CN116111272A - 用于机动车的驱动电池及其放气元件控制方法和机动车 - Google Patents

用于机动车的驱动电池及其放气元件控制方法和机动车 Download PDF

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CN116111272A
CN116111272A CN202211112944.9A CN202211112944A CN116111272A CN 116111272 A CN116111272 A CN 116111272A CN 202211112944 A CN202211112944 A CN 202211112944A CN 116111272 A CN116111272 A CN 116111272A
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S·阿萨宁
F·拉施
A·米勒
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Bayerische Motoren Werke AG
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于机动车的驱动电池(1)，其具有相互电连接的多个电池单体(2)；电池壳体(4)，该电池壳体容纳所述电池单体(2)；多个放气元件(5)，用于在单体放气(3)的情况下从电池壳体(4)中导出气体；用于定位单体放气(3)的传感机构(7)；和控制单元(6)，所述控制单元在单体放气(3)的情况下操控放气元件(5)，使得最靠近单体放气(3)的放气元件(5)保持关闭，并且更远离单体放气(3)的一个或多个放气元件(5)打开。此外，本发明涉及一种用于控制放气元件(5)的方法，所述放气元件用于从这种驱动电池(1)的电池壳体(4)中导出气体。此外，本发明涉及一种具有这种驱动电池(1)的机动车。

Description

用于机动车的驱动电池及其放气元件控制方法和机动车
技术领域
本发明涉及一种具有放气元件的驱动电池，所述放气元件能在单体放气的情况下打开以导出热气体，以便从电池壳体中导出气流。此外，本发明涉及一种具有这种驱动电池的机动车和一种用于在单体放气的情况下控制放气元件的方法。
背景技术
在故障情况下、例如电池单体中发生短路时，存在电池单体热击穿的可能性(所谓的热失控)。在此，电池单体可能会排气或者说放气，即热气体从相关电池单体排出。在驱动电池中，大量电池单体容纳在一个电池壳体中，该电池壳体将电池单体与周围环境分开。当电池单体击穿时，必须向外(从电池壳体)导出所产生的热气流，以防止电池壳体不受控制地撕裂或损坏其他电池单体。为此已知以超压阀、爆裂膜等形式的放气元件，这些放气元件以不同的形式和数量安装在电池壳体的壳体壁中。应注意，热气流在流出时不因温度过高而在电池壳体之外导致损坏。
发明内容
因此，本发明的目的是，在对电池单体放气的情况下实现在导出气体时的改进。该目的通过一种根据权利要求1的驱动电池、一种根据权利要求6的机动车和一种根据权利要求7的方法实现。本发明的有利的进一步改进方案是从属权利要求的主题。
根据本发明的一个实施例提供一种用于机动车的驱动电池，该驱动电池具有：彼此电连接的多个电池单体；容纳所述电池单体的电池壳体；多个放气元件，用于在单体放气的情况下从电池壳体中导出气体；用于定位单体放气的传感机构；控制单元，该控制单元在单体放气的情况下这样操控所述放气元件，使得最接近单体放气的放气元件保持关闭，并且更远离单体放气的一个或多个放气元件打开。因此，电池壳体之内的气流必须行进一定路段，然后气流才能逸出到周围环境。以这种方式，电池壳体的内部用作热气流的冷却路段，这又降低气流在从电池壳体出来时过热的风险。
根据本发明的另一实施例，在放气情况下，至少电池壳体中所有放气元件之中的距离单体放气最远的那个放气元件由控制单元打开。由此使在电池壳体之内的冷却路段最大化并且尽可能好地冷却气流。
根据本发明的另一实施例，传感机构具有多个温度传感器。
根据本发明的另一实施例，传感机构具有电压监测装置，利用该电压监测装置可检测一个或多个电池单体处的电压降，以便因此检测单体放气。
根据本发明的另一实施例，传感机构包括光学检测装置。
此外，本发明提供了一种具有这种驱动电池的机动车。
此外，本发明提供了一种用于控制放气元件的方法，所述放气元件用于从用于机动车的驱动电池的电池壳体中导出气体，所述方法包括以下步骤：识别单体放气；借助传感机构定位单体放气；在单体放气的情况下这样操控放气元件，使得最靠近单体放气的放气元件保持关闭，并且更远离单体放气的放气元件之中的一个或多个放气元件打开。如上文已经提到的，电池壳体的内部由此用作冷却路段。
根据本方法的另一实施例，在单体放气情况下由控制单元至少打开在电池壳体内所有放气元件之中距离单体放气最远的放气元件。如已经提到的，这由此使冷却路段最大化。
根据另一实施例，本方法还包括在使用温度传感器的情况下定位单体放气的步骤。
根据另一实施例，本方法还包括在使用电压监测装置的情况下定位单体放气的步骤，利用该电压监测装置在一个或多个电池单体处检测电压降，以便由此推断出单体放气。
附图说明
下面参照附图描述本发明的优选实施例。在所述附图中示出以下：
图1示意性地示出根据本发明的一种实施例的驱动电池1。
具体实施方式
驱动电池1安装在未示出的机动车中。机动车是电气化的机动车，其至少暂时被纯电动驱动。特别是，它是一辆轿车。
驱动电池1具有多个彼此电连接的电池单体2。例如，电池单体2可以电串联和/或并联连接。电池单体2是基于电化学的单体，用于存储和提供电能至少用于驱动机动车，即用于供应一个或多个驱动电机。电池单体2可以是圆柱形单体或(如示例所示)长方体形单体。在故障情况下，特别是在电池单体2热击穿(所谓的热失控)时，电池单体2可能会放气，即热气体从电池单体排出，即存在单体放气3。
这些电池单体2被容纳在一个电池壳体4中，该电池壳体使电池单体2流体密封地或者说气密地与电池壳体4的周围环境分开。
在电池壳体4的一个或多个壁中或上布置有放气元件5(至少两个、例如三个、四个或更多个)，这些放气元件在正常运行中、即当不存在电池单体2的单体放气3时这些放气元件5流体密封地关闭。在至少一个电池单体2的单体放气3的情况下，其中至少一个放气元件5被打开，使得从放气的电池单体2排出的热气体能经由打开的(一个或多个)放气元件5从电池壳体4逸出到周围环境、即电池壳体4之外、特别是到机动车周围的区域。放气元件5是可控阀、阀瓣等。
此外，驱动电池1具有适于操控放气元件5的控制单元6。控制单元6可以设置在电池壳体4内、上或之外。
此外设有一传感机构7，该传感机构将检测信号传输给控制单元6。控制单元6可以与放气元件5和传感机构7经由电线、导线或以无线方式连接。传感机构7可以具有多个彼此间隔开距离的温度传感器、压力传感器和/或温度-压力传感器。在图1中，示例性地为传感机构7示出温度传感器。附加地或替代地，传感机构7可以具有电压检测装置，该电压检测装置监测各个电池单体2的电压并在发生电压降时确定特定电池单体2存在单体放气3并且可以经由存储的各个电池单体2的位置推断出单体放气3的位置。此外，传感机构7可以具有光学检测装置、例如光学相机或热成像相机，借助该光学检测装置可以识别和定位单体放气3。
在检测到单体放气3并定位单体放气3的情况下，控制单元6这样控制放气元件5，使得至少与单体放气3距离最短的放气元件5保持关闭。在此，放气元件5在结构上要设计成使得它们也不被因单体放气3可能产生的压力冲击而意外打开。剩余的放气元件5中的至少一个或多个放气元件打开。至少打开唯一一个放气元件5，更确切地说与单体放气3距离最大的那个放气元件。
由此，电池壳体4之内的气流必须在气流逸出到周围环境之前行进一定路段，从而电池壳体的内部用作热气流的冷却路段。
已在附图和前述说明书中详细图解和描述了本发明，但该图解和描述应理解为示例性的、而非限制性的，并且不旨在将本发明限于所公开的实施例。在不同的从属权利要求中提及某些特征这一事实并不应意味着这些特征的组合也不能有利地使用。

