirring pin to rotate at the rotating speed in the stirring pin maintaining step 3, and simultaneously enabling the stirring pin to move downwards at an axial feeding speed of 1-5 mm/min, wherein when the stirring pin penetrates through the workpiece upper plate and is inserted into the workpiece lower plate to reach a specified processing depth, the stirring pin is retracted in the opposite direction, and the retracting speed is the same as the axial feeding speed during downward movement; simultaneously, controlling the backfill sleeve to axially feed so as to squeeze the material in the accommodating groove to a welding surface; the feeding speed of the backfill sleeve is controlled as follows: when the stirring pin is retracted to be in level with the surface of the upper plate of the workpiece, the backfill sleeve is in level with the working surface of the stirring pin;
step 6: when the backfill sleeve is leveled with the working surface of the stirring pin, controlling the stirring pin to continuously maintain the rotating speed in the step 3, and controlling the rotating time to be 1-2 min;
step 7: and gradually reducing the rotating speed of the stirring pin to 10-50 rpm, and controlling the rotating stirring pin and the backfilling sleeve to be pressed down together, so that the surface of the welding part of the workpiece is formed smoothly.
Compared with the prior art, the backfill type friction stir spot welding equipment and the welding method provided by the invention have the following beneficial technical effects:
1. according to the backfill type friction stir spot welding equipment provided by the invention, the cross section of the outer peripheral surface of the working section of the stirring pin is in the shape of the Lorlo triangle, so that when the stirring pin is driven to rotate in the square hole, the center of the stirring pin is eccentrically rotated, the condition that the rotation speed at the center is small and even zero is avoided, the temperature of a workpiece in a welding area is more uniform, and the mechanical property of a material at the welding position is obviously improved. Meanwhile, a plurality of accommodating grooves are formed in the working section, and accommodating spaces are provided for welding materials in the welding process. When the stirring pin is in eccentric rotary motion in the pressing sleeve, the accommodating groove can accommodate welding materials extruded due to the eccentric rotary motion of the stirring pin, so that the safety of the welding process is ensured.
2. Meanwhile, the backfill sleeve is sleeved outside the stirring pin, so that the cross section shape of the backfill finger is matched with the cross section shape of the accommodating groove, and the backfill finger on the backfill sleeve is in sliding fit with the accommodating groove. In the welding process, when the stirring pin is retracted, the backfill sleeve is controlled to move along the axial direction so as to extrude the material in the accommodating groove to the welding surface, thereby avoiding the residual welding material on the stirring pin, enabling all the welding materials to be backfilled to the joint and ensuring the integrity of the welding surface.
3. The invention also provides the guide groove communicated with the accommodating groove on the working surface of the stirring pin, so that welding materials can be stably guided to the accommodating groove in the welding process, and the safety performance of equipment is further improved. The size of the accommodating groove and the guide groove which are specially arranged can ensure that the working surface has enough working area to participate in friction welding on one hand, and can effectively guide welding materials to enter the accommodating groove on the other hand.
4. The backfill type friction stir spot welding equipment provided by the invention has a simple and effective structure, friction stir welding can be realized only by a simple driving device, and the temperature of a workpiece in a welding area is more uniform.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a backfill friction stir spot welding apparatus;
FIG. 2 is a top view of a backfill friction stir spot welding apparatus;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a stirring pin;
FIG. 4 is a side view of a stirring pin;
fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of the backfill sleeve.
Wherein the reference symbols in the figures have the following meanings:
1. a stirring pin; 2. a compacting sleeve; 3. backfilling the sleeve; 4. a workpiece upper plate; 5. a workpiece lower plate; 11. a working section; 12. a transmission section; 13. a receiving groove; 14. a work surface; 15. a guide surface; 16. a guide groove; 21. square holes; 31. backfilling fingers; 32. a connection section; 33. a drive section; 34. and a through hole.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more clear, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It will be apparent that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the invention.
Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the invention is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of some embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
It should be noted that, under the condition of no conflict, the embodiments of the present invention and the features and technical solutions in the embodiments may be combined with each other.
