CN107665999B - Optimized structure of integral cathode runner of proton exchange membrane fuel cell - Google Patents
Optimized structure of integral cathode runner of proton exchange membrane fuel cell Download PDFInfo
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- CN107665999B CN107665999B CN201710858978.5A CN201710858978A CN107665999B CN 107665999 B CN107665999 B CN 107665999B CN 201710858978 A CN201710858978 A CN 201710858978A CN 107665999 B CN107665999 B CN 107665999B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/0258—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Abstract
The invention discloses an optimized structure of an integral cathode runner of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell, which comprises the following structures: the cathode flow channel comprises 6 gas blocking blocks, 1 upper gas blocking plate, 1 side edge water plate, 1 middle water feeding plate and 1 water blocking plate, wherein N groups are arranged in the cathode flow channel according to the total length of the cathode flow channel, and each group of the side edge water plate and the middle water feeding plate which are inclined by 145 degrees are arranged at the middle positions of three and four gas blocking plates in the flow channel. The left side and the right side of the gas baffle block are of a V-shaped 60-degree structure, the cathode flow channel is divided into an upper layer of channel and a lower layer of channel by the water conveying plate, and the gas in the upper channel is introduced into the lower channel by the upper gas baffle plate. The gas baffle block guides oxygen to enter the lower wall surface of the cathode flow channel, and the side water plates and the middle water plate guide liquid water to separate from the lower wall surface of the cathode flow channel. The structure can strengthen two functions of liquid water discharge and oxygen transmission, remarkably improve the phenomena of cathode flooding and insufficient oxygen of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell, and improve the performance of the fuel cell.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of electrochemical fuel cells, and particularly relates to a structural device of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell flow channel.
Background
Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFCs) are electrochemical reaction power devices that can directly convert chemical energy in fuel into electrical energy, have the advantages of high power density and zero carbon emission, and are widely considered as the devices that are most likely to replace internal combustion engines as automobile power in the future. At present, the performance and the service life of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell have great promotion space, wherein the water management and the transmission quality of reaction gas are key factors influencing the performance of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell.
When the proton exchange membrane fuel cell works, water is generated at the cathode, and under a specific working condition (such as high current density), a 'water logging' phenomenon can occur, namely the generated water cannot be discharged in time, so that a channel for transmitting reaction gas is blocked. Meanwhile, most of the reaction gas in the current flow channel enters the electrode in a diffusion mode, the speed is low, and the phenomena can cause that the oxygen at the cathode outlet of the fuel cell is seriously insufficient, so that the performance and the service life of the fuel cell are reduced. Therefore, optimizing the design of the cathode flow channels of the fuel cell to promote the discharge of water produced by the cathode and the transmission of oxygen is a key means for improving the performance and life of the fuel cell.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an optimized structure of an integral cathode flow channel of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell, wherein an integral guide plate structure is arranged in the cathode flow channel, so that water generated by cathode reaction is promoted to be discharged from the flow channel, oxygen participating in the reaction enters an electrode from the flow channel, and the performance of the fuel cell is improved.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme: the fuel cell channel is divided into two areas of cathode and anode by proton exchange membrane, the cathode plate is slotted to form cathode channel, and the gas diffusion layer is under the cathode channel.
