CN116111128B - Proton exchange membrane fuel cell using hydrogen-nitrogen mixed gas as fuel - Google Patents
Proton exchange membrane fuel cell using hydrogen-nitrogen mixed gas as fuel Download PDFInfo
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- CN116111128B CN116111128B CN202310326120.XA CN202310326120A CN116111128B CN 116111128 B CN116111128 B CN 116111128B CN 202310326120 A CN202310326120 A CN 202310326120A CN 116111128 B CN116111128 B CN 116111128B
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- cathode
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- flow channel
- exchange membrane
- proton exchange
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen Substances N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000012495 reaction gas Substances 0.000 abstract description 20
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 15
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 14
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 5
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- -1 hydrogen ions Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
Abstract
The invention relates to the field of fuel cell structures, in particular to a proton exchange membrane fuel cell taking hydrogen-nitrogen mixed gas as fuel, which comprises a proton exchange membrane, an anode runner and a cathode runner, wherein the cut-off sections of the anode runner and the cathode runner are arched, and the surface close to one side of the proton exchange membrane is a plane; the heights of the anode flow channel and the cathode flow channel are gradually reduced along the gas flow direction, and the widths of the anode flow channel and the cathode flow channel are gradually increased along the gas flow direction. The battery can better ensure that the reaction gas inside the battery is uniformly distributed through the flow channel, so that the performance of the battery is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of fuel cell structures, in particular to a proton exchange membrane fuel cell taking hydrogen-nitrogen mixed gas as fuel.
Background
Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFCs) are devices that directly convert chemical energy into electrical energy without combustion. The energy conversion efficiency is high, the current density is high, the reaction product is water, zero pollution in the true sense can be realized, and the energy conversion device is very likely to replace a traditional internal combustion engine in the future and becomes a new power source. Along with the continuous development of hydrogen energy technology, hydrogen is also increasingly and widely applied to life and production as a novel energy carrier, and most of current fuel cells use hydrogen as anode fuel. However, the hydrogen has low volume energy density, difficult storage and transportation and high hydrogen production cost. And ammonia is used as a high-efficiency hydrogen storage carrier, and has high hydrogen content, high energy density, environmental friendliness, easy storage in transportation and higher safety compared with hydrogen. The ammonia decomposition products are 75% H 2 and 25% N 2, the traditional process is to perform pressure swing adsorption on the products to obtain pure H 2, and the pure H 2 is applied to a fuel cell.
At present, proton exchange membrane fuel cells have great development potential in terms of service life and performance, wherein whether liquid water can be discharged in time and whether reaction gas is uniformly distributed are key factors influencing the performance.
In operation of the pem fuel cell, the cathode produces water. Under high current density, if the generated water cannot be discharged in time, the generated water can block the reaction gas transmission channel, so that the phenomenon of flooding is caused, the performance of the fuel cell is influenced, and the service life of the fuel cell is reduced. The reaction gas in the flow channel sequentially enters the diffusion layer and the catalytic layer in a diffusion mode. The speed of diffusion and whether the diffusion is uniform directly influence the performance of the battery.
The current density and the energy density are all important indexes for judging the performance quality of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell. At present, the existing parallel single-flow-channel proton exchange membrane fuel cell has low energy density due to low diffusivity of reactants to a catalytic layer. And liquid water is not easy to discharge, so that the commercial requirement cannot be met well.
The function of the flow channels of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell is mainly to transport the reactant gases and to discharge the water generated in the reaction, which is related to the efficiency of the whole fuel cell. The inventor finds that the common proton exchange membrane fuel cell with the parallel flow channel structure can promote the reaction gas to enter the electrode from the flow channel and accelerate the water generated by the cathode reaction to be discharged from the flow channel, thereby improving the performance of the fuel cell. However, under high current density, flooding phenomenon still easily occurs, and under the condition that the gas supply is insufficient and the distribution of the reaction gas is uneven, the current density of the fuel cell is greatly reduced along with the consumption of the reaction gas, particularly the consumption of a large amount of hydrogen and oxygen, at the reaction rear end of the cell, the catalytic layer of the cell usually occurs, so that the performance of the cell is affected.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a proton exchange membrane fuel cell taking hydrogen-nitrogen mixed gas as fuel, which can better ensure that the reaction gas in the cell is uniformly distributed through a flow channel, so that the performance of the cell is improved.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a proton exchange membrane fuel cell taking hydrogen-nitrogen mixed gas as fuel comprises a proton exchange membrane, an anode runner and a cathode runner, wherein the cut-off sections of the anode runner and the cathode runner are arched, and the surface close to one side of the proton exchange membrane is a plane; the heights of the anode flow channel and the cathode flow channel are gradually reduced along the gas flow direction, and the widths of the anode flow channel and the cathode flow channel are gradually increased along the gas flow direction.
