CN107681175B - Optimization structure of split type cathode runner of proton exchange membrane fuel cell - Google Patents
Optimization structure of split type cathode runner of proton exchange membrane fuel cell Download PDFInfo
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 99
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 abstract description 31
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 14
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 abstract description 14
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 14
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000012495 reaction gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- -1 hydrogen ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NMFHJNAPXOMSRX-PUPDPRJKSA-N [(1r)-3-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-1-[3-(2-morpholin-4-ylethoxy)phenyl]propyl] (2s)-1-[(2s)-2-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)butanoyl]piperidine-2-carboxylate Chemical compound C([C@@H](OC(=O)[C@@H]1CCCCN1C(=O)[C@@H](CC)C=1C=C(OC)C(OC)=C(OC)C=1)C=1C=C(OCCN2CCOCC2)C=CC=1)CC1=CC=C(OC)C(OC)=C1 NMFHJNAPXOMSRX-PUPDPRJKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/0258—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
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- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了一种质子交换膜燃料电池分体式阴极流道的优化结构，其结构为：由6块挡气板、1块侧边上水板和1块中间上水板组合为一组，视阴极流道的总长度设置N组分体设置在阴极流道中。流道中每间隔三个与四个挡气板的中间位置均设有一块顺时针倾斜150度的侧边上水板和中间上水板。挡气板顺时针倾斜30度与阴极流道的侧壁面接触，中间上水板为T形结构，侧边上水板和中间上水板引导液态水沿阴极流道的上壁面流出，各挡气板之间的间距设置为6mm。该阴极流道结构的优化可强化液态水排出和氧气传输的两种功能，显著改善质子交换膜燃料电池阴极“水淹”和氧气不足的现象，提升燃料电池的性能。
The invention discloses an optimized structure of a split cathode flow channel of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell. Depending on the total length of the cathode flow channel, the N-group components are arranged in the cathode flow channel. A side water supply plate and a middle water supply plate inclined 150 degrees clockwise are arranged at the middle positions of every three and four air baffles in the flow channel. The air baffle is inclined 30 degrees clockwise to contact the side wall of the cathode flow channel. The middle water supply plate is a T-shaped structure. The side water supply plate and the middle water supply plate guide the liquid water to flow out along the upper wall surface of the cathode flow channel. The spacing between the gas plates is set to 6mm. The optimization of the cathode flow channel structure can strengthen the two functions of liquid water discharge and oxygen transport, significantly improve the phenomenon of "water flooding" and oxygen shortage of the PEM fuel cell cathode, and improve the performance of the fuel cell.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of electrochemical fuel cells, and particularly relates to a structural device of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell flow channel.
Background
Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFCs) are electrochemical reaction power devices that can directly convert chemical energy in fuel into electrical energy, have the advantages of high power density and zero carbon emission, and are widely considered as the devices that are most likely to replace internal combustion engines as automobile power in the future. At present, the performance and the service life of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell have great promotion space, wherein the water management and the transmission quality of reaction gas are key factors influencing the performance of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell.
When the proton exchange membrane fuel cell works, water is generated at the cathode, and under a specific working condition (such as high current density), a 'water logging' phenomenon can occur, namely the generated water cannot be discharged in time, so that a channel for transmitting reaction gas is blocked. Meanwhile, most of the reaction gas in the current flow channel enters the electrode in a diffusion mode, the speed is low, and the phenomena can cause that the oxygen at the cathode outlet of the fuel cell is seriously insufficient, so that the performance and the service life of the fuel cell are reduced. Therefore, optimizing the design of the cathode flow channels of the fuel cell to promote the discharge of water produced by the cathode and the transmission of oxygen is a key means for improving the performance and life of the fuel cell.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an optimized structure of a split cathode runner of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell, wherein a split guide plate structure is arranged in the runner, so that water generated by cathode reaction is promoted to be discharged from the runner, oxygen participating in the reaction enters an electrode from the runner, and the performance of the fuel cell is improved.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme: the split cathode flow channel optimizing structure for proton exchange membrane fuel cell includes the flow channel divided into two areas of cathode and anode by proton exchange membrane, the cathode plate with notch to constitute the cathode flow channel, and gas diffusion layer below the cathode flow channel. The arrangement structure of the battery cathode flow channel guide plate is split type assembly
The technical scheme is as follows: gas shield, side water board, middle water board are gone up as guide plate components of a whole that can function independently setting in the cathode flow way, wherein: the gas baffle plates are inclined clockwise by 30 degrees and are contacted with the side wall surface of the cathode flow channel, and a side water plate and a middle water feeding plate which are inclined clockwise by 150 degrees are arranged at the middle positions of every three and four gas baffle plates in the cathode flow channel. The cathode flow channel is characterized in that the gas baffle plates are combined into a group by 6 gas baffle plates, 1 side edge water plate and 1 middle water plate, N groups are arranged according to the total length of the cathode flow channel, the middle water plate is of a T-shaped structure, the side edge water plate and the middle water plate guide liquid water to flow out along the upper wall surface of the cathode flow channel, and the distance between the gas baffle plates is set to be 6 mm.