The technical scheme is as follows: the gas baffle block, the side water plates, the middle water plate, the upper gas baffle plate, the water baffle plate and the water delivery plate are combined into an integral structure as a flow guide plate and are arranged in the cathode flow channel. And a side water feeding plate inclined at 145 degrees clockwise and a middle water feeding plate inclined at 145 degrees clockwise are arranged at the middle positions of three and four gas blocking blocks at intervals in the cathode flow channel, and the middle water feeding plate is of a T-shaped structure. The left side and the right side of the air baffle block are of a V-shaped 60-degree structure, the included angle between the left side surface of the air baffle block and the flowing direction of liquid water is 30 degrees, the air baffle block is in contact with the side wall surface of the cathode runner, the water delivery plate is positioned on the upper end surface of the air baffle block, a strip-shaped channel is arranged on the left side of the water delivery plate, and a water baffle plate is arranged at one end of the channel; the other end is provided with an upper gas baffle which is inclined by 30 degrees clockwise, the water delivery plate divides the cathode flow channel into an upper channel and a lower channel, the upper end surface of the upper gas baffle is contacted with the upper wall surface of the cathode flow channel, the included angle between the upper gas baffle and the flow direction of the liquid water is 30 degrees, the upper gas baffle introduces the gas of the upper channel into the lower channel, the gas baffle guides the oxygen into the lower wall surface of the cathode flow channel, the lower end surface of the side water plate is contacted with the lower wall surface of the cathode flow channel, the outer side surface of the side water plate is contacted with the cathode flow channel, the lower end surface of the middle water plate is contacted with the lower wall surface of the cathode flow channel, the included angle between the middle water plate and the flow direction of the liquid water is 35 degrees, the side water plate and the middle water plate guide the liquid water to be separated from the lower wall surface of the cathode flow channel, the liquid water flows out along the upper channel of the cathode flow channel, and the water is prevented from, The 1 middle water feeding plate and the 1 water baffle plate are combined into one group, and N groups are arranged according to the total length of the cathode flow channel.
The overall structure of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell is shown in fig. 1. The flow channel of the fuel cell is divided into a cathode region and an anode region by a proton exchange membrane, the structures of the cathode region and the anode region are correspondingly the same, and the cathode region and the anode region both comprise a polar plate, the flow channel, a Gas Diffusion Layer (GDL), a Catalytic Layer (CL) and the like. When the fuel cell works, humidified air and hydrogen respectively enter the flow channel from the inlets of the cathode and the anode, and then pass through the gas diffusion layer to reach the catalytic layer to participate in reaction. In the reaction process, the anode catalyst layer consumes hydrogen, the generated hydrogen ions can directly penetrate through the proton exchange membrane to reach the cathode catalyst layer, the generated electrons can only reach the cathode catalyst layer through an external circuit, so that a communicated circuit is formed, and the hydrogen ions and the electrons reaching the cathode catalyst layer react with the oxygen at the cathode to generate water.
The flow guide plate of the cathode flow channel of the battery is made into a whole outside and then assembled into the flow channel. The integrated structure of the cathode flow channel of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell can strengthen two functions of liquid water discharge and oxygen transmission.
The invention has the characteristics and beneficial effects that: the cathode runner of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell has simple structure, is easy to process and can be conveniently placed in the cathode runner. The structure can promote the discharge of liquid water in the cathode flow channel on one hand, prevent the liquid water from blocking a channel for transmitting reaction gas, promote the oxygen in the flow channel to enter the electrode through enhancing the convection effect of the gas, prevent the phenomenon of insufficient oxygen in a reaction area in the electrode, and improve the performance of the fuel cell.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell.
Fig. 2 is a schematic perspective view of the structural principle of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of fig. 2.
FIG. 4 is a graph comparing the performance of the batteries according to the embodiments of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a graph comparing the average oxygen concentration in the catalytic layers according to the example of the present invention.
Fig. 6a and 6b show the flow of the side and middle drops of the flow channel of the monolithic structure through the upper water plate.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be noted that the present embodiments are illustrative rather than limiting and do not limit the scope of the invention.
The specific structure that the whole guide plate of the cathode runner set up is: the gas baffle block 2, the side water plates 3, the middle water plates 4, the upper gas baffle plate 1, the water baffle plate 5 and the water delivery plate 6 are combined into an integral structure as a flow guide plate and are arranged in the cathode flow channel.
