CN116133524A - 用于防治无脊椎有害生物的三唑酮化合物 - Google Patents
用于防治无脊椎有害生物的三唑酮化合物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN116133524A CN116133524A CN202180059567.4A CN202180059567A CN116133524A CN 116133524 A CN116133524 A CN 116133524A CN 202180059567 A CN202180059567 A CN 202180059567A CN 116133524 A CN116133524 A CN 116133524A
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- compound
- trifluoromethyl
- formula
- haloalkyl
- alkyl
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- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 168
- FFSJPOPLSWBGQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N triazol-4-one Chemical class O=C1C=NN=N1 FFSJPOPLSWBGQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 5
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 424
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 292
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 87
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- -1 C 1 -C 4 Alkoxy Chemical group 0.000 claims description 252
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 52
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 51
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 48
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 45
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims description 41
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 40
- 125000001188 haloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 37
- 125000004093 cyano group Chemical group *C#N 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 35
- 125000004765 (C1-C4) haloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 30
- NYPJDWWKZLNGGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N fenvalerate Chemical compound C=1C=C(Cl)C=CC=1C(C(C)C)C(=O)OC(C#N)C(C=1)=CC=CC=1OC1=CC=CC=C1 NYPJDWWKZLNGGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- 125000004769 (C1-C4) alkylsulfonyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 29
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 125000002023 trifluoromethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)* 0.000 claims description 29
- 125000004768 (C1-C4) alkylsulfinyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 28
- 125000004767 (C1-C4) haloalkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 28
- 125000004771 (C1-C4) haloalkylsulfinyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 28
- 150000001204 N-oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 27
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 27
- 230000003071 parasitic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 27
- 125000001559 cyclopropyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C1([H])* 0.000 claims description 24
- 125000004441 haloalkylsulfonyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000005660 Abamectin Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 125000004453 alkoxycarbonyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 19
- 125000006645 (C3-C4) cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 16
- 125000001054 5 membered carbocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- IBSREHMXUMOFBB-JFUDTMANSA-N 5u8924t11h Chemical compound O1[C@@H](C)[C@H](O)[C@@H](OC)C[C@@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@@H](OC)C[C@H](O[C@@H]2C(=C/C[C@@H]3C[C@@H](C[C@@]4(O3)C=C[C@H](C)[C@@H](C(C)C)O4)OC(=O)[C@@H]3C=C(C)[C@@H](O)[C@H]4OC\C([C@@]34O)=C/C=C/[C@@H]2C)/C)O[C@H]1C.C1=C[C@H](C)[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)O[C@]11O[C@H](C\C=C(C)\[C@@H](O[C@@H]2O[C@@H](C)[C@H](O[C@@H]3O[C@@H](C)[C@H](O)[C@@H](OC)C3)[C@@H](OC)C2)[C@@H](C)\C=C\C=C/2[C@]3([C@H](C(=O)O4)C=C(C)[C@@H](O)[C@H]3OC\2)O)C[C@H]4C1 IBSREHMXUMOFBB-JFUDTMANSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 229950008167 abamectin Drugs 0.000 claims description 15
- ZXQYGBMAQZUVMI-RDDWSQKMSA-N (1S)-cis-(alphaR)-cyhalothrin Chemical compound CC1(C)[C@H](\C=C(/Cl)C(F)(F)F)[C@@H]1C(=O)O[C@@H](C#N)C1=CC=CC(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 ZXQYGBMAQZUVMI-RDDWSQKMSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000005910 lambda-Cyhalothrin Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000000967 entomopathogenic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- OMFRMAHOUUJSGP-IRHGGOMRSA-N bifenthrin Chemical compound C1=CC=C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C(C)=C1COC(=O)[C@@H]1[C@H](\C=C(/Cl)C(F)(F)F)C1(C)C OMFRMAHOUUJSGP-IRHGGOMRSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- ZXQYGBMAQZUVMI-UNOMPAQXSA-N cyhalothrin Chemical compound CC1(C)C(\C=C(/Cl)C(F)(F)F)C1C(=O)OC(C#N)C1=CC=CC(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 ZXQYGBMAQZUVMI-UNOMPAQXSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000005874 Bifenthrin Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000005658 Tebufenpyrad Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- RYLHNOVXKPXDIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N flufenoxuron Chemical compound C=1C=C(NC(=O)NC(=O)C=2C(=CC=CC=2F)F)C(F)=CC=1OC1=CC=C(C(F)(F)F)C=C1Cl RYLHNOVXKPXDIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 11
- ZZYSLNWGKKDOML-UHFFFAOYSA-N tebufenpyrad Chemical compound CCC1=NN(C)C(C(=O)NCC=2C=CC(=CC=2)C(C)(C)C)=C1Cl ZZYSLNWGKKDOML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- FNELVJVBIYMIMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethiprole Chemical compound N1=C(C#N)C(S(=O)CC)=C(N)N1C1=C(Cl)C=C(C(F)(F)F)C=C1Cl FNELVJVBIYMIMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- XQUXKZZNEFRCAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N fenpropathrin Chemical compound CC1(C)C(C)(C)C1C(=O)OC(C#N)C1=CC=CC(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 XQUXKZZNEFRCAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229950003442 methoprene Drugs 0.000 claims description 10
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000005944 Chlorpyrifos Substances 0.000 claims description 9
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- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000005916 Methomyl Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000005926 Pyridalyl Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 241000700605 Viruses Species 0.000 claims description 9
- SBPBAQFWLVIOKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorpyrifos Chemical compound CCOP(=S)(OCC)OC1=NC(Cl)=C(Cl)C=C1Cl SBPBAQFWLVIOKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229960002483 decamethrin Drugs 0.000 claims description 9
- OWZREIFADZCYQD-NSHGMRRFSA-N deltamethrin Chemical compound CC1(C)[C@@H](C=C(Br)Br)[C@H]1C(=O)O[C@H](C#N)C1=CC=CC(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 OWZREIFADZCYQD-NSHGMRRFSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- YKBZOVFACRVRJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dinotefuran Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)\N=C(/NC)NCC1CCOC1 YKBZOVFACRVRJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- AEHJMNVBLRLZKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridalyl Chemical group N1=CC(C(F)(F)F)=CC=C1OCCCOC1=C(Cl)C=C(OCC=C(Cl)Cl)C=C1Cl AEHJMNVBLRLZKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- BAKXBZPQTXCKRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiodicarb Chemical compound CSC(C)=NOC(=O)NSNC(=O)ON=C(C)SC BAKXBZPQTXCKRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000005913 (C3-C6) cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000006552 (C3-C8) cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- NFGXHKASABOEEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methylethyl 11-methoxy-3,7,11-trimethyl-2,4-dodecadienoate Chemical compound COC(C)(C)CCCC(C)CC=CC(C)=CC(=O)OC(C)C NFGXHKASABOEEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 108700003918 Bacillus Thuringiensis insecticidal crystal Proteins 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000005927 Pyriproxyfen Substances 0.000 claims description 8
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- 239000005939 Tefluthrin Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000005942 Triflumuron Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- RIOXQFHNBCKOKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N benomyl Chemical compound C1=CC=C2N(C(=O)NCCCC)C(NC(=O)OC)=NC2=C1 RIOXQFHNBCKOKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- MITFXPHMIHQXPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzoxaprofen Natural products N=1C2=CC(C(C(O)=O)C)=CC=C2OC=1C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 MITFXPHMIHQXPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- GCKZANITAMOIAR-XWVCPFKXSA-N dsstox_cid_14566 Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=C[C@H](C)[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)O[C@]11O[C@H](C\C=C(C)\[C@@H](O[C@@H]2O[C@@H](C)[C@H](O[C@@H]3O[C@@H](C)[C@H]([NH2+]C)[C@@H](OC)C3)[C@@H](OC)C2)[C@@H](C)\C=C\C=C/2[C@]3([C@H](C(=O)O4)C=C(C)[C@@H](O)[C@H]3OC\2)O)C[C@H]4C1 GCKZANITAMOIAR-XWVCPFKXSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- YREQHYQNNWYQCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N etofenprox Chemical compound C1=CC(OCC)=CC=C1C(C)(C)COCC1=CC=CC(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 YREQHYQNNWYQCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- UHXUZOCRWCRNSJ-QPJJXVBHSA-N methomyl Chemical compound CNC(=O)O\N=C(/C)SC UHXUZOCRWCRNSJ-QPJJXVBHSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229930002897 methoprene Natural products 0.000 claims description 8
- NHDHVHZZCFYRSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyriproxyfen Chemical compound C=1C=CC=NC=1OC(C)COC(C=C1)=CC=C1OC1=CC=CC=C1 NHDHVHZZCFYRSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- QYPNKSZPJQQLRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N tebufenozide Chemical compound C1=CC(CC)=CC=C1C(=O)NN(C(C)(C)C)C(=O)C1=CC(C)=CC(C)=C1 QYPNKSZPJQQLRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
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- WCXDHFDTOYPNIE-RIYZIHGNSA-N (E)-acetamiprid Chemical compound N#C/N=C(\C)N(C)CC1=CC=C(Cl)N=C1 WCXDHFDTOYPNIE-RIYZIHGNSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
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- 239000005875 Acetamiprid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
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- 239000005889 Cyantraniliprole Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000005891 Cyromazine Substances 0.000 claims description 7
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- 239000005941 Thiamethoxam Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- PRLVTUNWOQKEAI-VKAVYKQESA-N buprofezin Chemical compound O=C1N(C(C)C)\C(=N\C(C)(C)C)SCN1C1=CC=CC=C1 PRLVTUNWOQKEAI-VKAVYKQESA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- PSOVNZZNOMJUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorantraniliprole Chemical compound CNC(=O)C1=CC(Cl)=CC(C)=C1NC(=O)C1=CC(Br)=NN1C1=NC=CC=C1Cl PSOVNZZNOMJUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- DVBUIBGJRQBEDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyantraniliprole Chemical compound CNC(=O)C1=CC(C#N)=CC(C)=C1NC(=O)C1=CC(Br)=NN1C1=NC=CC=C1Cl DVBUIBGJRQBEDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- KAATUXNTWXVJKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N cypermethrin Chemical compound CC1(C)C(C=C(Cl)Cl)C1C(=O)OC(C#N)C1=CC=CC(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 KAATUXNTWXVJKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
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- DWFZBUWUXWZWKD-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridaben Chemical compound C1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=CC=C1CSC1=C(Cl)C(=O)N(C(C)(C)C)N=C1 DWFZBUWUXWZWKD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- DTDSAWVUFPGDMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N spirodiclofen Chemical compound CCC(C)(C)C(=O)OC1=C(C=2C(=CC(Cl)=CC=2)Cl)C(=O)OC11CCCCC1 DTDSAWVUFPGDMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- NWWZPOKUUAIXIW-FLIBITNWSA-N thiamethoxam Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)\N=C/1N(C)COCN\1CC1=CN=C(Cl)S1 NWWZPOKUUAIXIW-FLIBITNWSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- CFRPSFYHXJZSBI-DHZHZOJOSA-N (E)-nitenpyram Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)/C=C(\NC)N(CC)CC1=CC=C(Cl)N=C1 CFRPSFYHXJZSBI-DHZHZOJOSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- HOKKPVIRMVDYPB-UVTDQMKNSA-N (Z)-thiacloprid Chemical compound C1=NC(Cl)=CC=C1CN1C(=N/C#N)/SCC1 HOKKPVIRMVDYPB-UVTDQMKNSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- ZOCSXAVNDGMNBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-amino-1-[2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-4-[(trifluoromethyl)sulfinyl]-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile Chemical compound NC1=C(S(=O)C(F)(F)F)C(C#N)=NN1C1=C(Cl)C=C(C(F)(F)F)C=C1Cl ZOCSXAVNDGMNBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
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- 229960005286 carbaryl Drugs 0.000 claims description 6
- CVXBEEMKQHEXEN-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbaryl Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(OC(=O)NC)=CC=CC2=C1 CVXBEEMKQHEXEN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- IRUJZVNXZWPBMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N cartap Chemical compound NC(=O)SCC(N(C)C)CSC(N)=O IRUJZVNXZWPBMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- CWFOCCVIPCEQCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorfenapyr Chemical compound BrC1=C(C(F)(F)F)N(COCC)C(C=2C=CC(Cl)=CC=2)=C1C#N CWFOCCVIPCEQCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- DFBKLUNHFCTMDC-PICURKEMSA-N dieldrin Chemical compound C([C@H]1[C@H]2[C@@]3(Cl)C(Cl)=C([C@]([C@H]22)(Cl)C3(Cl)Cl)Cl)[C@H]2[C@@H]2[C@H]1O2 DFBKLUNHFCTMDC-PICURKEMSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229950006824 dieldrin Drugs 0.000 claims description 6
- NGPMUTDCEIKKFM-UHFFFAOYSA-N dieldrin Natural products CC1=C(Cl)C2(Cl)C3C4CC(C5OC45)C3C1(Cl)C2(Cl)Cl NGPMUTDCEIKKFM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229940013764 fipronil Drugs 0.000 claims description 6
- RLQJEEJISHYWON-UHFFFAOYSA-N flonicamid Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C1=CC=NC=C1C(=O)NCC#N RLQJEEJISHYWON-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- ZGNITFSDLCMLGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N flubendiamide Chemical compound CC1=CC(C(F)(C(F)(F)F)C(F)(F)F)=CC=C1NC(=O)C1=CC=CC(I)=C1C(=O)NC(C)(C)CS(C)(=O)=O ZGNITFSDLCMLGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- QCAWEPFNJXQPAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N methoxyfenozide Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C(=O)NN(C(=O)C=2C=C(C)C=C(C)C=2)C(C)(C)C)=C1C QCAWEPFNJXQPAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
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- CXBMCYHAMVGWJQ-CABCVRRESA-N (1,3-dioxo-4,5,6,7-tetrahydroisoindol-2-yl)methyl (1r,3r)-2,2-dimethyl-3-(2-methylprop-1-enyl)cyclopropane-1-carboxylate Chemical compound CC1(C)[C@H](C=C(C)C)[C@H]1C(=O)OCN1C(=O)C(CCCC2)=C2C1=O CXBMCYHAMVGWJQ-CABCVRRESA-N 0.000 claims description 5
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- LCCNCVORNKJIRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N parathion Chemical compound CCOP(=S)(OCC)OC1=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1 LCCNCVORNKJIRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
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- WOSNCVAPUOFXEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N thifluzamide Chemical compound S1C(C)=NC(C(F)(F)F)=C1C(=O)NC1=C(Br)C=C(OC(F)(F)F)C=C1Br WOSNCVAPUOFXEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- QGHREAKMXXNCOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiophanate-methyl Chemical compound COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC QGHREAKMXXNCOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MBNMHBAJUNHZRE-UHFFFAOYSA-M thiosultap monosodium Chemical compound [Na+].OS(=O)(=O)SCC(N(C)C)CSS([O-])(=O)=O MBNMHBAJUNHZRE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229960001196 thiotepa Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000009974 thixotropic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- VJQYLJSMBWXGDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N tiadinil Chemical compound N1=NSC(C(=O)NC=2C=C(Cl)C(C)=CC=2)=C1C VJQYLJSMBWXGDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010215 titanium dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- OBZIQQJJIKNWNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tolclofos-methyl Chemical compound COP(=S)(OC)OC1=C(Cl)C=C(C)C=C1Cl OBZIQQJJIKNWNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003614 tolerogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene-4-sulfonic acid Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C=C1 JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011200 topical administration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012049 topical pharmaceutical composition Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005945 translocation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960002622 triacetin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000003626 triacylglycerols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- BAZVSMNPJJMILC-UHFFFAOYSA-N triadimenol Chemical compound C1=NC=NN1C(C(O)C(C)(C)C)OC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 BAZVSMNPJJMILC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AMFGTOFWMRQMEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N triazophos Chemical compound N1=C(OP(=S)(OCC)OCC)N=CN1C1=CC=CC=C1 AMFGTOFWMRQMEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DQJCHOQLCLEDLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tricyclazole Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC2=C1N1C=NN=C1S2 DQJCHOQLCLEDLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZDRNMODJXFOYMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N tridecyl acetate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCOC(C)=O ZDRNMODJXFOYMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCOCCO ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HSMVPDGQOIQYSR-KGENOOAVSA-N triflumizole Chemical compound C1=CN=CN1C(/COCCC)=N/C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1C(F)(F)F HSMVPDGQOIQYSR-KGENOOAVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZSDSQXJSNMTJDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N trifluralin Chemical compound CCCN(CCC)C1=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C(C(F)(F)F)C=C1[N+]([O-])=O ZSDSQXJSNMTJDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 235000021122 unsaturated fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940005605 valeric acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
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- 229940102566 valproate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 210000003462 vein Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D249/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having three nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- C07D249/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having three nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms not condensed with other rings
- C07D249/08—1,2,4-Triazoles; Hydrogenated 1,2,4-triazoles
- C07D249/10—1,2,4-Triazoles; Hydrogenated 1,2,4-triazoles with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D249/12—Oxygen or sulfur atoms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/64—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with three nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/647—Triazoles; Hydrogenated triazoles
- A01N43/653—1,2,4-Triazoles; Hydrogenated 1,2,4-triazoles
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/72—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with nitrogen atoms and oxygen or sulfur atoms as ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/74—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with nitrogen atoms and oxygen or sulfur atoms as ring hetero atoms five-membered rings with one nitrogen atom and either one oxygen atom or one sulfur atom in positions 1,3
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01P—BIOCIDAL, PEST REPELLANT, PEST ATTRACTANT OR PLANT GROWTH REGULATORY ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR PREPARATIONS
- A01P5/00—Nematocides
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01P—BIOCIDAL, PEST REPELLANT, PEST ATTRACTANT OR PLANT GROWTH REGULATORY ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR PREPARATIONS
- A01P7/00—Arthropodicides
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01P—BIOCIDAL, PEST REPELLANT, PEST ATTRACTANT OR PLANT GROWTH REGULATORY ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR PREPARATIONS
- A01P7/00—Arthropodicides
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01P—BIOCIDAL, PEST REPELLANT, PEST ATTRACTANT OR PLANT GROWTH REGULATORY ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR PREPARATIONS
