CN116117173A - Neutron absorption composite material preparation device and method based on screw extrusion - Google Patents

Neutron absorption composite material preparation device and method based on screw extrusion Download PDF

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Publication number
CN116117173A
CN116117173A CN202310122738.4A CN202310122738A CN116117173A CN 116117173 A CN116117173 A CN 116117173A CN 202310122738 A CN202310122738 A CN 202310122738A CN 116117173 A CN116117173 A CN 116117173A
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module
screw extrusion
reaction
precursor
protective
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刘峰
李相龙
宋长辉
詹杰
刘子彬
苏兴东
蒋丹枫
陈推新
刘夏杰
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South China University of Technology SCUT
China Nuclear Power Technology Research Institute Co Ltd
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South China University of Technology SCUT
China Nuclear Power Technology Research Institute Co Ltd
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Priority to CN202310122738.4A priority Critical patent/CN116117173A/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
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    • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
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    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
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    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
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    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/30—Process control
    • B22F10/32—Process control of the atmosphere, e.g. composition or pressure in a building chamber
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
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    • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/40—Radiation means
    • B22F12/41—Radiation means characterised by the type, e.g. laser or electron beam
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/50—Means for feeding of material, e.g. heads
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/50—Means for feeding of material, e.g. heads
    • B22F12/53—Nozzles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
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    • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/50—Means for feeding of material, e.g. heads
    • B22F12/55—Two or more means for feeding material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/70—Gas flow means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y70/00—Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing
    • B33Y70/10—Composites of different types of material, e.g. mixtures of ceramics and polymers or mixtures of metals and biomaterials
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/04—Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
    • C22C1/0408—Light metal alloys
    • C22C1/0416—Aluminium-based alloys
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/04—Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
    • C22C1/05—Mixtures of metal powder with non-metallic powder
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
    • Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors

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Abstract

The invention relates to a neutron absorption composite material preparation device and method based on screw extrusion, wherein the preparation device comprises a screw extrusion module, a material transportation module, a reaction module and a control device, wherein the screw extrusion module is used for printing a precursor and comprises the steps of extruding a matrix material as an integral frame containing pores and extruding a protective material into the pores of the integral frame; the material conveying module is respectively corresponding to the screw extrusion module and the reaction module and is used for conveying the precursor printed by the screw extrusion module to the reaction module; the reaction module is used for heating the precursor, introducing reaction gas and inert protective gas to enable the precursor to perform self-propagating reaction and sinter into a protective component; the control device is used for controlling the actions of the screw extrusion module, the material transportation module and the reaction module. The invention combines multi-material screw extrusion and self-propagating reaction sintering, and can realize high-efficiency and high-quality forming of complex components of neutron protective materials.

Description

Neutron absorption composite material preparation device and method based on screw extrusion
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of 3D printing, and particularly relates to a neutron absorption composite material preparation device and method based on screw extrusion.
Background
The growing development of the atomic energy industry is accompanied by potential safety hazards such as nuclear leakage and nuclear radiation. Among the several nuclear radiation particles, neutron and gamma ray shielding is difficult. Particularly, neutrons are used as electric neutral particles, are not affected by coulomb force, have extremely strong penetrability, can generate secondary gamma rays in the collision process, and are important points of research on modern nuclear radiation protection. Aluminum alloys are widely used in the field of nuclear protection because of their good workability, corrosion resistance and nuclear radiation resistance. In order to further improve the nuclear shielding capability of the component, a learner adds boride with neutron absorption capability into aluminum alloy to form an aluminum-based composite protective material. When boride is used as the second phase, B has a larger thermal neutron absorption section, has a good shielding effect on the neutron, and has strong corrosion resistance and good irradiation resistance. Compared with the traditional aluminum alloy, the aluminum-based composite material has higher strength, wear resistance and neutron absorption effect, has become a substitute material of the traditional aluminum alloy, and is applied to radiation protection shielding of nuclear power station spent fuel storage pools, transport containers and important civil air defense works, personal protection of production operators and the like.