It should be noted that: like reference numerals and letters denote like items in the following figures, and thus once an item is defined in one figure, no further definition or explanation thereof is necessary in the following figures.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, the terms "upper", "lower", and the like indicate an azimuth or a positional relationship based on the azimuth or the positional relationship shown in the drawings, or an azimuth or a positional relationship conventionally put in use of the inventive product, or an azimuth or a positional relationship conventionally understood by those skilled in the art, such terms are merely for convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the apparatus or element to be referred must have a specific azimuth, be constructed and operated in a specific azimuth, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like, are used merely to distinguish between descriptions and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1-5, the invention firstly provides a backfill type friction stir spot welding device, which comprises a stirring head consisting of a stirring needle 1 and a compacting sleeve 2, wherein the stirring needle 1 is rotatably arranged in the compacting sleeve 2; the stirring pin 1 comprises a working section 11 for friction welding and a transmission section 12 for transmitting rotary power, wherein the transmission section 12 is in transmission connection with a driving device (not shown in the figure), and the working section 11 is abutted against a workpiece to be welded; the cross section of the outer peripheral surface of the working section 11 is in a Lolo triangle shape, and a plurality of accommodating grooves 13 are axially arranged along the outer peripheral surface of the working section 11; the pressing sleeve 2 is abutted with a workpiece to be welded, a square hole 21 matched with the outer peripheral surface of the working section 11 is formed in the pressing sleeve, and the stirring needle 1 performs eccentric rotation in the square hole 21.
During operation, the pressing sleeve 2 is abutted against the surface of the workpiece upper plate 4 and kept stationary, the driving device drives the stirring needle 1 to rotate on the surface of the workpiece upper plate 4, heat generated by friction between the stirring needle 1 and the workpiece upper plate 4 is utilized to enable materials to reach a thermoplastic state, then the stirring needle 1 is controlled to axially move while in rotation, so that the thermoplastic materials are subjected to plastic deformation under the action of mechanical force, an original lap joint interface between the workpiece upper plate 4 and the workpiece lower plate 5 is fully mixed, and a back-off space formed in a welding process is filled while the stirring needle 1 is retracted, so that a welding spot without a keyhole is formed.
In the prior art, the linear velocity of the excircle part of the stirring pin is larger, but the linear velocity of the central area of the stirring pin is small, even zero. The friction force on the contact part of the workpiece and the edge area of the stirring pin is high, and the temperature is high; the contact part of the central area of the stirring pin is small in friction and low in temperature. The larger temperature difference of different parts of the workpiece obviously reduces the mechanical property of the welding spot. Therefore, the backfill type friction stir spot welding equipment provided by the invention has the advantages that the cross section of the peripheral surface of the working section of the stirring pin is in the shape of a Lorlo triangle, so that when the stirring pin is driven to rotate in a square hole, the center of the stirring pin is eccentrically rotated, the condition that the rotation speed at the center is small, even zero is avoided, the temperature of a workpiece in a welding area is more uniform, and the mechanical property of a material at the welding position is obviously improved. Meanwhile, a plurality of accommodating grooves are formed in the working section, and accommodating spaces are provided for welding materials in the welding process. When the stirring pin is in eccentric rotary motion in the pressing sleeve, the accommodating groove can accommodate welding materials extruded due to the eccentric rotary motion of the stirring pin, so that the safety of the welding process is ensured.
Preferably, the device also comprises a backfill sleeve 3 matched with the stirring pin 1, wherein the backfill sleeve 3 is sleeved on the periphery of the stirring pin 1 and matched with the accommodating groove 13. The backfill sleeve 3 comprises a backfill finger 31, a connecting section 32 and a driving section 33 which are sequentially arranged, through holes 34 are formed in the connecting section 32 and the driving section 33, and the connecting section 32 and the driving section 33 are sleeved on the periphery of the transmission section 12. The driving section 33 is connected with a driving device (not shown in the figure) to drive the backfill sleeve 3 to axially move relative to the stirring pin 1; the backfill finger 31 is slip-fit in the receiving slot 13, and the cross-sectional shape of the backfill finger 31 is adapted to the cross-sectional shape of the receiving slot 13. As the pin 1 is retracted, the backfill sleeve 3 moves axially to press the material in the receiving groove 13 against the welding surface.
According to the embodiment, the backfill sleeve is sleeved outside the stirring pin, so that the cross section shape of the backfill finger is matched with the cross section shape of the accommodating groove, and the backfill finger on the backfill sleeve is in sliding fit with the accommodating groove. In the welding process, when the stirring pin is retracted, the backfill sleeve is controlled to move along the axial direction so as to extrude the material in the accommodating groove to the welding surface, thereby avoiding the residual welding material on the stirring pin, enabling all the welding materials to be backfilled to the joint and ensuring the integrity of the welding surface.