- A01P7/00—Arthropodicides
- A01P7/04—Insecticides
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01P—BIOCIDAL, PEST REPELLANT, PEST ATTRACTANT OR PLANT GROWTH REGULATORY ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR PREPARATIONS
- A01P9/00—Molluscicides
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
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- C07D401/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings
- C07D401/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings linked by a chain containing hetero atoms as chain links
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Abstract
披露了式1或式1’的化合物(包括所有几何异构体和立体异构体)、其A‑氧化物和盐,其中R1、R2、R3a、R3b、R3c、R3d、R4、Z和A分别是如本披露中所定义的。还披露了含有这些式1或式1’的化合物的组合物,以及用于防治无脊椎有害生物的方法,这些方法包括使该无脊椎有害生物或其环境与生物学有效量的本披露的化合物或组合物接触。
Description
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求于2020年7月29日提交的美国临时申请号63/058,096的权益。
技术领域
本披露涉及适用于农学和非农学用途的某些三唑酮化合物、其N-氧化物、盐和组合物,以及它们用于在农学和非农学环境中防治无脊椎有害生物诸如线虫的方法。
背景技术
防治无脊椎有害生物在实现高作物效率中是极其重要的。无脊椎有害生物对生长中和储存的农作物的损害可导致生产力显著降低,并由此导致消费者的成本增加。在林业、温室作物、观赏植物、苗圃作物、储存食品和纤维产品、牲畜、家庭、草皮、木材产品以及公共健康和动物健康中的无脊椎有害生物的防治也是重要的。为了这些目的,许多产品是可商购的,但持续需要更有效、较低成本、较低毒性、对环境更安全或具有不同的作用位点的新型化合物。
发明内容
本披露涉及式1的化合物(包括所有几何异构体和立体异构体)、其N-氧化物和盐,以及含有它们的组合物,以及它们用于防治无脊椎有害生物的用途:
其中
A是苯基、吡啶基或吡嗪基,各自被1-3个R5取代,前提是至少一个R5在邻位;
R1是C1-C6烷基、C3-C6烯基、C3-C6炔基、C3-C8环烷基或C1-C6烷氧基,每个R1任选地被卤素、C1-C4烷基、C1-C4卤代烷基、C3-C6环烷基、氰基、硝基、C1-C4烷氧基、C1-C4卤代烷氧基、C1-C4烷硫基、C1-C4卤代烷硫基、C1-C4烷基亚磺酰基、C1-C4卤代烷基亚磺酰基、C1-C4烷基磺酰基或C1-C4卤代烷基磺酰基取代;
R2是C1-C3卤代烷基或卤素;
Z是O或S
R3a和R3b各自独立地是H、C1-C2烷基、C1-C2卤代烷基,或者R3a和R3b一起形成3元至5元碳环;
R3c和R3d各自独立地是H、C1-C2烷基、C1-C2卤代烷基,或者R3c和R3d一起形成3元至5元碳环;
R4是H、C1-C4烷基、C2-C4烷基羰基或C1-C4烷氧基羰基;
R5是卤素、C1-C4烷基、C1-C4卤代烷基、氰基、硝基、C1-C4烷氧基、C1-C4卤代烷氧基、C1-C4烷硫基、C1-C4卤代烷硫基、C1-C4烷基亚磺酰基、C1-C4卤代烷基亚磺酰基、C1-C4烷基磺酰基或C1-C4卤代烷基磺酰基;
前提是当R1是Me、R2不是CF3时。
本披露还涉及包含式1’的化合物(包括所有几何异构体和立体异构体)、其N-氧化物和盐的组合物,以及它们用于防治无脊椎有害生物的用途:
其中
A是苯基、吡啶基或吡嗪基,各自被1-3个R5取代,前提是至少一个R5在邻位;
R1是C1-C6烷基、C3-C6烯基、C3-C6炔基、C3-C8环烷基或C1-C6烷氧基,每个R1任选地被卤素、C1-C4烷基、C1-C4卤代烷基、C3-C6环烷基、氰基、硝基、C1-C4烷氧基、C1-C4卤代烷氧基、C1-C4烷硫基、C1-C4卤代烷硫基、C1-C4烷基亚磺酰基、C1-C4卤代烷基亚磺酰基、C1-C4烷基磺酰基或C1-C4卤代烷基磺酰基取代;
R2是C1-C3卤代烷基或卤素;
Z是O或S
R3a和R3b各自独立地是H、C1-C2烷基、C1-C2卤代烷基,或者R3a和R3b一起形成3元至5元碳环;
R3c和R3d各自独立地是H、C1-C2烷基、C1-C2卤代烷基,或者R3c和R3d一起形成3元至5元碳环;
R4是H、C1-C4烷基、C2-C4烷基羰基或C1-C4烷氧基羰基;
每个R5独立地是卤素、C1-C4烷基、C1-C4卤代烷基、氰基、硝基、C1-C4烷氧基、C1-C4卤代烷氧基、C1-C4烷硫基、C1-C4卤代烷硫基、C1-C4烷基亚磺酰基、C1-C4卤代烷基亚磺酰基、C1-C4烷基磺酰基或C1-C4卤代烷基磺酰基。
本披露还提供了一种组合物,该组合物包含式1或式1’的化合物、其N-氧化物或盐以及至少一种选自由表面活性剂、固体稀释剂和液体稀释剂组成的组的附加组分。在一个实施例中,本披露还提供了一种用于防治无脊椎有害生物的组合物,该组合物包含式1或式1’的化合物、其N-氧化物或盐以及至少一种选自由表面活性剂、固体稀释剂和液体稀释剂组成的组的附加组分,所述组合物任选地进一步包含至少一种附加生物学活性化合物或试剂。
本披露还提供了一种用于防治无脊椎有害生物的方法,该方法包括使无脊椎有害生物或其环境与生物学有效量的式1的化合物或式1’的化合物、其N-氧化物或盐(例如,作为本文所述的组合物)接触。本披露还涉及这样的方法,其中无脊椎有害生物或其环境与包含生物学有效量的式1或式1’的化合物、其N-氧化物或盐以及至少一种选自由表面活性剂、固体稀释剂和液体稀释剂组成的组的附加组分的组合物接触,所述组合物任选地进一步包含生物学有效量的至少一种附加生物学活性化合物或试剂。
本披露还提供了一种用于防治无脊椎有害生物的方法,该方法包括使无脊椎有害生物或其环境与生物学有效量的上述组合物中的任一种接触,其中该环境是植株。
本披露还提供了一种用于防治无脊椎有害生物的方法,该方法包括使无脊椎有害生物或其环境与生物学有效量的上述组合物中的任一种接触,其中该环境是动物。
本披露还提供了一种用于防治无脊椎有害生物的方法,该方法包括使无脊椎有害生物或其环境与生物学有效量的上述组合物中的任一种接触,其中该环境是种子。
本披露还提供了一种用于保护种子免受无脊椎有害生物侵害的方法,该方法包括使种子与生物学有效量的式1的化合物或式1’的化合物、其N-氧化物或盐(例如,作为本文所述的组合物)接触。本披露还涉及经处理的种子(即与式1的化合物或式1’的化合物接触的种子)。
本披露还提供了一种用于增加作物植株的活力(vigor)的方法,该方法包括使作物植株、生长出作物植株的种子或作物植株的所在地(例如,生长介质)与生物学有效量的式1的化合物或式1’的化合物(例如,作为本文所述的组合物)接触。
本披露进一步提供了一种用于保护动物免受无脊椎寄生性有害生物侵害的方法,该方法包括向动物施用杀寄生虫有效量的式1的化合物或式1’的化合物、其N-氧化物或盐(例如,作为本文所述的组合物)。本披露还提供了式1的化合物或式1’的化合物、其N-氧化物或盐(例如,作为本文所述的组合物)在保护动物免受无脊椎有害生物侵害中的用途。
具体实施方式
如本文所使用的,术语“包含(comprises)”、“包含(comprising)”、“包括(includes)”、“包括(including)”、“具有(has)”、“具有(having)”、“含有(contains)”、“含有(containing)”、“特征为(characterized by)”或其任何其他变体,旨在涵盖非排他性包括,受到明确指出的任何限制。例如,包含一系列要素的组合物、混合物、工艺或方法不一定仅限于那些要素,而是可以包括未明确列出的其他要素或此类组合物、混合物、工艺或方法固有的其他要素。
连接短语“由……组成”排除任何未指出的要素、步骤或成分。如果在权利要求中,则此短语将使权利要求为封闭式,不包括除所述那些外的材料,但与其通常相关的杂质除外。当短语“由……组成”出现在权利要求主体的子句中而非紧接前序部分时,该短语仅仅限制该子句中阐述的要素;整体上,该权利要求并不排除其他要素。
连接短语“基本上由…组成”用于限定除了字面披露的那些以外还包括材料、步骤、特征、组分、或元素的组合物或方法,前提是这些附加的材料、步骤、特征、组分、或元素不会实质影响请求保护的披露的基本和新颖特征。术语“基本上由……组成”居于“包含”和“由……组成”中间。
当申请人已经用开放式术语如“包含(comprising)”定义了实施例或其一部分时,则应易于理解(除非另外说明),说明书应被解释为还使用术语“基本上由……组成”或“由……组成”描述该实施例。
此外,除非明确相反地指出,否则“或”是指包含性的或而非排他性的或。例如,条件A或B由以下中任一个满足:A为真(或存在)且B为假(或不存在)、A为假(或不存在)且B为真(或存在)以及A和B皆为真(或存在)。
同样,在本披露的元素或组分前的不定冠词“一个/一种(a/an)”关于元素或组分的例子(即,出现)的数量旨在是非限制性的。因此,“一个/一种(a或an)”应被理解为包括一个/一种或至少一个/一种,并且要素或组分的单数单词形式也包括复数,除非数字显然意指单数。
如在本披露中所提及,术语“无脊椎有害生物”包括作为有害生物具有经济重要性的节肢动物、腹足动物、线虫和蠕虫。术语“节肢动物”包括昆虫、螨虫、蜘蛛、蝎子、蜈蚣、千足虫、鼠妇(pill bug)和综合虫(symphylan)。术语“腹足动物”包括蜗牛、蛞蝓和其他柄眼目(Stylommatophora)。术语“线虫”包括线虫动物门(Nematoda)成员,诸如植食性线虫和寄生于动物的蠕虫线虫。术语“蠕虫”包括所有寄生虫,诸如蛔虫(线虫动物门)、心丝虫(线虫动物门,胞管肾纲(Secernentea))、吸虫(fluke)(扁形动物门(Platyhelminthes),吸虫纲(Tematoda))、棘头虫(棘头动物门(Acanthocephala))和绦虫(扁形动物门,绦虫纲(Cestoda))。
在本披露的上下文中,“无脊椎有害生物防治”意指抑制无脊椎有害生物的发育(包括死亡、摄食减少和/或交配干扰),并且相关的表述类似地定义。
术语“农学”是指诸如用于食品和纤维的大田作物的生产,并且包括玉蜀黍(maize)或玉米、大豆和其他豆类、稻、谷物(例如,小麦、燕麦、大麦、黑麦和稻)、叶类蔬菜(例如,生菜、卷心菜和其他油菜作物)、果实类蔬菜(例如,西红柿、胡椒、茄子、十字花科植物和瓜类作物(cucurbit))、土豆、其他块茎类蔬菜、洋葱、大蒜、甘薯、葡萄、棉花、树果(例如,仁果类(pome)、核果类(stone)和柑橘类)、小果(例如,浆果和樱桃)和其他特种作物(specialty crop)(例如,低芥酸菜籽(canola)、向日葵和橄榄)的生长。
术语“非农学”是指不同于大田作物,诸如园艺作物(例如,温室、苗圃或不在大田生长的观赏植物)、住宅、农业、商业和工业结构、草皮(例如,草场(sod farm)、牧场、高尔夫球场、草坪、运动场等)、木材产品、储存产品、农林业和植被管理、公共健康(即人类)和动物健康(例如,家养动物诸如宠物、家畜和家禽,非家养动物诸如野生动物)应用。
术语“作物活力”是指作物植株的生长速率或生物量积累。“活力的增加”是指作物植株相对于未经处理的对照作物植株在生长或生物量积累上的增加。术语“作物产量”是指收获作物植株后获得的作物材料在数量和质量上的回报。“作物产量的增加”是指相对于未经处理的对照作物植株的作物产量增加。
术语“生物学有效量”是指当施加于(即接触)待防治的无脊椎有害生物或其环境,或植株、生长出该植株的种子或该植株的所在地(例如,生长介质)以保护植株免受无脊椎有害生物的伤害或为了其他期望的效果(例如,增加植株活力)时,足以产生所期望的生物效应的生物学活性化合物(例如,式1的化合物或式1’的化合物)的量。
非农学应用包括通过向待保护动物施用杀寄生虫有效(即生物学有效)量的本披露化合物(典型地呈被配制用于兽医用途的组合物的形式)来保护动物免受无脊椎寄生性有害生物的侵害。如在本披露和权利要求中所提及,术语“杀寄生虫的”和“杀寄生虫地”是指对无脊椎寄生性有害生物的可观察影响,以保护动物免受有害生物的侵害。杀寄生虫效果典型地与减少目标无脊椎寄生性有害生物的出现或活动有关。此类对有害生物的影响包括坏死、死亡、生长迟缓、移动性降低或留在宿主动物身上或体内的能力降低、取食减少和生殖抑制。这些对无脊椎寄生性有害生物的影响防治(包括预防、减少或消除)动物的寄生虫侵害或感染。
在以上详述中,术语“烷基”,单独使用或在复合词诸如“烷硫基”或“卤代烷基”中使用,包括直链或支链烷基,诸如甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、或不同的丁基、戊基、或己基异构体。“烯基”包括直链或支链的烯烃,如乙烯基、1-丙烯基、2-丙烯基和不同的丁烯基、戊烯基和己烯基异构体。“烯基”还包括多烯,如1,2-丙二烯基和2,4-己二烯基。“炔基”包括直链或支链的炔烃,如乙炔基、1-丙炔基、2-丙炔基和不同的丁炔基、戊炔基和己炔基异构体。“炔基”还可包括由多个三键构成的部分,诸如2,5-己二炔基。“亚烷基”表示直链或支链的烷二基(alkanediyl)。“亚烷基”的实例包括CH2、CH2CH2、CH(CH3)、CH2CH2CH2、CH2CH(CH3)和不同的丁烯异构体。“亚烯基”表示含有一个烯键的直链或支链的烯二基(alkenediyl)。“亚烯基”的实例包括CH=CH、CH2CH=CH、CH=C(CH3)和不同的亚丁烯基(butenylene)异构体。“亚炔基”表示含有一个三键的直链或支链的炔二基(alkynediyl)。“亚炔基”的实例包括C≡、CH2C≡、C≡CCH2和不同的亚丁炔基异构体。
“烷基氨基”包括被直链或支链烷基取代的NH基团。“烷基氨基”的实例包括CH3CH2NH、CH3CH2CH2NH和(CH3)2CHNH。“二烷基氨基”的实例包括(CH3)2N、(CH3CH2)2N和CH3CH2(CH3)N。“烯基胺”包括被直链或支链烯烃取代的NH基团。“烯基胺”的实例包括CH2=CHNH、CH3CH=C(CH3)CH2NH、(CH3)2CHCH=CHNH和不同的丁烯基胺、戊烯基胺和己烯基胺异构体。“炔基胺”包括被直链或支链炔烃取代的NH基团。“炔基胺”的实例包括HC≡CNH、CH3C≡CCH2NH、(CH3)2CHC≡CNH和不同的丁炔基胺、戊炔基胺和己炔基胺异构体。
“烷氧基”包括例如甲氧基、乙氧基、正丙氧基、异丙氧基和不同的丁氧基、戊氧基和己氧基异构体。“烷氧基烷基”表示烷基上的烷氧基取代。“烷氧基烷基”的实例包括CH3OCH2、CH3OCH2CH2、CH3CH2OCH2、CH3CH2CH2OCH2和CH3CH2OCH2CH2。
“烷硫基”包括支链或直链的烷硫基部分,如甲硫基、乙硫基和不同的丙硫基、丁硫基、戊硫基和己硫基异构体。“烷基亚磺酰基”包括烷基亚磺酰基的两种对映异构体。“烷基亚磺酰基”的实例包括CH3S(O)-、CH3CH2S(O)-、CH3CH2CH2S(O)-、(CH3)2CHS(O)-以及不同的丁基亚磺酰基、戊基亚磺酰基和己基亚磺酰基异构体。“烷基磺酰基”的实例包括CH3S(O)2-、CH3CH2S(O)2-、CH3CH2CH2S(O)2-、(CH3)2CHS(O)2-以及不同的丁基磺酰基、戊基磺酰基和己基磺酰基异构体。“烷硫基烷基”表示烷基上的烷硫基取代。“烷硫基烷基”的实例包括CH3SCH2、CH3SCH2CH2、CH3CH2SCH2、CH3CH2CH2CH2SCH2和CH3CH2SCH2CH2。
“烷基羰基”表示键合到C(=O)部分上的直链或支链的烷基部分。“烷基羰基”的实例包括CH3C(=O)-、CH3CH2CH2C(=O)-和(CH3)2CHC(=O)-。“烷氧基羰基”的实例包括CH3OC(=O)-、CH3CH2OC(=O)-、CH3CH2CH2OC(=O)-、(CH3)2CHOC(=O)以及不同的丁氧基羰基、戊氧基羰基和己氧基羰基异构体。
术语“烷基氨基羰基”表示附接至C(=O)基团并通过C(=O)基团连接的直链或支链烷基氨基。“烷基氨基羰基”的实例包括CH3NHC(=O)、CH3CH2NHC(=O)、CH3CH2CH2NHC(=O)和(CH3)2CHNHC(=O)。“二烷基氨基羰基”的实例包括(CH3)2NC(=O)、(CH3CH2)2NC(=O)、CH3CH2(CH3)NC(=O)和(CH3)2CH(CH3)NC(=O)。术语“烯基氨基羰基”表示附接至C(=O)基团并通过C(=O)基团连接的直链或支链烯基氨基。“烯基氨基羰基”的实例包括CH2=CHNHC(=O)、CH3CH=C(CH3)CH2NHC(=O)和(CH3)2CHCH=CHNHC(=O)。术语“炔基氨基羰基”表示附接至C(=O)基团并通过C(=O)基团连接的直链或支链炔基氨基。“炔基氨基羰基”的实例包括HC≡CNHC(=O)、CH3CH≡CCH2NHC(=O)和(CH3)2CHC≡CNHC(=O)。
“环烷基”包括例如环丙基、环丁基、环戊基和环己基。术语“烷基环烷基”表示环烷基部分上的烷基取代,并且包括例如乙基环丙基、异丙基环丁基、3-甲基环戊基和4-甲基环己基。术语“环烷基烷基”表示烷基部分上的环烷基取代。“环烷基烷基”的实例包括环丙基甲基、环戊基乙基、环己基甲基以及其他键合至直链或支链烷基的环烷基部分。术语“环烷氧基”表示通过氧原子连接的环烷基,诸如环戊氧基和环己氧基。“环烷基氨基”表示被环烷基取代的NH基团。“环烷基氨基”的实例包括环丙基氨基和环己基氨基。“环烷基氨基羰基”表示键合至C(=O)基团的环烷基氨基,例如,环戊基氨基羰基和环己基氨基羰基。
术语“卤素”,单独地或在复合词如“卤代烷基”中,或者当在描述如“被卤素取代的烷基”中使用时,包括氟、氯、溴或碘。此外,当在复合词如“卤代烷基”中使用时,或者当在描述如“被卤素取代的烷基”中使用时,所述烷基可以是被卤素原子(其可以是相同的或不同的)部分地或完全地取代的。“卤代烷基”或“被卤素取代的烷基”的实例包括F3C-、ClCH2-、CF3CH2-和CF3CCl2-。术语“卤代环烷基”、“卤代烷氧基”、“卤代烷硫基”、“卤代烷基羰基”、“卤代烷氧基羰基”、“卤代烷基氨基羰基”、“卤代二烷基氨基羰基”等类似于术语“卤代烷基”进行定义。“卤代烷氧基”的实例包括CF3O-、CCl3CH2O-、HCF2CH2CH2O-和CF3CH2O-。“卤代烷硫基”的实例包括CCl3S-、CF3S-、CCl3CH2S-和ClCH2CH2CH2S-。“卤代烷基亚磺酰基”的实例包括CF3S(O)-、CCl3S(O)-、CF3CH2S(O)-和CF3CF2S(O)-。“卤代烷基磺酰基”的实例包括CF3S(O)2-、CCl3S(O)2-、CF3CH2S(O)2-和CF3CF2S(O)2-。
如本文所用的化学缩写S(O)和S(=O)表示亚磺酰基部分。如本文所用的化学缩写SO2、S(O)2和S(=O)2表示磺酰基部分。如本文所用的化学缩写C(O)和C(=O)表示羰基部分。如本文所用的化学缩写C(S)和C(=S)表示硫代羰基部分。如本文所用的化学缩写CO2、C(O)O和C(=O)O表示氧基羰基部分。“CHO”意指甲酰基。
在取代基中的碳原子的总数用“Ci-Cj”前缀表示,其中i和j是从1至9的数。例如,C1-C4烷基磺酰基表示甲基磺酰基至丁基磺酰基;C2烷氧基烷基表示CH3OCH2-;C3烷氧基烷基表示例如CH3CH(OCH3)-、CH3OCH2CH2-或CH3CH2OCH2-;并且C4烷氧基烷基表示被含有总共四个碳原子的烷氧基取代的烷基的各种异构体,实例包括CH3CH2CH2OCH2-和CH3CH2OCH2CH2-。
当化合物被带有下标(其指示所述取代基的数目可以超过1)的取代基取代时,所述取代基(当它们超过1时)独立地选自所定义的取代基的组,例如(R3)m,其中m是0、1或2。当基团含有可以为氢的取代基,例如R2或R12时,则当该取代基为氢时,公认这等同于所述基团是未取代的。当显示出可变基团任选地附接到一个位置,例如(R3)m其中m可以是0时,则氢可以位于该位置,即使在可变基团定义中没有提及。当基团上的一个或多个位置被称为是“没有被取代的”或“未被取代的”时,则附接氢原子以占据任何自由价。
除非另外指明,否则作为式1或式1’的组分的“环”或“环体系”是碳环或杂环。术语“环体系”表示两个或更多个稠环。术语“二环体系”和“稠合的二环体系”表示由两个稠环组成的环体系,该环体系可以是“邻位稠合的”、“桥接二环的”或“螺二环的”。“邻位稠合的二环体系”表示这样的环体系,其中两个组成环具有两个共同的邻近原子。“桥接的二环体系”是通过将一个或多个原子的链段与环的非邻近环成员键合而形成的。“螺二环体系”通过将两个或更多个原子的链段键合至环的相同环成员而形成。术语“稠合杂二环体系”表示其中至少一个环原子不是碳的稠合二环体系。术语“环成员”是指形成环或环体系的骨架的原子或其他部分(例如,C(=O)、C(=S)、S(O)或S(O)2)。
术语“碳环(carbocyclic ring)”、“碳环(carbocycle)”或“碳环体系”表示其中形成环骨架的原子仅选自碳的环或环体系。术语“杂环(heterocyclicring)”、“杂环(heterocycle)”或“杂环体系”表示其中至少一个形成环骨架的原子不是碳(例如,氮、氧或硫)的环或环体系。典型地,杂环含有不超过4个氮、不超过2个氧和不超过2个硫。除非另外指明,否则碳环或杂环可以是饱和或不饱和的环。“饱和的”是指具有由通过单键彼此连接的原子组成的骨架的环;除非另外指明,否则其余的原子价被氢原子占据。除非另外说明,否则“不饱和环”可以是部分不饱和的或完全不饱和的。表述“完全不饱和的环”意指原子的环,其中在该环中的原子之间的键根据价键理论是单键或双键,并且此外该环中的原子之间的键包括尽可能多的双键,但没有累积双键(即没有C=C=C或C=C=N)。术语“部分不饱和的环”表示包含至少一个环成员通过双键键合到邻近环成员的环,并且在概念上可能在相邻环成员之间容纳大于存在的双键(即呈其部分不饱和形式)数量的多个非累积双键(即,呈其完全不饱和的对应形式)。
除非另外指明,否则杂环和环体系可以通过任何可用的碳或氮通过替代在所述碳或氮上的氢来附接。
“芳族的”表示每个环原子基本上在相同的平面上且具有垂直于该环平面的p-轨道,并且其中(4n+2)个π电子(其中n是正整数)与该环相关联以符合休克尔规则(Hückel’srule)。术语“芳族环体系”表示其中环体系中的至少一个环是芳族的碳环或杂环体系。当完全不饱和的碳环满足休克尔规则时,则所述环还被称为“芳族环”或“芳族碳环”。
术语“芳族碳环体系”表示其中环体系中的至少一个环是芳族的碳环体系。当完全不饱和的杂环满足休克尔规则时,则所述环还被称为“杂芳族环”或“芳族杂环”。术语“芳族杂环体系”表示其中环体系中的至少一个环是芳族的杂环体系。术语“非芳族环体系”表示可以是完全饱和的、以及部分或完全不饱和的碳环或杂环体系,前提是环体系中的环都不是芳族的。术语“非芳族碳环体系”表示其中环体系中没有环是芳族的碳环。术语“非芳族杂环体系”表示其中环体系中没有环是芳族的杂环体系。
与杂环有关的术语“任选地取代的”是指这样的基团,其为未被取代的或具有至少一个不消除由未被取代的类似物所拥有的生物活性的非氢取代基。如本文所使用的,除非另外指明,否则将应用下列定义。术语“任选地取代的”与短语“被取代或未被取代的”或与术语“(未)被取代的”可互换使用。除非另外指明,否则任选地取代的基团可在基团的每个可取代的位置处具有取代基,并且每个取代彼此独立。
结构片段中的波浪线或“-”表示片段与分子其余部分的附接点。
本领域中已知多种合成方法能够制备芳族和非芳族的杂环和环体系;对于广泛综述,参见Comprehensive Heterocyclic Chemistry[综合杂环化学],A.R.Katritzky和C.W.主编,Pergamon Press[培格曼出版社],牛津,1984的八卷集合和ComprehensiveHeterocyclic Chemistry II[综合杂环化学II],A.R.Katritzky,C.W.Rees和E.F.V.Scriven主编,Pergamon Press[培格曼出版社],牛津,1996的十二卷集合。
本披露的化合物可作为一种或多种立体异构体存在。立体异构体为构成相同但它们的原子在空间中的排列不同的异构体,并且包括对映异构体、非对映异构体、顺-反异构体(还称为几何异构体)和阻转异构体。阻转异构体起因于围绕单键的旋转受限制,其中旋转势垒足够高以允许同分异构种类的分离。本领域的技术人员将理解,一种立体异构体当相对于一种或多种其他立体异构体富集时,或当与一种或多种其他立体异构体分离时,可能更有活性和/或可能表现出有益的效果。另外,本领域的技术人员知道如何分离、富集和/或选择性地制备所述立体异构体。对于立体异构现象的所有方面的综合讨论,参见ErnestL.Eliel和Samuel H.Wilen,Stereochemistry of Organic Compounds[有机化合物立体化学],John Wiley&Sons[约翰威立父子出版社],1994。
本披露的化合物可以作为立体异构体的混合物或单独的立体异构体存在。
本领域的技术人员将理解,不是所有的含氮杂环都可以形成N-氧化物,因为氮需要可用的孤电子对以氧化成氧化物;本领域的技术人员将认识到可形成N-氧化物的那些含氮杂环。本领域技术人员还将认识到叔胺能够形成N-氧化物。用于制备杂环和叔胺的N-氧化物的合成方法是本领域的技术人员非常熟知的,包括使用过氧酸诸如过氧乙酸和3-氯过氧苯甲酸(MCPBA)、过氧化氢、烷基氢过氧化物诸如叔丁基氢过氧化物、过硼酸钠和二环氧乙烷诸如二甲基二环氧乙烷来氧化杂环和叔胺。用于制备N-氧化物的这些方法已广泛描述和综述于文献中,参见例如:T.L.Gilchrist,Comprehensive Organic Synthesis[综合有机合成],第7卷,第748-750页,S.V.Ley编辑,Pergamon Press[培格曼出版社];M.Tisler和B.Stanovnik,Comprehensive Heterocyclic Chemistry[综合杂环化学],第3卷,第18-20页,A.J.Boulton和A.McKillop编辑,培格曼出版社;M.R.Grimmett和B.R.T.Keene,Advances in Heterocyclic Chemistry[杂环化学进展],第43卷,第149-161页,A.R.Katritzky编辑,Academic Press[学术出版社];M.Tisler和B.Stanovnik,Advancesin Heterocyclic Chemistry[杂环化学进展],第9卷,第285-291页,A.R.Katritzky和A.J.Boulton编辑,学术出版社;和G.W.H.Cheeseman和E.S.G.Werstiuk,Advances inHeterocyclic Chemistry[杂环化学进展],第22卷,第390-392页,A.R.Katritzky和A.J.Boulton编辑,学术出版社。
本领域的技术人员认识到,由于在环境中和在生理条件下化合物的盐与它们相应的非盐形式处于平衡,因此盐共享非盐形式的生物效用。因此,多种式1的化合物或式1’的化合物的盐可用于防治无脊椎有害生物。式1的化合物或式1’的化合物的盐包括与无机酸或有机酸形成的酸加成盐,这些酸诸如氢溴酸、盐酸、硝酸、磷酸、硫酸、乙酸、丁酸、富马酸、乳酸、马来酸、丙二酸、草酸、丙酸、水杨酸、酒石酸、4-甲苯磺酸或戊酸。当式1的化合物或式1’的化合物包含酸性部分诸如羧酸或酚时,盐还包括与有机碱或无机碱形成的那些,这些碱诸如吡啶、三乙胺或氨、或钠、钾、锂、钙、镁或钡的酰胺、氢化物、氢氧化物或碳酸盐。因此,本披露包括选自式1或式1’的化合物、其N-氧化物和合适的盐的化合物。
选自式1或式1’的化合物、其立体异构体、互变异构体、N-氧化物和盐的化合物典型地以多于一种形式存在,并且因此式1或式1’包括式1或式1’的化合物所分别代表的化合物的所有结晶和非结晶形式。非结晶形式包括为固体的实施例诸如蜡和树胶,以及为液体的实施例诸如溶液和熔融物。结晶形式包括代表基本上单晶类型的实施例和代表多晶型物(即不同结晶类型)的混合物的实施例。术语“多晶型物”是指可以以不同晶型结晶的化合物的具体结晶形式,这些形式在晶格中具有不同的分子排列和/或构象。虽然多晶型物可具有相同的化学组成,但是它们也可以在组成上由于共结晶水或其他分子的存在或不存在而不同,该共结晶水或其他分子可弱结合或强结合在晶格内。多晶型物可以在此类化学、物理、和生物特性方面不同,诸如晶体形状、密度、硬度、颜色、化学稳定性、熔点、吸湿性、可悬浮性、溶解速率和生物利用度。本领域的技术人员将理解,相对于由式1表示的相同化合物或式1’的化合物的另一种多晶型物或多晶型物的混合物,由式1表示的化合物或式1’的化合物的多晶型物可以展现出有益效果(例如适合制备有用制剂,改善的生物学性能)。由式1或式1’表示的化合物的具体多晶型物的制备和分离可通过本领域技术人员已知的方法实现,包括例如采用所选溶剂和温度的结晶。本披露的化合物可作为一种或多种结晶多晶型物存在。本披露包含单独多晶型物和多晶型物的混合物二者,包括相对于其他富集多晶型物一种多晶型物的混合物。对于多晶型现象的综合讨论,参见R.Hilfiker编辑,Polymorphismin the Pharmaceutical Industry[制药工业的多晶型现象],Wiley-VCH,Weinheim[魏因海姆],2006。
本披露的如发明内容中所描述的实施例包括以下描述的那些。在以下实施例中,除非在实施例中进一步定义,否则式1或式1’包括其立体异构体、N-氧化物和盐,并且对“式1的化合物”或“式1’的化合物”的提及包括在发明内容中指定的取代基的定义。
实施例1.一种式1的化合物,其中A是
实施例1a.如实施例1所述的式1的化合物,其中A是A-1。
实施例2.如实施例1至1a中任一项所述的式1的化合物,其中R1是C1-C4烷基、C(Cl)F2、C2-C4卤代烷基、C3-C4环烷基、或CH2(C3-C4环烷基)。
实施例2b.如前述实施例中任一项所述的式1的化合物,其中R1是t-Bu、C(Me)2CF3或Me。
实施例2c.如前述实施例中任一项所述的式1的化合物,其中R1是t-Bu或Me。
实施例3.如前述实施例中任一项所述的式1的化合物,其中R2是CF3、CF2CF3、CHF2、或CF2CF2CF3。
实施例3a.如前述实施例中任一项所述的式1的化合物,其中R2是CF3。
实施例4.如前述实施例中任一项所述的式1的化合物,其中R3a、R3b、R3c和R3d是H。
实施例5.如前述实施例中任一项所述的式1的化合物,其中R4是H。
实施例6.如前述实施例中任一项所述的式1的化合物,其中每个R5独立地是CF3、Cl、或Br。
实施例7.如前述实施例中任一项所述的式1的化合物,其中Z是O。
实施例8.一种包含式1’的化合物的组合物,
其中A是
实施例8a.如实施例8所述的包含式1’的化合物的组合物,其中A是A-1。
实施例9.如前述实施例中任一项所述的包含式1’的化合物的组合物,其中R1是C1-C4烷基、C2-C4卤代烷基、C3-C4环烷基、或CH2(C3-C4环烷基)。
实施例9a.如前述实施例中任一项所述的包含式1’的化合物的组合物,其中R1是t-Bu或Me。
实施例9b.如前述实施例中任一项所述的包含式1’的化合物的组合物,其中R1是Me。
实施例10.如前述实施例中任一项所述的包含式1’的化合物的组合物,其中R2是CF3。
实施例11.如前述实施例中任一项所述的包含式1’的化合物的组合物,其中R3a、R3b、R3c和R3d是H。
实施例12.如前述实施例中任一项所述的包含式1’的化合物的组合物,其中R4是H。
实施例13.如前述实施例中任一项所述的包含式1’的化合物的组合物,其中每个R5独立地是CF3、Cl、或Br。
实施例14.如前述实施例中任一项所述的包含式1’的化合物的组合物,其中Z是O。
本披露的实施例(包括上述实施例1-14以及本文所述的任何其他实施例)可以以任何方式组合,并且实施例中的变量的描述不仅涉及式1或式1’的化合物,而且还涉及可用于制备式1或1’的化合物的起始化合物和中间体化合物。另外,本披露的实施例(包括上述实施例1-14以及本文所述的任何其他实施例)及其任何组合涉及本披露的组合物和方法。
实施例1-14的组合如下示出:
实施例A.一种式1的化合物,其中,
A是A1、A2、A3、或A4
R1是C1-C6烷基、或C3-C8环烷基,每个R1任选地被以下项取代:卤素、C1-C4烷基、C1-C4卤代烷基、氰基、硝基、C1-C4烷氧基、C1-C4卤代烷氧基、C3-C6环烷基、C1-C4烷硫基、C1-C4卤代烷硫基、C1-C4烷基亚磺酰基、C1-C4卤代烷基亚磺酰基、C1-C4烷基磺酰基、或C1-C4卤代烷基磺酰基;
R2是C1-C3卤代烷基或卤素;
Z是O或S
R3a和R3b各自独立地是H、C1-C2烷基、C1-C2卤代烷基,或者R3a和R3b一起形成3元至5元碳环;
R3c和R3d各自独立地是H、C1-C2烷基、C1-C2卤代烷基,或者R3c和R3d一起形成3元至5元碳环;
R4是H、C1-C4烷基、C2-C4烷基羰基或C1-C4烷氧基羰基;并且
R5是卤素、C1-C4烷基、C1-C4卤代烷基、氰基、硝基、C1-C4烷氧基、C1-C4卤代烷氧基、C1-C4烷硫基、C1-C4卤代烷硫基、C1-C4烷基亚磺酰基、C1-C4卤代烷基亚磺酰基、C1-C4烷基磺酰基、或C1-C4卤代烷基磺酰基;
实施例B.如实施例A所述的式1的化合物,其中
A是A1或A2;
R1是C1-C6烷基、或C3-C8环烷基,每个R1任选地被以下项取代:卤素、C1-C4烷基、C1-C4卤代烷基、C3-C6环烷基、氰基、硝基、C1-C4烷氧基、C1-C4卤代烷氧基、C1-C4烷硫基、C1-C4卤代烷硫基、C1-C4烷基亚磺酰基、C1-C4卤代烷基亚磺酰基、C1-C4烷基磺酰基或C1-C4卤代烷基磺酰基;
R2是C1-C3卤代烷基或卤素;
Z是O或S
R3a和R3b各自独立地是H、C1-C2烷基、C1-C2卤代烷基,或者R3a和R3b一起形成3元至5元碳环;
R3c和R3d各自独立地是H、C1-C2烷基、C1-C2卤代烷基,或者R3c和R3d一起形成3元至5元碳环;
R4是H、C1-C4烷基、C2-C4烷基羰基或C1-C4烷氧基羰基;并且
R5是卤素、C1-C4烷基、C1-C4卤代烷基、氰基、硝基、C1-C4烷氧基、C1-C4卤代烷氧基、C1-C4烷硫基、C1-C4卤代烷硫基、C1-C4烷基亚磺酰基、C1-C4卤代烷基亚磺酰基、C1-C4烷基磺酰基或C1-C4卤代烷基磺酰基;
实施例C.如实施例A或B所述的化合物,其中
R1是C1-C4烷基、C2-C4卤代烷基、C3-C4环烷基、或CH2(C3-C4环烷基);并且
Z是O。
实施例D.如实施例C所述的化合物,其中
R2是C1-C3卤代烷基。
实施例E.如实施例D所述的化合物,其中
R3a、R3b、R3c和R3d是H;
R4是H。
实施例F.如实施例E所述的化合物,其中每个
R5独立地是CF3、Cl、或Br。
实施例G.如实施例F所述的化合物,其中
R1是t-Bu;并且
R2是CF3。
实施例H.一种式1的化合物,其中
A是A-1;
R1是C1-C4烷基、C2-C4卤代烷基、C3-C4环烷基、或CH2(C3-C4环烷基)。
R2是C1-C3卤代烷基或卤素;
R3a和R3b各自独立地是H、C1-C2烷基、C1-C2卤代烷基;
R3c和R3d各自独立地是H、C1-C2烷基、C1-C2卤代烷基;
R4是H、C1-C4烷基、C2-C4烷基羰基或C1-C4烷氧基羰基;
R5是卤素、C1-C4烷基、C1-C4卤代烷基、氰基、硝基、C1-C4烷氧基、C1-C4卤代烷氧基、C1-C4烷硫基、C1-C4卤代烷硫基、C1-C4烷基亚磺酰基、C1-C4卤代烷基亚磺酰基、C1-C4烷基磺酰基或C1-C4卤代烷基磺酰基;并且
Z是O。
实施例I.一种式1的化合物,其中
A是A-1;
R1是t-Bu。
R2是C1-C3卤代烷基或卤素;
R3a和R3b各自独立地是H、C1-C2烷基、C1-C2卤代烷基;
R3c和R3d各自独立地是H、C1-C2烷基、C1-C2卤代烷基;
R4是H、C1-C4烷基、C2-C4烷基羰基或C1-C4烷氧基羰基;
R5是卤素、C1-C4烷基、C1-C4卤代烷基、氰基、硝基、C1-C4烷氧基、C1-C4卤代烷氧基、C1-C4烷硫基、C1-C4卤代烷硫基、C1-C4烷基亚磺酰基、C1-C4卤代烷基亚磺酰基、C1-C4烷基磺酰基、或C1-C4卤代烷基磺酰基;并且Z是O。
实施例J.一种式1的化合物,其中
A是A-1;
R1是t-Bu;
R2是CF3;
R3a和R3b各自独立地是H、C1-C2烷基、C1-C2卤代烷基;
R3c和R3d各自独立地是H、C1-C2烷基、C1-C2卤代烷基;
R4是H、C1-C4烷基、C2-C4烷基羰基或C1-C4烷氧基羰基;
R5是卤素、C1-C4烷基、C1-C4卤代烷基、氰基、硝基、C1-C4烷氧基、C1-C4卤代烷氧基、C1-C4烷硫基、C1-C4卤代烷硫基、C1-C4烷基亚磺酰基、C1-C4卤代烷基亚磺酰基、C1-C4烷基磺酰基或C1-C4卤代烷基磺酰基;并且Z是O。
实施例K.一种式1的化合物,其中
A是A-1;
R1是t-Bu。
R2是CF3;
R3a、R3b是H;
R3c和R3d各自独立地是H、C1-C2烷基、C1-C2卤代烷基;
R4是H、C1-C4烷基、C2-C4烷基羰基或C1-C4烷氧基羰基;
R5是卤素、C1-C4烷基、C1-C4卤代烷基、氰基、硝基、C1-C4烷氧基、C1-C4卤代烷氧基、C1-C4烷硫基、C1-C4卤代烷硫基、C1-C4烷基亚磺酰基、C1-C4卤代烷基亚磺酰基、C1-C4烷基磺酰基、或C1-C4卤代烷基磺酰基;并且
Z是O。
实施例L.一种式1的化合物,其中
A是A-1;
R1是t-Bu;
R2是CF3;
R3a、R3b是H;
R3c和R3d是H;
R4是H、C1-C4烷基、C2-C4烷基羰基或C1-C4烷氧基羰基;
R5是卤素、C1-C4烷基、C1-C4卤代烷基、氰基、硝基、C1-C4烷氧基、C1-C4卤代烷氧基、C1-C4烷硫基、C1-C4卤代烷硫基、C1-C4烷基亚磺酰基、C1-C4卤代烷基亚磺酰基、C1-C4烷基磺酰基、或C1-C4卤代烷基磺酰基;并且
Z是O。
实施例M.一种式1的化合物,其中
A是A-1;
R1是t-Bu;
R2是CF3;
R3a、R3b是H;
R3c和R3d是H;
R4是H;
R5是卤素、C1-C4烷基、C1-C4卤代烷基、氰基、硝基、C1-C4烷氧基、C1-C4卤代烷氧基、C1-C4烷硫基、C1-C4卤代烷硫基、C1-C4烷基亚磺酰基、C1-C4卤代烷基亚磺酰基、C1-C4烷基磺酰基或C1-C4卤代烷基磺酰基;并且
Z是O。
实施例N.一种式1的化合物,其中
A是A-1;
R1是t-Bu;
R2是CF3;
R3a和R3b是H;
R3c和R3d是H;
R4是H;
每个R5独立地是CF3、Cl、或Br;并且
Z是O。
实施例AA.一种包含式1’的化合物的组合物,其中
A是A1、A2、A3、或A4,各自被1-3个R5取代,前提是至少一个R5在邻位;
R1是C1-C6烷基、或C3-C8环烷基,每个R1任选地被以下项取代:卤素、C1-C4烷基、C1-C4卤代烷基、C3-C6环烷基、氰基、硝基、C1-C4烷氧基、C1-C4卤代烷氧基、C1-C4烷硫基、C1-C4卤代烷硫基、C1-C4烷基亚磺酰基、C1-C4卤代烷基亚磺酰基、C1-C4烷基磺酰基或C1-C4卤代烷基磺酰基;
R2是C1-C3卤代烷基或卤素;
Z是O或S
R3a和R3b各自独立地是H、C1-C2烷基、C1-C2卤代烷基,或者R3a和R3b一起形成3元至5元碳环;
R3c和R3d各自独立地是H、C1-C2烷基、C1-C2卤代烷基,或者R3c和R3d一起形成3元至5元碳环;
R4是H、C1-C4烷基、C2-C4烷基羰基或C1-C4烷氧基羰基;
R5是卤素、C1-C4烷基、C1-C4卤代烷基、氰基、硝基、C1-C4烷氧基、C1-C4卤代烷氧基、C1-C4烷硫基、C1-C4卤代烷硫基、C1-C4烷基亚磺酰基、C1-C4卤代烷基亚磺酰基、C1-C4烷基磺酰基或C1-C4卤代烷基磺酰基;
实施例BB.一种包含式1’的化合物的组合物或如实施例AA所述的组合物,其中
A是被1-3个R5取代的A1或A2,前提是至少一个R5在邻位;
R1是C1-C6烷基、或C3-C8环烷基,每个R1任选地被以下项取代:卤素、C1-C4烷基、C1-C4卤代烷基、C3-C6环烷基、氰基、硝基、C1-C4烷氧基、C1-C4卤代烷氧基、C1-C4烷硫基、C1-C4卤代烷硫基、C1-C4烷基亚磺酰基、C1-C4卤代烷基亚磺酰基、C1-C4烷基磺酰基或C1-C4卤代烷基磺酰基;
R2是C1-C3卤代烷基或卤素;
Z是O或S
R3a和R3b各自独立地是H、C1-C2烷基、C1-C2卤代烷基,或者R3a和R3b一起形成3元至5元碳环;
R3c和R3d各自独立地是H、C1-C2烷基、C1-C2卤代烷基,或者R3c和R3d一起形成3元至5元碳环;
R4是H、C1-C4烷基、C2-C4烷基羰基或C1-C4烷氧基羰基;
R5是卤素、C1-C4烷基、C1-C4卤代烷基、氰基、硝基、C1-C4烷氧基、C1-C4卤代烷氧基、C1-C4烷硫基、C1-C4卤代烷硫基、C1-C4烷基亚磺酰基、C1-C4卤代烷基亚磺酰基、C1-C4烷基磺酰基或C1-C4卤代烷基磺酰基;
实施例CC.如实施例AA或BB所述的组合物,其中
R1是C1-C4烷基、C2-C4卤代烷基、C3-C4环烷基、或CH2(C3-C4环烷基);
Z是O。
实施例DD.如实施例CC所述的组合物,其中
R2是C1-C3卤代烷基。
实施例EE.如实施例DD所述的组合物,其中
R3a、R3b、R3c和R3d是H;
R4是H。
实施例FF.如实施例EE所述的组合物,其中每个R5独立地是CF3、Cl、或Br。
实施例GG.如实施例FF所述的组合物,其中
R1是t-Bu;
R2是CF3。
实施例HH.一种包含式1’的化合物的组合物,其中
A是A-1;
R1是C1-C4烷基、C2-C4卤代烷基、C3-C4环烷基、或CH2(C3-C4环烷基)。
R2是C1-C3卤代烷基或卤素;
R3a和R3b各自独立地是H、C1-C2烷基、C1-C2卤代烷基;
R3c和R3d各自独立地是H、C1-C2烷基、C1-C2卤代烷基;
R4是H、C1-C4烷基、C2-C4烷基羰基或C1-C4烷氧基羰基;
R5是卤素、C1-C4烷基、C1-C4卤代烷基、氰基、硝基、C1-C4烷氧基、C1-C4卤代烷氧基、C1-C4烷硫基、C1-C4卤代烷硫基、C1-C4烷基亚磺酰基、C1-C4卤代烷基亚磺酰基、C1-C4烷基磺酰基、或C1-C4卤代烷基磺酰基;
Z是O。
实施例II.一种包含式1’的化合物的组合物,其中
A是A-1;
R1是Me。
R2是C1-C3卤代烷基或卤素;
R3a和R3b各自独立地是H、C1-C2烷基、C1-C2卤代烷基;
R3c和R3d各自独立地是H、C1-C2烷基、C1-C2卤代烷基;
R4是H、C1-C4烷基、C2-C4烷基羰基或C1-C4烷氧基羰基;
R5是卤素、C1-C4烷基、C1-C4卤代烷基、氰基、硝基、C1-C4烷氧基、C1-C4卤代烷氧基、C1-C4烷硫基、C1-C4卤代烷硫基、C1-C4烷基亚磺酰基、C1-C4卤代烷基亚磺酰基、C1-C4烷基磺酰基、或C1-C4卤代烷基磺酰基;
Z是O。
实施例JJ.一种包含式1’的化合物的组合物,其中
A是A-1;
R1是Me。
R2是CF3;
R3a和R3b各自独立地是H、C1-C2烷基、C1-C2卤代烷基;
R3c和R3d各自独立地是H、C1-C2烷基、C1-C2卤代烷基;
R4是H、C1-C4烷基、C2-C4烷基羰基或C1-C4烷氧基羰基;
R5是卤素、C1-C4烷基、C1-C4卤代烷基、氰基、硝基、C1-C4烷氧基、C1-C4卤代烷氧基、C1-C4烷硫基、C1-C4卤代烷硫基、C1-C4烷基亚磺酰基、C1-C4卤代烷基亚磺酰基、C1-C4烷基磺酰基、或C1-C4卤代烷基磺酰基;
Z是O。
实施例KK.一种包含式1’的化合物的组合物,其中
A是A-1;
R1是Me;
R2是CF3;
R3a和R3b是H;
R3c和R3d各自独立地是H、C1-C2烷基、C1-C2卤代烷基;
R4是H、C1-C4烷基、C2-C4烷基羰基或C1-C4烷氧基羰基;
R5是卤素、C1-C4烷基、C1-C4卤代烷基、氰基、硝基、C1-C4烷氧基、C1-C4卤代烷氧基、C1-C4烷硫基、C1-C4卤代烷硫基、C1-C4烷基亚磺酰基、C1-C4卤代烷基亚磺酰基、C1-C4烷基磺酰基、或C1-C4卤代烷基磺酰基;
Z是O。
实施例LL.一种包含式1’的化合物的组合物,其中
A是A-1;
R1是Me;
R2是CF3;
R3a和R3b是H;
R3c和R3d是H;
R4是H、C1-C4烷基、C2-C4烷基羰基或C1-C4烷氧基羰基;
R5是卤素、C1-C4烷基、C1-C4卤代烷基、氰基、硝基、C1-C4烷氧基、C1-C4卤代烷氧基、C1-C4烷硫基、C1-C4卤代烷硫基、C1-C4烷基亚磺酰基、C1-C4卤代烷基亚磺酰基、C1-C4烷基磺酰基、或C1-C4卤代烷基磺酰基;
Z是O。
实施例MM.一种包含式1’的化合物的组合物,其中
A是A-1;
R1是Me。
R2是CF3;
R3a和R3b是H;
R3c和R3d是H;
R4是H;
R5是卤素、C1-C4烷基、C1-C4卤代烷基、氰基、硝基、C1-C4烷氧基、C1-C4卤代烷氧基、C1-C4烷硫基、C1-C4卤代烷硫基、C1-C4烷基亚磺酰基、C1-C4卤代烷基亚磺酰基、C1-C4烷基磺酰基、或C1-C4卤代烷基磺酰基;
Z是O。
实施例NN.一种包含式1’的化合物的组合物,其中
A是A-1;
R1是Me;
R2是CF3;
R3a和R3b是H;
R3c和R3d是H;
R4是H;
每个R5独立地是CF3、Cl、或Br;
Z是O。
实施例X.一种用于防治无脊椎有害生物的方法,该方法包括使该无脊椎有害生物或其环境与生物学有效量的式1的化合物接触。
实施例X1.如权利要求X所述的方法,其中,所述环境是土壤或植物叶子。
本披露的实施例(包括上述实施例1-X1以及本文所述的任何其他实施例)可以以任何方式组合,并且实施例中的变量的描述不仅涉及式1或式1’的化合物,而且还涉及可用于制备式1或式1’的化合物的起始化合物和中间体化合物。另外,本披露的实施例(包括上述实施例1-X1以及本文所述的任何其他实施例)及其任何组合涉及本披露的组合物和方法。
具体实施例包括选自由以下组成的组的式1或式1’的化合物:
N-[2-[4-(1,1-二甲基乙基)-4,5-二氢-5-氧代-3-(三氟甲基)-1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基]乙基]-2-(三氟甲基)苯甲酰胺;
N-[2-[4,5-二氢-4-甲基-5-氧代-3-(三氟甲基)-1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基]乙基]-2-(三氟甲基)苯甲酰胺;
N-[2-[4-(环丙基甲基)-4,5-二氢-5-氧代-3-(三氟甲基)-1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基]乙基]-2-(三氟甲基)苯甲酰胺;
N-[2-[4-(环丙基-4,5-二氢-5-氧代-3-(三氟甲基)-1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基]乙基]-2-(三氟甲基)苯甲酰胺;
2-氯-N-[2-[4-(1,1-二甲基乙基)-4,5-二氢-5-氧代-3-(三氟甲基)-1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基]乙基]苯甲酰胺;
2-氯-N-[2-[4-(1,1-二甲基乙基)-4,5-二氢-5-氧代-3-(三氟甲基)-1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基]乙基]-3-吡啶甲酰胺,
2-溴-N-[2-[4-(1,1-二甲基乙基)-4,5-二氢-5-氧代-3-(三氟甲基)-1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基]乙基]苯甲酰胺,以及N-[2-[4,5-二氢-5-氧代-4-(2,2,2-三氟-1,1-二甲基乙基)-3-(三氟甲基)-1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基]乙基]-2-(三氟甲基)苯甲酰胺。
表1.