Although aluminum-based composites perform well, there are several challenges in the process of forming complex parts. The forming process of the in-situ aluminum-based composite material part mainly comprises two modes of material reduction manufacturing and material increase manufacturing. Because the workability of the in-situ aluminum-based composite material is poor along with the reduction of plasticity and the increase of hardness, the complex parts of the in-situ aluminum-based composite material are difficult to manufacture by adopting a traditional machining mode; in the aspect of additive manufacturing, 3D printing is generally carried out on an aluminum-based composite part by adopting an SLM laser selective melting technology, and the mass fraction of boride which can be added is low although the technology can manufacture the aluminum-based composite part. The aluminum alloy matrix cannot be well melted and formed due to overhigh powder addition amount or uneven powder mixing, so that the part is easy to deform and crack; and the printing efficiency is low, the equipment and processing cost is high, which severely limits the application of the in-situ aluminum matrix composite material.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problems existing in the prior art, one of the purposes of the invention is as follows: the neutron absorption composite material preparation device based on screw extrusion can prepare complex porous structures, improves the forming precision of parts, ensures the continuity and stability of the performance of the parts, and has the advantages of less energy consumption and high printing efficiency.
The second object of the invention is: a method for preparing neutron absorption composite material based on screw extrusion is provided.
The invention aims at realizing the following technical scheme:
a neutron absorption composite material preparation device based on screw extrusion comprises a screw extrusion module, a material transportation module, a reaction module and a control device,
the screw extrusion module is used for printing a precursor and comprises extruding a matrix material as a whole frame containing pores, and extruding a protective material into the pores of the whole frame;
the material conveying module is respectively corresponding to the screw extrusion module and the reaction module and is used for conveying the precursor printed by the screw extrusion module to the reaction module;
the reaction module is used for heating the precursor, introducing reaction gas and inert protective gas to enable the precursor to perform self-propagating reaction and sinter into a protective component;
the control device is used for controlling the actions of the screw extrusion module, the material transportation module and the reaction module.
Further, the screw extrusion module comprises a sleeve, a base material extrusion assembly and a protective material extrusion assembly, wherein the base material extrusion assembly and the protective material extrusion assembly are uniformly distributed in the sleeve and are respectively provided with a feed inlet, a nozzle is arranged at the bottom of the sleeve, and the material transportation module is arranged below the nozzle.
Further, a heating block is arranged at the nozzle.
Further, the material transportation module comprises a forming platform and a conveyor belt assembly, wherein the forming platform is positioned below the screw extrusion module and is used for bearing the precursor printed by the screw extrusion module; the conveyor belt assembly is connected with the forming platform and is used for driving the forming platform to transport the precursor to the reaction module.
Further, the reaction module comprises a metal cavity and a laser generator, wherein the metal cavity is arranged above the forming platform, an opening is formed in the bottom of the metal cavity so as to be buckled on the forming platform, and the laser generator is used for emitting laser beams to precursors in the metal cavity.
Further, a groove is formed in the forming platform, and the metal cavity is meshed and fixed to the forming platform through the groove.
A method for preparing neutron absorbing composite material based on screw extrusion, which adopts a neutron absorbing composite material preparation device based on screw extrusion, comprises the following steps,
controlling a screw extrusion module to extrude a matrix material to be used as an integral frame containing pores, and extruding a protective material into the pores of the integral frame so as to print out a precursor;
the material transporting module transports the precursor printed by the screw extrusion module to the reaction module;
the reaction module heats the precursor, and introduces the reaction gas and the inert shielding gas, so that the precursor is subjected to self-propagating reaction and sintered into the protective member.
Further, the base material extrusion assembly and the protective material extrusion assembly may be selectively operated individually or simultaneously as desired to extrude a single material or to extrude both materials simultaneously.
Further, when the precursor is printed, the matrix material extrusion assembly is controlled to extrude the matrix material to form an integral frame with pores, the protective material extrusion assembly extrudes the protective material into the pores of the integral frame, and the material transition area is printed in a mode that the matrix material extrusion assembly extrudes the matrix material and the protective material extrusion assembly extrudes the protective material at the same time in a transition area between the matrix material extrusion assembly and the protective material extrusion assembly.