Claims (10)

1.用于机动车的驱动电池(1)，具有：
相互电连接的多个电池单体(2)；
电池壳体(4)，该电池壳体容纳所述电池单体(2)；
多个放气元件(5)，用于在单体放气(3)的情况下从电池壳体(4)中导出气体；
用于定位单体放气(3)的传感机构(7)；以及
控制单元(6)，所述控制单元在单体放气(3)的情况下操控所述放气元件(5)，使得最靠近单体放气(3)的放气元件(5)保持关闭，并且更远离单体放气(3)的放气元件(5)之中的一个或多个放气元件打开。
2.根据权利要求1所述的驱动电池(1)，其特征在于，在放气情况下，由所述控制单元(6)至少打开在所述电池壳体(4)内所有放气元件(5)中距离单体放气(3)最远的放气元件(5)。
3.根据前述权利要求之一所述的驱动电池(1)，其中，所述传感机构(7)包括多个温度传感器。
4.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的驱动电池(1)，其中，所述传感机构(7)包括电压监测装置，利用所述电压监测装置能检测一个或多个电池单体(2)处的电压降，以便因此检测单体放气(3)。
5.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的驱动电池(1)，其中，所述传感机构(7)包括光学检测装置。
6.具有根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的驱动电池(1)的机动车。
7.用于控制放气元件(5)的方法，所述放气元件用于从用于机动车的驱动电池(1)的电池壳体(4)中导出气体，所述方法包括以下步骤：
识别单体放气(3)；
借助传感机构(7)定位单体放气(3)；
在单体放气(3)的情况下操控放气元件(5)，使得最靠近单体放气(3)的放气元件(5)保持关闭并且更远离单体放气(3)的放气元件(5)之中的一个或多个放气元件打开。
8.根据权利要求7所述的方法，其中，在放气情况下，由所述控制单元(6)至少打开在所述电池壳体(4)内所有放气元件(5)中距离单体放气(3)最远的放气元件(5)。
9.根据权利要求7或8所述的方法，包括在使用温度传感器的情况下定位单体放气(3)的步骤。
10.根据权利要求7至9中任一项所述的方法，包括在使用电压监测装置的情况下定位单体放气(3)的步骤，利用所述电压监测装置检测一个或多个电池单体(2)处的电压降，以便由此推断出单体放气(3)。
CN202211112944.9A 2021-11-10 2022-09-14 用于机动车的驱动电池及其放气元件控制方法和机动车 Pending CN116111272A (zh)

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