*化合物编号是指如索引表A-M中示出的化合物编号。
实施例Y1.一种组合物,该组合物包含式1或式1’的化合物或如前述实施例中任一项所述的化合物以及至少一种选自由表面活性剂、固体稀释剂和液体稀释剂组成的组的附加组分,所述组合物任选地进一步包含至少一种附加生物学活性化合物或试剂。
实施例Y2.如实施例Y1所述的组合物,其中该至少一种附加生物学活性化合物或试剂选自由以下组成的组:阿巴汀、乙酰甲胺磷、灭螨醌、啶虫脒、氟丙菊酯、双丙环虫酯、磺胺螨酯、双甲脒、阿维菌素、印楝素、保棉磷、丙硫克百威、杀虫磺、联苯菊酯、联苯肼酯、双三氟虫脲、硼酸盐、噻嗪酮、甲萘威、克百威、杀螟丹、伐虫脒、氯虫苯甲酰胺、溴虫腈、氟啶脲、毒死蜱、甲基毒死蜱、环虫酰肼、四螨嗪、噻虫胺、溴氰虫酰胺、环溴虫酰胺、三氟吡啶胺(cyclobutrifluram)、乙氰菊酯、环氧虫啶、乙唑螨腈(cyetpyrafen)、丁氟螨酯、氟氯氰菊酯、高效氟氯氰菊酯、三氟氯氰菊酯、精高效氯氟氰菊酯、高效氯氟氰菊酯、氯氰菊酯、顺式氯氰菊酯、ζ-氯氰菊酯、灭蝇胺、溴氰菊酯、丁醚脲、二嗪磷、狄氏剂、除虫脲、四氟甲醚菊酯、杀虫双、乐果、呋虫胺、苯虫醚、甲氨基阿维菌素、硫丹、高氰戊菊酯、乙虫腈、醚菊酯、乙螨唑、苯丁锡、杀螟硫磷、苯硫威、苯氧威、甲氰菊酯、氰戊菊酯、氟虫腈、氟麦托醌、氟啶虫酰胺、氟虫双酰胺、氟氰戊菊酯、嘧虫胺、氟虫脲、氟菌螨酯、联氟砜、氟吡菌酰胺、氟苯硫奥芬诺克斯(flupentiofenox)、氟吡呋喃酮、氟胺氰菊酯、氟胺氰戊菊酯、地虫硫磷、伐虫脒、噻唑膦、氯虫酰肼、七氟甲醚菊酯、氟铃脲、噻螨酮、氟蚁腙、吡虫啉、茚虫威、杀虫肥皂、异丙胺磷、虱螨脲、马拉硫磷、氯氟醚菊酯、氰氟虫腙、四聚乙醛、甲胺磷、杀扑磷、甲硫威、灭多威、烯虫酯、甲氧滴滴涕、甲氧虫酰肼、甲氧苄氟菊酯、久效磷、单氟菊酯、尼克氟普罗(nicofluprole)、烟碱、烯啶虫胺(nitenpyram)、硝虫噻嗪(nithiazine)、氟酰脲(novaluron)、多氟脲(noviflumuron)、N-[1,1-二甲基-2-(甲硫基)乙基]-7-氟-2-(3-吡啶基)-2H-吲唑-4-甲酰胺、N-[1,1-二甲基-2-(甲基亚磺酰基)乙基]-7-氟-2-(3-吡啶基)-2H-吲唑-4-甲酰胺、N-[1,1-二甲基-2-(甲基磺酰基)乙基]-7-氟-2-(3-吡啶基)-2H-吲唑-4-甲酰胺、N-(1-甲基环丙基)-2-(3-吡啶基)-2H-吲唑-4-甲酰胺、以及N-[1-(二氟甲基)环丙基]-2-(3-吡啶基)-2H-吲唑-4-甲酰胺、杀线威、对硫磷、甲基对硫磷、氯菊酯、甲拌磷、伏杀硫磷、亚胺硫磷、磷胺、抗蚜威、丙溴磷、丙氟菊酯、炔螨特、丙苯烃菊酯、吡氟丁酰胺、吡蚜酮、啶吡唑虫胺、除虫菊素、哒螨灵、啶虫丙醚、吡氟喹虫唑、嘧螨胺、吡唑虫啶、吡丙醚、鱼藤酮、兰尼碱、氟硅菊酯、乙基多杀菌素、多杀菌素、螺螨酯、螺甲螨酯、螺虫乙酯、硫丙磷、氟啶虫胺腈、虫酰肼、吡螨胺、氟苯脲、七氟菊酯、杀虫畏、胺菊酯、四氟醚菊酯、噻虫啉、噻虫嗪、硫双威、杀虫双、噻唑沙芬、唑虫酰胺、四溴菊酯、唑蚜威、敌百虫、三氟苯嘧啶、杀铃脲、苏云金芽孢杆菌δ-內毒素、昆虫病原细菌、昆虫病原病毒和昆虫病原真菌。
实施例Y3.如实施例Y2所述的组合物,其中该至少一种附加生物学活性化合物或试剂选自由以下组成的组:阿巴汀、啶虫脒、氟丙菊酯、双丙环虫酯、双甲脒、阿维菌素、印楝素、丙硫克百威、杀虫磺、联苯菊酯、噻嗪酮、甲萘威、杀螟丹、氯虫苯甲酰胺、溴虫腈、毒死蜱、噻虫胺、溴氰虫酰胺、环溴虫酰胺、乙氰菊酯、氟氯氰菊酯、高效氟氯氰菊酯、三氟氯氰菊酯、精高效氯氟氰菊酯、高效氯氟氰菊酯、氯氰菊酯、顺式氯氰菊酯、ζ-氯氰菊酯、灭蝇胺、溴氰菊酯、狄氏剂、呋虫胺、苯虫醚、甲氨基阿维菌素、硫丹、高氰戊菊酯、乙虫腈、醚菊酯、乙螨唑、杀螟硫磷、苯硫威、苯氧威、氰戊菊酯、氟虫腈、氟麦托醌、氟啶虫酰胺、氟虫双酰胺、氟虫脲、氟菌螨酯、联氟砜、丁虫腈、氟吡呋喃酮、氟胺氰菊酯、伐虫脒、噻唑膦、七氟甲醚菊酯、氟铃脲、氟蚁腙、吡虫啉、茚虫威、虱螨脲、氯氟醚菊酯、氰氟虫腙、甲硫威、灭多威、烯虫酯、甲氧虫酰肼、甲氧苄氟菊酯、单氟菊酯、N-[1,1-二甲基-2-(甲硫基)乙基]-7-氟-2-(3-吡啶基)-2H-吲唑-4-甲酰胺、N-[1,1-二甲基-2-(甲基亚磺酰基)乙基]-7-氟-2-(3-吡啶基)-2H-吲唑-4-甲酰胺、N-[1,1-二甲基-2-(甲基磺酰基)乙基]-7-氟-2-(3-吡啶基)-2H-吲唑-4-甲酰胺、N-(1-甲基环丙基)-2-(3-吡啶基)-2H-吲唑-4-甲酰胺、以及N-[1-(二氟甲基)环丙基]-2-(3-吡啶基)-2H-吲唑-4-甲酰胺、烯啶虫胺、硝虫噻嗪、氟酰脲、杀线威、吡氟丁酰胺、吡蚜酮、除虫菊素、哒螨灵、啶虫丙醚、嘧螨胺、吡丙醚、兰尼碱、乙基多杀菌素、多杀菌素、螺螨酯、螺甲螨酯、螺虫乙酯、氟啶虫胺腈、虫酰肼、胺菊酯、四氟醚菊酯、噻虫啉、噻虫嗪、硫双威、杀虫双、四溴菊酯、唑蚜威、三氟苯嘧啶、杀铃脲、苏云金芽孢杆菌δ-內毒素、苏云金芽孢杆菌的所有菌株和核型多角体病毒的所有毒株。
实施例Y4.如实施例Y1-Y3中任一项所述的组合物,该组合物进一步包含液体肥料。
实施例Y5.如实施例Y4所述的组合物,其中液体肥料是水基的。
实施例Y6.一种土壤浸液制剂,该土壤浸液制剂包含如实施例Y1-Y3中任一项所述的组合物。
实施例Y7.一种喷雾组合物,该喷雾组合物包含如实施例Y1-Y3中任一项所述的组合物以及推进剂。
实施例Y8.一种诱饵组合物,该诱饵组合物包含如实施例Y1-Y3中任一项所述的组合物、一种或多种食物材料、任选的引诱剂和任选的湿润剂。
实施例Y9.一种用于防治无脊椎有害生物的诱捕装置,其包含:如实施例Y8所述的诱饵组合物和被适配成容纳所述诱饵组合物的外壳,其中外壳具有至少一个开口,该开口的大小被设定成允许无脊椎有害生物通过开口,使无脊椎有害生物能够从外壳外部的位置接近所述诱饵组合物,并且其中外壳进一步被适配成放置在无脊椎有害生物可能或已知的活动所在地中或附近。
实施例Y10.一种包含如实施例Y1-Y3中任一项所述的组合物的组合物,其中该组合物是选自粉剂、粉末、颗粒剂、球剂、粒剂、锭剂、片剂和填充膜的固体组合物。
实施例Y11.如实施例Y10所述的组合物,其中该组合物是水可分散的或水溶性的。
实施例Y12.一种包含如实施例Y1-Y3中任一项所述的组合物的液体或干制剂,该液体或干制剂用于滴灌系统、种植期间的垄沟、手持式喷雾器、背负式喷雾器、喷杆式喷雾器、地面喷雾器、空气施加、无人飞行载具或种子处理。
实施例Y13.如实施例Y12所述的液体或干制剂,其中所述制剂以超低体积喷雾。
值得注意的是,本披露的化合物的特征在于有利的代谢模式和/或土壤残留模式,并且表现出防治广谱农学和非农学无脊椎有害生物的活性。
特别值得注意的是,由于无脊椎有害生物防治谱和经济学重要性的原因,通过防治无脊椎有害生物来保护农业作物免受无脊椎有害生物引起的损害或伤害是本披露的实施例。本披露的化合物由于其在植株中的有利转移特性或内吸性(systemicity)还保护叶或不与式1的化合物或包含该化合物的组合物直接接触的其他植株部分。
还值得注意的作为本披露的实施例的是包含如前述实施例中任一项以及本文所述的任何其他实施例及其任何组合所述的化合物,以及至少一种选自由表面活性剂、固体稀释剂和液体稀释剂组成的组的附加组分的组合物,所述组合物任选地进一步包含至少一种附加生物学活性化合物或试剂。
另外值得注意的作为本披露的实施例的是用于防治无脊椎有害生物的包含如前述实施例中任一项以及本文所述的任何其他实施例及其任何组合所述的化合物,以及至少一种选自由表面活性剂、固体稀释剂和液体稀释剂组成的组的附加组分的组合物,所述组合物任选地进一步包含至少一种附加生物学活性化合物或试剂。本披露的实施例进一步包括用于防治无脊椎有害生物的方法,这些方法包括使无脊椎有害生物或其环境与生物学有效量的如前述实施例中任一项所述的化合物(例如,作为本文所述的组合物)接触。
本披露的实施例还包括包含任何前述实施例的化合物的土壤浸液液体制剂形式的组合物。本披露的实施例进一步包括用于防治无脊椎有害生物的方法,这些方法包括使土壤与包含生物学有效量的任何前述实施例的化合物的作为土壤浸液的液体组合物接触。
本披露的实施例还包括用于防治无脊椎有害生物的喷雾组合物,该喷雾组合物包含生物学有效量的如前述实施例中任一项所述的化合物以及推进剂。本披露的实施例进一步包括用于防治无脊椎有害生物的诱饵组合物,该诱饵组合物包含生物学有效量的如前述实施例中任一项所述的化合物、一种或多种食物材料、任选的引诱剂和任选的湿润剂。本披露的实施例还包括一种用于防治无脊椎有害生物的装置,该装置包含所述诱饵组合物和被适配成容纳所述诱饵组合物的外壳,其中外壳具有至少一个开口,其大小设定成允许无脊椎有害生物通过开口,使无脊椎有害生物能够从外壳以外的位置接近所述诱饵组合物,并且其中外壳进一步被适配成放置在无脊椎有害生物可能或已知的活动场所中或附近。
本披露的实施例还包括用于保护种子免受无脊椎有害生物侵害的方法,这些方法包括使种子与生物学有效量的如前述实施例中任一项所述的化合物接触。
本披露的实施例还包括用于保护动物免受无脊椎寄生性有害生物侵害的方法,这些方法包括向动物施用杀寄生虫有效量的如前述实施例中任一项所述的化合物。
本披露的实施例还包括用于防治无脊椎有害生物的方法,这些方法包括使无脊椎有害生物或其环境与生物学有效量的式1的化合物、其N-氧化物或盐(例如,作为本文所述的组合物)接触,前提是这些方法不是通过治疗对人体或动物体进行医学治疗的方法。
本披露还涉及这样的方法,其中无脊椎有害生物或其环境与包含生物学有效量的式1的化合物、其N-氧化物或盐以及至少一种选自由表面活性剂、固体稀释剂和液体稀释剂组成的组的附加组分的组合物接触,所述组合物任选地进一步包含生物学有效量的至少一种附加生物学活性化合物或试剂,前提是这些方法不是通过治疗对人体或动物体进行医学治疗的方法。
本披露的实施例还包括使用无人飞行载具(UAV)将本文所披露的组合物分散在种植区域。在一些实施例中,种植区域是含有作物的区域。在一些实施例中,作物选自单子叶(monocot)或双子叶(dicot)。在一些实施例中,作物选自稻、玉米、大麦、大豆、小麦、蔬菜、烟草、茶树、果树和甘蔗。在一些实施例中,本文所披露的组合物被配制用于以超低容量喷雾。通过无人机施用的产品可使用水或油作为喷雾载体。全球用于无人机施用的典型喷雾体积(包括产品)为5.0升/公顷-100升/公顷(约0.5-10gpa)。这包括超低喷雾容量(ULV)至低喷雾容量(LV)的范围。虽然不常见,但可能存在这样的情况,其中可使用低至1.0升/公顷(0.1gpa)的甚至更低的喷雾容量。
式1的化合物可以通过以下在方案1-13中描述的方法和变体中的一种或多种来制备。除非另外指明,否则式1-13的化合物中的取代基R1、R2、R3a、R3b、R3c、R3d、R4、Z和A是在发明内容中定义的。
如方案1中所示,式1b(即,其中Z是硫的式1)的化合物可以由式1a(即,其中Z是氧的式1)的化合物通过用劳森试剂、P2S5、或P4S10处理来制备。该类型的硫代酰胺形成反应典型地在非质子溶剂诸如甲苯或1,4-二噁烷中、在40℃与溶剂沸点之间的升高温度下进行。该类型的反应在文献中是熟知的;参见,例如,March和Smith,March’s Advanced OrganicChemistry[March高等有机化学],第5版,John Wiley&Sons,Inc.[约翰威利父子公司],纽约,2001,第16章。
方案1:
如方案2中所示,式1a(即,其中Z是氧的式1)的化合物可以通过使式2的胺衍生物和式5的酰氯在溶剂诸如二氯甲烷或四氢呋喃中,在碱诸如三乙胺、吡啶或N,N-二异丙基乙胺的存在下,在环境至溶剂的沸点温度下进行酰化来制备。这些类型的酰化在文献中有详细记载。参见例如March和Smith,March’sAdvanced Organic Chemistry[March高等有机化学],第5版,John Wiley and Sons,Inc.[约翰威利父子公司],纽约,2001,第10章。式5的酰氯是可商购的或者是通过有机合成领域技术人员熟知的方法制备的。
方案2:
如方案3中所示,式1a(即,其中Z是氧的式1)的化合物可以通过使式2的胺衍生物与可商购的式5a的酸衍生物在溶剂诸如二甲基甲酰胺或二甲基亚砜中,在碱诸如三乙胺、吡啶或N,N-二异丙基乙胺的存在下,在环境温度下或在以回流温度加热下,在HATU(1-[双(二甲基氨基)亚甲基]-1H-1,2,3-三唑并[4,5-b]吡啶鎓3-氧化物六氟磷酸盐)或EDC(1-乙基-3-(3-二甲基氨基丙基)碳二亚胺)和HOBT(羟基苯并三唑)的存在下,任选地在添加剂诸如HOBT(1-羟基苯并三唑)的存在下进行酰化来制备。这些类型的酰化在文献中有详细记载。参见例如March和Smith,March’s Advanced Organic Chemistry[March高等有机化学],第5版,John Wiley and Sons,Inc.[约翰威利父子公司],纽约,2001,第10章。
关于该反应的实例参见实例1的步骤7。
方案3:
如方案4中所示,式1d(即,其中Z是氧并且R4不是H的式1)的化合物可以由式1c(即,其中Z是氧并且R4是H的式1)通过式7的化合物在碱诸如氢化钠、叔丁醇钾、碳酸钾或碳酸铯的存在下,在溶剂诸如四氢呋喃、二甲基甲酰胺或二甲基亚砜中,在低于环境至回流温度的温度下的反应来制备。这些类型的烷基化在文献中有详细记载。参见例如Journal ofthe American Chemical Society[美国化学会杂志],2019,141(1),159-162,ChemicalScience[化学科学],2016,7(3),2229-2238。
方案4:
式1a(即,其中Z是氧的式1)的化合物也可以通过方案5中所示的方法制备。式4的三唑酮衍生物在溶剂诸如四氢呋喃、乙腈、或二甲基甲酰胺中与具有离去基团X的式3的酰胺在碱诸如氢化钠、叔丁醇钾、双(三甲基甲硅烷基酰胺)锂、三乙胺、或碳酸钾的存在下,在从低于环境至溶剂沸点的温度下反应。
关于实例,参见实例1的步骤9。
方案5:
如方案6中所示,式9的化合物可以通过光延反应来制备,该反应为在溶剂诸如四氢呋喃、二乙醚或二氯甲烷中,在三苯基膦和偶氮二甲酸酯诸如偶氮二甲酸二乙酯(DEAD)或偶氮二甲酸二异丙酯(DIAD)的存在下,在碱诸如三乙胺或二异丙胺的存在下,在低于环境至溶剂的回流温度的温度下处理式8的化合物和式4的三唑酮化合物。这些类型的光延反应在文献中有详细记载。参见例如Mitsunobu,O.(1981).“The Use of DiethylAzodicarboxylate and Triphenylphosphinein Synthesis and Transformation ofNatural Products[偶氮二甲酸二乙酯和三苯基膦在天然产物的合成和转化中的用途]”,Synthesis[合成],1981(1),1-28;Hughes,D.L.(1992).The Mitsunobu Reaction[光延反应].Organic Reactions[有机反应],42.pp.335-656,Swamy,K.C.K.;Kumar,N.N.B.;Balaraman,E.&Kumar,K.V.P.P.(2009),“Mitsunobu and Related Reactions:Advancesand Applications[光延和相关反应:进展和应用]”,Chemical Reviews[化学评论],109(6),2551-2651。
关于该反应的实例参见实例1的实例步骤5。
方案6:
如方案7中所示,式9的化合物的N-去保护提供了式2的胺。用于N-去保护的方法可以在Greene,Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis[有机合成中的保护基团],JohnWilley and Sons[约翰威利父子公司],纽约,1981中找到。例如,在实例1的步骤6中,tBOC(叔丁氧基羰基)通过与二噁烷中的盐酸在溶剂诸如甲醇或乙醇中反应被去除。
方案7:
如方案8中所示,式8的受保护胺可以由式6的胺制备。将式6的胺首先用保护基团PG如叔丁氧基羰基或苄氧基羰基进行N-保护以提供式8的化合物。用于N-保护的方法可以在Greene,Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis[有机合成中的保护基团],JohnWilley and Sons[约翰威利父子公司],纽约,1981中找到。
方案8:
如方案9中所示,式3的化合物可以通过在碱诸如碳酸氢钠溶液或三乙胺的存在下,在环境温度下,在溶剂诸如乙酸乙酯、二氯甲烷或四氢呋喃中用式5的酰氯处理式10的胺盐酸盐化合物来制备。参见例如March和Smith,March’sAdvanced Organic Chemistry[March高等有机化学],第5版,John Wiley and Sons,Inc.[约翰威利父子公司],纽约,2001,第10章。式5的酰氯和式10的胺是可商购的或者是通过有机合成领域技术人员熟知的方法制备的。关于实例,参见实例1的步骤8。
方案9:
式4的三唑酮化合物可以在碱诸如氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾或叔丁醇钾的存在下,在溶剂诸如水、乙醇、2-甲基-2-丙醇或四氢呋喃中,在从环境至溶剂沸点的温度下由式11的化合物制备。参见例如参见欧洲专利申请726258以及实例1的步骤4。
方案10:
如方案11中所示,式11的化合物可以由式12的化合物通过在溶剂诸如1,4-二噁烷、四氢呋喃或甲苯的存在下与式R1NH2的胺反应制备。该反应在室温与40℃之间进行。参见例如欧洲专利申请726258以及实例1的步骤3。
方案11:
如方案12中所示,式13的化合物可以由式12的化合物通过与磺酰氯诸如甲烷磺酰氯、乙烷磺酰氯、苯磺酰氯或对甲苯磺酰氯反应来制备,其中适当地在酸受体诸如三乙胺或二异丙基乙胺的存在下,在溶剂诸如二甲氧基甲烷、二噁烷、四氢呋喃或二氯甲烷中,在0℃与100℃之间的温度下。其可在欧洲专利申请726258以及实例1的步骤2中找到。
方案12:
如方案13中所示,式12的肼羧酸酯可以通过已知方法制备。参见例如Synthesis[合成]1991,350-352。式14和式15的化合物是可商购的或者是通过有机合成领域技术人员熟知的方法制备的。关于实例,参见实例1的步骤1。
方案13:
方案1至13示出了制备具有多种取代基的式1的化合物的方法。具有取代基而不是方案1至13中特别指出的那些取代基的式1的化合物可以通过合成有机化学领域中已知的一般方法(包括类似于方案1至13中所述的方法)来制备。方案1至13可以类似地被用于制备式1’的化合物。
本领域的技术人员认识到,各种官能团可被转变成其他以提供不同的式1或1’的化合物。式1或1’的化合物或用于其制备的中间体可以含有芳族硝基,可将芳族硝基还原为氨基,并且然后经由本领域熟知的反应(例如,桑德迈尔反应)转化为各种卤化物。通过类似的已知反应,芳族胺(苯胺)可经由重氮盐转化为苯酚,然后可将苯酚烷基化以制备具有烷氧基取代基的式1或1’的化合物。同样,经由桑德迈尔反应制备的芳族卤化物(诸如溴化物或碘化物)可在铜催化条件下与醇反应,诸如乌尔曼(Ullmann)反应或其已知改性,以提供含有烷氧基取代基的式1或1’的化合物。另外,一些卤素基团(诸如氟或氯)可在碱性条件下用醇置换,以提供含有相应烷氧基取代基的式1或1’的化合物。含有卤基(优选溴基或碘基)的式1或1’的化合物或其前体特别是可用于过渡金属催化的交叉偶联反应以制备式1或式1’的化合物的中间体。这些类型的反应在文献中有详细记载;参见例如,Transition MetalReagents and Catalysts:Innovations in Organic Synthesis[过渡金属试剂和催化剂:有机合成中的创新],John Wiley and Sons[约翰威利父子公司],奇切斯特,2002中的Tsuji;Palladium in Organic Synthesis[有机合成中的钯],Springer[施普林格公司],2005中的Tsuji;以及Cross Coupling Reactions:APractical Guide[交叉偶联反应:实用指南],2002中的Miyaura和Buchwald;以及其中引用的参考文献。
应认识到,上述对于制备式1或式1’的化合物所描述的某些试剂和反应条件可能不与中间体中存在的某些官能团相容。在这些情况下,将保护/去保护序列或官能团相互转化结合到合成中将有助于获得所期望的产物。保护基团的使用和选择对于化学合成领域的技术人员来说将是显而易见的(参见,例如Greene,T.W.;Wuts,P.G.M.Protective Groupsin Organic Synthesis[有机合成中的保护基团],第2版;威利出版社:纽约,1991)。本领域的技术人员将认识到,在一些情况下,在引入各个方案中描绘的试剂后,可能需要未详细描述的额外的常规合成步骤来完成式1或式1’的化合物的合成。本领域的技术人员还将认识到,可能必需以与制备式1或式1’的化合物所呈现的具体序列不同的顺序来进行以上方案中示出的步骤的组合。
本领域的技术人员还将认识到,本文所述的式1或式1’的化合物和中间体可经受各种亲电反应、亲核反应、自由基反应、有机金属反应、氧化反应和还原反应以添加取代基或改性现有的取代基。
合成实例1
N-[2-[4-叔丁基-5-氧代-3-(三氟甲基)-1,2,4-三唑-1-基]乙基]-2-(三氟甲基)苯甲酰胺(化合物10)的制备
N-[2-[4-叔丁基-5-氧代-3-(三氟甲基)-1,2,4-三唑-1-基]乙基]-2-(三氟甲基)苯甲酰胺通过如以下所描述的两个不同路线来制备。
N-[(2,2,2-三氟乙酰基)氨基]氨基甲酸甲酯的制备:
步骤1:在0℃下向N-氨基氨基甲酸甲酯(10g,111.1mmol)在二乙醚中的溶液中添加三氟乙酸酐(28g,133.3mmol),并且将所得反应混合物在室温下搅拌4h。通过TLC监测反应。在反应完成后,使二乙醚蒸发并且与甲苯共蒸馏以获得呈灰白色固体的化合物N-[(2,2,2-三氟乙酰基)氨基]氨基甲酸甲酯(17g,85%)。将粗化合物直接用于下个步骤。
1H NMR谱:(DMSO-d6,500MHz);以ppm计的δ-值
11.1(m,1H),9.54(m,1H),3.62(s,2H)
LC-MS:m/z 185(M-1)。
N-[(Z)-(1-氯-2,2,2-三氟-亚乙基)氨基]氨基甲酸甲酯的制备:
步骤2:在室温下向N-[(2,2,2-三氟乙酰基)氨基]氨基甲酸甲酯(80g,430mmol)在丙酮(270ml)中的溶液中添加苯磺酰氯(83.5g,473mmol)和三乙胺(60ml,430mmol),并且加热至55℃持续24h。将反应混合物冷却至室温,过滤并用乙酸乙酯(2×200ml)洗涤。将合并的有机层用盐水溶液洗涤,经无水硫酸钠干燥并在减压下浓缩以提供化合物N-[(Z)-(1-氯-2,2,2-三氟-亚乙基)氨基]氨基甲酸酯(70g,79%)。将粗化合物直接用于下个步骤。(M-1=204)
1H NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d6)δppm 11.52(s,1H),3.76(s,3H)
LC-MS:m/z 204(M-1)。
N-[(Z)-[1-(叔丁基氨基)-2,2,2-三氟-亚乙基]氨基]氨基甲酸甲酯的制备
步骤3:在室温下在5min内向N-[(Z)-(1-氯-2,2,2-三氟-亚乙基)氨基]氨基甲酸甲酯(3g,14.7mmol)在1,4-二噁烷(15ml)中的溶液中缓慢添加2-甲基丙-2-胺(2.14g,29.4mmol)。允许反应混合物在40℃下搅拌4h。然后将其倒入冷水(20ml)中并用乙酸乙酯(2×40ml)萃取。将合并的有机层用盐水溶液洗涤,经无水硫酸钠干燥并在减压下浓缩以提供灰白色固体的化合物N-[(Z)-[1-(叔丁基氨基)-2,2,2-三氟-亚乙基]氨基]氨基甲酸甲酯(2g,51%)。将粗化合物直接用于下个步骤。
1H NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d6)δppm 7.44(bs,1H),3.85(s,3H),1.46(s,9H)
LC-MS:m/z 242(M+1)。
4-叔丁基-3-(三氟甲基)-1H-1,2,4-三唑-5-酮的制备
步骤4:在室温下向氢氧化钠水溶液(1.48g,37mmol,在20ml水中)中添加N-[(Z)-[1-(叔丁基氨基)-2,2,2-三氟-亚乙基]氨基]氨基甲酸甲酯(3.0g,12.34mmol)。然后将其在90℃下加热5h。将反应混合物冷却至室温并用1N HCl中和。将沉淀的固体过滤,用水(20ml)洗涤并且在减压下干燥,以得到呈黄色固体的化合物4-叔丁基-3-(三氟甲基)-1H-1,2,4-三唑-5-酮,将其用石油醚进一步洗涤。(1g,71%)。
1H NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d6)δppm 12.57(m,1H),1.57(s,1H)。
LC-MS:m/z 210(M+1)
路线I:
N-[2-[4-叔丁基-5-氧代-3-(三氟甲基)-1,2,4-三唑-1-基]乙基]氨基甲酸叔丁酯的制备
步骤5:在0℃下向三苯基膦(2.8g,10.76mmol)在THF(30ml)中的溶液中缓慢添加偶氮二甲酸二异丙酯(2.1g,10mmol)。20分钟后,添加4-叔丁基-3-(三氟甲基)-1H-1,2,4-三唑-5-酮(1.5g,7mmol)和N-(2-羟乙基)氨基甲酸叔丁酯(7)(1.4g,8mmol),随后在室温下在5min内添加三乙胺(1.5g,14mmol)。然后允许反应混合物在室温下搅拌过夜。将反应混合物用饱和碳酸氢盐溶液(20ml)淬灭并用乙酸乙酯(2×40ml)萃取。将合并的有机层用盐水溶液洗涤,经无水硫酸钠干燥并且在减压下浓缩并通过MPLC(在石油醚中40%乙酸乙酯)纯化,以得到期望的化合物N-[2-[4-叔丁基-5-氧代-3-(三氟甲基)-1,2,4-三唑-1-基]乙基]氨基甲酸叔丁酯(1.8g,72%)。
1H NMR谱:(CDCl3,500MHz);以ppm计的δ-值
1H NMR(500MHz,氯仿-d)δppm 3.93(s,1H),3.3(m,1H),1.67(s,5H),1.42(s,8H)。
LC-MS:m/z 354(M+1)
2-(2-氨基乙基)-4-叔丁基-5-(三氟甲基)-1,2,4-三唑-3-酮;盐酸盐的制备
步骤6:在室温下向N-[2-[4-叔丁基-5-氧代-3-(三氟甲基)-1,2,4-三唑-1-基]乙基]氨基甲酸叔丁酯在甲醇(1.8g,9ml)中的溶液中添加二噁烷(9ml)中的4MHCl。然后将其在室温下搅拌过夜。将溶剂蒸发掉并从二乙醚和石油醚中重结晶,以得到作为盐酸盐的期望产物2-(2-氨基乙基)-4-叔丁基-5-(三氟甲基)-1,2,4-三唑-3-酮;盐酸盐(1g,71%)。
1H NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d6)δppm 8.19(m,1H),4.0(m,1H),3.06(m,1H),1.59(s,3H)。
LC-MS:m/z 254(M+1)
N-[2-[4-叔丁基-5-氧代-3-(三氟甲基)-1,2,4-三唑-1-基]乙基]-2-(三氟甲基)苯甲酰胺(化合物10)的制备
步骤7:在室温下向2-(2-氨基乙基)-4-叔丁基-5-(三氟甲基)-1,2,4-三唑-3-酮;盐酸盐(200mg,692mmol)在二氯甲烷(10ml)中的溶液中添加2-(三氟甲基)苯甲酰氯(173mg,830mmol),随后添加三乙胺(140mg,1380mmol)。在室温下搅拌2h后,将反应混合物用饱和碳酸氢盐溶液(20ml)淬灭并用乙酸乙酯(2×40ml)萃取。将合并的有机层用盐水溶液洗涤,经无水硫酸钠干燥并且在减压下浓缩并通过MPLC(在石油醚中50%乙酸乙酯)纯化,以得到期望的化合物N-[2-[4-叔丁基-5-氧代-3-(三氟甲基)-1,2,4-三唑-1-基]乙基]-2-(三氟甲基)苯甲酰胺(化合物10)(200mg,68%)。
1H NMR(500MHz,氯仿-d)δppm 7.7(m,1H),7.56(s,3H),6.43(m,1H),4.03(m,2H),3.78(m,2H),1.66(s,9H)。
LC-MS:m/z 425(M+1)
路线II:
N-(2-溴乙基)-2-(三氟甲基)苯甲酰胺的制备
步骤8:在1h内向在冰水浴中搅拌和冷却的2-溴乙胺盐酸盐(4.7g,23mmol)和饱和碳酸氢钠水溶液(50mL)在乙酸乙酯(35mL)中的混合物中添加2-(三氟甲基)苯甲酰氯(5.0g,24mmol)在乙酸乙酯(5mL)中的溶液。观察到沉淀物。将混合物在环境温度下搅拌约16h。将混合物用水洗涤,并且将合并的水层用乙酸乙酯萃取一次。将有机相合并,经硫酸镁干燥,并在减压下浓缩。将得到的残余物用添加有小部分1-氯丁烷的己烷研磨以获得在空气中干燥的白色固体,以得到期望的化合物N-(2-溴乙基)-2-(三氟甲基)苯甲酰胺(4.54g,67%)。
1H NMR(CDCl3)δ7.72(m,1H),7.6-7(m,3H),6.25(br s,1H),3.88(m,2H),3.59(m,2H);
LC-MS:m/z 296(M+1)
N-[2-[4-叔丁基-5-氧代-3-(三氟甲基)-1,2,4-三唑-1-基]乙基]-2-(三氟甲基)苯甲酰胺的制备
步骤9:在环境温度下向4-叔丁基-3-(三氟甲基)-1H-1,2,4-三唑-5-酮(如步骤4中制备的,209mg,1.00mmol)与无水四氢呋喃(5mL)的混合物中逐滴添加双(三甲基甲硅烷基)氨基钾在无水四氢呋喃(1.0M商业溶液,1.1mL,1.1mmol)中的溶液。将该混合物搅拌15m,然后添加N-(2-溴乙基)-2-(三氟甲基)苯甲酰胺(如上制备的,295mg,1.0mmol)在无水四氢呋喃(1mL)中的溶液,并且将混合物在回流温度下加热16h。添加无水二甲基甲酰胺(5mL),并且在100℃下继续加热24h。在环境温度下,添加氢化钠(在矿物油中60%,40mg,1.0mmol)并且在100℃下将混合物再次加热16h。允许混合物冷却,添加水,并且将该混合物用乙酸乙酯萃取。将有机相用水洗涤五次,经硫酸镁干燥,并且浓缩至硅胶上。将硅胶/产物混合物应用于中压液相色谱硅胶柱,并且用己烷/乙酸乙酯梯度洗脱,并且浓缩提供期望的产物N-[2-[4-叔丁基-5-氧代-3-(三氟甲基)-1,2,4-三唑-1-基]乙基]-2-(三氟甲基)苯甲酰胺(化合物10)(88mg,21%)。
1H NMR(500MHz,氯仿-d)δppm 7.7(m,1H),7.56(s,3H),6.43(m,1H),4.03(m,2H),3.78(m,2H),1.66(s,9H)。
LC-MS:m/z 425(M+1)
通过本文所述的程序和本领域已知的方法,可以制备表1a至1j的以下化合物。以下缩写用于随后的表中:Me意指甲基,OMe意指甲氧基,Et意指乙基,OEt意指乙氧基,n-Pr意指正丙基,i-Pr意指异丙基,c-Pr意指环丙基,n-Bu意指正丁基,s-Bu意指仲丁基,t-Bu意指叔丁基,c-Bu意指环丁基,Ph意指苯基,并且CN意指氰基。