Further, the reaction quantity and the reaction rate of the precursor are controlled by controlling the proportion of the matrix material to the protective material and the mole fraction proportion of the reaction gas to the inert protective gas, so that the regulation and control of the mechanical property of the protective member are realized.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the part forming quality is good: the factors influencing the molding quality of the parts have three points. Firstly, cracking of parts: during SLM3D printing, excessive boride levels can cause aluminum alloy substrates to melt poorly and crack parts. This limits the boride content, resulting in a part with limited improvement in nuclear shielding capability. According to the invention, two extrusion modes of single material extrusion and multi-material mixed extrusion can be freely selected, and the complementary advantages are realized: the single material is extruded in a material separation and time sharing way, so that the mixing of a matrix material and a protective material is avoided, and the possibility of cracking of parts is reduced; the multi-material mixing extrusion realizes the smooth transition of the matrix material and the protective material, and ensures the continuity and stability of the performance. Secondly, deformation of the part: the invention adopts a feeding mode of screw extrusion, the material is extruded through the rotation of the screw, the material is compacted and transported to a nozzle for extrusion, in addition, the screw extrusion assembly is provided with a heating mechanism, and the fluidity of the material is improved through improving the transportation temperature. In screw extrusion, after compaction and heating, the solid content of the material can be greatly improved, the heating deformation is reduced, and a complex porous structure can be printed. Thirdly, the forming precision of the parts: the two screw accommodating cavities share the same sleeve and the nozzle, so that repeated positioning of the screw extrusion assembly during time-sharing extrusion of different materials is avoided, positioning precision is improved, and forming precision of parts is improved.
2. The energy consumption is low: in a common SLM metal 3D printing process: continuous energization of the laser is required for sintering of the powder, which results in energy loss and increased cost. According to the invention, a 3D printing method based on self-propagating reaction is adopted, in the printing process, a laser emitter is started for only a short time to perform ignition operation on a protective material precursor, initial energy is provided through reaction among a matrix material, the protective material and a reaction atmosphere, and then a product with required components and structures can be obtained under the self-sustaining reaction of rapid automatic wave combustion of the precursor. The self-propagating reaction does not need extra heat source except laser ignition, does not need laser continuous sintering, has lower cost and energy consumption compared with laser selective sintering, and has simple equipment and easy manufacture.
3. The printing efficiency is high: in the common SLM metal 3D printing process, the powder is required to be mixed for a long time; the forming is performed point by point in the printing process, and the forming efficiency is low. The invention adopts a screw extrusion mode to realize the high-efficiency extrusion forming of the printing material, adopts a 3D printing method of self-propagating reaction, does not need preheating before printing, integrates self-propagating sintering forming after printing, and has high efficiency in printing complex composite materials.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a neutron absorbing composite material preparation device of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a three-dimensional schematic of a porous structure of a neutron absorbing composite.
FIG. 3 is a schematic printed representation of a neutron absorbing composite porous structure.
In the figure:
the device comprises a first station, a 2-X axis moving platform, a 3-mounting bracket, a 4-shell, a 5-extrusion motor, a 6-coupler, a 7-sleeve, an 8-Z axis moving platform, a 9-screw extrusion module, a 10-heating block, an 11-nozzle, a 12-laser generator, a 13-protective mirror, a 14-metal cavity, a 15-second station, a 16-air valve, a 17-air pipe, an 18-inert protective gas cylinder, a 19-reaction gas cylinder, a 20-vacuum air pump, a 21-lifting module, a 22-forming platform, a 23-conveying belt, 24-front and rear rollers, 25-base materials, 26-transition areas and 27-protective materials.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in further detail below.
The neutron absorption composite material preparation device based on screw extrusion comprises a frame, a screw extrusion module 9, a material transportation module and a reaction module;
the frame is provided with a first station 1 and a second station 15, and the centers of the two stations are positioned on the same straight line. The first station 1 is equipped with a screw extrusion module 9 for the preparation of the precursor and the second station 15 is equipped with a reaction module for the reactive sintering of the protective material 27. A material transport module is also mounted on the frame for transporting the precursor at the first station 1 to the second station 15.