The cathode flow channel is provided with a side water feeding plate inclining 145 degrees clockwise and a middle water feeding plate inclining 145 degrees clockwise at the middle positions of three and four gas blocking blocks at intervals, the middle water feeding plate is of a T-shaped structure, the side water feeding plate is double-strip-shaped, the left side and the right side of each gas blocking block are of a V-shaped 60-degree structure, and the included angle between the left side of each gas blocking block and the flowing direction of liquid water is 30 degrees. The gas blocking block is contacted with the side wall surface of the cathode runner, the water delivery plate is positioned on the upper end surface of the gas blocking block, and the left side of the water delivery plate is provided with a strip-shaped channel. One end of the channel is provided with a water baffle; the other end is provided with an upper air baffle which is inclined by 30 degrees clockwise. The water delivery plate divides the cathode flow channel into an upper layer of channel and a lower layer of channel, the upper end face of the upper gas baffle is in contact with the upper wall face of the cathode flow channel, the included angle between the upper gas baffle and the flowing direction of liquid water is 30 degrees, and the upper gas baffle introduces gas of the upper channel into the lower channel. The gas baffle block guides oxygen to enter the lower wall surface of the cathode runner, the lower end surface of the water plate on the side edge is in contact with the lower wall surface of the cathode runner, the outer side surface of the water plate on the side edge is in contact with the cathode runner, and the included angle between the water plate on the side edge and the flowing direction of liquid water is 35 degrees. The lower end face of the middle water feeding plate is contacted with the lower wall face of the cathode runner, and the included angle between the middle water feeding plate and the flowing direction of the liquid water is 35 degrees. The side water plates and the middle water feeding plate guide liquid water to be separated from the lower wall surface of the cathode flow channel, so that the liquid water flows out along the upper channel of the cathode flow channel, the water baffle plates prevent the liquid water in the upper channel from flowing to the lower channel, the 6 gas baffle blocks, the 1 upper gas baffle plate, the 1 side water plate, the 1 middle water feeding plate and the 1 water baffle plate are combined into a group, and N groups are arranged according to the total length of the cathode flow channel.
In the guide plate integrally arranged in the cathode flow channel, the distance from the lower end face of the first gas blocking block to the inlet of the cathode flow channel is 3.0mm, the distance between the two gas blocking blocks is 6.0mm, the distance from the lower end faces of the other gas blocking blocks to the lower wall face of the cathode flow channel is 0.1mm, and the width of each gas blocking block is 1 mm. The left side surface of the air baffle block forms an angle of 30 degrees with the flowing direction of the liquid water (as shown in figure 2).
The width of the upper air baffle is 0.4mm, and the thickness of the upper air baffle is 0.1 mm. The included angle between the upper air baffle and the flowing direction of the liquid water is 30 degrees.
The width of the water plate on the side edge is 0.3mm, the thickness of the plate is 0.1mm, and the included angle between the water plate on the side edge and the flowing direction of liquid water is 35 degrees.
The width of the middle water feeding plate is 0.4mm, and the thickness of the plate is 0.1 mm. The included angle between the middle water feeding plate and the flowing direction of the liquid water is 35 degrees.
In the example, the length of the cathode flow channel is 90mm, and the length of each group of guide plates integrally arranged in the cathode flow channel is 30mm, so 3 groups of flow channels are arranged in the example.
The width and height of the cathode flow channel are both 1.0mm, the height of the upper channel is 0.2mm, the height of the lower channel is 0.7mm, and the thickness of the middle water delivery plate is 0.1 mm.
The split type guide plates are fixed in grooves of the pole plates beside the cathode flow channel by an embedding method, and the integral type structure is fixed in the cathode flow channel by interference assembly of the two sides of the plates.
The cathode flow channel structure optimization mainly designs two flow guide plates with different functional structures, wherein the gas baffle plate has the function of promoting oxygen in the flow channel to enter an electrode to participate in reaction, and the side edge and middle water feeding plates have the function of guiding liquid water to leave the contact surface of the flow channel and a gas diffusion layer (the lower wall surface of the flow channel) and enable the liquid water to flow out along the upper wall surface of the flow channel (the upper wall surface of the flow channel has stronger hydrophilicity) so as to prevent the liquid water from blocking the channel of gas entering the electrode.