表1a
R3a-d是H,R4是H,Z是O
R1 | R2 | R1 | R2 |
CH2-CHF2-Me | CF3 | CH(Me)-CH2-OMe | CF2-CF3 |
CH2-c-Pr | CF3 | C(Me)2-CH2-OMe | CF2-CF3 |
CH(Me)-c-Pr | CF3 | CH2-C(CH2)Me | CF2-CF3 |
C(Me)2-CH2-CH3 | CF3 | c-Pr(Me) | CF2-CF3 |
CH2-i-Pr | CF3 | CH2-CH2-i-Pr | CF2-CF3 |
CH2-t-Bu | CF3 | CH2-CH2-c-Pr | CF2-CF3 |
CH(Me)-t-Bu | CF3 | CH(Me)-CH(Me)2 | CF2-CF3 |
C(Me)2-t-Bu | CF3 | CH2-CHF2 | CF2-CF3 |
炔丙基 | CF3 | 环丙基 | CF2-CF3 |
CH2-CH=CH2 | CF3 | 环丁基 | CF2-CF3 |
CH(CH2-CH3)2 | CF3 | 1-(三氟甲基)环丙基 | CF2-CF3 |
CH2-CH2-OMe | CF3 | 1-(三氟甲基)环丁基 | CF2-CF3 |
CH(Me)-CH2-OMe | CF3 | 3,3-二氟环丁基 | CF2-CF3 |
C(Me)2-CH2-OMe | CF3 | 环己基 | CF2-CF3 |
R1 | R2 | R1 | R2 |
CH2-C(CH2)Me | CF3 | 环戊基 | CF2-CF3 |
c-Pr(Me) | CF3 | CH2-环丙基 | CF2-CF3 |
CH2-CH2-i-Pr | CF3 | CH2-环丁基 | CF2-CF3 |
CH2-CH2-c-Pr | CF3 | CH2-环戊基 | CF2-CF3 |
CH(Me)-CH(Me)2 | CF3 | CH2-环己基 | CF2-CF3 |
CH2-CHF2 | CF3 | CH2-CH2-SMe | CF2-CF3 |
环丙基 | CF3 | CH2-CH2-S(O)Me | CF2-CF3 |
环丁基 | CF3 | CH2-CH2-SO2Me | CF2-CF3 |
1-(三氟甲基)环丙基 | CF3 | C(Me)2-CH2-SMe | CF2-CF3 |
1-(三氟甲基)环丁基 | CF3 | C(Me)2-CH2-S(O)Me | CF2-CF3 |
3,3-二氟环丁基 | CF3 | C(Me)2-CH2-SO2Me | CF2-CF3 |
环己基 | CF3 | CH2-CF2(Me) | CF2-CF3 |
环戊基 | CF3 | CH2-c-Pr(F2) | CF2-CF3 |
CH2-环丙基 | CF3 | C(Me)2-CO2Me | CF2-CF3 |
CH2-环丁基 | CF3 | c-Pr-CO2Me | CF2-CF3 |
CH2-环戊基 | CF3 | c-Pr-CHF2 | CF2-CF3 |
CH2-环己基 | CF3 | CH2-CH(OMe)2 | CF2-CF3 |
CH2-CH2-SMe | CF3 | C(Me)2-CH2-CN | CF2-CF3 |
CH2-CH2-S(O)Me | CF3 | CH2-NO2 | CF2-CF3 |
CH2-CH2-SO2Me | CF3 | C(Me)2-CH2-tBu | CF2-CF3 |
C(Me)2-CH2-SMe | CF3 | C(Me)2-Ph | CF2-CF3 |
C(Me)2-CH2-S(O)Me | CF3 | Me | CF2-CF2-CF3 |
C(Me)2-CH2-SO2Me | CF3 | Et | CF2-CF2-CF3 |
CH2-CF2(Me) | CF3 | i-Pr | CF2-CF2-CF3 |
CH2-c-Pr(F2) | CF3 | c-Pr | CF2-CF2-CF3 |
C(Me)2-CO2Me | CF3 | n-Pr | CF2-CF2-CF3 |
R1 | R2 | R1 | R2 |
c-Pr-CO2Me | CF3 | t-Bu | CF2-CF2-CF3 |
c-Pr-CHF2 | CF3 | n-Bu | CF2-CF2-CF3 |
CH2-CH(OMe)2 | CF3 | s-Bu | CF2-CF2-CF3 |
C(Me)2-CH2-CN | CF3 | c-Bu | CF2-CF2-CF3 |
CH2-NO2 | CF3 | CH2-CF3 | CF2-CF2-CF3 |
C(Me)2-CH2-tBu | CF3 | CH(Me)-CF3 | CF2-CF2-CF3 |
C(Me)2-Ph | CF3 | CPr-CF3 | CF2-CF2-CF3 |
Me | CHF2 | CH2-CH2-CF3 | CF2-CF2-CF3 |
Et | CHF2 | C(Me)2-CF3 | CF2-CF2-CF3 |
i-Pr | CHF2 | CH2-CHF2-Me | CF2-CF2-CF3 |
c-Pr | CHF2 | CH2-c-Pr | CF2-CF2-CF3 |
n-Pr | CHF2 | CH(Me)-c-Pr | CF2-CF2-CF3 |
t-Bu | CHF2 | C(Me)2-CH2-CH3 | CF2-CF2-CF3 |
n-Bu | CHF2 | CH2-i-Pr | CF2-CF2-CF3 |
s-Bu | CHF2 | CH2-t-Bu | CF2-CF2-CF3 |
c-Bu | CHF2 | CH(Me)-t-Bu | CF2-CF2-CF3 |
CH2-CF3 | CHF2 | C(Me)2-t-Bu | CF2-CF2-CF3 |
CH(Me)-CF3 | CHF2 | 炔丙基 | CF2-CF2-CF3 |
CPr-CF3 | CHF2 | CH2-CH=CH2 | CF2-CF2-CF3 |
CH2-CH2-CF3 | CHF2 | CH(CH2-CH3)2 | CF2-CF2-CF3 |
C(Me)2-CF3 | CHF2 | CH2-CH2-OMe | CF2-CF2-CF3 |
CH2-CHF2-Me | CHF2 | CH(Me)-CH2-OMe | CF2-CF2-CF3 |
CH2-c-Pr | CHF2 | C(Me)2-CH2-OMe | CF2-CF2-CF3 |
CH(Me)-c-Pr | CHF2 | CH2-C(CH2)Me | CF2-CF2-CF3 |
C(Me)2-CH2-CH3 | CHF2 | c-Pr(Me) | CF2-CF2-CF3 |
CH2-i-Pr | CHF2 | CH2-CH2-i-Pr | CF2-CF2-CF3 |
CH2-t-Bu | CHF2 | CH2-CH2-c-Pr | CF2-CF2-CF3 |
CH(Me)-t-Bu | CHF2 | CH(Me)-CH(Me)2 | CF2-CF2-CF3 |
C(Me)2-t-Bu | CHF2 | CH2-CHF2 | CF2-CF2-CF3 |
炔丙基 | CHF2 | 环丙基 | CF2-CF2-CF3 |
R1 | R2 | R1 | R2 |
CH2-CH=CH2 | CHF2 | 环丁基 | CF2-CF2-CF3 |
CH(CH2-CH3)2 | CHF2 | 1-(三氟甲基)环丙基 | CF2-CF2-CF3 |
CH2-CH2-OMe | CHF2 | 1-(三氟甲基)环丁基 | CF2-CF2-CF3 |
CH(Me)-CH2-OMe | CHF2 | 3,3-二氟环丁基 | CF2-CF2-CF3 |
C(Me)2-CH2-OMe | CHF2 | 环己基 | CF2-CF2-CF3 |
CH2-C(CH2)Me | CHF2 | 环戊基 | CF2-CF2-CF3 |
c-Pr(Me) | CHF2 | CH2-环丙基 | CF2-CF2-CF3 |
CH2-CH2-i-Pr | CHF2 | CH2-环丁基 | CF2-CF2-CF3 |
CH2-CH2-c-Pr | CHF2 | CH2-环戊基 | CF2-CF2-CF3 |
CH(Me)-CH(Me)2 | CHF2 | CH2-环己基 | CF2-CF2-CF3 |
CH2-CHF2 | CHF2 | CH2-CH2-SMe | CF2-CF2-CF3 |
环丙基 | CHF2 | CH2-CH2-S(O)Me | CF2-CF2-CF3 |
环丁基 | CHF2 | CH2-CH2-SO2Me | CF2-CF2-CF3 |
1-(三氟甲基)环丙基 | CHF2 | C(Me)2-CH2-SMe | CF2-CF2-CF3 |
1-(三氟甲基)环丁基 | CHF2 | C(Me)2-CH2-S(O)Me | CF2-CF2-CF3 |
3,3-二氟环丁基 | CHF2 | C(Me)2-CH2-SO2Me | CF2-CF2-CF3 |
环己基 | CHF2 | CH2-CF2(Me) | CF2-CF2-CF3 |
环戊基 | CHF2 | CH2-c-Pr(F2) | CF2-CF2-CF3 |
CH2-环丙基 | CHF2 | C(Me)2-CO2Me | CF2-CF2-CF3 |
CH2-环丁基 | CHF2 | c-Pr-CO2Me | CF2-CF2-CF3 |
CH2-环戊基 | CHF2 | c-Pr-CHF2 | CF2-CF2-CF3 |
CH2-环己基 | CHF2 | CH2-CH(OMe)2 | CF2-CF2-CF3 |
CH2-CH2-SMe | CHF2 | C(Me)2-CH2-CN | CF2-CF2-CF3 |
CH2-CH2-S(O)Me | CHF2 | CH2-NO2 | CF2-CF2-CF3 |
R1 | R2 | R1 | R2 |
CH2-CH2-SO2Me | CHF2 | C(Me)2-CH2-tBu | CF2-CF2-CF3 |
C(Me)2-CH2-SMe | CHF2 | C(Me)2-Ph | CF2-CF2-CF3 |
C(Me)2-CH2-S(O)Me | CHF2 | Me | Cl |
C(Me)2-CH2-SO2Me | CHF2 | Et | Cl |
CH2-CF2(Me) | CHF2 | i-Pr | Cl |
CH2-c-Pr(F2) | CHF2 | c-Pr | Cl |
C(Me)2-CO2Me | CHF2 | n-Pr | Cl |
c-Pr-CO2Me | CHF2 | t-Bu | Cl |
c-Pr-CHF2 | CHF2 | n-Bu | Cl |
CH2-CH(OMe)2 | CHF2 | s-Bu | Cl |
C(Me)2-CH2-CN | CHF2 | c-Bu | Cl |
CH2-NO2 | CHF2 | CH2-CF3 | Cl |
C(Me)2-CH2-tBu | CHF2 | CH(Me)-CF3 | Cl |
C(Me)2-Ph | CHF2 | CPr-CF3 | Cl |
Me | C(Cl)F2 | CH2-CH2-CF3 | Cl |
Et | C(Cl)F2 | C(Me)2-CF3 | Cl |
i-Pr | C(Cl)F2 | CH2-CHF2-Me | Cl |
c-Pr | C(Cl)F2 | CH2-c-Pr | Cl |
n-Pr | C(Cl)F2 | CH(Me)-c-Pr | Cl |
t-Bu | C(Cl)F2 | C(Me)2-CH2-CH3 | Cl |
n-Bu | C(Cl)F2 | CH2-i-Pr | Cl |
s-Bu | C(Cl)F2 | CH2-t-Bu | Cl |
c-Bu | C(Cl)F2 | CH(Me)-t-Bu | Cl |
CH2-CF3 | C(Cl)F2 | C(Me)2-t-Bu | Cl |
CH(Me)-CF3 | C(Cl)F2 | 炔丙基 | Cl |
CPr-CF3 | C(Cl)F2 | CH2-CH=CH2 | Cl |
CH2-CH2-CF3 | C(Cl)F2 | CH(CH2-CH3)2 | Cl |
C(Me)2-CF3 | C(Cl)F2 | CH2-CH2-OMe | Cl |
CH2-CHF2-Me | C(Cl)F2 | CH(Me)-CH2-OMe | Cl |
CH2-c-Pr | C(Cl)F2 | C(Me)2-CH2-OMe | Cl |
CH(Me)-c-Pr | C(Cl)F2 | CH2-C(CH2)Me | Cl |
R1 | R2 | R1 | R2 |
C(Me)2-CH2-CH3 | C(Cl)F2 | c-Pr(Me) | Cl |
CH2-i-Pr | C(Cl)F2 | CH2-CH2-i-Pr | Cl |
CH2-t-Bu | C(Cl)F2 | CH2-CH2-c-Pr | Cl |
CH(Me)-t-Bu | C(Cl)F2 | CH(Me)-CH(Me)2 | Cl |
C(Me)2-t-Bu | C(Cl)F2 | CH2-CHF2 | Cl |
炔丙基 | C(Cl)F2 | 环丙基 | Cl |
CH2-CH=CH2 | C(Cl)F2 | 环丁基 | Cl |
CH(CH2-CH3)2 | C(Cl)F2 | 1-(三氟甲基)环丙基 | Cl |
CH2-CH2-OMe | C(Cl)F2 | 1-(三氟甲基)环丁基 | Cl |
CH(Me)-CH2-OMe | C(Cl)F2 | 3,3-二氟环丁基 | Cl |
C(Me)2-CH2-OMe | C(Cl)F2 | 环己基 | Cl |
CH2-C(CH2)Me | C(Cl)F2 | 环戊基 | Cl |
c-Pr(Me) | C(C1)F2 | CH2-环丙基 | Cl |
CH2-CH2-i-Pr | C(Cl)F2 | CH2-环丁基 | Cl |
CH2-CH2-c-Pr | C(Cl)F2 | CH2-环戊基 | Cl |
CH(Me)-CH(Me)2 | C(Cl)F2 | CH2-环己基 | Cl |
CH2-CHF2 | C(Cl)F2 | CH2-CH2-SMe | Cl |
环丙基 | C(Cl)F2 | CH2-CH2-S(O)Me | Cl |
环丁基 | C(Cl)F2 | CH2-CH2-SO2Me | Cl |
1-(三氟甲基)环丙基 | C(Cl)F2 | C(Me)2-CH2-SMe | Cl |
1-(三氟甲基)环丁基 | C(Cl)F2 | C(Me)2-CH2-S(O)Me | Cl |
3,3-二氟环丁基 | C(Cl)F2 | C(Me)2-CH2-SO2Me | Cl |
环己基 | C(Cl)F2 | CH2-CF2(Me) | Cl |
环戊基 | C(Cl)F2 | CH2-c-Pr(F2) | Cl |
CH2-环丙基 | C(Cl)F2 | C(Me)2-CO2Me | Cl |
R1 | R2 | R1 | R2 |
CH2-环丁基 | C(Cl)F2 | c-Pr-CO2Me | Cl |
CH2-环戊基 | C(Cl)F2 | c-Pr-CHF2 | Cl |
CH2-环己基 | C(Cl)F2 | CH2-CH(OMe)2 | Cl |
CH2-CH2-SMe | C(Cl)F2 | C(Me)2-CH2-CN | Cl |
CH2-CH2-S(O)Me | C(Cl)F2 | CH2-NO2 | Cl |
CH2-CH2-SO2Me | C(Cl)F2 | C(Me)2-CH2-tBu | Cl |
C(Me)2-CH2-SMe | C(Cl)F2 | C(Me)2-Ph | Cl |
C(Me)2-CH2-S(O)Me | C(Cl)F2 | Me | Br |
C(Me)2-CH2-SO2Me | C(Cl)F2 | Et | Br |
CH2-CF2(Me) | C(Cl)F2 | i-Pr | Br |
CH2-c-Pr(F2) | C(Cl)F2 | c-Pr | Br |
C(Me)2-CO2Me | C(Cl)F2 | n-Pr | Br |
c-Pr-CO2Me | C(Cl)F2 | t-Bu | Br |
c-Pr-CHF2 | C(Cl)F2 | n-Bu | Br |
CH2-CH(OMe)2 | C(Cl)F2 | s-Bu | Br |
C(Me)2-CH2-CN | C(Cl)F2 | c-Bu | Br |
CH2-NO2 | C(Cl)F2 | CH2-CF3 | Br |
C(Me)2-CH2-tBu | C(Cl)F2 | CH(Me)-CF3 | Br |
C(Me)2-Ph | C(Cl)F2 | CPr-CF3 | Br |
Me | CF2-CF3 | CH2-CH2-CF3 | Br |
Et | CF2-CF3 | C(Me)2-CF3 | Br |
i-Pr | CF2-CF3 | CH2-CHF2-Me | Br |
c-Pr | CF2-CF3 | CH2-c-Pr | Br |
n-Pr | CF2-CF3 | CH(Me)-c-Pr | Br |
t-Bu | CF2-CF3 | C(Me)2-CH2-CH3 | Br |
n-Bu | CF2-CF3 | CH2-i-Pr | Br |
s-Bu | CF2-CF3 | CH2-t-Bu | Br |
c-Bu | CF2-CF3 | CH(Me)-t-Bu | Br |
CH2-CF3 | CF2-CF3 | C(Me)2-t-Bu | Br |
CH(Me)-CF3 | CF2-CF3 | 炔丙基 | Br |
R1 | R2 | R1 | R2 |
1-(三氟甲基)环丙基 | Br | C(Me)2-CO2Me | Br |
1-(三氟甲基)环丁基 | Br | c-Pr-CO2Me | Br |
3,3-二氟环丁基 | Br | c-Pr-CHF2 | Br |
环己基 | Br | CH2-CH(OMe)2 | Br |
环戊基 | Br | C(Me)2-CH2-CN | Br |
C(Me)2-CH2-tBu | Br | CH2-NO2 | Br |
C(Me)2-Ph | Br |
表1b
表1b与表1a相同,除了标题“表1a”下示出的结构被以上所示的结构替换。
表1c
表1c与表1a相同,除了标题“表1a”下示出的结构被以上所示的结构替换。
表1d
表1d与表1a相同,除了标题“表1a”下示出的结构被以上所示的结构替换。
表1e
表1e与表1a相同,除了标题“表1a”下示出的结构被以上所示的结构替换。
表1f
表1f与表1a相同,除了标题“表1a”下示出的结构被以上所示的结构替换。
表1g
表1g与表1a相同,除了标题“表1a”下示出的结构被以上所示的结构替换。
表1h
表1h与表1a相同,除了标题“表1a”下示出的结构被以上所示的结构替换。
表1i
表1i与表1a相同,除了标题“表1a”下示出的结构被以上所示的结构替换。
表1j
表1j与表1a相同,除了标题“表1a”下示出的结构被以上所示的结构替换。
制剂/效用
本披露的化合物一般将用作组合物(即制剂)中的无脊椎有害生物防治活性成分,其中至少一种选自由表面活性剂、固体稀释剂和液体稀释剂组成的组的附加组分,用作载体。选择该制剂或组合物成分,以与活性成分的物理特性、施用模式和环境因素诸如土壤类型、水分和温度一致。
有用的制剂包括液体和固体组合物二者。液体组合物包括任选地可以被稠化成凝胶的溶液(包括可乳化的浓缩物)、悬浮液、乳液(包括微乳液、水包油乳液、可流动的浓缩物和/或悬浮乳液)等。水性液体组合物的一般类型为可溶性浓缩物、悬浮液浓缩物、胶囊悬浮液、浓缩乳液、微乳液、水包油乳液、可流动的浓缩物和悬浮乳液。非水性液体组合物的一般类型为可乳化的浓缩物、可微乳化的浓缩物、可分散的浓缩物和油分散体。
固体组合物的一般类型为粉剂、粉末、颗粒剂、球剂、粒料、锭剂、片剂、填充膜(包括种子包衣)等,它们可以是水可分散的(“可湿性的”)或水溶性的。由成膜溶液或可流动的悬浮液形成的膜和包衣特别可用于种子处理。活性成分可以被(微)包封并进一步形成为悬浮液或固体制剂;可替代地,活性成分的整个制剂可以被包封(或“包覆”)。包封可以控制或延迟活性成分的释放。可乳化的颗粒剂结合了可乳化的浓缩物制剂和干颗粒制剂两者的优点。高强度组合物主要用作进一步制剂的中间体。
可喷雾的制剂典型地在喷雾之前分散在合适的介质中。此类液体和固体制剂被配制成在喷雾介质,通常为水,但偶尔是另一种合适介质像芳族烃或石蜡烃或植物油中易于稀释的。喷雾容量的范围可以为每公顷从约一升至几千升,但更典型地为在每公顷从约十至几百升的范围内。可喷雾的制剂可与水或另一种合适的介质桶混,用于通过空气或地面施用来进行叶处理,或用于施用到植株的生长介质中。液体和干制剂可以直接计量加入滴灌系统中,或在种植期间计量加入垄沟中。液体和固体制剂可在种植之前作为种子处理施用到作物和其他期望的植被的种子,以通过内吸吸收保护发育中的根和其他地面下的植株部分和/或叶子。
将本文所披露的组合物分散到目标区域(诸如但不限于含有作物的大田)的一种方式是使用无人机。无人机或无人驾驶飞行器(UAV)在农业应用中的用途(诸如用于用化学产品处理大田)正在迅速扩大。化学产品的容器耦合至UAV,并且材料分配系统安装在UAV上,并且UAV在分配化学产品时在待处理区域上方飞行。
制剂典型地将含有总计达100重量百分比的在以下近似范围内的有效量的活性成分、稀释剂和表面活性剂。
固体稀释剂包括,例如,粘土(诸如膨润土、蒙脱土、凹凸棒石和高岭土)、石膏、纤维素、二氧化钛、氧化锌、淀粉、糊精、糖(例如,乳糖、蔗糖)、二氧化硅、滑石、云母、硅藻土、尿素、碳酸钙、碳酸钠和碳酸氢钠、以及硫酸钠。典型的固体稀释剂在Watkins等人,Handbook of Insecticide Dust Diluents andCarriers[杀昆虫剂粉剂稀释剂和载体手册],第2版,Dorland Books,Caldwell,New Jersey[考德威尔,新泽西州]中有所描述。
液体稀释剂包括,例如水、N,N-二甲基烷酰胺(例如,N,N-二甲基甲酰胺)、柠檬烯、二甲基亚砜、N-烷基吡咯烷酮(例如,N-甲基吡咯烷酮)、磷酸烷基酯(例如,磷酸三乙酯)、乙二醇、三甘醇、丙二醇、二丙二醇、聚丙二醇、碳酸亚丙酯、碳酸亚丁酯、石蜡(例如白矿物油、正链烷烃、异链烷烃)、烷基苯、烷基萘、甘油、三乙酸甘油酯、山梨醇、芳烃、脱芳构化脂族化合物、烷基苯、烷基萘、酮,诸如环己酮、2-庚酮、异佛尔酮和4-羟基-4-甲基-2-戊酮,乙酸酯,诸如乙酸异戊酯、乙酸己酯、乙酸庚酯、乙酸辛酯、乙酸壬酯、乙酸十三烷基酯和乙酸异冰片酯,其他酯,诸如烷基化乳酸酯、二元酯、苯甲酸烷基和芳基酯、γ-丁内酯,以及可以是直链、支链、饱和或不饱和的醇,诸如甲醇、乙醇,正丙醇、异丙醇、正丁醇、异丁醇、正己醇、2-乙基己醇、正辛醇、癸醇、异癸醇、异十八烷醇、鲸蜡醇、月桂醇、十三烷醇、油醇、环己醇、四氢糠醇、双丙酮醇、甲酚和苄醇。液体稀释剂还包括饱和的和不饱和的脂肪酸(典型地为C6-C22)的甘油酯,如植物种子和果实油(例如,橄榄油、蓖麻油、亚麻籽油、芝麻油、玉米油(玉蜀黍油)、花生油、葵花籽油、葡萄籽油、红花油、棉籽油、大豆油、油菜籽油、椰子油和棕榈仁油),动物源脂肪(例如,牛脂、猪脂、猪油、鱼肝油、鱼油),以及其混合物。液体稀释剂还包括烷基化(例如甲基化、乙基化、丁基化)脂肪酸,其中脂肪酸可以通过来自植物和动物来源的甘油酯的水解获得,并且可通过蒸馏纯化。典型的液体稀释剂在Marsden,SolventsGuide[溶剂指南],第2版,Interscience,New York[纽约],1950中进行描述。
本披露的固体和液体组合物经常包括一种或多种表面活性剂。当添加到液体中时,表面活性剂(surfactant,也称为“表面活性剂(surface-active agent)”)通常改变、最经常地降低液体的表面张力。根据表面活性剂分子中的亲水和亲脂基团的性质,表面活性剂可用作润湿剂、分散剂、乳化剂或消泡剂。
表面活性剂可以分类为非离子的、阴离子的或阳离子的。可用于本发明组合物的非离子表面活性剂包括但不限于:醇烷氧基化物,诸如基于天然醇和合成醇(其可以是支链或直链的)并且由醇和环氧乙烷、环氧丙烷、环氧丁烷或其混合物制备的醇烷氧基化物;胺乙氧基化物、链烷醇酰胺和乙氧基化链烷醇酰胺;烷氧基化甘油三酯,诸如乙氧基化的大豆油、蓖麻油和油菜籽油;烷基酚烷氧基化物,诸如辛基酚乙氧基化物、壬基酚乙氧基化物、二壬基酚乙氧基化物和十二烷基酚乙氧基化物(由苯酚和环氧乙烷、环氧丙烷、环氧丁烷或其混合物制备);由环氧乙烷或环氧丙烷制备的嵌段聚合物和其中末端嵌段由环氧丙烷制备的反式嵌段聚合物;乙氧基化脂肪酸;乙氧基化脂肪酯和油;乙氧基化甲酯;乙氧基化三苯乙烯基酚(包括由环氧乙烷、环氧丙烷、环氧丁烷或其混合物制备的那些);脂肪酸酯、甘油酯、羊毛脂基衍生物、聚乙氧基化酯(诸如聚乙氧基化脱水山梨糖醇脂肪酸酯、聚乙氧基化山梨糖醇脂肪酸酯和聚乙氧基化甘油脂肪酸酯);其他脱水山梨糖醇衍生物诸如脱水山梨糖醇酯;聚合物表面活性剂,诸如无规共聚物、嵌段共聚物、醇酸peg(聚乙二醇)树脂、接枝或梳形聚合物以及星形聚合物;聚乙二醇(peg);聚乙二醇脂肪酸酯;硅酮基表面活性剂;和糖衍生物,诸如蔗糖酯、烷基多糖苷和烷基多糖。
有用的阴离子表面活性剂包括但不限于:烷基芳基磺酸及其盐;羧化的醇或烷基酚乙氧基化物;二苯基磺酸酯衍生物;木质素和木质素衍生物,诸如木质素磺酸盐;马来酸或琥珀酸或它们的酸酐;烯烃磺酸酯;磷酸酯,诸如醇烷氧基化物的磷酸酯,烷基酚烷氧基化物的磷酸酯和苯乙烯基酚乙氧基化物的磷酸酯;蛋白质基表面活性剂;肌氨酸衍生物;苯乙烯基酚醚硫酸盐;油和脂肪酸的硫酸盐和磺酸盐;乙氧基化烷基酚的硫酸盐和磺酸盐;醇的硫酸盐;乙氧基化醇的硫酸盐;胺和酰胺的磺酸盐,诸如N,N-烷基牛磺酸盐;苯、枯烯、甲苯、二甲苯以及十二烷基苯和十三烷基苯的磺酸盐;缩聚萘的磺酸盐;萘和烷基萘的磺酸盐;石油级份的磺酸盐;磺基琥珀酰胺酸盐;以及磺基琥珀酸盐和它们的衍生物,诸如二烷基磺基琥珀酸盐。
有用的阳离子表面活性剂包括但不限于:酰胺和乙氧基化酰胺;胺诸如N-烷基丙二胺、三亚丙基三胺和二亚丙基四胺,和乙氧基化胺、乙氧基化二胺以及丙氧基化胺(由胺和环氧乙烷、环氧丙烷、环氧丁烷或它们的混合物制备);胺盐诸如乙酸铵和二胺盐;季铵盐诸如季盐、乙氧基化季盐和二季盐;以及胺氧化物,诸如烷基二甲基胺氧化物和双-(2-羟乙基)-烷基胺氧化物。
还可用于本发明组合物的是非离子表面活性剂和阴离子表面活性剂的混合物、或非离子表面活性剂和阳离子表面活性剂的混合物。非离子表面活性剂、阴离子表面活性剂和阳离子表面活性剂以及它们的推荐用途披露于多个已披露的参考文献中,包括由TheManufacturing Confectioner Publishing Co.[糖果制造商出版公司],McCutcheon分部出版的McCutcheon’s Emulsifiers and Detergents[McCutcheon的乳化剂和清洁剂],annual American and International Editions[美国和国际年度版];Sisely和Wood,Encyclopedia of Surface Active Agents[表面活性剂百科全书],Chemical Publ.Co.,Inc.[化学出版有限公司],纽约,1964;以及A.S.Davidson和B.Milwidsky,SyntheticDetergents[合成洗涤剂],第七版,John Wileyand Sons[约翰威利父子公司],纽约,1987。
本披露的组合物还可包含本领域技术人员已知为辅助制剂的制剂助剂和添加剂(其中一些也可被认为是起到固体稀释剂、液体稀释剂或表面活性剂作用)。此类制剂助剂和添加剂可控制:pH(缓冲剂)、加工过程中的起泡(消泡剂,诸如聚有机硅氧烷)、活性成分的沉降(悬浮剂)、粘度(触变增稠剂)、容器内的微生物生长(抗微生物剂)、产品冷冻(防冻剂)、颜色(染料/颜料分散体)、洗脱(成膜剂或粘着剂)、蒸发(蒸发阻滞剂)、以及其他制剂属性。成膜剂包括例如聚乙酸乙烯酯、聚乙酸乙烯酯共聚物、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物、聚乙烯醇、聚乙烯醇共聚物和蜡。制剂助剂和添加剂的实例包括以下中列出的那些:由Manufacturing Confectioner出版公司的McCutcheon分部出版的McCutcheon’sVolume 2:Functional Materials[McCutcheon的第2卷:功能材料],annualInternational and North American editions[国际和北美年度版];和PCT公开WO 03/024222。
典型地通过将活性成分溶于溶剂中或者通过在液体或干稀释剂中研磨将式1或式1’的化合物和任何其他活性成分掺入本发明组合物中。可通过简单地混合这些成分来制备包括可乳化的浓缩物的溶液。如果旨在用作可乳化的浓缩物的液体组合物的溶剂是与水不混溶的,则典型地添加乳化剂以使含有活性成分的溶剂在用水稀释时乳化。粒径最高达2,000μm的活性成分浆料可以使用介质磨机进行湿法碾磨,以得到平均粒径低于3μm的颗粒。水性浆料可以制成成品悬浮剂(参见,例如,U.S.3,060,084)或通过喷雾干燥进一步加工以形成水可分散的颗粒剂。干制剂通常需要干碾磨过程,产生在2至10μm范围内的平均粒径。粉剂和粉末可以通过共混并且通常通过研磨(例如用锤磨机或流能磨)来制备。可以通过将活性物质喷雾在预成形的颗粒剂载体上或者通过附聚技术来制备颗粒剂和球剂。参见,Browning,“Agglomeration[附聚]”,Chemical Engineering[化学工程],1967年12月4日,第147-48页;Perry’s Chemical Engineer’s Handbook[佩里化学工程师手册],第4版,McGraw-Hill[麦格劳希尔集团],纽约,1963,第8-57页及其后页,以及WO 91/13546。球剂可以如U.S.4,172,714中所述制备。水可分散的和水溶性的颗粒剂可如在U.S.4,144,050、U.S.3,920,442和DE 3,246,493中教导的来制备。片剂可以如在U.S.5,180,587、U.S.5,232,701和U.S.5,208,030中所教导的来制备。膜可以如在GB 2,095,558和U.S.3,299,566中所教导的来制备。