The screw extrusion module 9 includes a moving mechanism and two or more sets of screw extrusion assemblies responsible for extruding the printed material. The moving mechanism is arranged at the first station 1, is connected with the screw extrusion assembly and drives the screw extrusion assembly to move;
the reaction module comprises a metal cavity 14, a vacuum air pump 20, an inert protective gas cylinder 18, a reaction gas cylinder 19, an air pipe 17, an air valve 16, a laser generator 12 and a protective mirror 13, wherein the bottom of the metal cavity 14 is provided with three air valves 16, and one ends of the air valves 16 are respectively connected with the vacuum air pump 20, the inert protective gas cylinder 18 and the reaction gas cylinder 19 through the air pipe 17; the top of the metal cavity 14 is provided with a protective mirror 13 and a laser generator 12, the laser generator 12 is arranged outside the metal cavity 14, and laser beams are emitted to a protective material 27 precursor in the cavity through the protective mirror 13;
the material transportation module comprises a forming platform 22 and a conveyor belt assembly, wherein the conveyor belt assembly is arranged on the frame of the two stations in a penetrating way, and the conveyor belt assembly is connected with the forming platform 22 and drives the forming platform 22 to horizontally move.
The moving mechanism comprises an X-axis mounting plate, a Y-axis mounting plate, an X-axis moving platform 2 for driving the extrusion assembly to translate along the X-axis, a Y-axis moving platform for driving the extrusion assembly to translate along the Y-axis and a Z-axis moving platform 8 for driving the extrusion assembly to translate along the Z-axis; the X axis direction is horizontally arranged, the Y axis direction is horizontal and vertical to the X axis, and the Z axis direction is vertical; the Z-axis moving platform 8 is arranged on the frame, the X-axis moving platform 2 is connected with the Y-axis moving platform through an X-axis mounting plate, so that the X-axis moving platform 2 is driven by the Y-axis moving platform to translate along the Y-axis, and the Y-axis moving platform is connected with the Z-axis moving platform 8 through the Y-axis mounting plate, so that the Y-axis moving platform is driven by the Z-axis moving platform 8 to translate along the Z-axis.
The screw extrusion assembly comprises a mounting bracket 3, a shell 4, a motor 5, a coupling 6, a screw, a sleeve 7, a material guiding pipe, a heating block 10, a nozzle 11 and a fan. The mounting bracket 3 is fixedly connected with the X-axis moving platform 2, the shell 4 is of an integrated structure and fixedly connected with the mounting bracket 3, the driving motor is mounted on the shell 4, and an output shaft of the driving motor is connected with the screw rod through the coupler 6; the screw rod is wrapped by the sleeve 7, the middle part of the shell 4 is provided with a sleeve 7 mounting frame, the sleeve 7 is arranged on the sleeve 7 mounting frame, the lower part of the shell 4 is provided with a fan frame, and the fan is arranged on the fan frame and is opposite to the cooling fin, so that the effect of accelerating cooling is achieved.
The forming table 22 is located directly below the nozzle 11 and is adapted to carry the printed entity and can be transported by the conveyor assembly for translational movement between the two stations.
The screw extrusion assembly is functionally divided into a base material 25 extrusion assembly and a protective material 27 extrusion assembly, and the two parts are respectively provided with a set of motor, a coupler 6 and a screw for extruding the base material 25 and the protective material 27. The extrusion components of the matrix material 25 and the extrusion components of the protective material 27 are symmetrically distributed on the same frame, and share the same sleeve 7, the heating block 10 and the nozzle 11. The sleeve 7 is of an integrated structure, two screw accommodation cavities which are distributed symmetrically left and right and are mutually independent are arranged at the upper part of the sleeve 7 and are respectively used for wrapping a matrix material 25 extrusion screw and a protective material 27 extrusion screw, each screw accommodation cavity is provided with a feed inlet which is connected with a guide pipe, a radiating fin and a mounting hole are attached to the middle part of the sleeve 7, a unique output port is attached to the lower part of the sleeve 7, the two screw accommodation cavities are respectively connected with the output port, and the output port is connected with the heating block 10 and the nozzle 11 and plays a role in heat conduction; the heating block 10 heats the high solids water-based particulate material in the sleeve 7 by heat transfer to reduce its viscosity and improve its fluidity and, in combination with screw rotation, kneads the particulate material into paste which is extruded from the nozzle 11.