The overall structure of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell is shown in fig. 1. The flow channel of the fuel cell is divided into a cathode region and an anode region by a proton exchange membrane, the structures of the cathode region and the anode region are correspondingly the same, and the cathode region and the anode region both comprise a polar plate, the flow channel, a Gas Diffusion Layer (GDL), a Catalytic Layer (CL) and the like. When the fuel cell works, humidified air and hydrogen respectively enter the flow channel from the inlets of the cathode and the anode, and then pass through the gas diffusion layer to reach the catalytic layer to participate in reaction. In the reaction process, the anode catalyst layer consumes hydrogen, the generated hydrogen ions can directly penetrate through the proton exchange membrane to reach the cathode catalyst layer, the generated electrons can only reach the cathode catalyst layer through an external circuit, so that a communicated circuit is formed, and the hydrogen ions and the electrons reaching the cathode catalyst layer react with the oxygen at the cathode to generate water. The split type is characterized in that different guide plates are assembled in the flow channel in a split manner, so that two functions of liquid water discharge and oxygen transmission can be enhanced.
The invention has the characteristics and beneficial effects that: the cathode runner of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell has simple structure, is easy to process and can be conveniently placed in the cathode runner. The structure can promote the discharge of liquid water in the cathode flow channel on one hand, prevent the liquid water from blocking a channel for transmitting reaction gas, promote the oxygen in the flow channel to enter the electrode through enhancing the convection effect of the gas, prevent the phenomenon of insufficient oxygen in a reaction area in the electrode, and improve the performance of the fuel cell.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell.
Fig. 2 is a schematic perspective view of the principle structure of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of fig. 2.
FIG. 4 is a graph comparing the performance of the batteries according to the embodiments of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a graph comparing the average oxygen concentration in the catalytic layers according to the example of the present invention.
Fig. 6a and 6b show the flow of the liquid drops from the side and middle of the flow channel through the upper water plate.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be noted that the present embodiments are illustrative rather than limiting and do not limit the scope of the invention.
The specific structure that the cathode runner guide plate is arranged in a split manner is as follows: gas shield 1, side water board 2, the middle water board 3 of going up set up in the cathode flow way as the guide plate components of a whole that can function independently on the side, wherein: the gas baffle is inclined clockwise by 30 degrees and contacts with the side wall surface of the cathode flow channel. And a side water feeding plate and a middle water feeding plate which are inclined clockwise by 150 degrees are arranged at the middle positions of three and four gas baffle plates at intervals in the cathode flow channel. The cathode flow channel is composed of 6 gas baffle plates, 1 side edge water plate and 1 middle water plate, wherein the two water plates are combined into a group, N groups are arranged according to the total length of the cathode flow channel, the middle water plate is of a T-shaped structure, and the side edge water plates are double-strip-shaped. The side water plates and the middle water plate guide liquid water to flow out along the upper wall surface of the cathode flow channel, and the distance between the gas baffles is set to be 6 mm.
In the example, the length of the cathode flow channel is 90mm, and the length of each group of flow guide plates in the cathode flow channel is 30mm, so 3 groups of flow guide plates are arranged in the flow channel of the example.
The width and height of the cathode flow channel are both 1.0 mm. The width of the gas baffle is 1.0mm, the thickness of the gas baffle is 0.1mm, the distance between the upper end face of the gas baffle and the upper wall face of the cathode flow channel is 0.2mm, and the distance between the lower end face of the gas baffle and the lower wall face of the cathode flow channel is 0.1 mm. The end surfaces of the two sides of the gas baffle plate are contacted with the side wall of the cathode flow channel, the included angle between the gas baffle plate and the flowing direction of liquid water is 30 degrees, the cathode flow channel is used as a guide plate which is arranged in a split way, and the distance from the lower end surface of the first gas baffle plate to the inlet of the cathode flow channel is 4.3mm (as shown in figure 2).