关于制剂领域的进一步信息,参见T.S.Woods,Pesticide Chemistry andBioscience,The Food-Environment Challenge[农药化学与生物科学,食品与环境挑战]中的“The Formulator’s Toolbox-Product Forms for Modern Agriculture[制剂工具箱-现代农业产品形式]”,T.Brooks和T.R.Roberts编辑,Proceedings of the9thInternational Congress on Pesticide Chemistry[第九届农药化学国际会议论文集],The Royal Society of Chemistry[英国皇家化学学会],剑桥,1999,第120-133页。还参见U.S.3,235,361,第6栏,第16行至第7栏,第19行和实例10-41;U.S.3,309,192,第5栏,第43行至第7栏,第62行和实例8、12、15、39、41、52、53、58、132、138-140、162-164、166、167和169-182;U.S.2,891,855,第3栏,第66行至第5栏,第17行和实例1-4;Klingman,WeedControl as a Science[杂草控制科学],John Wiley and Sons,Inc.[约翰威利父子公司],纽约,1961,第81-96页;Hance等人,Weed Control Handbook[杂草防治手册],第8版,Blackwell Scientific Publications[布莱克威尔科学出版社],牛津,1989;和Developments in formulation technology[制剂技术的发展],PJB Publications[PJB出版公司],英国里士满,2000。
在以下实例中,所有制剂均以常规的方式制备。化合物编号是指索引表A中的化合物。无需进一步详尽说明,据信本领域技术人员使用前述说明可将本披露利用至其最大程度。因此,以下实例应被解释为仅是说明性的,并且不以任何方式限制本披露。除非另外说明,否则百分比按重量计。
实例A
高强度浓缩物
化合物1 98.5%
二氧化硅气凝胶 0.5%
合成无定形精细二氧化硅 1.0%
实例B
可湿性粉末
实例C
颗粒剂
化合物1 10.0%
凹凸棒石颗粒剂(低挥发性物质,0.71/0.30mm; 90.0%
U.S.S.号25-50筛)
实例D
挤出球剂
实例E
可乳化的浓缩物
化合物1 10.0%聚氧乙烯山梨醇六油酸酯20.0%
C6-C10脂肪酸甲酯70.0%
实例F
微乳液
实例G
种子处理
实例H肥料棒
实例I悬浮剂
实例J在水中的乳液
实例K
油分散体
实例L
悬浮乳液
本披露的化合物表现出针对广谱的无脊椎有害生物的活性。这些有害生物包括栖息在各种环境中的无脊椎动物,这些环境例如像植物的叶子、根、土壤、收获的作物或其他食品、建筑结构或动物皮肤(integument)。这些有害生物包括,例如,以叶子(包括叶、茎、花和果实)、种子、木材、纺织纤维或动物血液或组织为食并因此对例如生长中或储存的农学作物、森林、温室作物、观赏植物、苗圃作物、储存食品和纤维产品、或房屋或其他结构或它们的内容物造成伤害或损害,或对动物健康或公共健康有害的无脊椎动物。本领域技术人员将理解,并不是所有的化合物对所有有害生物的所有生长阶段都是同等有效的。
因此,这些本发明的化合物和组合物在农学上可用于保护大田作物免受植食性无脊椎有害生物的侵害,并且在非农学上也可用于保护其他园艺作物和植株免受植食性无脊椎有害生物的侵害。该效用包括保护含有通过基因工程(即转基因)引入或通过诱变改性的遗传物质的作物和其他植物(即,农学和非农学的),以提供有利性状。此类性状的实例包括对除草剂耐受、对植食性有害生物(例如,昆虫、螨虫、蚜虫、蜘蛛、线虫、蜗牛、植物病原真菌、细菌和病毒)具有抗性、植物生长得到改善、对不利生长条件(诸如高温或低温、低土壤水分或高土壤水分、和高盐度)的耐受性增加、开花或结果增加、收获产量更大、成熟更快、收获产品的质量和/或营养价值更高、或收获产品的储存或加工特性得到改善。转基因植物可被改性以表达多种性状。含有由遗传工程或诱变提供的性状的植物的实例包括表达苏云金芽孢杆菌杀昆虫毒素的玉米、棉花、大豆和马铃薯品种,诸如YIELD和INVICTA RR2PROTM,和耐除草剂的玉米、棉花、大豆和菜籽品种,诸如LIBERTY和以及表达N-乙酰转移酶(GAT)以提供对草甘膦除草剂的抗性的作物、或含有提供对抑制乙酰乳酸合成酶(ALS)的除草剂的抗性的HRA基因的作物。本发明的化合物和组合物可表现出通过遗传工程引入或通过诱变改性的性状的增强效应,从而增强性状的表型表达或有效性,或增加本发明化合物和组合物的无脊椎有害生物防治有效性。特别地,本发明的化合物和组合物可表现出蛋白质或对无脊椎有害生物有毒的其他天然产品的表型表达的增强效应,以提供对这些有害生物的大于加性的防治。
本披露的组合物还可任选地包含植物营养素,例如,肥料组合物,该肥料组合物包含至少一种选自氮、磷、钾、硫、钙、镁、铁、铜、硼、锰、锌和钼的植物营养素。值得注意的是包含至少一种肥料组合物的组合物,该至少一种肥料组合物包含至少一种选自氮、磷、钾、硫、钙和镁的植物营养素。进一步包含至少一种植物营养素的本披露组合物可以是液体或固体的形式。值得注意的是颗粒剂、小棒或片剂形式的固体制剂。可通过将本披露的化合物或组合物与肥料组合物以及制剂成分混合,然后通过诸如造粒或挤压的方法制备制剂来制备包含肥料组合物的固体制剂。可替代地,可通过将本披露的化合物或组合物在挥发性溶剂中的溶液或悬浮液喷雾在先前制备的尺寸稳定的混合物(例如,颗粒剂、小棒或片剂)形式的肥料组合物上,然后将溶剂蒸发来制备固体制剂。
非农学用途是指在作物植株大田以外的地区的无脊椎有害生物防治。本发明的化合物和组合物的非农学用途包括在储存的谷物、豆类和其他食品以及纺织品诸如衣服和地毯中的无脊椎有害生物防治。本发明的化合物和组合物的非农学用途还包括在观赏植物、森林、庭院、路边和铁路用地以及草皮诸如草坪、高尔夫球场和牧场中的无脊椎有害生物防治。本发明的化合物和组合物的非农学用途还包括在房屋和可能被人类和/或伴侣动物、农场动物、牧场动物、动物园动物或其他动物占据的其他建筑物中的无脊椎有害生物防治。本发明的化合物和组合物的非农学用途还包括可能损害建筑物中使用的木材或其他结构材料的有害生物诸如白蚁的防治。
本发明的化合物和组合物的非农学用途还包括通过防治寄生的或传播感染性疾病的无脊椎有害生物来保护人类和动物健康。对动物寄生虫的防治包括防治寄生在宿主动物体表(例如,肩部、腋窝、腹部、大腿内侧)的外部寄生虫和寄生在宿主动物体内(例如,胃、肠、肺、静脉、皮下、淋巴组织)的内部寄生虫。外部寄生的或传播疾病的有害生物包括,例如,恙螨(chigger)、蜱虫(tick)、虱、蚊子、蝇、螨虫和跳蚤。内部寄生虫包括心丝虫、钩虫和蠕虫。本披露的化合物和组合物适用于全身性和/或非全身性防治动物上寄生虫的侵害或感染。本披露的化合物和组合物特别适用于对抗外部寄生的或传播疾病的有害生物。本披露的化合物和组合物适用于对抗侵害以下动物的寄生虫:农业工作动物,诸如牛、羊、山羊、马、猪、驴、骆驼、水牛、兔子、母鸡、火鸡、鸭子、鹅和蜜蜂;宠物动物和家养动物,诸如狗、猫、宠物鸟和水族馆鱼类;以及所谓的实验动物,诸如仓鼠、豚鼠、大鼠和小鼠。通过对抗这些寄生虫,降低了死亡率和性能下降(在肉、奶、羊毛、毛皮、蛋、蜂蜜等方面),因此施加包含本披露的化合物的组合物允许更经济且简单的动物饲养。
农学或非农学无脊椎有害生物的实例包括鳞翅目的卵、幼虫和成虫,诸如夜蛾科(Noctuidae)的粘虫(armyworm)、切根虫(cutworm)、尺蠖(looper)和实夜蛾亚科(heliothine)(例如,稻蛀茎夜蛾(pink stem borer)(大螟(Sesamiainferens Walker))、玉米钻心虫(corn stalk borer)(蛀茎夜蛾(Sesamia nonagrioidesLefebvre))、南方粘虫(southern armyworm)(南方灰翅夜蛾(Spodoptera eridaniaCramer))、秋粘虫(草地贪夜蛾(Spodoptera frugiperda J.E.Smith))、甜菜夜蛾(beet armyworm,SpodopteraexiguaHübner)、棉叶虫(cotton leafworm)(海灰翅夜蛾(Spodoptera littoralisBoisduval))、黄条粘虫(yellowstriped armyworm,Spodoptera ornithogalli Guenée)、小地老虎(black cutworm,Agrotis ipsilonHufnagel)、藜豆夜蛾(velvetbeancaterpillar,Anticarsia gemmatalis Hübner)、绿果夜蛾(green fruitworm)(绿果冬夜蛾(Lithophane antennata Walker))、甘蓝夜蛾(cabbage armyworm,Barathra brassicaeLinnaeus)、大豆尺蠖(soybean looper)(大豆夜蛾(Pseudoplusia includens Walker))、粉纹夜蛾(cabbage looper,Trichoplusia ni Hübner)、烟青虫(tobacco budworm)(烟芽夜蛾(Heliothis virescensFabricius)));来自螟蛾科(Pyralidae)的螟虫(borer)、鞘蛾(casebearer)、结网虫(webworm)、球果虫(coneworm)、甘蓝虫(cabbageworm)和雕叶虫(skeletonizer)(例如,欧洲玉米螟(European corn borer,Ostrinia nubilalis Hübner)、脐橙螟(navelorangeworm)(脐橙螟蛾(Amyelois transitella Walker))、玉米根结网虫(corn rootwebworm)(玉米根螟(Crambus caliginosellus Clemens))、草地螟(sodwebworms)(螟蛾科:草螟亚科(Crambinae)),诸如草地螟(sod worm)(稻切叶野螟(Herpetogramma licarsisalis Walker))、甘蔗二点螟(sugarcane stem borer)(粟灰螟(Chilo infuscatellus Snellen))、番茄小钻蛀虫(tomato small borer,Neoleucinodeselegantalis Guenée)、绿卷叶螟(green leafroller)(稻纵卷叶螟(Cnaphalocrocismedinalis))、葡萄卷叶虫(grape leaffolder)(葡萄野螟(Desmiafuneralis Hübner))、甜瓜野螟(melon worm)(黄瓜绢野螟(Diaphania nitidalisStoll))、甘蓝芯蛴螬(cabbage center grub,Helluala hydralis Guenée)、三化螟(yellow stem borer,Scirpophaga incertulas Walker)、早期嫩梢蛀虫(early shootborer)(蔗螟(Scirpophaga infuscatellus Snellen))、稻白螟(white stem borer,Scirpophagainnotata Walker)、顶部嫩梢蛀虫(top shoot borer)(甘庶白螟(Scirpophaga nivellaFabricius))、黑头稻螟(dark-headed rice borer,Chilopolychrysus Meyrick)、条纹稻螟(striped riceborer)(二化螟(Chilo suppressalisWalker))、大菜螟(cabbagecluster caterpillar,Crocidolomia binotalis English));卷蛾科(Tortricidae)的卷叶虫(leafroller)、卷夜蛾(budworm)、种子蠕虫(seed worm)和果实蠕虫(fruit worm)(例如,苹果蠹蛾(codling moth,Cydia pomonella Linnaeus)、葡萄卷叶蛾(grapeberry moth)(萄果实蛀虫(Endopiza viteana Clemens))、梨小食心虫(oriental fruitmoth,Grapholita molesta Busck)、苹果异形小卷蛾(citrus falsecodling moth,Cryptophlebia leucotreta Meyrick)、柑橘天牛(citrus borer,Ecdytolopha aurantianaLima)、红带卷蛾(redbanded leafroller,Argyrotaeniavelutinana Walker)、斜带卷叶蛾(obliquebanded leafroller)(蔷薇斜条卷叶蛾(Choristoneura rosaceanaHarris))、苹果浅褐卷叶蛾(light brown apple moth,Epiphyas postvittana Walker)、欧洲葡萄小卷叶蛾(European grape berry moth)(女贞细卷蛾(Eupoeciliaambiguella Hübner))、苹果顶芽卷叶蛾(apple bud moth)(褐卷蛾(Pandemispyrusana Kearfott))、杂食卷叶蛾(omnivorous leafroller,PlatynotastultanaWalsingham)、葡萄褐卷蛾(barred fruit-tree tortrix,Pandemis cerasana Hübner)、苹果褐卷蛾(apple brown tortrix,Pandemis heparana Denis&Schiffermüller));和许多其他经济上重要的鳞翅目(例如,小菜蛾(小菜蛾(PlutellaxylostellaLinnaeus))、棉红铃虫(pink bollworm,Pectinophora gossypiellaSaunders)、舞毒蛾(gypsy moth,Lymantria dispar Linnaeus)、桃小食心虫(peach fruitborer,Carposina niponensis Walsingham)、桃条麦蛾(peach twig borer,AnarsialineatellaZeller)、马铃薯块茎蛾(potato tuberworm,Phthorimaea operculellaZeller)、斑点绦虫状潜叶蛾(spotted teniform leafminer)(斑幕潜叶蛾(LithocolletisblancardellaFabricius))、苹果金纹细蛾(Asiatic apple leafminer)(金纹细蛾(Lithocolletisringoniella Matsumura))、稻纵卷叶螟(rice leaffolder)(美洲稻弄蝶(Lerodea eufalaEdwards))、苹果潜叶蛾(apple leafminer)(旋纹潜叶蛾(LeucopterascitellaZeller)));蜚蠊目的卵、若虫和成虫,包括来自姬蜚蠊科(Blattellidae)和蜚蠊科(Blattidae)的蟑螂(例如,东方蟑螂(oriental cockroach)(东方蜚蠊(Blattaorientalis Linnaeus))、亚洲蟑螂(Asian cockroach)(亚洲蜚蠊(BlatellaasahinaiMizukubo))、德国蟑螂(German cockroach)(德国小蠊(BlattellagermanicaLinnaeus))、棕带蟑螂(brownbanded cockroach)(长须蜚蠊(SupellalongipalpaFabricius))、美洲蟑螂(American cockroach)(美洲大蠊(PeriplanetaamericanaLinnaeus))、褐色蟑螂(brown cockroach)(褐色大蠊(PeriplanetabrunneaBurmeister))、马德拉蟑螂(Madeira cockroach)(马德拉蜚蠊(LeucophaeamaderaeFabricius))、黑胸天蠊(smoky brown cockroach)(黑胸大蠊(PeriplanetafuliginosaService))、澳洲蟑螂(Australian Cockroach)(澳洲大蠊(PeriplanetaaustralasiaeFabr.))、龙虾蟑螂(lobster cockroach)(灰色蜚蠊(Nauphoeta cinereaOlivier))和光滑蟑螂(smooth cockroach)(淡色歪尾蠊(Symploce pallensStephens)));鞘翅目的卵、取食叶、取食果实、取食根、取食种子和取食囊泡组织的幼虫和成虫,包括来自长角象虫科(Anthribidae)、豆象科(Bruchidae)和象虫科(Curculionidae)的象鼻虫(weevil)(例如,棉铃象甲(boll weevil)(墨西哥棉铃象(AnthonomusgrandisBoheman))、稻水象甲(rice water weevil,Lissorhoptrus oryzophilusKuschel)、谷象(granary weevil,Sitophilus granarius Linnaeus)、米象(rice weevil,Sitophilusoryzae Linnaeus)、早熟禾象鼻虫(annual bluegrass weevil,ListronotusmaculicollisDietz)、早熟禾谷象甲(bluegrass billbug)(牧草长喙象(SphenophorusparvulusGyllenhal))、狩猎谷象(hunting billbug)(猎长喙象(Sphenophorusvenatusvestitus))、丹佛谷象(Denver billbug)(丹佛长喙象(SphenophoruscicatristriatusFahraeus)));叶甲科(Chrysomelidae)的跳甲(flea beetle)、黄守瓜(cucumberbeetle)、根虫(rootworm)、叶甲(leaf beetle)、马铃薯甲虫(potato beetle)和潜叶虫(leafminer)(例如,科罗拉多马铃薯甲虫(Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say)、西方玉米根虫(Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte));来自金龟子科(Scarabaeidae)的金龟子和其他甲虫(例如,日本丽金龟(Japanese beetle,Popilliajaponica Newman)、东方丽金龟(oriental beetle,Anomala orientalis Waterhouse、Exomala orientalis(Waterhouse)Baraud)、北方独角仙(northern masked chafer)(北方圆头犀金龟(Cyclocephala borealis Arrow))、南方独角仙(southern maskedchafer)(南方圆头犀金龟(Cyclocephala immaculata Olivier或C.lurida Bland))、蜣螂(dung beetle)和蛴螬(white grub)(蜉金龟属(Aphodius)物种)、黑色草坪草金龟(black turfgrass ataenius)(黑绒金龟(Ataenius spretulus Haldeman))、绿色六月金龟(green June beetle)(绿花金龟(Cotinis nitida Linnaeus))、亚洲花园甲虫(Asiatic garden beetle)(栗色绒金龟(Maladera castanea Arrow))、五月/六月鰓角金龟(May/June beetles)(六月鳃角金龟属(Phyllophaga)物种)和欧洲金龟子(European chafer)(欧洲鳃角金龟(Rhizotrogusmajalis Razoumowsky)));来自皮蠹科(Dermestidae)的红缘皮蠹(carpet beetle);来自叩甲科(Elateridae)的金针虫(wireworm);来自棘胫小蠹科(Scolytidae)的小蠹(barkbeetle)和来自拟步甲科(Tenebrionidae)的面粉甲虫(flour beetle)。
另外,农学和非农学有害生物包括:革翅目的卵、成虫和幼虫,包括来自球螋科(Forficulidae)的蠼螋(earwig)(例如,欧洲蠼螋(European earwig)(地蜈蚣(Forficulaauricularia Linnaeus))、黑蠼螋(black earwig,Chelisoches morioFabricius));半翅目(Hemiptera)的卵、幼虫、成虫和若虫,诸如来自盲蝽科(Miridae)的盲蝽(plant bug)、来自蝉科(Cicadidae)的蝉(cicada)、来自大叶蝉科(Cicadellidae)的叶蝉(leafhopper)(例如,小绿叶蝉属(Empoasca)物种)、来自臭虫科(Cimicidae)的臭虫(bed bug)(例如,温带臭虫(Cimex lectulariusLinnaeus))、来自蜡蝉科(Fulgoridae)和飞虱科(Delphacidae)的飞虱(planthopper)、来自角蝉科(Membracidae)的角蝉(treehopper)、来自扁木虱科(Liviidae)、木虱科(Psyllidae)和个木虱科(Triozidae)的木虱(psyllid)、来自粉虱科(Aleyrodidae)的粉虱(whiteflies)、来自蚜科(Aphididae)的蚜虫、来自根瘤蚜科(Phylloxeridae)的根瘤蚜(phylloxera)、来自粉蚧科(Pseudococcidae)的粉蚧(mealybug)、来自蚧科(Coccidae)、盾蚧科(Diaspididae)和绵蚧科(Margarodidae)的介壳虫(scale)、来自网蝽科(Tingidae)的网蝽(lace bug)、来自蝽科(Pentatomidae)的蝽象(stink bug)、来自长蝽科(Lygaeidae)的长蝽(chinch bug)(例如,毛长蝽(Blissusleucopterus hirtus Montandon)和南部长蝽(Blissus insularis Barber))和其他来自长蝽科的籽长蝽(seed bug)、来自沫蝉科(Cercopidae)的沫蝉(spittlebug)、来自缘蝽科(Coreidae)的缘蝽(squash bug)以及来自红蝽科(Pyrrhocoridae)的红蝽(red bug)和棉红蝽(cotton stainer)。
农学和非农学有害生物还包括:蜱螨目(Acari)(螨虫)的卵、幼虫、若虫和成虫,如叶螨科(Tetranychidae)的叶螨(spider mite)和红螨(red mite)(例如,欧洲红螨(Panonychus ulmi Koch)、二斑叶螨(Tetranychus urticae Koch)、迈叶螨(Tetranychusmcdanieli McGregor));细须螨科(Tenuipalpidae)的短须螨(flat mite)(例如,葡萄短须螨(citrus flat mite)(刘氏短须螨(Brevipalpus lewisiMcGregor)));瘿螨科(Eriophyidae)的锈螨(rust mite)和芽螨(bud mite)以及其他取食叶的螨虫和在人类和动物健康方面重要的螨虫,即表皮螨科(Epidermoptidae)的尘螨、蠕形螨科(Demodicidae)的毛囊螨、甘螨科(Glycyphagidae)的谷螨;(硬蜱科)的蜱虫,通常称为硬蜱(例如,鹿蜱(deertick)(黑脚硬蜱(Ixodes scapularis Say))、澳大利亚麻痹蜱(Australianparalysistick)(全环硬蜱(Ixodes holocyclus Neumann))、美洲犬蜱(American dogtick)(变异革蜱(Dermacentor variabilis Say))、孤星蜱(lone star tick)(美洲钝眼蜱(Amblyomma americanum Linnaeus)))和软蜱科(Argasidae)的蜱虫,通常称为软蜱(例如,回归热蜱(relapsing fever tick)(回归热钝缘蜱(Ornithodorosturicata))、常见鸡蜱(common fowl tick,Argas radiatus));痒螨科(Psoroptidae)、蒲螨科(Pyemotidae)和疥螨科(Sarcoptidae)的疥螨(scab mite)和痒螨(itch mite);直翅目的卵、成虫和幼虫,包括蚱蜢、蝗虫和蟋蟀(例如,迁徙蚱蜢(migratorygrasshoppers)(例如,血黑蝗(Melanoplussanguinipes Fabricius)、殊种蝗(M.differentialis Thomas))、美洲蚱蜢(Americangrasshoppers)(例如美洲沙漠蝗(Schistocerca americana Drury))、沙漠蝗(desertlocust,Schistocerca gregariaForskal)、飞蝗(migratory locust,Locusta migratoriaLinnaeus)、灌木蝗(bush locust)(腺蝗属(Zonocerus)物种)、家蟋蟀(house cricket,Acheta domesticus Linnaeus)、蝼蛄(mole crickets)(例如,黄褐色蝼蛄(tawny molecricket,Scapteriscus vicinusScudder)和南美蝼蛄(southern mole cricket,Scapteriscus borellii Giglio-Tos)));双翅目的卵、成虫和幼虫,包括潜叶虫(例如,斑潜蝇属(Liriomyza)物种,如蔬菜斑潜蝇(serpentine vegetable leafminer)(美洲斑潜蝇(Liriomyza sativaeBlanchard)))、蠓(midges)、果蝇(fruit flies)(实蝇科(Tephritidae))、麦秆蝇
(frit flies)(例如,瑞典麦秆蝇(Oscinella frit Linnaeus))、土壤蛆(soilmaggots)、家蝇(house flies)(例如,家蝇(Musca domestica Linnaeus))、小家蝇(lesserhouseflies)(例如,夏厕蝇(Fannia canicularis Linnaeus)、小舍蝇(F.femoralisStein))、厩螯蝇(stable flies)(例如,厩螯蝇(Stomoxys calcitrans Linnaeus))、秋家蝇(faceflies)、角蝇(horn flies)、丽蝇(blow flies)(例如,金蝇属(Chrysomya)物种、伏蝇属(Phormia)物种)以及其他蝇类(muscoid fly)有害生物、马蝇(horse flies)
(例如,虻属(Tabanus)物种)、肤蝇(bot flies)(例如,胃蝇属(Gastrophilus)物种、狂蝇属(Oestrus)物种)、纹皮蝇(cattle grubs)(例如,牛皮蝇属(Hypoderma)物种)、鹿虻(deer flies)(例如,斑虻属(Chrysops)物种)、羊蜱蝇(keds)(例如,绵羊虱蝇(Melophagus ovinus Linnaeus))以及其他短角亚目(Brachycera)、蚊子(例如,伊蚊属(Aedes)物种、按蚊属(Anopheles)物种、库蚊属(Culex)物种)、蚋(black flies)(例如,原蚋属(Prosimulium)物种、蚋属(Simulium)物种)、叮咬蠓(biting midges)、沙蝇(sandflies)、眼菌蚊(sciarids)和其他长角亚目(Nematocera);缨翅目的卵、成虫、和幼虫,包括洋葱蓟马(onion thrips)
(烟蓟马(Thrips tabaci Lindeman))、花蓟马(flower thrips)(花蓟马属
(Frankliniella)物种)以及其他取食叶子的蓟马;膜翅目的昆虫有害生物,包括蚁科(Formicidae)的蚂蚁,包括佛罗里达木蚁(Florida carpenter ant)(佛罗里达弓背蚁(Camponotus floridanus Buckley))、红木蚁(red carpenter ant,Camponotusferrugineus Fabricius)、黑木蚁(black carpenter ant,Camponotuspennsylvanicus DeGeer)、白足蚁(white-footed ant,Technomyrmex albipesfr.Smith)、大头蚁(bigheaded ants)(大头蚁属(Pheidole)物种)、幽灵蚁(ghost ant)(黑头酸臭蚁(Tapinomamelanocephalum Fabricius));法老蚁(Pharaoh ant)(小黄家蚁(Monomoriumpharaonis Linnaeus))、小火蚁(little fire ant,Wasmannia auropunctataRoger)、火蚁(fire ant,Solenopsis geminata Fabricius)、红火蚁(red imported fireant,Solenopsisinvicta Buren)、阿根廷蚁(Argentine ant,Iridomyrmex humilisMayr)、疯蚁(crazy ant)(长角立毛蚁(Paratrechina longicornis Latreille))、铺道蚁(pavement ant)(草地铺道蚁(Tetramorium caespitum Linnaeus))、玉米田蚁(cornfieldant,Lasius alienus)和香家蚁(odorous house ant)(家蚁(Tapinoma sessileSay))。其他膜翅目,包括蜂(包括木蜂(carpenter bees))、大黄蜂(hornets)、小黄蜂(yellow jackets)、胡蜂(wasps)和叶蜂(sawflies)(新松叶蜂属(Neodiprion)物种;茎蜂属(Cephus)物种);等翅目(Isoptera)的昆虫有害生物,包括白蚁科(Termitidae)(例如,大白蚁属(Macrotermes)物种、土白蚁(Odontotermes obesus Rambur))、木白蚁科(Kalotermitidae)(例如,堆砂白蚁属(Cryptotermes)物种)、以及鼻白蚁科(Rhinotermitidae)(例如,散白蚁属(Reticulitermes)物种、乳白蚁属(Coptotermes)物种、鼻异白蚁(Heterotermes tenuis Hagen))的白蚁,东部地下白蚁(Reticulitermesflavipes Kollar)、西部地下白蚁(Reticulitermes hesperus Bank)、台湾乳白蚁(Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki)、西印度干木白蚁(IncisitermesimmigransSnyder)、粉白蚁(Cryptotermes brevis Walker)、干木白蚁(Incisitermes snyderiLight)、东南部地下白蚁(Reticulitermes virginicus Banks)、西部干木白蚁(Incisitermes minor Hagen)、树栖白蚁(arboreal termites)诸如象白蚁属(Nasutitermes)物种,以及其他具有经济重要性的白蚁;缨尾目的昆虫有害生物,诸如蠹虫(silverfish)(衣鱼(Lepisma saccharina Linnaeus))和家衣鱼(firebrat)(家衣鱼(Thermobia domestica Packard));食毛目的昆虫有害生物,包括头虱(head louse,Pediculus humanus capitis De Geer)、体虱(body louse,Pediculus humanusLinnaeus)、鸡体虱(chicken body louse,Menacanthus stramineus Nitszch)、狗啮毛虱(dog biting louse)(犬毛虱(Trichodectes canis De Geer))、绒毛虱(fluff louse,Goniocotes gallinae De Geer)、羊体虱(sheep body louse)(羊虱(BovicolaovisSchrank))、短鼻牛虱(short-nosed cattle louse)(牛血虱(Haematopinus eurysternusNitzsch))、长鼻牛虱(long-nosed cattle louse)(牛颚虱(Linognathus vituliLinnaeus))以及其他攻击人和动物的吸吮和嚼咬型寄生虱;蚤目(Siphonoptera)的昆虫有害生物,包括东方鼠蚤(the oriental rat flea)(印鼠客蚤(Xenopsylla cheopisRothschild))、猫蚤(cat flea)(猫栉头蚤(Ctenocephalides felis Bouche))、犬蚤(dogflea)(犬栉首蚤(Ctenocephalides canisCurtis))、鸡蚤(hen flea)(鸡角叶蚤(Ceratophyllus gallinae Schrank))、吸着蚤(sticktight flea)(禽角头蚤(Echidnophaga gallinacea Westwood))、人蚤(humanflea,Pulex irritans Linnaeus)以及其他折磨哺乳动物和禽类的跳蚤。所覆盖的另外节肢动物有害生物包括:蜘蛛目的蜘蛛,诸如棕色遁蛛(the brown recluse spider)(棕隐士蛛(Loxosceles reclusa Gertsch&Mulaik))和黑寡妇毒蛛(the black widowspider,Latrodectus mactans Fabricius),以及蚰蜒目的蜈蚣,诸如蚰蜒(the housecentipede,Scutigera coleoptrata Linnaeus)。