When printing any layer, the two extrusion assemblies can select two modes to work independently or simultaneously according to the printing characteristics; when any extrusion assembly works independently, the other extrusion assembly is in a static state, and single material is extruded from the nozzle 11 to finish printing of single material characteristics; in the simultaneous operation, the two extrusion assemblies simultaneously extrude the two materials from the nozzle 11 according to the discharge proportion to complete the printing of the transition area 26 so as to realize the smooth transition between the matrix material 25 and the protective material 27. The transition between the two modes is set by the path planning in the model slice information.
The conveyor belt assembly comprises a motor, a front roller 24, a rear roller 24, a conveyor belt 23 and the like, wherein the front roller is fixed on the frame of the first station 1, the rear roller is fixed on the frame of the second station 15, the conveyor belt 23 is wound on the front roller 24 and the rear roller, and the conveyor belt is penetrated between the two stations. The front roller 24 and the rear roller 24 are driven by a motor to rotate, so that the conveying belt 23 is driven to move in a translational manner to convey materials; when the material is transported to the second station 15 by the conveyor belt 23, the throwing device assembly is responsible for throwing the metal cavity 14 and then fixing the metal cavity on the forming platform 22; the forming platform 22 is provided with a groove, and the metal cavity 14 is fixed on the forming platform 22 through the engagement of the groove; the throwing device component comprises a metal cavity 14 and a lifting module 21; the lifting module 21 is fixed at the second station 15 of the frame and is mechanically connected with the metal cavity 14, and the lifting and lowering of the metal cavity 14 are realized by controlling the movement of the lifting module 21.
In the reaction module, a metal cavity 14 is a square container with one surface open, a plurality of air valves 16 are arranged, the metal cavity is connected with different types of air cylinders such as a vacuum air pump 20, an inert protective air cylinder, a reaction air cylinder 19 and the like through an air pipe 17, different types of air are conveyed into the metal cavity 14 through the air pipe 17, and the reaction product and the reaction rate of the self-propagating reaction are controlled by regulating and controlling the air inflow; the upper part of the metal cavity 14 is provided with a protective mirror 13 and a laser emitter for heating the precursor of the protective material 27 to provide the initial energy required for self-propagation. The laser transmitter can control the rate of the self-propagating reaction by adjusting the probability of the laser. The protective mirror 13 is a circular thin plate, the size of which is consistent with the light outlet of the laser emitter, is embedded in a central groove on the inner side of the top of the metal cavity 14, and is fixedly connected with the metal cavity 14 through a mounting hole.
The conveyor motor of the conveyor belt assembly and the extrusion motor 5 of the screw extrusion assembly are each preferably stepper motors. The X-axis moving platform 2, the Y-axis moving platform, the Z-axis moving platform 8 and the lifting module 21 all adopt linear modules.
The nozzle 11 is hollow and funnel-shaped, the inlet is matched with the output port of the sleeve 7 in size, the outlet is smaller than the inlet, and the nozzle can be adjusted according to the requirement. Generally, the smaller the size of the outlet, the higher the printing accuracy, but the lower the printing efficiency. The heating block 10 is a cuboid aluminum alloy heating block, a through hole is formed in the middle of the heating block, the nozzle 11 is embedded into the heating block for fixed connection, mounting holes are formed in the periphery of the heating block 10, and the heating block is fixed at an output port of the sleeve 7.