Preferably, the bottom of the working section 11 is provided with a working surface 14, a plurality of guide grooves 16 are arranged on the working surface 14, the guide grooves 16 are arranged in one-to-one correspondence with the accommodating grooves 13, and a guide surface 15 is arranged between the guide grooves 16 and the accommodating grooves 13.
In order to ensure that the material at the welding position can effectively flow to the accommodating groove of the working section in the friction welding process, a guide groove communicated with the accommodating groove is formed in the working surface of the stirring pin, so that the welding material in the welding process can be stably guided to the accommodating groove, and the safety performance of the device is further improved.
Preferably, the ratio of the width W of the accommodating groove 13 to the outer circumferential surface width L of the working section 11 is 0.25 to 0.3; the ratio of the depth D of the accommodating groove 13 to the width W of the accommodating groove 13 is 0.4-0.5, and the ratio of the distance S of the bottom of the accommodating groove 13 from the center of the working section 11 to the depth D of the accommodating groove 13 is more than or equal to 2; the ratio of the width H of the guide groove 16 to the width W of the accommodation groove 13 is 0.25 or less.
According to the preferred embodiment, the working surface is ensured to have enough working area to participate in friction welding, meanwhile, the welding material can effectively flow to the accommodating groove, and the safe and reliable welding process is ensured.
Example two
The invention also provides a welding method for the backfill type friction stir spot welding equipment, which comprises the following steps:
step 1: after the upper workpiece plate 4 and the lower workpiece plate 5 to be welded are well overlapped and placed below the backfill type friction stir spot welding equipment, the driving device controls the pressing sleeve 2 to abut against the surface of the upper workpiece plate 4 and keep the pressing sleeve fixed;
step 2: the driving device controls the stirring pin 1 to axially move to be abutted against the surface of the workpiece upper plate 4, and then controls the stirring pin 1 to firstly perform low-speed eccentric rotation along the inner periphery of the square hole 21 of the compression sleeve 2, so that the stirring pin 1 is preheated, the rotating speed of the stirring pin 1 is controlled to be 80-120 rpm, and the preheating time is controlled to be 50-80 seconds;
step 4: after plastic deformation of the welding area of the workpiece, the pressing sleeve 2 presses the workpiece upper plate 4 and the workpiece lower plate 5 with a lower pressure of not less than 20kN so as to prevent material overflow;
step 5: controlling the stirring pin 1 to rotate at the rotating speed in the step 3, and simultaneously, enabling the stirring pin 1 to move downwards at an axial feeding speed of 1-5 mm/min, wherein after the stirring pin 1 penetrates through the workpiece upper plate 4 and is inserted into the workpiece lower plate 5 to reach a specified processing depth, the stirring pin 1 is retracted in the opposite direction, and the retracting speed is the same as the axial feeding speed during downward movement; at the same time, the backfill sleeve 3 is controlled to feed axially to press the material in the receiving groove 13 to the welding surface; the feed speed of the backfill sleeve 3 is controlled as follows: when the stirring pin 1 is retracted to be in level with the surface of the workpiece upper plate 4, the backfill sleeve 3 is in level with the working surface 14 of the stirring pin 1;
step 6: when the backfill sleeve 3 is leveled with the working surface 14 of the stirring pin 1, controlling the stirring pin 1 to continuously maintain the rotation speed in the step 3, and controlling the rotation time to be 1-2 min;
step 7: and after the rotating speed of the stirring pin 1 is gradually reduced to 10 rpm-50 rpm, the rotating stirring pin 1 and the backfill sleeve 3 are controlled to be pressed down together, so that the surface of the welding part of the workpiece is formed smoothly.
According to the second embodiment, the backfill type friction stir spot welding device provided by the invention is used for welding workpieces, so that the condition that the central rotation speed is too low and even zero does not exist, the defects existing in the prior art are effectively avoided, and the mechanical property of the welding point is obviously improved. Meanwhile, the full flow of the material of the welding part is ensured, and the whole quality of the welding part is improved.