存储谷物中的无脊椎有害生物的实例包括平截长蠹(larger grain borer)(大谷蠹(Prostephanus truncatus))、谷蠹(lesser grain borer,Rhyzopertha dominica)、米象(rice weevil,Stiophilus oryzae)、玉米象(maize weevil,Stiophilus zeamais)、豆象(cowpea weevil)(四纹豆象(Callosobruchus maculatus))、赤拟谷盗(redflourbeetle,Tribolium castaneum)、谷象(granary weevil,Stiophilus granarius)、印度谷螟(Indian meal moth,Plodia interpunctella)、地中海面粉甲虫(Mediterraneanflour beetle)(地中海粉螟(Ephestia kuhniella))和长角扁谷盗或锈扁谷盗(flat orrusty grain beetle)(锈赤扁谷盗(Cryptolestis ferrugineus))。
本披露的化合物可以具有针对线虫纲(Nematoda)、绦虫纲(Cestoda)、吸虫纲和棘头纲(Acanthocephala)的成员的活性,包括经济上重要的圆线虫目(Strongylida)、蛔目(Ascaridida)、尖尾目(Oxyurida)、小杆目(Rhabditida)、旋尾目(Spirurida)和嘴刺目(Enoplida)的成员,诸如但不限于经济上重要的农业有害生物(即,根结线虫属(Meloidogyne)中的根结线虫、短体线虫属(Pratylenchus)中的根腐线虫(lesionnematodes)、毛刺线虫属(Trichodorus)中的粗短根线虫(stubby root nematodes)等)以及动物和人类健康有害生物(即,所有经济上重要的吸虫、绦虫和蛔虫,诸如马中的寻常圆线虫(Strongylusvulgaris)、犬中的犬弓蛔虫(Toxocara canis)、羊中的捻转血矛线虫(Haemonchuscontortus)、犬中的犬恶丝虫(Dirofilaria immitis Leidy)、马中的叶状裸头绦虫(Anoplocephala perfoliata)、反刍动物中的肝片吸虫(Fasciola hepaticaLinnaeus)等)。
本披露的化合物显示出针对鳞翅目中的有害生物的特别高的活性(例如,棉叶波纹夜蛾(Alabama argillacea Hübner)(棉叶虫)、果树黄卷蛾(ArchipsargyrospilaWalker)(果树卷叶蛾)、A.rosana Linnaeus(欧洲卷叶蛾)以及其他黄卷蛾属(Archips)物种、二化螟(Chilo suppressalis Walker)(稻螟)、稻纵卷叶螟(Cnaphalocrosismedinalis Guenée,rice leaf roller)、玉米根草螟(Crambuscaliginosellus Clemens)(玉米根结网虫)、早熟禾草螟(Crambus teterrellus Zincken,bluegrass webworm)、苹果蠹蛾(Cydia pomonella Linnaeus,codling moth)、棉斑实蛾(Earias insulanaBoisduval)(多刺螟蛉虫)、翠纹钻夜蛾(Earias vittellaFabricius)(斑点螟蛉虫)、棉铃虫(Helicoverpa armigera Hübner)(美洲棉铃虫)、谷实夜蛾(Helicoverpa zea Boddie)(玉米穗虫)、烟芽夜蛾(Heliothis virescensFabricius)(烟青虫)、草地螟(Herpetogramma licarsisalis Walker,sod webworm)、葡萄花翅小卷蛾(Lobesiabotrana Denis&Schiffermüller)(葡萄卷叶蛾)、棉红铃虫(Pectinophora gossypiellaSaunders,pink bollworm)、柑橘潜叶蛾(Phyllocnistiscitrella Stainton,citrusleafminer)、大菜粉蝶(Pieris brassicae Linnaeus)(大白粉蝶)、小菜粉蝶(Pierisrapae Linnaeus)(小白粉蝶)、小菜蛾(Plutella xylostellaLinnaeus,diamondbackmoth)、甜菜夜蛾(Spodoptera exigua Hübner,beetarmyworm)、斜纹夜蛾(Spodopteralitura Fabricius,tobacco cutworm,clustercaterpillar)、草地贪夜蛾(Spodopterafrugiperda J.E.Smith)(秋夜蛾)、粉纹夜蛾(Trichoplusia ni Hübner,cabbage looper)和番茄潜叶蛾(Tuta absoluta Meyrick,tomato leafminer)。
本披露的化合物还可对来自半翅目的成员具有显著的活性,这些成员包括:豌豆蚜(Acyrthosiphon pisum Harris)、豇豆蚜(Aphis craccivora Koch)、蚕豆蚜(Aphisfabae Scopoli)、棉蚜(Aphis gossypii Glover)、苹果蚜(Aphis pomi DeGeer)、绣线菊蚜(Aphis spiraecola Patch)、毛地黄蚜(Aulacorthum solaniKaltenbach)、草莓蚜(Chaetosiphon fragaefolii Cockerell)、俄罗斯小麦蚜(Diuraphisnoxia Kurdjumov/Mordvilko)、车前圆尾蚜(Dysaphis plantaginea Passerini)、苹果绵蚜(Eriosomalanigerum Hausmann)、桃大尾蚜(Hyalopterus pruni Geoffroy)、萝卜蚜(Lipaphispseudobrassicae Davis)、麦蚜(Metopolophium dirhodum Walker)、马铃薯蚜(Macrosiphum euphorbiae Thomas)、桃蚜(Myzus persicae Sulzer)、莴苣蚜(Nasonoviaribisnigri Mosley)、瘿绵蚜属(Pemphigus)物种(根蚜(root aphids)和倍蚜(gallaphids))、玉米蚜(Rhopalosiphum maidis Fitch)、禾谷缢管蚜(Rhopalosiphumpadi Linnaeus)、麦二叉蚜(Schizaphis graminum Rondani)、麦长管蚜(Sitobion avenaeFabricius)、苜蓿斑蚜(Therioaphis maculata Buckton)、橘二叉蚜(Toxoptera aurantiiBoyer de Fonscolombe)和褐色橘蚜(Toxoptera citricidus Kirkaldy);球属(Adelges)物种(球蚜(adelgids));长山核桃根瘤蚜(Phylloxera devastatrix Pergande)(山胡桃根瘤蚜(pecanphylloxera));烟粉虱(Bemisia tabaci Gennadius)(烟粉虱(tobaccowhitefly),甘薯粉虱(sweetpotato whitefly))、银叶粉虱(Bemisia argentifoliiBellows&Perring)(银叶粉虱)、柑橘粉虱(Dialeurodes citri Ashmead,citruswhitefly)和温室粉虱(Trialeurodes vaporariorum Westwood,greenhouse whitefly);马铃薯叶蝉(Empoasca fabae Harris)、小褐飞虱(Laodelphax striatellus Fallen)、二点叶蝉(Macrosteles quadrilineatus Forbes)、稻黑尾叶蝉(Nephotettix cincticepsUhler)、黑 尾叶蝉(Nephotettix nigropictus)、褐飞虱(Nilaparvata lugens)、玉米飞虱(Peregrinus maidis Ashmead)、白背飞虱(Sogatella furcifera Horvath)、稻飞虱(Tagosodes orizicolus Muir)、苹果白叶蝉(Typhlocyba pomaria McAtee)、葡萄斑叶蝉属(Erythroneura)物种(葡萄叶蝉(grape leafhoppers));十七年蝉(Magicidadaseptendecim Linnaeus)(周期蝉(periodical cicada));吹绵蚧(Icerya purchasiMaskell,cottony cushion scale)、梨圆蚧(Quadraspidiotus perniciosus Comstock,San Jose scale);臀纹粉蚧(Planococcus citri Risso)(桔粉蚧(citrus mealybug));粉蚧属(Pseudococcus)物种(其他粉蚧系群);梨木虱(Cacopsylla pyricola Foerster,pearpsylla)、柿木虱(Trioza diospyri Ashmead,persimmon psylla)。
本披露的化合物还对来自半翅目的成员具有活性,这些成员包括:稻绿蝽(Acrosternum hilare Say)、南瓜缘蝽(Anasa tristis De Geer)(、麦长蝽(Blissusleucopterus leucopterus Say)、温带臭虫(Cimex lectularius Linnaeus)、棉网蝽(Corythuca gossypii Fabricius)、番茄蝽(Cyrtopeltis modesta Distant)、棉红蝽(Dysdercus suturellus Herrich-)、褐臭蝽(Euchistus servus Say)、单斑蝽(Euchistus variolarius Palisot de Beauvois)、Graptosthetus属物种(长蝽系群)、茶翅蝽(Halymorpha halys)、松叶根蝽(Leptoglossus corculus Say)、美国牧草盲蝽(Lygus lineolaris Palisot de Beauvois)、南方绿蝽(Nezara viridula Linnaeus)、稻褐蝽(Oebalus pugnax Fabricius)、大马利筋长蝽(Oncopeltus fasciatus Dallas)、棉盲蝽(Pseudatomoscelis seriatus Reuter)。由本披露的化合物防治的其他昆虫目包括缨翅目(例如,西花蓟马(Frankliniella occidentalis Pergande,western flower thrips)、桔实蓟马(Scirthothrips citri Moulton)(柑橘蓟马(citrus thrips))、大豆蓟马(Sericothrips variabilis Beach,soybean thrips)和烟蓟马(洋葱蓟马));以及鞘翅目(例如,马铃薯叶甲(科罗拉多马铃薯甲虫)、墨西哥豆瓢虫(Epilachna varivestisMulsant,Mexican bean beetle)以及叩甲属(Agriotes)、Athous属或丘胸叩甲属(Limonius)的金针虫)。
值得注意的是本披露的化合物用于防治西花蓟马的用途。值得注意的是本披露的化合物用于防治小菜蛾(Plutella xylostella)的用途。值得注意的是本披露的化合物用于防治秋粘虫(草地贪夜蛾)的用途。
本披露的化合物还可用于增加作物植株的活力。该方法包括使作物植株(例如,叶子、花、果实或根)或生长出作物植株的种子与足以实现期望的植株活力效果的量(即生物学有效量)式1的化合物接触。典型地,式1的化合物以配制的组合物施用。尽管式1的化合物通常直接施用于作物植株或其种子,但这些化合物也可施用于作物植株的所在地,即作物植株的环境,特别是足够接近以允许式1的化合物迁移到作物植株的环境部分。与该方法相关的所在地最通常包括生长介质(即为植株提供营养素的介质),典型地是其中生长植株的土壤。因此,为了增加作物植株的活力对作物植株的处理包括使作物植株、生长出作物植株的种子或作物植株的所在地与生物学有效量的式1的化合物接触。
增加作物活力可导致以下观察到的效果中的一项或多项:(a)如通过优异的种子发芽、作物出苗和作物密度(stand)展示的最佳作物栽培(establishment);(b)如通过快速且健壮的叶生长(例如,通过叶面积指数测量)、植株高度、分蘖数(例如,对于稻)、根群和作物的营养体的总干重展示的增强的作物生长;(c)如通过开花时间、开花持续时间、花的数目、总生物量积聚(即产量)和/或果实或谷物的产品等级可销售性(即产质量)展示的改善的作物产量;(d)增强的作物耐受或预防植物病害感染和节肢动物、线虫或软体动物有害生物侵害的能力;以及(e)增加的作物耐受环境胁迫(诸如暴露于极端热量、次最佳水分或植物性毒素化学品)的能力。
与未经处理的植株相比,本披露的化合物可通过杀死植食性无脊椎有害生物或以其他方式防止植食性无脊椎有害生物在植株环境中的取食来增加经处理的植株的活力。在不存在植食性无脊椎有害生物的此类防治的情况下,有害生物通过消耗植物组织或汁液,或传播植物病原体诸如病毒来降低植株活力。甚至在不存在植食性无脊椎有害生物的情况下,本披露的化合物可通过改变植物的代谢来增加植物活力。通常,如果植株生长在非理想的环境中,即包含一个或多个不利于植株实现其在理想环境中应表现出的完全遗传潜力的方面的环境,那么作物植株的活力将通过用本披露的化合物处理该植株最显著地增加。
值得注意的是用于增加作物植株活力的本发明的方法,其中该作物植株在包括植食性无脊椎有害生物的环境中生长。还值得注意的是用于增加作物植株活力的本发明的方法,其中该作物植株在不包括植食性无脊椎有害生物的环境中生长。还值得注意的是用于增加作物植株活力的本发明的方法,其中该作物植株在包括少于支持作物植株生长的理想水分量的水分量的环境中生长。值得注意的是用于增加作物植株活力的本发明的方法,其中该作物是稻。还值得注意的是用于增加作物植株活力的本发明的方法,其中该作物是玉蜀黍(玉米)。还值得注意的是用于增加作物植株活力的本发明的方法,其中该作物是大豆。
本披露的化合物还可与一种或多种其他生物学活性化合物或剂混合以形成多组分杀有害生物剂,从而赋予甚至更广谱的农学和非农学效用,这些生物学活性化合物或剂包括杀昆虫剂、杀真菌剂、杀线虫剂、杀菌剂、杀螨剂、除草剂、除草剂安全剂、生长调节剂诸如昆虫蜕皮抑制剂和生根刺激剂、化学不育剂、化学信息素、驱虫剂、引诱剂、信息素、取食刺激剂、其他生物学活性化合物或昆虫病原细菌、病毒或真菌。因此,本披露还涉及包含生物学有效量的式1的化合物、至少一种附加组分和至少一种附加生物学活性化合物或试剂的组合物,该至少一种附加组分选自由表面活性剂、固体稀释剂和液体稀释剂组成的组。对于本披露的混合物,可将其他生物学活性化合物或剂与本发明化合物(包括式1的化合物)一起配制以形成预混物,或者其他生物学活性化合物或剂可与本发明化合物(包括式1的化合物)分开配制,并且在施加前将这两种制剂组合在一起(例如,在喷雾槽中),或可替代地,将这两种制剂依次施加。
可与本披露化合物一起配制的此类生物学活性化合物或试剂的实例是杀昆虫剂,诸如阿巴美丁、乙酰甲胺磷、灭螨醌、啶虫脒、氟丙菊酯、阿克那比、双丙环虫酯([(3S,4R,4aR,6S,6aS,12R,12aS,12bS)-3-[(环丙基羰基)氧基]-1,3,4,4a,5,6,6a,12,12a,12b-十氢-6,12-二羟基-4,6a,12b-三甲基-11-氧代-9-(3-吡啶基)-2H,11H-萘并[2,1-b]吡喃并[3,4-e]吡喃-4-基]甲基环丙烷甲酸酯)、磺胺螨酯、双甲脒、阿维菌素、印楝素、保棉磷、丙硫克百威、杀虫磺、苯吡氧嘧啶、联苯菊酯、κ-联苯菊酯、联苯肼酯、双三氟虫脲、硼酸盐、溴虫氟苯双酰胺、噻嗪酮、硫线磷、甲萘威、克百威、杀螟丹、伐虫脒、氯虫苯甲酰胺、溴虫腈、氟啶脲、右旋反式氯丙炔菊酯、毒死蜱、毒死蜱-e、甲基毒死蜱、环虫酰肼、四螨嗪、右旋反式氯丙炔菊酯、噻虫胺、(3-溴-1-(3-氯-2-吡啶基)-N-[4-氰基-2-甲基-6-[(甲基氨基)羰基]苯基]-1H-吡唑-5-甲酰胺)、环溴虫酰胺(3-溴-N-[2-溴-4-氯-6-[[(1-环丙基乙基)氨基]羰基]苯基]-1-(3-氯-2-吡啶基)-1H-吡唑-5-甲酰胺)、三氟吡啶胺、乙氰菊酯、环氧虫啶((5S,8R)-1-[(6-氯-3-吡啶基)甲基]-2,3,5,6,7,8-六氢-9-硝基-5,8-环氧基-1H-咪唑并[1,2-a]氮杂卓)、腈吡螨酯、乙唑螨腈、丁氟螨酯、氟氯氰菊酯、高效氟氯氰菊酯、氯氟氰虫酰胺、氯氟氰菊酯、精高效氯氟氰菊酯、高效氯氟氰菊酯、氯氰菊酯、顺式氯氰菊酯、ζ-氯氰菊酯、灭蝇胺、溴氰菊酯、丁醚脲、二嗪磷、敌克美施、狄氏剂、除虫脲、四氟甲醚菊酯、杀虫双、乐果、嗪虫唑酰胺、呋虫胺、苯虫醚、甲氨基阿维菌素、甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐、硫丹、高氰戊菊酯、乙虫腈、醚菊酯、ε-甲氧苄氟菊酯、乙螨唑、苯丁锡、杀螟硫磷、苯硫威、苯氧威、甲氰菊酯、氰戊菊酯、氟虫腈、氟麦托醌(2-乙基-3,7-二甲基-6-[4-(三氟甲氧基)苯氧基]-4-喹啉基甲基碳酸酯)、氟啶虫酰胺、三氟咪啶酰胺、氟虫双酰胺、氟氰戊菊酯、嘧虫胺、氟虫脲、氟菌螨酯((αE)-2-[[2-氯-4-(三氟甲基)苯氧基]甲基]-α-(甲氧基亚甲基)苯乙酸甲酯)、联氟砜(5-氯-2-[(3,4,4-三氟-3-丁烯-1-基)磺酰基]噻唑)、氟己芬、氟吡菌酰胺、丁虫腈(flupiprole)(1-[2,6-二氯-4-(三氟甲基)苯基]-5-[(2-甲基-2-丙烯-1-基)氨基]-4-[(三氟甲基)亚磺酰基]-1H-吡唑-3-甲腈)、氟吡呋喃酮(4-[[(6-氯-3-吡啶基)甲基](2,2-二氟乙基)氨基]-2(5H)-呋喃酮)、氟必灵、氟胺氰菊酯、氟胺氰戊菊酯、氟噁唑酰胺、地虫硫磷、伐虫脒、噻唑膦、精高效氯氟氰菊酯、氯虫酰肼、七氟甲醚菊酯([2,3,5,6-四氟-4-(甲氧基甲基)苯基]甲基2,2-二甲基-3-[(1Z)-3,3,3-三氟-1-丙烯-1-基]环丙烷甲酸酯)、氟铃脲、噻螨酮、氟蚁腙、吡虫啉、茚虫威、杀昆虫肥皂、异丙胺磷、异噁唑虫酰胺、κ-七氟菊酯、高效氯氟氰菊酯、虱螨脲、马拉硫磷、氯氟醚菊酯([2,3,5,6-四氟-4-(甲氧基甲基)苯基]甲基(1R,3S)-3-(2,2-二氯乙烯基)-2,2-二甲基环丙烷甲酸酯)、氰氟虫腙、四聚乙醛、甲胺磷、杀扑磷、甲硫威、灭多威、烯虫酯、甲氧滴滴涕、甲氧苄氟菊酯、甲氧虫酰肼、ε-甲氧苄氟菊酯、ε-氟氯氰菊酯、久效磷、单氟菊酯([2,3,5,6-四氟-4-(甲氧基甲基)苯基]甲基3-(2-氰基-1-丙烯-1-基)-2,2-二甲基环丙烷甲酸酯)、尼克氟普罗、烟碱、烯啶虫胺、硝虫噻嗪、氟酰脲、多氟脲、N-[1,1-二甲基-2-(甲硫基)乙基]-7-氟-2-(3-吡啶基)-2H-吲唑-4-甲酰胺、N-[1,1-二甲基-2-(甲基亚磺酰基)乙基]-7-氟-2-(3-吡啶基)-2H-吲唑-4-甲酰胺、N-[1,1-二甲基-2-(甲基磺酰基)乙基]-7-氟-2-(3-吡啶基)-2H-吲唑-4-甲酰胺、N-(1-甲基环丙基)-2-(3-吡啶基)-2H-吲唑-4-甲酰胺以及N-[1-(二氟甲基)环丙基]-2-(3-吡啶基)-2H-吲唑-4-甲酰胺、杀线威、苯并噁唑(oxazosulfyl)、对硫磷、甲基对硫磷、氯菊酯、甲拌磷、伏杀硫磷、亚胺硫磷、磷胺、抗蚜威、丙溴磷、丙氟菊酯、炔螨特、丙苯烃菊酯、吡氟丁酰胺(1,3,5-三甲基-N-(2-甲基-1-氧代丙基)-N-[3-(2-甲基丙基)-4-[2,2,2-三氟-1-甲氧基-1-(三氟甲基)乙基]苯基]-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺)、吡蚜酮、啶吡唑虫胺、除虫菊素、哒螨灵、啶虫丙醚、吡氟喹虫唑、嘧螨胺((αE)-2-[[[2-[(2,4-二氯苯基)氨基]-6-(三氟甲基)-4-嘧啶基]氧基]甲基]-α-(甲氧基亚甲基)苯乙酸甲酯)、吡唑虫啶、吡丙醚、鱼藤酮、鱼尼丁、氟硅菊酯、乙基多杀菌素、多杀菌素、螺螨酯、螺甲螨酯、甲氧哌啶乙酯、螺虫乙酯、硫丙磷、氟啶虫胺腈(N-[甲基氧代[1-[6-(三氟甲基)-3-吡啶基]乙基]-λ4-硫烷亚基]氨腈)、虫酰肼、吡螨胺、氟苯脲、七氟菊酯、κ-七氟菊酯、特丁硫磷、四氯虫酰胺、杀虫畏、胺菊酯、四氟醚菊酯([2,3,5,6-四氟-4-(甲氧基甲基)苯基]甲基2,2,3,3-四甲基环丙烷甲酸酯)、四唑虫酰胺、噻虫啉、噻虫嗪、硫双威、杀虫双、噻唑沙芬(3-苯基-5-(2-噻吩基)-1,2,4-噁二唑)、唑虫酰胺、四溴菊酯、唑蚜威、敌百虫、三氟苯嘧啶(2,4-二氧代-1-(5-嘧啶基甲基)-3-[3-(三氟甲基)苯基]-2H-吡啶并[1,2-a]嘧啶鎓内盐)、杀铃脲、替环吡唑弗(tyclopyrazoflor)、ζ-氯氰菊酯、苏云金芽孢杆菌δ-內毒素、昆虫病原细菌、昆虫病原病毒或昆虫病原真菌。
值得注意的是杀昆虫剂,诸如阿巴汀、啶虫脒、氟丙菊酯、阿克那比、双丙环虫酯、双甲脒、阿维菌素、印楝素、丙硫克百威、杀虫磺、联苯菊酯、噻嗪酮、溴虫氟苯双酰胺、硫线磷、甲萘威、杀螟丹、氯虫苯甲酰胺、右旋反式氯丙炔菊酯、溴虫腈、毒死蜱、噻虫胺、溴氰虫酰胺、环溴虫酰胺、乙氰菊酯、氟氯氰菊酯、高效氟氯氰菊、三氟氯氰菊酯、精高效氯氟氰菊酯、高效氯氟氰菊酯、氯氰菊酯、顺式氯氰菊酯、ζ-氯氰菊酯、灭蝇胺、溴氰菊酯、狄氏剂、呋虫胺、苯虫醚、甲氨基阿维菌素、硫丹、ε-甲氧苄氟菊酯、高氰戊菊酯、乙虫腈、醚菊酯、乙螨唑、杀螟硫磷、苯硫威、苯氧威、氰戊菊酯、氟虫腈、氟麦托醌、氟噁唑酰胺、氟啶虫酰胺、氟虫双酰胺、氟噻虫砜、氟虫脲、氟菌螨酯、联氟砜、丁虫腈、氟必灵、氟吡呋喃酮、氟胺氰菊酯、伐虫脒、噻唑膦、精高效氯氟氰菊酯、七氟甲醚菊酯、氟铃脲、氟蚁腙、吡虫啉、茚虫威、异噁唑虫酰胺、κ-七氟菊酯、高效氯氟氰菊酯、虱螨脲、氯氟醚菊酯、氰氟虫腙、甲硫威(methiodicarb)、灭多威、烯虫酯、甲氧虫酰肼、甲氧苄氟菊酯、单氟菊酯、烯啶虫胺、硝虫噻嗪、氟酰脲、杀线威、吡氟丁酰胺、吡蚜酮、除虫菊素、哒螨灵、啶虫丙醚、嘧螨胺、吡丙醚、兰尼碱、乙基多杀菌素、多杀菌素、螺螨酯、螺甲螨酯、螺虫乙酯、氟啶虫胺腈、虫酰肼、胺菊酯、四氟醚菊酯、噻虫啉、噻虫嗪、硫双威、杀虫双、四溴菊酯、唑蚜威、三氟苯嘧啶、杀铃脲、替环吡唑弗、ζ-氯氰菊酯、苏云金芽孢杆菌δ-內毒素、苏云金芽孢杆菌的所有菌株和核型多角体病毒的所有毒株。
用于与本披露的化合物混合的生物剂的一个实施例包括昆虫病原细菌,诸如苏云金芽孢杆菌,以及通过工艺制备的苏云金芽孢杆菌的包封δ-內毒素,诸如和生物杀昆虫剂(和是Mycogen Corporation,Indianapolis,Indiana,USA[麦可根公司,印第安纳波利斯,印第安纳州,美国]的商标);昆虫病原真菌,诸如绿僵菌真菌(green muscardine fungus);和昆虫病原(自然存在的和遗传修饰的)病毒,包括杆状病毒、核型多角体病毒(NPV),诸如谷实夜蛾核型多角体病毒(HzNPV)、芹菜夜蛾核型多角体病毒(Anagrapha falcifera nucleopolyhedrovirus,AfNPV);以及颗粒体病毒(GV),诸如苹果蠹蛾颗粒体病毒(Cydia pomonella granulosisvirus,CpGV)。
用于与本披露的化合物混合的生物剂的一个实施例包括以下中的一个或组合:(i)放线菌(Actinomycetes)属、农杆菌(Agrobacterium)属、节杆菌(Arthrobacter)属、产碱杆菌(Alcaligenes)属、金杆菌(Aureobacterium)属、固氮菌(Azobacter)属、杆菌属、拜叶林克氏菌(Beijerinckia)属、慢生根瘤菌(Bradyrhizobium)属、短芽孢杆菌(Brevibacillus)属、伯克霍尔德(Burkholderia)属、色杆菌(Chromobacterium)属、梭菌(Clostridium)属、棍状杆菌(Clavibacter)属、丛毛单胞菌(Comamonas)属、棒状杆菌(Corynebacterium)属、短小杆菌(Curtobacterium)属、肠杆菌(Enterobacter)属、黄杆菌(Flavobacterium)属、葡萄糖酸杆菌(Gluconobacter)属、氢噬胞菌(Hydrogenophaga)属、克雷伯氏菌(Klebsiella)属、甲基杆菌(Methylobacterium)属、类芽孢杆菌(Paenibacillus)属、巴斯德氏菌(Pasteuria)属、发光杆菌(Photorhabdus)属、叶杆菌(Phyllobacterium)属、假单胞菌(Pseudomonas)属、根瘤菌(Rhizobium)属、沙雷氏菌(Serratia)属、鞘氨醇杆菌(Sphingobacterium)属、寡养单胞菌(Stenotrophomonas)属、链霉菌(Streptomyces)属、贪噬菌(Variovorax)属或致病杆菌(Xenorhabdus)属细菌,例如解淀粉芽孢杆菌(Bacillusamyloliquefaciens)、蜡样芽孢杆菌(Bacillus cereus)、坚强芽孢杆菌(Bacillusfirmus)、地衣芽孢杆菌(Bacillus licheniformis)、短小芽孢杆菌(Bacillus pumilus)、球形芽孢杆菌(Bacillus sphaericus)、枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillussubtilis)、苏云金芽孢杆菌、大豆慢生根瘤菌(Bradyrhizobium japonicum)、活性紫色细菌(Chromobacterium subtsugae)、西泽巴斯德氏芽菌(Pasteuria nishizawae)、穿刺巴斯德芽孢菌(Pasteuria penetrans)、Pasteuria usage、萤光假单胞菌(Pseudomonasfluorescens)和利迪链霉菌(Streptomyces lydicus)细菌;(ii)真菌,诸如绿僵菌;(iii)病毒,包括杆状病毒、核型多角体病毒,诸如玉米夜蛾核型多角体病毒、芹菜夜蛾核型多角体病毒;颗粒体病毒,诸如苹果蠹蛾颗粒体病毒。