Further, an anode catalytic layer, an anode microporous layer, an anode diffusion layer and an anode current collecting plate are sequentially arranged on one side of the proton exchange membrane from inside to outside, and an anode runner is arranged on one surface, which is attached to the anode diffusion layer, of the anode current collecting plate; the other side of the proton exchange membrane is sequentially provided with a cathode catalytic layer, a cathode microporous layer, a cathode diffusion layer and a cathode current collecting plate from inside to outside, and one surface of the cathode current collecting plate, which is attached to the cathode diffusion layer, is provided with a cathode runner.
Further, the upper surface of the anode runner is an arc-shaped surface arched upwards, and the lower surface of the anode runner is a plane; the upper surface of the cathode flow channel is a plane, and the lower surface of the cathode flow channel is an arc-shaped surface which is concave downwards.
Further, the heights of the anode flow channel and the cathode flow channel are the vertical distance between the top and the lower surface of the flow channel; the width of the anode flow channel and the cathode flow channel is the width of the lower surface.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. According to the cell design arch flow channel, the contact area of the flow channel and the diffusion layer is increased through the arch flow channel, the flow channel volume is reduced, and the reaction gas is easier to enter the catalytic layer through the diffusion layer through the flow channel, so that the concentration of the reaction gas of the catalytic layer is increased, and the current density is increased.
2. The depth of the arch-shaped flow channel is continuously reduced along with the flowing direction, so that the contact area of the reaction gas and the diffusion layer is continuously increased, the reaction gas is easier to enter the battery, the reaction gas is easier to uniformly diffuse, more reaction gas is forced to enter the catalytic layer, the concentration of the reaction gas of the catalytic layer of the battery is improved, and the current density is improved.
3. In order to improve the current density of the second half section of the battery and improve the condition of insufficient air supply of the second half section, the height of the arched flow channel is continuously reduced along with the flowing direction of the air, the width is continuously increased, and the flow velocity of the reaction air in the flow channel and the water drainage in the flow channel are improved smoothly.
4. The microporous layer is added between the catalytic layer and the diffusion layer, so that the phenomenon of flooding can be effectively avoided, and the diffusion of the reaction gas is more uniform, thereby improving the current density and the power density of the battery
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a side view of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell structure of the present invention (right side view of FIG. 1);
FIG. 3 is a front view of the flow channel structure of the PEM fuel cell of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a top view of the flow channel structure of the PEM fuel cell of the present invention;
In the figure: 1-anode current collecting plate, 2-anode flow channel, 3-anode diffusion layer, 4-anode micropore layer, 5-anode catalytic layer, 6-proton exchange membrane, 7-cathode catalytic layer, 8-cathode micropore layer, 9-cathode diffusion layer, 10-cathode flow channel and 11-cathode current collecting plate.
Detailed Description
In order to make the above features and advantages of the present invention more comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in detail below, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
Referring to fig. 1 to 4
A proton exchange membrane fuel cell taking hydrogen-nitrogen mixed gas as fuel comprises a proton exchange membrane 6, an anode runner 2 and a cathode runner 9, wherein the cut-off sections of the anode runner and the cathode runner are arched, and the surface close to one side of the proton exchange membrane is a plane; the heights (or depths) of the anode flow channels and the cathode flow channels become smaller gradually in the gas flow direction, and the widths of the anode flow channels and the cathode flow channels become larger gradually in the gas flow direction.
In this embodiment, an anode catalytic layer 5, an anode microporous layer 4, an anode diffusion layer 3 and an anode current collecting plate 1 are sequentially arranged on one side of the proton exchange membrane from inside to outside, and an anode runner 2 is arranged on one surface of the anode current collecting plate, which is attached to the anode diffusion layer; the other side of the proton exchange membrane is provided with a cathode catalytic layer 7, a cathode microporous layer 8, a cathode diffusion layer 9 and a cathode current collecting plate 11 in sequence from inside to outside, and one surface of the cathode current collecting plate, which is attached to the cathode diffusion layer, is provided with a cathode runner 10.