A neutron absorption composite material preparation method based on screw extrusion adopts a neutron absorption composite material preparation device based on screw extrusion, which comprises the following steps:
s1, the embodiment realizes that Al-AlB 2 Additive manufacturing of neutron absorbing porous structure composite materials. Mixing aluminum powder and water in proportion to form a water-based pasty aluminum powder form, respectively adding water-based pasty aluminum powder serving as a matrix material 25 and water-based pasty boron oxide powder serving as a protective material 27 into two storage tanks of an extrusion module, and completing preparation works such as printing platform leveling, gas cylinder connection and the like;
s2, importing the printing model slice information into a preparation device and starting the device;
s3, the screw extrusion module 9 respectively extrudes the water-based pasty aluminum powder and the water-based pasty boron oxide powder at preset positions according to path planning in model slice information, and prints a material transition area 26 in a mode that two screw extrusion assemblies work simultaneously when two materials are connected, and the materials are laminated until the printing of the precursor is completed;
s4, controlling the front roller 24 and the rear roller 24 to rotate, so as to drive the forming platform 22 to horizontally move from the first station 1 to the second station 15;
s5, after the forming platform 22 reaches the position right below the metal cavity 14, the lifting module 21 descends the metal cavity 14 onto the forming platform 22, and the lower edge of the metal cavity 14 is matched with the platform groove to realize gas sealing;
s6, the vacuum air pump 20 is started to pump out air in the metal cavity 14, so that vacuum in the metal cavity 14 is realized;
s7, the gas valve is opened, and a certain proportion of inert shielding gas argon and reaction gas oxygen are conveyed into the space in the metal cavity 14 through different gas pipes 17;
s8, the emitter emits laser beams to heat the precursor, so that the precursor has initial energy of self-propagating reaction, and the self-propagating reaction occurs;
and S9, after the reaction is finished, the lifting module 21 lifts the metal cavity 14.
In the step S3 of the process,the preset position refers to that the porous structure takes the water-based pasty aluminum powder of the matrix material 25 as an integral frame, the water-based pasty boron oxide powder of the protective material 27 is filled in the pore position, and the transition of the material is realized by printing the mixed material in the transition region 26 between the two. The multi-material printing in-situ synthesis mode improves the forming quality of the porous material and ensures the continuity and stability of the performance of the neutron absorption composite material part. The control of the components of the composite material component can also be realized by controlling the proportion of the water-based pasty aluminum powder and the water-based pasty boron oxide powder during printing. In the self-propagating reaction, the product is mainly Al and AlB 2 And Al 2 O 3 . Wherein Al and AlB 2 To expect the ideal product, al 2 O 3 To provide a thermal reaction product. Excessive Al 2 O 3 Can reduce the mechanical property of the component, and Al 2 O 3 The amount of the powder mainly relates to the amount of the boron oxide powder, and the mechanical property of the protective member can be regulated and controlled by controlling the proportion of the boron oxide powder relative to the aluminum powder.
In step S7, the self-propagating reaction amount and reaction rate can be controlled by controlling the mole fraction ratio of oxygen to argon. The oxygen mainly reacts with aluminum powder under the ignition of laser to supply energy for aluminothermic reaction in the initial stage of the self-propagating reaction, the increase of the oxygen can improve the speed of the self-propagating reaction, but excessive oxygen can cause excessive Al in the protective member 2 O 3 Thereby affecting the mechanical properties of the protective member. The argon gas is used for providing proper pressure for the self-propagating reaction, and generally, the higher the pressure is, the higher the self-propagating reaction rate is.
In step S8, under the irradiation of laser, oxygen reacts with Al to generate heat required by the initial reaction, aluminum reacts with boron oxide to generate aluminum oxide and boron thermite under the energy of the initial reaction heat, and at the same time, a great amount of heat generated by the thermite reaction generates Al reacts with B to generate AlB 2 The synthesis reaction of (a), namely: alB can be realized by coupling with thermite reaction 2 Is generated. The heat generated by the reaction of the precursor surface material further causes the precursor to react with the precursorAnd (3) partial material reaction, and finally, the integral self-propagating reaction of the precursor is realized.