特别值得注意的是其中另一无脊椎有害生物防治活性成分属于与式1的化合物不同的化学类别或具有与式1的化合物不同的作用位点的这种组合。在某些情况下,与至少一种具有相似防治谱但是不同作用位点的其他无脊椎有害生物防治活性成分的组合对于抗性管理将是特别有利的。因此,本披露的组合物可以进一步包含生物学有效量的至少一种附加无脊椎有害生物防治活性成分,该活性成分具有相似的防治谱但是属于不同的化学类别或具有不同的作用位点。这些附加生物学活性化合物或试剂包括但不限于乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)抑制剂,诸如氨基甲酸酯类灭多威、杀线威、硫双威、唑蚜威以及有机磷类毒死蜱;GABA门控氯离子通道拮抗剂,诸如环二烯类狄氏剂和硫丹,以及苯吡唑类乙虫腈和氟虫腈;钠通道调节剂,诸如拟除虫菊酯联苯菊酯、氯氟氰菊酯、β-氯氟氰菊酯、氯氟氰菊酯、λ-氯氟氰菊酯、氯氰菊酯、溴氰菊酯、二甲氟氰菊酯、氰戊菊酯、甲氟氰菊酯和异戊菊酯;拟除虫菊酯类(pyrethroids)联苯菊酯、氟氯氰菊酯、高效氟氯氰菊酯、氯氟氰菊酯、高效氯氟氰菊酯、氯氰菊酯、溴氰菊酯、四氟甲醚菊酯、高氰戊菊酯、甲氧苄氟菊酯和丙氟菊酯;烟碱型乙酰胆碱受体(nAChR)激动剂,诸如新烟碱类啶虫脒、噻虫胺、呋虫胺、吡虫啉、烯啶虫胺、硝虫噻嗪、噻虫啉和噻虫嗪、以及氟啶虫胺腈;烟碱型乙酰胆碱受体(nAChR)变构活化剂,诸如多杀菌素类(spinosyns)乙基多杀菌素和多杀菌素;氯通道活化剂,诸如阿维菌素、阿巴汀和甲氨基阿维菌素;保幼激素类似物(juvenile hormone mimics),诸如苯虫醚、烯虫酯、苯氧威和吡丙醚;选择性同翅目取食阻断剂(selectivehomopteran feeding blocker),诸如吡蚜酮和氟啶虫酰胺;螨虫生长抑制剂,诸如乙螨唑;线粒体ATP合成酶抑制剂,诸如炔螨特;经由破坏质子梯度的氧化磷酸化的偶联剂,诸如溴虫腈;烟碱型乙酰胆碱受体(nAChR)通道阻断剂,诸如沙蚕毒素类似物(nereistoxin analog)杀螟丹;甲壳素生物合成抑制剂,诸如苯甲酰脲类氟虫脲、氟铃脲、虱螨脲、氟酰脲、多氟脲和杀铃脲、以及噻嗪酮;双翅目蜕皮干扰剂(moulting disrupter),诸如灭蝇胺;蜕皮激素受体激动剂,诸如二芳甲酰基肼类甲氧虫酰肼和虫酰肼;章鱼胺受体激动剂,诸如双甲脒;线粒体复合物III电子传输抑制剂,诸如氟蚁腙;线粒体复合物I电子传输抑制剂,诸如哒螨灵;电压依赖性钠通道阻断剂,诸如茚虫威;乙酰辅酶A羧化酶抑制剂,诸如季酮酸类和特特拉姆酸类(tetramic acids)螺螨酯、螺甲螨酯和螺虫乙酯;线粒体复合物II电子传输抑制剂,诸如β-酮腈类腈吡螨酯和丁氟螨酯;苯胺受体调节剂,诸如鱼尼丁受体调节剂,诸如邻甲酰氨基苯甲酰胺类(anthranilicdiamides)氯虫苯甲酰胺、溴氰虫酰胺和溴氰虫酰胺,二酰胺类,诸如氟虫双酰胺,以及鱼尼丁受体配体,诸如鱼尼丁;其中对生物学活性负责的靶位点是未知或未表征的化合物,诸如印楝素、联苯肼酯、啶虫丙醚、吡氟喹虫唑和三氟苯嘧啶;昆虫中肠膜的微生物干扰剂,诸如苏云金芽孢杆菌及其产生的δ-内毒素以及球形芽孢杆菌;以及生物剂,包括核型多角体病毒(NPV)和其他自然存在或遗传改性的杀昆虫病毒。
可与本披露化合物一起配制的生物学活性化合物或试剂的其他实例是:杀真菌剂,诸如苯并噻二唑、二甲基吗啉、唑嘧菌胺、aminopyrifen、吲唑磺菌胺、敌菌灵、阿扎康唑、嘧菌酯、苯霜灵(benalaxyl,包括精苯霜灵(benalaxyl-M))、麦锈灵、苯菌灵、苯噻菌胺(benthiavalicarb,包括苯噻菌胺(benthiavalicarb-isopropyl)、苯并烯氟菌唑、bethoxazin、乐杀螨、联苯、联苯三唑醇、联苯吡菌胺、灭瘟素(blasticidin-S)、啶酰菌胺(boscalid)、糠菌唑、乙嘧酚磺酸酯(bupirimate)、丁硫啶、萎锈灵、环丙酰亚胺、敌菌丹、克菌丹、多菌灵、地茂散(chloroneb)、百菌清、乙菌利(chlozolinate)、氢氧化铜、王铜、硫酸铜、丁香菌酯、赛座灭(cyazofamid)、环氟菌胺、霜脲氰、环唑醇、嘧菌环胺、dichlobentiazox、抑菌灵、双氯氰菌胺(diclocymet)、哒菌酮(diclomezine)、氯硝胺(dicloran)、乙霉威(diethofencarb)、苯醚甲环唑、氟嘧菌胺(diflumetorim)、甲菌定(dimethirimol)、烯酰吗啉、醚菌胺、烯唑醇(diniconazole,包括高效烯唑醇(diniconazole-M))、敌螨普、dipymetitrone、二噻农(dithianon)、二噻茂烷、十二环吗啉、多果定、益康唑、乙环唑、克瘟散、烯肟菌酯(enoxastrobin,也称为烯肟菌酯(enestroburin))、氟环唑、噻唑菌胺(ethaboxam)、乙菌定(ethirimol)、土菌灵(etridiazole)、噁唑菌酮、咪唑菌酮(fenamidone)、烯肟菌胺、氯苯嘧啶醇、腈苯唑、甲呋酰胺、环酰菌胺(fenhexamide)、稻瘟酰胺(fenoxanil)、拌种咯、苯吡克咪徳(fenpicoxamid)、苯锈啶(fenpropidine)、丁苯吗啉、胺苯吡菌酮、三苯基乙酸锡、三苯基氢氧化锡、福美铁、嘧菌腙(ferimzone)、氟麦托醌、florylpicoxamid、氟醚菌酰胺、氟啶胺(fluazinam)、氟苯醚酰胺(flubeneteram)、咯菌腈、氟菌螨酯、fluindapyr、氟吗啉、氟吡菌胺(fluopicolide)、氟吡菌酰胺、fluoxapiprolin、氟嘧菌酯、氟喹唑、氟硅唑、磺菌胺(flusulfamide)、氟噻唑菌腈、氟酰胺(flutolanil)、粉唑醇、氟唑菌酰胺、灭菌丹、稻瘟酞(fthalide,也称为苯酞(phthalide)、麦穗宁、呋霜灵(furalaxyl)、呋吡菌胺、己唑醇、土菌消(hymexazole)、双胍辛盐(guazatine)、抑霉唑、亚胺唑、烷苯磺酸盐(iminoctadinealbesilate)、双胍辛胺乙酸盐(iminoctadine triacetate)、inpyrfluxam、硫双威、种菌唑、ipfentrifluconazole、ipflufenoquin、异丙噻菌胺、异稻瘟净(iprobenfos)、异菌脲、丙森锌、isoflucypram、稻瘟灵(isoprothiolane)、吡唑萘菌胺(isopyrazam)、异噻菌胺、春雷霉素、醚菌酯、lancotrione、代森锰锌、双炔酰菌胺(mandipropamid)、曼德斯宾(mandestrobin)、代森锰、mapanipyrin、氯氟醚菌唑、灭锈胺、消螨多(meptyldinocap)、甲霜灵(包括高效甲霜灵(metalaxyl-M)/精甲霜灵(mefenoxam))、叶菌唑、磺菌威(methasulfocarb)、代森联、苯氧菌胺、metyltetraprole、苯菌酮、腈菌唑、萘替芬(naftitine)、甲胂铁铵(甲基胂酸铁(ferric methanearsonate))、氟苯嘧啶醇、辛噻酮、呋酰胺、肟醚菌胺、恶霜灵(oxadixyl)、噻哌菌灵(oxathiapiprolin)、奥索利酸、噁咪唑(oxpoconazole)、氧化萎锈灵、土霉素、戊菌唑、戊菌隆(pencycuron)、氟唑菌苯胺、吡噻菌胺(penthiopyrad)、稻痕酯(perfurazoate)、亚磷酸(包括其盐,例如,乙磷铝(fosetyl-aluminm))、啶氧菌酯、哌丙灵(piperalin)、多氧霉素(polyoxin)、噻菌灵、咪鲜胺、腐霉利(procymidone)、霜霉威(propamocarb)、丙环唑、甲基代森锌、碘喹唑酮(proquinazid)、硫菌威(prothiocarb)、丙硫菌唑、氟唑菌酰羟胺唑菌胺酯、唑胺菌酯、pyrapropoyne、唑菌酯、pyraziflumid、吡菌磷、吡菌苯威、pyributacarb、pyridachlometyl、啶斑肟(pyrifenox)、苯啶菌酮(pyriofenone)、perisoxazole、嘧霉胺(pyrimethanil)、啶斑肟、硝吡咯菌素(pyrrolnitrin)、咯喹酮(pyroquilon)、氟喹唑、灭螨猛(quinmethionate)、quinofumelin、喹氧灵、五氯硝基苯、硅噻菌胺(silthiofam)、氟唑环菌胺(sedaxane)、硅氟唑(simeconazole)、螺环菌胺、链霉素、硫、戊唑醇、异丁乙氧喹啉、teclofthalam、叶枯酞、四氯硝基苯、特比萘芬、氟醚唑、噻苯达唑、噻呋酰胺、托布津、甲基托布津、塞仑、噻酰菌胺、甲基立枯磷、三氟甲氧威(tolprocarb)、甲苯氟磺胺、三唑酮、三唑醇、嘧菌醇、咪唑嗪(triazoxide)、碱式硫酸铜(tribasic copper sulfate)、氯啶菌酯、十三吗啉、肟菌酯、氟菌唑、三莫嘧三环唑(trimoprhamide tricyclazole)、肟菌酯、嗪氨灵、灭菌唑、烯效唑(uniconazole)、有效霉素、缬菌胺(valifenalate,也称为缬菌胺(valifenal))、乙烯菌核利(vinclozoline)、代森锌、福美锌、苯酰菌胺(zoxamide)和1-[4-[4-[5-(2,6-二氟苯基)-4,5-二氢-3-异噁唑基]-2-噻唑基]-1-哌啶基]-2-[5-甲基-3-(三氟甲基)-1H-吡唑-1-基]乙酮;杀线虫剂,诸如氟吡菌酰胺、螺虫乙酯、硫双威、噻唑膦、阿巴汀、异菌脲、联氟砜、二甲基二硫化物、噻唑沙芬、1,3-二氯丙烯(1,3-D)、威百亩(钠和钾)、棉隆、氯化苦、苯线磷(fenamiphos)、灭线磷、硫线磷(cadusaphos)、特丁硫磷、咪唑环磷(imicyafos)、杀线威、克百威、噻唑沙芬(tioxazafen)、坚强芽孢杆菌和西泽巴斯德氏芽菌;杀菌剂,诸如链霉素;杀螨剂,诸如双甲脒、灭螨猛、乙酯杀螨醇、三环锡(cyhexatin)、三氯杀螨醇、除螨灵、乙螨唑、喹螨醚、苯丁锡、甲氰菊酯、唑螨酯、噻螨酮、克螨特、哒螨灵和吡螨胺。
在某些情况下,本披露的化合物与其他生物学活性(特别是无脊椎有害生物防治)化合物或药剂(即活性成分)的组合可导致增强的效应。降低释放在环境中的活性成分的量,同时确保有效的有害生物控制一直是人们所期望的。当增强的无脊椎有害生物防治以获得农学上令人满意的无脊椎有害生物防治水平的施加量出现时,此类组合可有利地用于降低作物生产成本并且减少环境负荷。
可以将本披露的化合物及其组合物施用于经基因转化以表达对无脊椎有害生物有毒的蛋白质(诸如苏云金芽孢杆菌δ-内毒素)的植物。此种施用可提供更广谱的植物保护,并且对于抗性管理是有利的。本披露的外源性施加的无脊椎有害生物防治化合物与表达的毒素蛋白质组合可提供增强的效应。
这些农用保护剂(即杀昆虫剂、杀真菌剂、杀线虫剂、杀螨剂、除草剂和生物剂)的一般参考文献包括The Pesticide Manual[农药手册],第13版,C.D.S.Tomlin编辑,British Crop Protection Council[英国作物保护委员会],Farnham,Surrey,U.K.[英国萨里法纳姆],2003和The BioPesticide Manual[生物农药手册],第2版,L.G.Copping编辑,英国作物保护委员会,Farnham,Surrey,U.K.[英国萨里法纳姆],2001。
本披露的化合物可与多核苷酸组合或一起配制,这些多核苷酸包括但不限于DNA、RNA和/或化学修饰的核苷酸,这些核苷酸通过减量调节、干扰、抑制或沉默呈现杀昆虫效果的遗传衍生的转录物来影响特定靶的量。
对于其中使用这些不同混合组分中的一种或多种的实施例,这些不同混合组分(总量)与式1的化合物的重量比典型地在约1:3000与约3000:1之间。值得注意的是在约1:300与约300:1之间的重量比(例如在约1:30与约30:1之间的比率)。本领域技术人员可以通过简单的实验容易地确定所希望的生物学活性谱所必需的活性成分的生物学有效量。将明显的是,包含这些附加组分可使无脊椎有害生物防治谱扩展超出由单独的式1的化合物的防治谱。
表A列出了式1或式1’的化合物与其他无脊椎有害生物控制剂的具体组合,例证了本披露的混合物、组合物和方法。表A的第一列列出了具体的无脊椎有害生物控制剂(例如,第一行中的“阿巴汀”)。表A的第二列列出了无脊椎有害生物控制剂的作用方式(如果已知的话)或化学类别。表A的第三列列出了无脊椎有害生物控制剂可以相对于式1或式1’的化合物施用的比率的重量比范围的一个或多个实施例(例如,按重量计,阿巴汀相对于式1或式1’的化合物为“50:1至1:50”)。因此,例如,表A的第一行具体披露了式1或式1’的化合物与阿巴汀的组合可以以50:1至1:50之间的重量比施用。表A的其余行将被类似地构造。进一步值得注意的是,表A列出了式1或式1’的化合物与其他无脊椎有害生物控制剂的具体组合,例证了本披露的混合物、组合物和方法,并且包括施用量的重量比范围的附加实施例。
表A
值得注意的是本披露的组合物,其中至少一种附加生物学活性化合物或试剂选自上表A中列出的无脊椎有害生物控制剂。
包括式1或式1’的化合物、其N-氧化物或盐的化合物与附加无脊椎有害生物控制剂的重量比典型地在1000:1与1:1000之间,其中一个实施例在500:1与1:500之间,另一个实施例在250:1与1:200之间,并且另一个实施例在100:1与1:50之间。
以下表B1中列出了包含式1的化合物(化合物编号(Cmpd.No.)是指索引表A中的化合物)和附加无脊椎有害生物控制剂的具体组合物的实施例。
表B1
表B1中所列出的具体混合物典型地以表A中所指定的比率将式1的化合物与其他无脊椎有害生物药剂组合。
以下表C1中列出了包含式1的化合物(化合物编号(Cmpd.No.)是指索引表A中的化合物)和附加无脊椎有害生物控制剂的具体混合物。表C1进一步列出了表C1的混合物的典型特定重量比。例如,表C1的第一行的第一重量比条目具体披露了以100份化合物1比1份阿巴汀的重量比施用的索引表A的化合物1与阿巴汀的混合物。
表C1
以下表D1中列出了包含式1的化合物(化合物编号(Cmpd.No.)是指索引表A中的化合物)和附加杀真菌剂的具体组合物的实施例。
表D1
在农学和非农学应用中,通过将生物学有效量的一种或多种通常呈组合物形式的本披露的化合物施用到有害生物环境中,包括侵害的农学和/或非农学场所,施用到待保护的区域中,或直接施用到待防治的有害生物上,来防治无脊椎有害生物。
因此,本披露包括一种用于在农学和/或非农业应用中防治无脊椎有害生物的方法,该方法包括使无脊椎有害生物或其环境与生物学有效量的一种或多种本披露的化合物或与包含至少一种这样的化合物的组合物或包含至少一种这样的化合物和生物学有效量的至少一种附加生物学活性化合物或试剂的组合物接触。包含本披露的化合物和生物学有效量的至少一种附加生物学活性化合物或试剂的合适组合物的实例包括颗粒状组合物,其中该附加活性化合物存在于与本披露的化合物相同的颗粒上或存在于与本披露的化合物的那些颗粒分开的颗粒上。
为实现与本披露的化合物或组合物接触以保护大田作物免受无脊椎有害生物的侵害,通常在种植之前将该化合物或组合物施用到作物种子上,施用到作物植株的叶子(例如,叶、茎、花、果实)上,或在种植作物之前或之后施用到土壤或其他生长介质上。
接触方法的一个实施例是通过喷雾。替代性地,包含本披露的化合物的颗粒状组合物可以施加到植物叶子或土壤。也可以通过使植株与作为液体制剂的土壤浸液、到土壤中的颗粒状制剂、育苗箱处理物或移植浸渍液施加的包含本披露的化合物的组合物接触来通过植物吸收有效地递送本披露的化合物。值得注意的是呈土壤浸液液体制剂形式的本披露的组合物。还值得注意的是用于防治无脊椎有害生物的方法,该方法包括使无脊椎有害生物或其环境与生物学有效量的本披露的化合物或与包含生物学有效量的本披露的化合物的组合物接触。进一步值得注意的是这种方法,其中环境是土壤并且该组合物作为土壤浸液制剂施用到土壤中。进一步值得注意的是还通过局部施用到侵害的场所来使本披露的化合物是有效的。其他接触方法包括通过直接喷雾和滞留喷雾、空气喷雾、凝胶、种子包衣、微胶囊化、内吸吸收、诱饵、耳标、大丸药、喷雾器、熏剂、气溶胶、粉剂以及许多其他方法来施加本披露的化合物或组合物。接触方法的一个实施例是包含本披露的化合物或组合物的尺寸上稳定的肥料颗粒、小棒或片剂。本披露的化合物还可浸渍到用于制造无脊椎有害生物防治装置(例如,防昆虫网)的材料中。
本披露的化合物可用于处理所有植物、植物部分和种子。植物和种子品种和栽培品系可通过常规的繁殖和育种方法或通过基因工程方法获得。经遗传修饰的植株或种子(转基因植物或种子)是其中异源性基因(转基因)已被稳定整合进植株或种子基因组中的那些。由转基因在植株基因组中的特定位置所限定的转基因被称为转化或转基因事件。
可根据本披露处理的经基因修饰的植物和种子栽培品系包括抵抗一种或多种生物胁迫的那些(有害生物,诸如线虫、昆虫、螨虫、真菌等)或非生物胁迫(干旱、低温、土壤盐化等),或包含其他期望的特征的那些。植物和种子可经基因修饰以表现出性状,例如除草剂耐受性、昆虫抗性、修饰的油特征或耐旱性。包括单个基因转化事件或转化事件的组合的有用的经遗传修饰的植株和种子列出于表Z中。对于表Z中列出的遗传修饰的附加信息可获自以下数据库:
http://www2.oecd.org/biotech/byidentifier.aspx
http://www.aphis.usda.go
http://gmoinfo.jrc.ec.europa.eu
以下缩写用于随后的表Z中:tol.为耐受性,res.为抗性,SU为磺酰脲类,ALS为乙酰乳酸合酶,HPPD为4-羟基苯丙酮酸双加氧酶,NA为不可用。
表Z
*阿根廷,**波兰,#茄子
用本披露的化合物处理经遗传修饰的植株和种子可导致增强的效应。例如,降低施用量、拓展活性谱、增加对生物/非生物胁迫的耐受性或增强储存稳定性可大于来自仅简单在经基因修饰的植物和种子上施用本披露的化合物的加性效应所预期的。
本披露的化合物还可用于种子处理剂中以保护种子免受无脊椎有害生物。在本披露和权利要求书的上下文中,处理种子意指使种子与生物学有效量的通常被配制成本披露的组合物的本披露的化合物接触。该种子处理剂保护种子免受无脊椎土壤有害生物的侵害并且总体上还可以保护由发芽种子发育成的幼苗的根和其他与土壤接触的植株部位。该种子处理剂还可以通过使本披露的化合物或第二活性成分在发育中的植物中易位来向叶子提供保护。可向所有类型的种子施用种子处理,包括将发芽形成遗传转化以表达特定性状的植株的那些种子。代表性实例包括表达对无脊椎有害生物有毒的蛋白质的那些,诸如苏云金芽孢杆菌毒素,或表达抗除草剂性的那些,诸如提供草甘膦抗性的草甘膦乙酰转移酶。使用本披露的化合物的种子处理还可增加由经处理的种子生长出的植株的活力。
种子处理的一种方法是在播撒种子之前,通过用本披露的化合物(即作为配制的组合物)对种子喷雾或撒粉。经配制用于种子处理的组合物通常包含成膜剂或粘合剂。因此,典型地本披露的种子包衣组合物包含生物学有效量的式1的化合物、其N-氧化物或盐以及成膜剂或粘合剂。可通过将可流动的悬浮液浓缩物直接喷雾到种子的翻滚床中并且然后干燥种子来为种子包衣。替代地,可将其他制剂类型诸如湿粉、溶液、悬浮乳液、可乳化的浓缩物和水中的乳液喷雾在种子上。该方法特别可用于将膜包衣施用在种子上。本领域技术人员可使用各种包衣机器和方法。合适的方法包括在P.Kosters等人,Seed Treatment:Progress and Prospects[种子处理:进展与前景],1994BCPC专著号57以及其中列出的参考文献中列出的那些方法。
式1或式1’的化合物和它们的组合物,单独地或者与其他杀昆虫剂和杀真菌剂组合,特别可用于对作物的种子处理,这些作物包括但不限于玉蜀黍或玉米、大豆、棉、谷类(例如,小麦、燕麦、大麦、黑麦和稻)、马铃薯、蔬菜和油菜。
可与式1或式1’的化合物一起配制以提供可用于种子处理的混合物的其他杀昆虫剂包括阿巴汀、啶虫脒、氟丙菊酯、双甲脒、阿维菌素、印楝素、杀虫磺、联苯菊酯、噻嗪酮、甲萘威、克百威、杀螟丹、氯虫苯甲酰胺、溴虫腈、毒死蜱、噻虫胺、溴氰虫酰胺、氟氯氰菊酯、高效氟氯氰菊酯、三氟氯氰菊酯、精高效氯氟氰菊酯、高效氯氟氰菊酯、氯氰菊酯、顺式氯氰菊酯、ζ-氯氰菊酯、灭蝇胺、溴氰菊酯、狄氏剂、呋虫胺、苯虫醚、甲氨基阿维菌素、硫丹、高氰戊菊酯、乙虫腈、醚菊酯、乙螨唑、苯硫威、苯氧威、氰戊菊酯、氟虫腈、氟啶虫酰胺、氟虫双酰胺、氟虫脲、氟胺氰菊酯、伐虫脒、噻唑膦、氟铃脲、氟蚁腙、吡虫啉、茚虫威、虱螨脲、氰氟虫腙、甲硫威、灭多威、烯虫酯、甲氧虫酰肼、烯啶虫胺、硝虫噻嗪、氟酰脲、杀线威、吡蚜酮、除虫菊素、哒螨灵、啶虫丙醚、吡丙醚、兰尼碱、乙基多杀菌素、多杀菌素、螺螨酯、螺甲螨酯、螺虫乙酯、氟啶虫胺腈、虫酰肼、胺菊酯、噻虫啉、噻虫嗪、硫双威、杀虫双、四溴菊酯、唑蚜威、杀铃脲、苏云金芽孢杆菌δ-内毒素、苏云金芽孢杆菌的所有菌株和核型多角体病毒的所有毒株。
可与式1或式1’的化合物一起配制以提供可用于种子处理的混合物的杀真菌剂包括吲唑磺菌胺、嘧菌酯、啶酰菌胺、多菌灵、萎锈灵、霜脲氰、环唑醇、苯醚甲环唑、烯酰吗啉、氟啶胺、咯菌腈、氟喹唑、氟吡菌胺、氟嘧菌酯、粉唑醇、氟唑菌酰胺、种菌唑、异菌脲、甲霜灵、精甲霜灵、叶菌唑、腈菌唑、多效唑、氟唑菌苯胺、啶氧菌酯、丙硫菌唑、唑菌胺酯、氟唑环菌胺、硅噻菌胺、戊唑醇、噻苯达唑、甲基托布津、塞仑、肟菌酯和灭菌唑。
可用于种子处理的包含式1的化合物的组合物可进一步包含细菌,诸如短小芽孢杆菌(例如,菌株GB34)和坚强芽孢杆菌(例如,分离物1582)、根瘤菌接种剂/增充剂、异黄酮和脂壳寡糖。
经处理的种子通常包含本披露的化合物,该化合物的量是约0.1g至1kg/100kg种子(即处理前种子的约0.0001重量%至1重量%)。经配制用于种子处理的可流动的悬浮液通常包含从约0.5%至约70%的活性成分、从约0.5%至约30%的成膜粘合剂、从约0.5%至约20%的分散剂、从0%至约5%的增稠剂、从0%至约5%的颜料和/或染料、从0%至约2%的消泡剂、从0至约1%的防腐剂、以及从0%至约75%的挥发性液体稀释剂。
本披露的化合物可被结合到饵料组合物中,该饵料组合物被无脊椎有害生物食用或用于装置诸如诱捕器、饵料站等中。此种诱饵组合物可呈颗粒剂的形式,该颗粒剂包含(a)活性成分,即生物学有效量的式1的化合物、其N-氧化物或盐;(b)一种或多种食物材料;任选地(c)引诱剂,和任选地(d)一种或多种湿润剂。值得注意的是颗粒或饵料组合物,其包含在约0.001%-5%之间的活性成分、约40%-99%的食物材料和/或引诱剂;以及任选地约0.05%-10%的湿润剂,其可在非常低的施用量下,特别是通过摄取而不是通过直接接触时致命的活性成分剂量下,有效防治土壤无脊椎有害生物。一些食物材料可用作食物来源和引诱剂二者。食物材料包括碳水化合物、蛋白质和脂质。食物材料的实例是蔬菜粉、糖、淀粉、动物脂肪、植物油、酵母提取物和乳固体。引诱剂的实例是增味剂和风味剂,诸如水果或植物提取物、香料、或其他动物或植物组分、信息素或已知用于吸引目标无脊椎有害生物的其他剂。湿润剂(即保水剂)的实例是乙二醇和其他多元醇、甘油和山梨醇。值得注意的是用于防治至少一种选自由蚂蚁、白蚁和蟑螂组成的组的无脊椎有害生物的饵料组合物(以及使用此种饵料组合物的方法)。一种用于防治无脊椎有害生物的装置可包含本发明的诱饵组合物和被适配成容纳诱饵组合物的外壳,其中外壳具有至少一个开口,其尺寸设定成允许无脊椎有害生物通过开口,使无脊椎有害生物能够从外壳以外的位置接近诱饵组合物,并且其中外壳进一步被适配成放置在无脊椎有害生物可能或已知的活动场所中或附近。
可在没有其他辅助剂的情况下施用本披露的化合物,但是最常见的施用是施用制剂,该制剂包含一种或多种具有合适的载体、稀释剂和表面活性剂的活性成分,并且根据所设想的最终用途有可能与食物组合。一种施用方法涉及将本披露的化合物的水分散体或精炼油溶液喷雾。与喷雾油、喷雾油浓缩液、粘展剂、辅助剂、其他溶剂和胡椒基丁醚的组合通常增强化合物功效。对于非农学用途,此类喷雾可从喷雾容器诸如罐、瓶或其他容器中,借助于泵或通过将其从加压容器例如加压气溶胶喷雾罐中释放出来施用。此类喷雾组合物可采取多种形式,例如喷雾、薄雾、泡沫、烟雾或尘雾。因此,根据具体情况,此类喷雾组合物可进一步包含推进剂、发泡剂等。值得注意的是包含生物学有效量的本披露的化合物或组合物以及载体的喷雾组合物。此种喷雾组合物的一个实施例包含生物学有效量的本披露的化合物或组合物以及推进剂。代表性推进剂包括但不限于甲烷、乙烷、丙烷、丁烷、异丁烷、丁烯、戊烷、异戊烷、新戊烷、戊烯、氢氟烃、氯氟烃、二甲醚和前述的混合物。值得注意的是用于防治至少一种无脊椎有害生物的喷雾组合物(和使用由喷雾容器分配的此种喷雾组合物的方法),该至少一种无脊椎有害生物选自由以下组成的组:蚊子、蚋、厩螯蝇、鹿虻、马蝇、胡蜂、小黄蜂、大黄蜂、蜱虫、蜘蛛、蚂蚁、蠓等,包括单独地或以组合。
本披露的一个实施例涉及一种用于防治无脊椎有害生物的方法,该方法包括用水稀释本公开的杀有害生物组合物(用表面活性剂、固体稀释剂和液体稀释剂配制的式1或式1’的化合物,或式1或式1’的化合物和至少一种其他杀有害生物剂的配制的混合物),以及任选地添加辅助剂以形成稀释的组合物,并且使无脊椎有害生物或它的环境与有效量的所述稀释的组合物接触。
尽管通过用水稀释足够浓度的本发明的杀有害生物组合物形成的喷雾组合物可提供充分的防治无脊椎有害生物的功效,但单独配制的辅助剂产品也可被添加到喷雾槽混合物中。这些附加的辅助剂通常被称为“喷雾辅助剂”或“槽-混合辅助剂”,并且包含混合在喷雾槽中以改善杀有害生物剂的性能或改变喷雾混合物的物理特性的任何物质。辅助剂可以是表面活性剂、乳化剂、基于石油的作物油、作物衍生的种子油、酸化剂、缓冲液、增稠剂或消泡剂。辅助剂被用于增强功效(例如,生物利用度、粘附性、渗透性、覆盖均匀度和保护耐久性),或最小化或消除与不相容性、发泡、飘移、蒸发、挥发和降解相关联的喷雾应用问题。为了获得最佳性能,关于活性成分的特性、制剂和目标(例如,作物、昆虫有害生物)来选择辅助剂。
在喷雾辅助剂之中,最通常使用油(包括作物油、作物油浓缩物、植物油浓缩物和甲基化种子油浓缩物)来改善杀有害生物剂的功效,这可能是通过促进更均匀且一致的喷雾沉积来实现的。在其中可能由油或其他与水不混溶的液体引起的植物毒性是重要的情况下,由本披露的组合物制备的喷雾组合物通常将不含油基喷雾辅助剂。然而,在其中由油基喷雾辅助剂造成的植物毒性在商业上不重要的情况下,由本发明组合物的组合物制备的喷雾组合物也可含有油基喷雾辅助剂,这可潜在地进一步增加对无脊椎有害生物的防治、以及耐雨性。
确定为“作物油”的产品典型地含有95%至98%的石蜡或石脑油基石油和1%至2%的一种或多种用作乳化剂的表面活性剂。确定为“作物油浓缩物”的产品通常由80%至85%的可乳化石油基油和15%至20%的非离子表面活性剂组成。正确地确定为“植物油浓缩物”的产品通常由80%至85%的植物油(即种子油或果实油,最通常来自棉花、亚麻籽、大豆或向日葵)和15%至20%的非离子表面活性剂组成。可通过用通常衍生自植物油的脂肪酸的甲酯替代植物油来改善辅助剂性能。甲基化种子油浓缩物的实例包括浓缩物(UAP-Loveland产品公司(UAP-Loveland Products,Inc.))和Premium MSO甲基化喷雾油(海伦娜化学公司(Helena Chemical Company))。
添加到喷雾混合物中的辅助剂的量通常不超过按体积计约2.5%,并且更通常地该量为按体积计从约0.1%至约1%。添加到喷雾混合物中的辅助剂的施用量通常在每公顷约1L至5L之间。喷雾辅助剂的代表性实例包括:(先正达公司(Syngenta))液烃中的47%甲基化菜籽油、(海伦娜化学公司(HelenaChemical Company))聚醚改性的七甲基三硅氧烷以及(巴斯夫公司(BASF))83%石蜡基矿物油中的17%表面活性剂共混物。
非农学应用包括通过向待保护动物(特别是脊椎动物,更特别地恒温脊椎动物(例如,哺乳动物或鸟类)并且最特别地哺乳动物)施用杀寄生虫有效(即生物学有效)量的本披露化合物(典型地呈被配制用于兽医用途的组合物的形式)来保护动物免受无脊椎寄生性有害生物的侵害。因此,值得注意的是用于保护动物的方法,该方法包括向动物施用杀寄生虫有效量的本披露的化合物。如在本披露和权利要求中所提及,术语“杀寄生虫的”和“杀寄生虫地”是指对无脊椎寄生性有害生物的可观察影响,以保护动物免受有害生物的侵害。杀寄生虫效果典型地与减少目标无脊椎寄生性有害生物的出现或活动有关。此类对有害生物的影响包括坏死、死亡、生长迟缓、移动性降低或留在宿主动物身上或体内的能力降低、取食减少和生殖抑制。这些对无脊椎寄生性有害生物的影响防治(包括预防、减少或消除)动物的寄生虫侵害或感染。通过向待保护动物施用杀寄生虫有效量的本披露的化合物来防治的无脊椎寄生性有害生物的实例包括体表寄生虫(节肢动物、螨类(acarines)等)和体内寄生虫(蠕虫,例如线虫、吸虫、绦虫、棘头动物等)。特别地,本披露的化合物对包括以下的体表寄生虫有效:蝇,诸如角蝇(Haematobia(Lyperosia)irritans)、厩螯蝇(Stomoxyscalcitrans)、蚋(蚋属(Simulium)物种)、采采蝇(舌蝇属(Glossina)物种)、头蝇(Hydrotaea irritans)、秋家蝇(Musca autumnalis))、家蝇(Musca domestica)、简莫蝇(Morellia simplex)、马蝇(虻属物种)、牛皮蝇(Hypoderma bovis)、纹皮蝇(Hypodermalineatum)、丝光绿蝇(Lucilia sericata)、绿头苍蝇(Lucilia cuprina)、丽蝇(丽蝇属(Calliphora)物种)、原伏蝇属(Protophormia)物种、羊狂蝇(Oestrus ovis)、蠓(库蠓属(Culicoides)物种)、马虱蝇(Hippobosca equine)、肠胃蝇(Gastrophilusinstestinalis)、赤马胃蝇(Gastrophilus haemorrhoidalis)和鼻胃蝇(Gastrophilusnaslis);虱,诸如牛毛虱(Bovicola(Damalinia)bovis)、马毛虱(Bovicolaequi)、驴血虱(Haematopinus asini)、猫毛虱(Felicola subrostratus)、袋鼠虱(Heterodoxusspiniger)、棘颚虱(Lignonathus setosus)和犬毛虱(Trichodectescanis);羊蜱蝇,诸如绵羊虱蝇;螨,诸如痒螨属(Psoroptes)物种、人疥螨(Sarcoptesscabei)、牛皮痒螨(Chorioptes bovis)、马蠕形螨(Demodex equi)、姬螯螨属(Cheyletiella)物种、背肛螨(Notoedres cati)、恙螨属(Trombicula)物种和耳螨(Otodectescyanotis);蜱,诸如硬蜱属(Ixodes)物种、牛蜱属(Boophilus)物种、扇头蜱属(Rhipicephalus)物种、花蜱属(Amblyomma)物种、革蜱属(Dermacentor)物种、璃眼蜱属(Hyalomma)物种和血蜱属(Haemaphysalis)物种;和跳蚤,诸如猫蚤(Ctenocephalidesfelis)和犬蚤(Ctenocephalides canis)。
兽医部门中的非农学应用是通过常规手段,诸如以例如片剂、胶囊、饮料、浸液制品、颗粒剂、糊剂、大丸药、喂入程序或栓剂的形式肠道内施用;或诸如通过注射(包括肌内注射、皮下注射、静脉内注射、腹膜内注射)或植入物的肠胃外施用;鼻腔施用;例如以浸泡或浸渍、喷雾、洗涤、粉末涂层、或施加于动物的一小块区域和通过包含本披露的化合物或组合物的物品(诸如颈圈、耳标、尾带、肢带或缰绳)的形式局部施用。
典型地,根据本披露的杀寄生虫组合物包含式1或式1’的化合物、其N-氧化物或盐与一种或多种药学上或兽医学上可接受的载体的混合物,该一种或多种药学上或兽医学上可接受的载体包含关于预期施用途径(例如,口服、局部或肠胃外施用,诸如注射)并且根据标准操作选择的赋形剂和助剂。另外,基于与组合物中的一种或多种活性成分的相容性选择合适的载体,包括诸如相对于pH和水分含量的稳定性的考虑。因此,值得注意的是用于保护动物免受无脊椎寄生性有害生物侵害的组合物,该组合物包含杀寄生虫有效量的本披露的化合物和至少一种载体。
对于包括静脉内注射、肌内注射和皮下注射的肠胃外施用,本披露的化合物可在油性或水性媒介物中以悬浮液、溶液或乳液的形式配制,并且可含有诸如悬浮剂、稳定剂和/或分散剂的辅助剂。用于注射的药物组合物包括水溶性形式的活性成分(例如,活性化合物的盐)的水性溶液,优选在含有其他赋形剂或助剂的生理相容性缓冲液中,如药物制剂领域中已知的。