In this embodiment, the upper surface of the anode flow channel is an arc surface arched upwards, and the lower surface of the anode flow channel is a plane; the upper surface of the cathode flow channel is a plane, and the lower surface of the cathode flow channel is an arc-shaped surface which is concave downwards.
In this embodiment, the heights of the anode flow channel and the cathode flow channel are the vertical distance between the top and the lower surface of the flow channel; the width of the anode flow channel and the cathode flow channel is the width of the lower surface.
When the proton exchange membrane fuel cell works, humidified hydrogen-nitrogen mixed gas and air respectively enter the flow channel from inlets of the anode and the cathode, and then pass through the diffusion layer and the microporous layer to reach the catalytic layer for reaction. In the reaction process, the hydrogen in the anode catalytic layer is oxidized to lose one electron and generate hydrogen ions, the generated hydrogen ions directly pass through the proton exchange membrane to reach the cathode catalytic layer, and the generated electrons only pass through an external circuit to reach the cathode catalytic layer, so that a communicated circuit is formed, and the hydrogen ions and electrons reaching the cathode catalytic layer are reduced with oxygen in the cathode to generate water. The anode and cathode flow channels are designed to be ladder-arc-shaped on one side close to the current collecting plate, the depth of each ladder-arc-shaped flow channel is continuously reduced along with the flowing direction, the width is continuously increased, the purpose of the design is to promote the diffusion of the reaction gas to the catalytic layer, meanwhile, as the depth of each flow channel is continuously reduced, the width is continuously increased, the contact area between the reaction gas and the diffusion layer is continuously increased in the rear section of the flow channel under the condition that the reaction gas, particularly hydrogen and oxygen, is greatly consumed, so that more oxygen is easier to enter the catalytic layer, the reaction gas is promoted to be more uniformly diffused into the battery and transversely diffused, the diffusion rate of the oxygen to the inside of the battery is improved, and the battery performance is improved.
The foregoing is only illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art from this disclosure that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made herein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (1)
1. A proton exchange membrane fuel cell taking hydrogen-nitrogen mixed gas as fuel comprises a proton exchange membrane, an anode runner and a cathode runner, and is characterized in that the cut-off sections of the anode runner and the cathode runner are arched, and the surface close to one side of the proton exchange membrane is a plane; the heights of the anode flow channel and the cathode flow channel are gradually reduced along the gas flow direction, and the widths of the anode flow channel and the cathode flow channel are gradually increased along the gas flow direction; an anode catalytic layer, an anode microporous layer, an anode diffusion layer and an anode current collecting plate are sequentially arranged on one side of the proton exchange membrane from inside to outside, and an anode runner is arranged on one surface of the anode current collecting plate, which is attached to the anode diffusion layer; the other side of the proton exchange membrane is sequentially provided with a cathode catalytic layer, a cathode microporous layer, a cathode diffusion layer and a cathode current collecting plate from inside to outside, and one surface of the cathode current collecting plate, which is attached to the cathode diffusion layer, is provided with a cathode runner; the upper surface of the anode flow channel is an arc surface arched upwards, and the lower surface of the anode flow channel is a plane; the upper surface of the cathode flow channel is a plane, and the lower surface of the cathode flow channel is an arc-shaped surface which is concave downwards; the heights of the anode flow channel and the cathode flow channel are the vertical distance between the top and the lower surface of the flow channel; the width of the anode flow channel and the cathode flow channel is the width of the lower surface.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202310326120.XA CN116111128B (en) | 2023-03-30 | Proton exchange membrane fuel cell using hydrogen-nitrogen mixed gas as fuel |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202310326120.XA CN116111128B (en) | 2023-03-30 | Proton exchange membrane fuel cell using hydrogen-nitrogen mixed gas as fuel |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN116111128A CN116111128A (en) | 2023-05-12 |
| CN116111128B true CN116111128B (en) | 2024-07-09 |
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Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106229523A (en) * | 2016-10-13 | 2016-12-14 | 福州大学 | One PEM non-platinum catalyst and preparation method thereof with soybeans as raw materials |
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106229523A (en) * | 2016-10-13 | 2016-12-14 | 福州大学 | One PEM non-platinum catalyst and preparation method thereof with soybeans as raw materials |
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