The width of the water plate on the side edge is 0.3mm, the length is 1.4mm, and the thickness is 0.1 mm. The lower end face of the side water plate is in contact with the lower wall face of the cathode runner, the end faces on the two sides are in contact with the side wall of the cathode runner, and the included angle between the side water plate and the flowing direction of liquid water is 30 degrees.
The width of the upper end of the middle water feeding plate is 1.0mm, the length of the middle water feeding plate is 0.3mm, the thickness of the middle water feeding plate is 0.1mm, the width of the lower end of the middle water feeding plate is 0.4mm, and the length of the middle water feeding plate is 1.1 mm. The lower end face of the middle water feeding plate is contacted with the lower wall face of the flow channel, and the included angle between the middle water feeding plate and the flowing direction of the liquid water is 30 degrees.
The split type guide plates are fixed in grooves of the pole plates beside the cathode flow channel by an embedding method, and the integral type structure is fixed in the cathode flow channel by interference assembly of the two sides of the plates.
The cathode flow channel structure optimization mainly designs two flow guide plates with different functional structures, wherein the gas baffle plate has the function of promoting oxygen in the flow channel to enter an electrode to participate in reaction, and the side edge and middle water feeding plates have the function of guiding liquid water to leave the contact surface of the flow channel and a gas diffusion layer (the lower wall surface of the flow channel) and enable the liquid water to flow out along the upper wall surface of the flow channel (the upper wall surface of the flow channel has stronger hydrophilicity) so as to prevent the liquid water from blocking the channel of gas entering the electrode.
In this example, the flow path lengths are all 90mm, only 1/3(30mm) being shown.
In the integral arrangement of the cathode flow channel guide plate, the gas baffle block has the function of promoting oxygen in the flow channel to enter the electrode to participate in reaction, the upper gas baffle plate has the function of introducing gas in the upper channel into the lower channel as much as possible, the side and middle water feeding plates also have the function of guiding liquid water to leave the contact surface between the flow channel and the gas diffusion layer (the lower wall surface of the flow channel) and allow the liquid water to flow out along the upper channel of the flow channel to prevent the liquid water from blocking the channel of the gas entering the electrode, and the water baffle plate has the function of preventing the liquid water in the upper channel from flowing to the lower channel.
In this embodiment, two fuel cells are used, wherein the cathode flow channel of the first cell is a conventional flow channel that is not optimized, and the cathode flow channel of the second cell adopts a split structure optimization design. The two cells have the same structure and the same material except the structure of the cathode flow channel. The two cells were tested under the same operating conditions, the cells were operated in constant voltage mode, the operating temperature was 80 ℃, humidified air was introduced to the cathode at 80%, the humidification degree was 80%, and the inlet flow (not containing water vapor) was 1.50 × 10-6kg/s, humidified hydrogen was introduced into the anode at a humidification level of 90%, and the inlet flow (excluding water vapor) was 1.55X 10-7kg/s, the pressure at the cathode and anode outlets is one atmosphere.
Figure 4 shows a comparison of the polarization curves and net power output (total output power minus inlet pumping loss power) for two cells. As can be seen from the figure, the split optimization structure improves the performance of the fuel cell.
The average oxygen concentration in the cathode catalyst layers of two cells is shown in fig. 5, from which it can be seen that: the optimized structure increases the oxygen concentration in the reaction zone at the same current density. It is worth explaining that the length of the cathode flow channel in the test is only 90mm, the flow channel is longer in an actual single cell, and the end of the cathode flow channel is more seriously anoxic, so that the performance of the single cell is obviously improved by the design.
In order to understand the flowing condition of the liquid water in the flow passage, the present embodiment performs a liquid water flowing simulation test. In the test, a section which can show the flowing condition of the liquid water most in the vicinity of the upper water plate in the cathode flow channel is taken as a simulated area, and the flow speed of the inlet of the flow channel is 12 m/s. Fig. 6a and 6b respectively show the flow conditions (t represents time) of the side and middle liquid drops in the split optimization structure through the upper water plate, and it can be seen from the figure that most of the liquid water on the lower wall surface of the flow channel can move to the upper wall surface of the flow channel through the upper water plate and then is discharged. The optimized structure can effectively reduce the liquid water attached to the lower wall surface of the flow channel and promote the discharge of the liquid water.