对于以溶液(最容易获得的吸收形式)、乳液、悬浮液、糊剂、凝胶、胶囊、片剂、大丸药、粉末、颗粒剂、瘤胃滞留和饲料/水/舔块的形式口服施用,本披露的化合物可以与本领域已知的适用于口服施用组合物的粘合剂/填料一起配制,诸如糖(例如,乳糖、蔗糖、甘露醇、山梨糖醇)、淀粉(例如,玉蜀黍淀粉、小麦淀粉、稻米淀粉、马铃薯淀粉)、纤维素和衍生物(例如,甲基纤维素、羧甲基纤维素、乙基羟基纤维素)、蛋白质衍生物(例如,玉米醇溶蛋白(zein)、明胶)和合成聚合物(例如,聚乙烯醇、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮)。如果需要,可以添加润滑剂(例如硬脂酸镁)、崩解剂(例如,交联聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、琼脂、褐藻酸)和染料或颜料。糊剂和凝胶通常还含有粘合剂(例如,阿拉伯胶、褐藻酸、膨润土、纤维素、黄原胶、胶体硅酸镁铝),以帮助保持组合物与口腔接触而不易被排出。
如果杀寄生虫组合物呈饲料浓缩物的形式,则载体典型地选自高性能饲料、饲料谷物或蛋白质浓缩物。除了杀寄生虫活性成分之外,此类含有饲料浓缩物的组合物还可以包含促进动物健康或生长、改善屠宰用动物肉质量或以其他方式对动物饲养有用的添加剂。这些添加剂可包括例如维生素、抗生素、化学疗法、抑菌剂、抑真菌剂、抗球虫剂和激素。
已发现本披露化合物具有良好的药代动力学和药效学特性,从而通过口服施用和摄取提供全身可用性。因此,在待保护的动物摄取后,血流中杀寄生虫有效浓度的本披露化合物保护经处理的动物免受吸血有害生物(诸如跳蚤、蜱虫和虱)的侵害。因此,值得注意的是用于保护动物免受无脊椎寄生性有害生物侵害的呈用于口服施用的形式的组合物(即,除了杀寄生虫有效量的本披露的化合物外,还包含一种或多种选自适用于口服施用的粘合剂和填料的载体以及饲料浓缩物载体)。
用于局部施用的制剂典型地呈粉末、乳膏、悬浮液、喷雾、乳液、泡沫、糊剂、气溶胶、软膏、药膏或凝胶的形式。更典型地,局部制剂是水溶性溶液,其可以呈浓缩物的形式,在使用前稀释。适用于局部施用的杀寄生虫组合物典型地包含本披露的化合物和一种或多种局部合适的载体。在将杀寄生虫组合物作为线或点(即“点样”处理)局部施加至动物的外部时,活性成分迁移到动物的表面以覆盖其大部分或全部外表面区域。因此,经处理的动物特别地被保护免受以动物表皮为食的无脊椎有害生物(诸如蜱虫、跳蚤和虱)的侵害。因此,用于局部施用的制剂通常包含至少一种有机溶剂,以促进活性成分在动物皮肤上的运输和/或渗透到动物表皮内。在此类制剂中通常用作载体的溶剂包括丙二醇、石蜡、芳族化合物、酯(诸如肉豆蔻酸异丙酯)、乙二醇醚和醇(诸如乙醇和正丙醇)。
有效防治所需的施用率(即“生物学有效量”)将取决于诸如以下的因素:待防治的无脊椎动物种类、有害生物的生命周期、生命阶段、其大小、位置、一年中的时间、寄主作物或动物、取食行为、交配行为、环境湿度、温度。在正常情况下,每公顷约0.01kg至2kg活性成分的施用量足以在农业生态系统中防治有害生物,但是低至0.0001kg/公顷可能就足够,或可能需要高达8kg/公顷。对于非农学应用,有效的使用量将在约1.0mg/平方米至50mg/平方米之间,但是低至0.1mg/平方米可能就足够,或可能需要高达150mg/平方米。本领域技术人员可以容易地确定希望的无脊椎有害生物防治水平所需的生物学有效量。
通常对于兽医用途,将式1或式1’的化合物、其N-氧化物或盐以杀寄生虫有效量施用到待保护以免受无脊椎寄生性有害生物侵害的动物。杀寄生虫有效量是达到可观察效果(减少目标无脊椎寄生性有害生物的出现或活动)所需的活性成分的量。本领域技术人员将理解,杀寄生虫有效剂量可因本披露的各种化合物和组合物、期望的杀寄生虫效果和持续时间、目标无脊椎有害生物种类、待保护的动物、施加模式等而变化,并且实现特定结果所需的量可以通过简单的实验来确定。
对于恒温动物的口服施用,本披露的化合物的日剂量典型地为动物体重的从约0.01mg/kg至约100mg/kg,更典型地从约0.5mg/kg至约100mg/kg。对于局部(例如,表皮)施用,浸渍液和喷雾典型地含有从约0.5ppm至约5000ppm,更典型地从约1ppm至约3000ppm的本披露化合物。
最近计算机处理能力的进步为科学家们提供了前所未有的机会利用硅片工具来预测和研究与异型生物质暴露相关的潜在不良后果,以及这些事件的分子基础。虽然目前的计算模型不能完全用来替代所有的体内或体外实验方法,但它们提供了宝贵的工具来产生假设,标记所关注的化合物,并帮助按优先顺序列出和调整化学品以使其适合体外或体内研究。
计算/预测毒理学是迅速发展的学科,其综合了来自多种来源的信息和数据以开发基于数学和计算机的模型,以更好地理解和预测化学试剂和生物有机体在许多尺度(例如,群体、个体、细胞和分子)上的相互作用并且可被认为包括两个广泛的领域:
在一个方面,通过第一原理开发和应用二维(2D)模型(例如,驱动简易化学反应性的结构单元(Wijeyesakere,S.J.等人Development of a Profiler for FacileChemicalReactivity Using the Open-Source Konstanz Information Miner[利用开源的康斯坦茨信息挖掘工具开发简易化学反应性的分析工具].Appl.Vitr.Toxicol.[应用体外毒理学],4,202-213,2018)。此外,为了预测所关注的生物学结果的剂量测定,如果来自类似分子的实验数据是可获得的,则可以进行定量结构-活性关系技术(QSAR)如趋势分析(例如,预测一系列相关有机磷化合物的胆碱能潜力(Makhaeva,G.F.等人Esterase profiles oforganophosphorus compounds in vitropredict their behavior in vivo[有机磷化合物在体外的酯酶谱预测其在体内的行为].Chem.Biol.Interact.[化学-生物相互作用],259,332-342,2016)。Makhaeva,G.F.等人Kinetics and mechanism of inhibition ofserine esterases by fluorinatedcarbethoxy 1-aminophosphonates[氟化的乙酯基1-氨基膦酸酯抑制丝氨酸酯酶的动力学和机制].Dokl.Biochem.Biophys.[生物化学和生物物理学报告],451,203-206,2013)。
在另一个方面,使用策划关于特定结果/作用模式的所有可用信息的“大数据”方法(例如,确定线粒体抑制剂的预测模型(Wijeyesakere,S.J.等人HybridMachine-Learning/SMARTS Profiling Model for Mitochondrial Inhibition[用于线粒体抑制的混合机器学习/SMARTS分析模型].Appl.Vitr.Toxicol.[应用体外毒理学],5,196-204,2019)或可能与确定的神经元受体相互作用的那些(Wijeyesakere,S.J.等人Predictionof cholinergic compounds by machine-learning[通过机器学习预测胆碱能化合物].Comput.Toxicol.[电脑毒理学],13,100119,2020);并将这些2D评估扩展到包括3D技术如对接和分子动力学(MD)模拟以进一步研究毒物与已知/假定生物靶标之间相互作用的分子基础(Wang,Y.等人Mixed inhibition of adenosine deaminase activity by 1,3-dinitrobenzene:A Model for understanding cell-selective neurotoxicity inchemically-induced energy deprivation syndromes in brain[1,3-二硝基苯对腺苷脱氨酶活性的混合抑制:用于理解化学诱发的脑能量不足综合症中细胞选择性神经毒性的模型].Toxicol.Sci.[毒理科学],125,509-521,2012;Gonzalez,T.L.等人Metabolites ofn-Butylparaben and iso-Butylparaben Exhibit Estrogenic Properties in MCF-7andT47D Human Breast Cancer Cell Lines[尼泊金正丁酯和尼泊金异丁酯的代谢物在MCF-7和T47D人乳腺癌细胞株中表现出雌激素特性].Toxicol.Sci.[毒理科学],164,50-59018,2018)。
通过本文描述的方法制备的本披露的化合物在索引表A中示出。对于质谱(MS)数据,报告的数值是通过使用大气压化学电离(AP+)的质谱法观察到的通过H+(分子量为1)加在分子上形成的最高同位素丰度母离子(M+1)的分子量。以下缩写用于随后的索引表中:Cmpd意指化合物,i-Pr意指异丙基,Bu意指丁基,c-Pr意指环丙基,c-Bu意指环丁基,t-Bu意指叔丁基,Et意指乙基。缩写“Ex.”代表“实例”并且后面是数字,该数字表示化合物在哪个合成实例中制备。
通过如前述方案1-13和合成实例1中所述的方法和变体制备的式1或式1’的特定化合物示出于下面的索引表中。可以使用以下缩写:Cmpd意指化合物,t是叔,c是环,Me是甲基,Et是乙基,并且Ph是苯基。缩写“Ex.”代表“实例”并且后面是数字,该数字表示化合物在哪个合成实例中制备。对于质谱数据(AP+(M+1)),报告的数值是为了得到通过使用大气压化学电离(AP+)的质谱法观察到的M+1峰而通过H+(分子量为1)加在分子上形成的母体分子离子(M)的分子量。没有报告含有多种卤素的化合物出现的间隔分子离子峰(例如,M+2或M+4)。
索引表A
索引表B
化合物编号 | R1 | R2 | R5 | MS(M+1) |
73 | -Me | -CF3 | -Cl | 351 |
索引表C
索引表D
索引表E
化合物编号 | R1 | R2 | R3 | R5 | MS(M+1) |
105 | -Me | -CF3 | -Me | -F | 347 |
106 | -Me | -CF3 | -Me | -Br | 409 |
129 | -Me | -CF3 | -Me | -Cl | 362 |
索引表F
化合物编号 | R1 | R2 | R3 | R5 | MS(M+1) |
107 | -Me | -CF3 | -Me | -CF3 | 398 |
108 | -Me | -CF3 | -Me | -Cl | 364 |
126 | -t-Bu | -CF3 | -Me | -CF3 | 439 |
索引表G
化合物编号 | R1 | R2 | R5a | R5b | MS(M+1) |
109 | -t-Bu | -CF3 | -CF3 | -Cl | 459 |
110 | -t-Bu | -CF3 | -CF3 | -CF3 | 493 |
111 | -t-Bu | -CF3 | -CF3 | -Me | 439 |
112 | -CH2C(O)Me | -CF3 | -CF3 | -F | 441 |
113 | -CH2(Me)CH2OMe | -CF3 | -CF3 | -F | 459 |
114 | -t-Bu | -CF3 | -CF3 | -Br | 504 |
115 | -t-Bu | -CF3 | -CF3 | -F | 443 |
索引表H
化合物编号 | R1 | R2 | R5a | R5b | MS(M+1) |
117 | -CH(Me)CH2OMe | -CF3 | -CF3 | -F | 459 |
118 | -t-Bu | -CF3 | -CF3 | -Cl | 459 |
119 | -CH2C(O)Me | -CF3 | -CF3 | -F | 441 |
128 | -t-Bu | -CF3 | -CF3 | -F | 443 |
索引表I
化合物编号 | R1 | R2 | R5a | R5b | MS(M+1) |
123 | -CH2(环己基) | -CF3 | -CF3 | -Me | 486 |
176 | -C(Me)2CF3 | -CF3 | -CF3 | -Me | 500 |
索引表J
化合物编号 | R1 | R2 | R5a | R5b | MS(M+1) |
124 | -t-Bu | -CF3 | -CF3 | -Cl | 459 |
索引表K
化合物编号 | R1 | R2 | R5a | R5b | MS(M+1) |
125 | -t-Bu | -CF3 | -CF3 | -F | 443 |
索引表L
化合物编号 | R1 | R2 | R3 | R5 | MS(M+1) |
127 | -t-Bu | -CF3 | -Me | -CF3 | 439 |
索引表M
化合物编号 | R1 | R2 | R4 | R5 | MS(M+1) |
177 | -C(Me)3 | -CF3 | -C(O)OMe | -CF3 | 483 |
178 | -C(Me)3 | -CF3 | -Me | -CF3 | 439 |
以下测试证明了本披露的化合物对特定有害生物的防治功效。“防治功效”表示导致取食显著降低的对无脊椎有害生物的发育的抑制(包括死亡率)。然而,由化合物提供的有害生物防治保护不限于这些种类。化合物描述参见索引表A-M。
生物学实例
评估化合物效力的杀线虫剂试验
以下测试证明了本披露的化合物对防治特定无脊椎动物的效力。“效力”表示对无脊椎动物发育的抑制,这种抑制导致对植物根部的摄食显著减少和粘扣减少(无脊椎动物的发育结构,代表无脊椎动物在根部的生存和定居)。然而,由化合物提供的无脊椎动物防治保护不仅限于根结线虫物种。
配制和施加方法
使用含有25%丙酮和75%水的溶液来配制测试化合物。配制的化合物通过定位在每个测试单元的顶部上方的滴灌施加器以330μl的液体施加。测试化合物以500ppm和100ppm进行施加,并且每次测试重复三次。
为了评估对根结线虫的防治,测试单元由内部具有4天龄寄主植株的小开口容器组成。将配制的化合物滴灌至容器内并在施加化合物后施用线虫。将测试单元在29.4℃或85F的生长室中保持8天。然后基于根部上存在或不存在虫瘿来视觉评估由线虫的根部侵染。如本文披露的式1的化合物在500ppm和100ppm下已从根部消除了根结线虫虫瘿的存在。
以500ppm测试的化合物中,以下提供了优异的防治效力(100%效力,即,与接种对照相比根部不具有线虫虫瘿):化合物2、化合物1、化合物14、化合物12、化合物11、化合物9、化合物10、化合物8、化合物24、化合物35、化合物33、化合物32、化合物31、化合物30、化合物29、化合物28、化合物27、化合物41、化合物38、化合物128、化合物45、化合物93、化合物50、化合物92、化合物64、化合物63、化合物59、化合物56、和化合物55、化合物165、化合物160、化合物166、化合物133、化合物135、化合物138、化合物139、化合物142、化合物169、化合物143、化合物145、化合物148、化合物170、化合物149、化合物171、化合物173、化合物175、以及化合物179。
以500ppm测试的化合物中,以下提供了优异的防治效力(50%-<100%效力,即,与接种对照相比根部具有50%-<100%减少的线虫虫瘿形成):化合物90、化合物104、化合物7、化合物6、化合物129、化合物88、化合物4、化合物3、化合物106、化合物15、化合物5、化合物34、化合物102、化合物115、化合物100、化合物99、化合物97、化合物44、化合物96、化合物95、化合物125、化合物94、化合物77、化合物51、化合物49、化合物75、化合物46、化合物61、化合物54、化合物72、和化合物122、化合物134、化合物168、化合物152、化合物176、化合物155、以及化合物164。
以100ppm测试的化合物中,以下提供了优异防治效力(100%效力,即,与接种对照相比根部不具有线虫虫瘿):化合物24、化合物92、和化合物64、化合物165、化合物133、化合物138、化合物145、化合物148、化合物171、以及化合物179。
以100ppm测试的化合物中,以下提供了优异的防治效力(50%-<100%效力,即,与接种对照相比根部具有50%-<100%减少的线虫虫瘿形成):化合物2、化合物1、化合物14、化合物12、化合物11、化合物9、化合物10、化合物8、化合物6、化合物3、化合物33、化合物32、化合物31、化合物30、化合物27、化合物41、化合物38、化合物100、化合物44、化合物50、化合物63、化合物59、和化合物56、化合物160、化合物166、化合物135、化合物139、化合物168、化合物142、化合物169、化合物143、化合物170、化合物149、化合物173、以及化合物152。
Claims (20)
1.一种选自式1、其N-氧化物和盐的化合物,
其中
A是苯基、吡啶基或吡嗪基,各自被1-3个R5取代,前提是至少一个R5在邻位;
R1是C1-C6烷基、C3-C6烯基、C3-C6炔基、C3-C8环烷基或C1-C6烷氧基,每个R1任选地被卤素、C1-C4烷基、C1-C4卤代烷基、C3-C6环烷基、氰基、硝基、C1-C4烷氧基、C1-C4卤代烷氧基、C1-C4烷硫基、C1-C4卤代烷硫基、C1-C4烷基亚磺酰基、C1-C4卤代烷基亚磺酰基、C1-C4烷基磺酰基或C1-C4卤代烷基磺酰基取代;
R2是C1-C3卤代烷基或卤素;
Z是O或S
R3a和R3b各自独立地是H、C1-C2烷基、C1-C2卤代烷基,或者R3a和R3b一起形成3元至5元碳环;
R3c和R3d各自独立地是H、C1-C2烷基、C1-C2卤代烷基,或者R3c和R3d一起形成3元至5元碳环;
R4是H、C1-C4烷基、C2-C4烷基羰基或C1-C4烷氧基羰基;
R5是卤素、C1-C4烷基、C1-C4卤代烷基、氰基、硝基、C1-C4烷氧基、C1-C4卤代烷氧基、C1-C4烷硫基、C1-C4卤代烷硫基、C1-C4烷基亚磺酰基、C1-C4卤代烷基亚磺酰基、C1-C4烷基磺酰基或C1-C4卤代烷基磺酰基;
前提是当R1是Me、R2不是CF3时。
2.一种组合物,该组合物包含式1’的化合物、其N-氧化物和盐,该式1’的化合物具有以下结构:
其中
A是苯基、吡啶基或吡嗪基,各自被1-3个R5取代,前提是至少一个R5在邻位;
R1是C1-C6烷基、C3-C6烯基、C3-C6炔基、C3-C8环烷基或C1-C6烷氧基,每个R1任选地被卤素、C1-C4烷基、C1-C4卤代烷基、C3-C6环烷基、氰基、硝基、C1-C4烷氧基、C1-C4卤代烷氧基、C1-C4烷硫基、C1-C4卤代烷硫基、C1-C4烷基亚磺酰基、C1-C4卤代烷基亚磺酰基、C1-C4烷基磺酰基或C1-C4卤代烷基磺酰基取代;
R2是C1-C3卤代烷基或卤素;
Z是O或S
R3a和R3b各自独立地是H、C1-C2烷基、C1-C2卤代烷基,或者R3a和R3b一起形成3元至5元碳环;
R3c和R3d各自独立地是H、C1-C2烷基、C1-C2卤代烷基,或者R3c和R3d一起形成3元至5元碳环;
R4是H、C1-C4烷基、C2-C4烷基羰基或C1-C4烷氧基羰基;
每个R5独立地是卤素、C1-C4烷基、C1-C4卤代烷基、氰基、硝基、C1-C4烷氧基、C1-C4卤代烷氧基、C1-C4烷硫基、C1-C4卤代烷硫基、C1-C4烷基亚磺酰基、C1-C4卤代烷基亚磺酰基、C1-C4烷基磺酰基或C1-C4卤代烷基磺酰基。
4.如权利要求1或权利要求3所述的化合物,其中A是A-1或A-2。
5.如权利要求1或权利要求3-4中任一项所述的化合物,其中A是A-1。
6.如权利要求1中任一项或权利要求3至5中任一项所述的化合物,其中R1是C1-C4烷基、C2-C4卤代烷基、C3-C4环烷基、或CH2(C3-C4环烷基)。
7.如权利要求1、或3至6中任一项所述的化合物,其中R1是Me、C(Me)2CF3、或t-Bu。
8.如权利要求1、或3至7中任一项所述的化合物,其中R1是t-Bu或Me。
9.如权利要求1、或3至8中任一项所述的化合物,其中R2是C(Cl)F2、CF3、CF2CF3、CHF2、或CF2CF2CF3。
11.如权利要求2所述的组合物,其中A是A-1。
12.如权利要求2或权利要求13至14中任一项所述的组合物,其中R1是C1-C4烷基、C2-C4卤代烷基、C3-C4环烷基、或CH2(C3-C4环烷基)。
13.如权利要求2或权利要求13至15中任一项所述的组合物,其中R1是Me。
14.如权利要求1所述的化合物,其中该化合物选自:
N-[2-[4-(1,1-二甲基乙基)-4,5-二氢-5-氧代-3-(三氟甲基)-1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基]乙基]-2-(三氟甲基)苯甲酰胺,
N-[2-[4-(环丙基甲基)-4,5-二氢-5-氧代-3-(三氟甲基)-1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基]乙基]-2-(三氟甲基)苯甲酰胺,
N-[2-[4-(环丙基)-4,5-二氢-5-氧代-3-(三氟甲基)-1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基]乙基]-2-(三氟甲基)苯甲酰胺,
2-氯-N-[2-[4-(1,1-二甲基乙基)-4,5-二氢-5-氧代-3-(三氟甲基)-1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基]乙基]苯甲酰胺,
2-氯-N-[2-[4-(1,1-二甲基乙基)-4,5-二氢-5-氧代-3-(三氟甲基)-1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基]乙基]-3-吡啶甲酰胺,
2-溴-N-[2-[4-(1,1-二甲基乙基)-4,5-二氢-5-氧代-3-(三氟甲基)-1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基]乙基]苯甲酰胺,以及N-[2-[4,5-二氢-5-氧代-4-(2,2,2-三氟-1,1-二甲基乙基)-3-(三氟甲基)-1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基]乙基]-2-(三氟甲基)苯甲酰胺。
15.如权利要求2所述的组合物,其中该式1’的化合物选自:
N-[2-[4-(1,1-二甲基乙基)-4,5-二氢-5-氧代-3-(三氟甲基)-1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基]乙基]-2-(三氟甲基)苯甲酰胺
N-[2-[4,5-二氢-4-甲基-5-氧代-3-(三氟甲基)-1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基]乙基]-2-(三氟甲基)苯甲酰胺
N-[2-[4-(环丙基甲基)-4,5-二氢-5-氧代-3-(三氟甲基)-1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基]乙基]-2-(三氟甲基)苯甲酰胺
N-[2-[4-(环丙基-4,5-二氢-5-氧代-3-(三氟甲基)-1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基]乙基]-2-(三氟甲基)苯甲酰胺
2-氯-N-[2-[4-(1,1-二甲基乙基)-4,5-二氢-5-氧代-3-(三氟甲基)-1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基]乙基]苯甲酰胺
2-氯-N-[2-[4-(1,1-二甲基乙基)-4,5-二氢-5-氧代-3-(三氟甲基)-1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基]乙基]-3-吡啶甲酰胺,
2-溴-N-[2-[4-(1,1-二甲基乙基)-4,5-二氢-5-氧代-3-(三氟甲基)-1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基]乙基]苯甲酰胺,以及
N-[2-[4,5-二氢-5-氧代-4-(2,2,2-三氟-1,1-二甲基乙基)-3-(三氟甲基)-1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基]乙基]-2-(三氟甲基)苯甲酰胺。
16.一种组合物,其包含如权利要求1或2中任一项所述的化合物以及至少一种选自表面活性剂、固体稀释剂和液体稀释剂的附加组分,所述组合物任选地进一步包含至少一种附加生物学活性化合物或试剂。
17.如权利要求16所述的组合物,其中该至少一种附加生物学活性化合物或试剂选自阿巴汀、乙酰甲胺磷、灭螨醌、啶虫脒、氟丙菊酯、双丙环虫酯、磺胺螨酯、双甲脒、阿维菌素、印楝素、保棉磷、丙硫克百威、杀虫磺、联苯菊酯、联苯肼酯、双三氟虫脲、硼酸盐、噻嗪酮、甲萘威、克百威、杀螟丹、伐虫脒、氯虫苯甲酰胺、溴虫腈、氟啶脲、毒死蜱、甲基毒死蜱、环虫酰肼、四螨嗪、噻虫胺、溴氰虫酰胺、环溴虫酰胺、三氟吡啶胺、乙氰菊酯、环氧虫啶、乙唑螨腈、丁氟螨酯、氟氯氰菊酯、高效氟氯氰菊酯、三氟氯氰菊酯、精高效氯氟氰菊酯、高效氯氟氰菊酯、氯氰菊酯、顺式氯氰菊酯、ζ-氯氰菊酯、灭蝇胺、溴氰菊酯、丁醚脲、二嗪磷、狄氏剂、除虫脲、四氟甲醚菊酯、杀虫双、乐果、呋虫胺、苯虫醚、甲氨基阿维菌素、硫丹、高氰戊菊酯、乙虫腈、醚菊酯、乙螨唑、苯丁锡、杀螟硫磷、苯硫威、苯氧威、甲氰菊酯、氰戊菊酯、氟虫腈、氟麦托醌、氟啶虫酰胺、氟虫双酰胺、氟氰戊菊酯、嘧虫胺、氟虫脲、氟菌螨酯、联氟砜、氟吡菌酰胺、氟苯硫奥芬诺克斯、氟吡呋喃酮、氟胺氰菊酯、氟胺氰戊菊酯、地虫硫磷、伐虫脒、噻唑膦、氯虫酰肼、七氟甲醚菊酯、氟铃脲、噻螨酮、氟蚁腙、吡虫啉、茚虫威、杀虫肥皂、异丙胺磷、虱螨脲、马拉硫磷、氯氟醚菊酯、氰氟虫腙、四聚乙醛、甲胺磷、杀扑磷、甲硫威、灭多威、烯虫酯、甲氧滴滴涕、甲氧虫酰肼、甲氧苄氟菊酯、久效磷、单氟菊酯、尼克氟普罗、烟碱、烯啶虫胺、硝虫噻嗪、氟酰脲、多氟脲、N-[1,1-二甲基-2-(甲硫基)乙基]-7-氟-2-(3-吡啶基)-2H-吲唑-4-甲酰胺、N-[1,1-二甲基-2-(甲基亚磺酰基)乙基]-7-氟-2-(3-吡啶基)-2H-吲唑-4-甲酰胺、N-[1,1-二甲基-2-(甲基磺酰基)乙基]-7-氟-2-(3-吡啶基)-2H-吲唑-4-甲酰胺、N-(1-甲基环丙基)-2-(3-吡啶基)-2H-吲唑-4-甲酰胺、以及N-[1-(二氟甲基)环丙基]-2-(3-吡啶基)-2H-吲唑-4-甲酰胺、杀线威、对硫磷、甲基对硫磷、氯菊酯、甲拌磷、伏杀硫磷、亚胺硫磷、磷胺、抗蚜威、丙溴磷、丙氟菊酯、炔螨特、丙苯烃菊酯、吡氟丁酰胺、吡蚜酮、啶吡唑虫胺、除虫菊素、哒螨灵、啶虫丙醚、吡氟喹虫唑、嘧螨胺、吡唑虫啶、吡丙醚、鱼藤酮、兰尼碱、氟硅菊酯、乙基多杀菌素、多杀菌素、螺螨酯、螺甲螨酯、螺虫乙酯、硫丙磷、氟啶虫胺腈、虫酰肼、吡螨胺、氟苯脲、七氟菊酯、杀虫畏、胺菊酯、四氟醚菊酯、噻虫啉、噻虫嗪、硫双威、杀虫双、噻唑沙芬、唑虫酰胺、四溴菊酯、唑蚜威、敌百虫、三氟苯嘧啶、杀铃脲、苏云金芽孢杆菌δ-內毒素、昆虫病原细菌、昆虫病原病毒和昆虫病原真菌。
18.一种用于保护生物体免受无脊椎寄生性有害生物侵害的组合物,其包含杀寄生虫有效量的如权利要求1或2中任一项所述的化合物。
19.一种用于防治无脊椎寄生性有害生物的方法,该方法包括使对其有需要的生物体和/或该生物体的环境与生物学有效量的如权利要求1或2中任一项所述的化合物接触。
20.一种经处理的种子,其包含按处理前该种子的重量计从约0.0001%至1%的量的如权利要求1或2中任一项所述的化合物。
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US2891855A (en) | 1954-08-16 | 1959-06-23 | Geigy Ag J R | Compositions and methods for influencing the growth of plants |
US3235361A (en) | 1962-10-29 | 1966-02-15 | Du Pont | Method for the control of undesirable vegetation |
US3060084A (en) | 1961-06-09 | 1962-10-23 | Du Pont | Improved homogeneous, readily dispersed, pesticidal concentrate |
US3299566A (en) | 1964-06-01 | 1967-01-24 | Olin Mathieson | Water soluble film containing agricultural chemicals |
US3309192A (en) | 1964-12-02 | 1967-03-14 | Du Pont | Method of controlling seedling weed grasses |
US4144050A (en) | 1969-02-05 | 1979-03-13 | Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft | Micro granules for pesticides and process for their manufacture |
US3920442A (en) | 1972-09-18 | 1975-11-18 | Du Pont | Water-dispersible pesticide aggregates |
US4172714A (en) | 1976-12-20 | 1979-10-30 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Dry compactible, swellable herbicidal compositions and pellets produced therefrom |
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US5180587A (en) | 1988-06-28 | 1993-01-19 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Tablet formulations of pesticides |
ES2166919T3 (es) | 1989-08-30 | 2002-05-01 | Kynoch Agrochemicals Proprieta | Preparacion de un dispositivo dosificador. |
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