The above embodiments are only for illustrating the present invention and not for limiting the technical solutions described in the present invention, and although the present invention has been described in detail in the present specification with reference to the above embodiments, the present invention is not limited to the above specific embodiments, and thus any modifications or equivalent substitutions are made to the present invention; all technical solutions and modifications thereof that do not depart from the spirit and scope of the invention are intended to be included in the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (1)
1. The backfill type friction stir spot welding method is characterized in that a backfill type friction stir spot welding device is adopted for welding, the backfill type friction stir spot welding device comprises a stirring head consisting of a stirring pin and a pressing sleeve, and the stirring pin is rotatably arranged in the pressing sleeve; the stirring pin comprises a working section for friction welding and a transmission section for transmitting rotary power, wherein the transmission section is in transmission connection with the driving device, and the working section is abutted with a workpiece to be welded; the cross section of the outer peripheral surface of the working section is in a Lerlo triangle shape, and a plurality of accommodating grooves are axially formed along the outer peripheral surface of the working section; the pressing sleeve is abutted with the workpiece to be welded, a square hole matched with the outer peripheral surface of the working section is formed in the pressing sleeve, and the stirring needle performs eccentric rotation in the square hole;
the backfill type friction stir spot welding equipment further comprises a backfill sleeve matched with the stirring pin, wherein the backfill sleeve is sleeved on the periphery of the stirring pin and matched with the accommodating groove; the backfill sleeve comprises a backfill finger, a connecting section and a driving section which are sequentially arranged; the driving section is connected with the driving device to drive the backfill sleeve to axially move relative to the stirring pin; the backfill finger is in sliding fit in the accommodating groove, and the cross-sectional shape of the backfill finger is matched with the cross-sectional shape of the accommodating groove; the backfill sleeve moves axially while the stirring pin is retracted to squeeze the material in the accommodating groove to a welding surface;
the bottom of the working section is provided with a working surface, a plurality of guide grooves are formed in the working surface, and the guide grooves and the accommodating grooves are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence manner;
a guide surface is arranged between the guide groove and the accommodating groove;
the ratio of the width W of the accommodating groove to the width L of the outer peripheral surface of the working section is 0.25-0.3;
the ratio of the depth D of the accommodating groove to the width W of the accommodating groove is 0.4-0.5, and the ratio of the distance S of the bottom of the accommodating groove from the center of the working section to the depth D of the accommodating groove is more than or equal to 2;
the ratio of the width H of the guide groove to the width W of the accommodating groove is less than or equal to 0.25;
the backfill type friction stir spot welding method comprises the following steps:
step 1: after the upper plate and the lower plate of the workpiece to be welded are well overlapped and placed below the backfill type friction stir spot welding equipment, the driving device controls the pressing sleeve to abut against the surface of the upper plate of the workpiece and keep fixed;
step 2: the driving device controls the stirring pin to axially move to be abutted against the surface of the upper plate of the workpiece, and then controls the stirring pin to firstly perform low-speed eccentric rotation along the inner periphery of the square hole of the compression sleeve so as to preheat the stirring pin, the rotating speed of the stirring pin is controlled to be 80-120 rpm, and the preheating time is controlled to be 50-80 seconds;
step 3, after the stirring pin is preheated, controlling the stirring pin to perform high-speed eccentric rotation movement so as to enable the material in the welding area to achieve plastic deformation, wherein the rotating speed of the stirring pin is controlled to be 1400-160 rpm, and the rotating time is controlled to be 180-200 seconds;
step 4: after plastic deformation of a welding area of a workpiece, the pressing sleeve presses the workpiece upper plate and the workpiece lower plate with a lower pressure of not less than 20kN so as to prevent material overflow;
step 5: controlling the stirring pin to rotate at the rotating speed in the stirring pin maintaining step 3, and simultaneously enabling the stirring pin to move downwards at an axial feeding speed of 1-5 mm/min, wherein when the stirring pin penetrates through the workpiece upper plate and is inserted into the workpiece lower plate to reach a specified processing depth, the stirring pin is retracted in the opposite direction, and the retracting speed is the same as the axial feeding speed during downward movement; simultaneously, controlling the backfill sleeve to axially feed so as to squeeze the material in the accommodating groove to a welding surface; the feeding speed of the backfill sleeve is controlled as follows: when the stirring pin is retracted to be in level with the surface of the upper plate of the workpiece, the backfill sleeve is in level with the working surface of the stirring pin;
step 6: when the backfill sleeve is leveled with the working surface of the stirring pin, controlling the stirring pin to continuously maintain the rotating speed in the step 3, and controlling the rotating time to be 1-2 min;
step 7: and gradually reducing the rotating speed of the stirring pin to 10-50 rpm, and controlling the rotating stirring pin and the backfilling sleeve to be pressed down together, so that the surface of the welding part of the workpiece is formed smoothly.
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