The above examples are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited to the above examples, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications that do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be made in the equivalent manner, and the embodiments are included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. The utility model provides a neutron absorption combined material preparation facilities based on screw extrusion which characterized in that: comprises a screw extrusion module, a material transportation module, a reaction module and a control device,
the screw extrusion module is used for printing a precursor and comprises extruding a matrix material as a whole frame containing pores, and extruding a protective material into the pores of the whole frame;
the material conveying module is respectively corresponding to the screw extrusion module and the reaction module and is used for conveying the precursor printed by the screw extrusion module to the reaction module;
the reaction module is used for heating the precursor, introducing reaction gas and inert protective gas to enable the precursor to perform self-propagating reaction and sinter into a protective component;
the control device is used for controlling the actions of the screw extrusion module, the material transportation module and the reaction module.
2. The apparatus for preparing a neutron absorbing composite material based on screw extrusion according to claim 1, wherein: the screw extrusion module comprises a sleeve, a base material extrusion assembly and a protective material extrusion assembly, wherein the base material extrusion assembly and the protective material extrusion assembly are uniformly distributed in the sleeve and are respectively provided with a feed inlet, a nozzle is arranged at the bottom of the sleeve, and the material transportation module is arranged below the nozzle.
3. A neutron absorbing composite preparation device based on screw extrusion as defined in claim 2, wherein: the nozzle is provided with a heating block.
4. The apparatus for preparing a neutron absorbing composite material based on screw extrusion according to claim 1, wherein: the material conveying module comprises a forming platform and a conveyor belt assembly, wherein the forming platform is positioned below the screw extrusion module and used for bearing the precursor printed by the screw extrusion module; the conveyor belt assembly is connected with the forming platform and is used for driving the forming platform to transport the precursor to the reaction module.
5. The apparatus for preparing a neutron absorbing composite material based on screw extrusion according to claim 1, wherein: the reaction module comprises a metal cavity and a laser generator, wherein the metal cavity is arranged above the forming platform, the bottom of the metal cavity is provided with an opening to be buckled on the forming platform, and the laser generator is used for emitting laser beams to precursors in the metal cavity.
6. The apparatus for producing a neutron absorbing composite material by screw extrusion according to claim 5, wherein: the forming platform is provided with a groove, and the metal cavity is meshed and fixed on the forming platform through the groove.
7. A method for preparing a neutron absorbing composite material based on screw extrusion, which adopts the neutron absorbing composite material preparation device based on screw extrusion as set forth in any one of claims 1-6, and is characterized in that: comprises the steps of,
controlling a screw extrusion module to extrude a matrix material to be used as an integral frame containing pores, and extruding a protective material into the pores of the integral frame so as to print out a precursor;
the material transporting module transports the precursor printed by the screw extrusion module to the reaction module;
the reaction module heats the precursor, and introduces the reaction gas and the inert shielding gas, so that the precursor is subjected to self-propagating reaction and sintered into the protective member.
8. The method for preparing the neutron absorbing composite material based on screw extrusion according to claim 7, wherein: the base material extrusion assembly and the protective material extrusion assembly may be operated individually or simultaneously as desired to extrude a single material or to extrude both materials simultaneously.
9. The method for preparing the neutron absorbing composite material based on screw extrusion according to claim 8, wherein: when the precursor is printed, the matrix material extrusion assembly is controlled to extrude the matrix material to form an integral frame with pores, the protective material extrusion assembly extrudes the protective material into the pores of the integral frame, and the material transition area is printed in a mode that the matrix material extrusion assembly extrudes the matrix material and the protective material extrusion assembly extrudes the protective material at the same time in a transition area between the matrix material extrusion assembly and the protective material extrusion assembly.
10. The method for preparing the neutron absorbing composite material based on screw extrusion according to claim 7, wherein: the reaction quantity and the reaction rate of the precursor are controlled by controlling the proportion of the matrix material to the protective material and the mole fraction proportion of the reaction gas to the inert protective gas, so that the regulation and control of the mechanical property of the protective member are realized.
CN202310122738.4A 2023-02-16 2023-02-16 Neutron absorption composite material preparation device and method based on screw extrusion Pending CN116117173A (en)

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