Claims (5)
1. The split type cathode runner optimization structure of proton exchange membrane fuel cell, the runner of fuel cell is cut apart into two regions of negative pole and positive pole by proton exchange membrane, and the negative pole polar plate fluting constitutes the cathode runner, and the following of cathode runner is gas diffusion layer, characterized by: gas shield, side water board, middle water board are gone up as guide plate components of a whole that can function independently setting in the cathode flow way, wherein: the gas baffle plate (1) is inclined clockwise by 30 degrees and is contacted with the side wall surface of the cathode flow channel, the distance between the upper end surface of the gas baffle plate and the upper wall surface of the cathode flow channel is 0.2mm, the distance between the lower end surface of the gas baffle plate and the lower wall surface of the cathode flow channel is 0.1mm, every interval three and four intermediate positions of gas baffle all are equipped with one 150 degrees clockwise on water board (2) on the side and middle water board (3) in the negative pole runner, terminal surface and negative pole runner lower wall contact under water board on the side, both sides terminal surface and negative pole runner lateral wall contact, terminal surface and negative pole runner lower wall contact under middle water board, by 6 gas baffles, 1 piece side water board on the side, 1 piece middle water board combination is a set of, look the total length of negative pole runner and set up N group, middle water board is T shape structure, liquid water flows along the last wall of negative pole runner on water board and the middle water board guide on the side, the interval between each gas baffle sets up to 6 mm.
2. The split cathode flow channel optimization structure of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the width and the height of the cathode flow channel are both 1.0mm, the width of the gas baffle is 1mm, the thickness of the gas baffle is 0.1mm, the end faces of the two sides of the gas baffle are in contact with the side wall of the cathode flow channel, the included angle between the gas baffle and the flow direction of liquid water is 30 degrees, the gas baffle is arranged in the cathode flow channel in a split mode, and the distance between the lower end face of the first gas baffle and the inlet of the cathode flow channel is 4.3 mm.
3. The split cathode flow channel optimization structure of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the width of the water plate on the side edge is 0.3mm, the length is 1.4mm, the thickness is 0.1mm, and the included angle between the water plate on the side edge and the flowing direction of liquid water is 30 degrees.
4. The split cathode flow channel optimization structure of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the width of the upper end of the middle water feeding plate is 1.0mm, the length of the middle water feeding plate is 0.3mm, the thickness of the middle water feeding plate is 0.1mm, the width of the lower end of the middle water feeding plate is 0.4mm, the length of the middle water feeding plate is 1.1mm, and an included angle between the middle water feeding plate and the flowing direction of liquid water is 30 degrees.
5. The split cathode flow channel optimization structure of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the side water board is double-strip.
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| CN111200137B (en) * | 2018-11-16 | 2021-08-03 | 上海恒劲动力科技有限公司 | A fuel cell deflector |
| CN110112433B (en) * | 2019-04-19 | 2022-02-18 | 天津大学 | Proton exchange membrane fuel cell cathode flow field plate |
| CN110429295A (en) * | 2019-05-06 | 2019-11-08 | 天津大学 | The mixing waveform cathode flow channels of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells |
| CN111092243B (en) * | 2019-12-24 | 2023-03-24 | 太原科技大学 | Runner of fish scale bionic structure for fuel cell |
| CN113948744B (en) * | 2021-08-27 | 2024-08-02 | 大连锐格新能源科技有限公司 | High-power fuel cell spray humidifier and humidifying method thereof |
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| CN2886819Y (en) * | 2005-12-13 | 2007-04-04 | 胜光科技股份有限公司 | Cathode channel structure for fuel cells |
| CN202712341U (en) * | 2012-06-14 | 2013-01-30 | 航天新长征电动汽车技术有限公司 | Fuel cell and flow guide plates thereof |
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| CN106033818A (en) * | 2015-03-13 | 2016-10-19 | 上海恒劲动力科技有限公司 | Guide plate and fuel cell stack containing the same |
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| KR100813246B1 (en) * | 2006-10-12 | 2008-03-13 | 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 | Fuel cell with stack with improved sealing structure |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN2886819Y (en) * | 2005-12-13 | 2007-04-04 | 胜光科技股份有限公司 | Cathode channel structure for fuel cells |
| CN202712341U (en) * | 2012-06-14 | 2013-01-30 | 航天新长征电动汽车技术有限公司 | Fuel cell and flow guide plates thereof |
| CN106033818A (en) * | 2015-03-13 | 2016-10-19 | 上海恒劲动力科技有限公司 | Guide plate and fuel cell stack containing the same |
| CN106025309A (en) * | 2016-07-22 | 2016-10-12 | 武汉理工大学 | Fuel cell with spatial structural MEA (membrane electrode assembly) |
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