In this example, the flow path lengths are all 90mm, only 1/3(30mm) being shown.
In the integral arrangement of the cathode flow channel guide plate, the gas baffle block has the function of promoting oxygen in the flow channel to enter the electrode to participate in reaction, the upper gas baffle plate has the function of introducing gas in the upper channel into the lower channel as much as possible, the side and middle water feeding plates also have the function of guiding liquid water to leave the contact surface between the flow channel and the gas diffusion layer (the lower wall surface of the flow channel) and allow the liquid water to flow out along the upper channel of the flow channel to prevent the liquid water from blocking the channel of the gas entering the electrode, and the water baffle plate has the function of preventing the liquid water in the upper channel from flowing to the lower channel.
In this embodiment, two fuel cells are used, wherein the cathode flow channel of the first cell is a conventional flow channel that is not optimized, and the cathode flow channel of the second cell is optimized by using an integral structure. The two cells have the same structure and the same material except the structure of the cathode flow channel. The two batteries are tested under the same working condition, the batteries are operated in a constant voltage mode, the operating temperature is 80 ℃, humidified air is introduced into a cathode, the humidification degree is 80%, and the air inlet flow is 3.91kg/m2The anode is fed with humidified hydrogen, the humidification degree is 90 percent, and the gas inlet flow is 0.42kg/m2And/s, the pressure at the outlet of the cathode and the anode is one atmosphere.
Figure 3 shows a comparison of the polarization curve and net power output (total output power minus inlet pumping loss power) for 2 cells. As can be seen from the figure, the integral optimization structure has a very obvious improvement on improving the performance of the fuel cell.
The average oxygen concentration in the cathode catalyst layers of 2 cells is given in fig. 5, from which it can be seen that: under the same current density, the integral structure can obviously improve the oxygen concentration of the reaction zone. It is worth explaining that the length of the cathode flow channel in the test is only 90mm, the flow channel is longer in an actual single cell, and the end of the cathode flow channel is more seriously anoxic, so that the performance of the single cell is obviously improved by the design.
In order to understand the flowing condition of the liquid water in the flow passage, the present embodiment performs a liquid water flowing simulation test. In the test, a section which can show the flowing condition of the liquid water most in the vicinity of the upper water plate in the cathode flow channel is taken as a simulated area, and the flow speed of the inlet of the flow channel is 12 m/s. Fig. 6a and 6b show the flow conditions of the side and middle liquid drops through the upper water plate in the integral optimization structure respectively. As can be seen from the figure, most of the liquid water on the lower wall surface of the flow channel can move to the upper channel of the flow channel through the upper water plate and then is discharged. Therefore, the optimized structure can effectively reduce the liquid water attached to the lower wall surface of the flow channel and promote the discharge of the liquid water.
Claims (7)
1. The utility model provides an optimized structure of proton exchange membrane fuel cell integral cathode runner, fuel cell's runner is cut apart into two regions of negative pole and positive pole by proton exchange membrane, and the negative pole polar plate fluting constitutes the cathode runner, and the following gas diffusion layer of cathode runner, characterized by: the air blocking block (2), the side water plates (3), the middle water feeding plate (4), the upper air blocking plate (1), the water blocking plate (5) and the water delivery plate (6) are combined into an integral structure as a guide plate and are arranged in a cathode runner, the side water plates which are inclined clockwise by 145 degrees and the middle water feeding plate which is inclined clockwise by 145 degrees are arranged at the middle position of every three and four air blocking blocks in the cathode runner, the middle water feeding plate is of a T-shaped structure, the left side and the right side of the air blocking block are of a V-shaped 60-degree structure, the included angle between the left side surface of the air blocking block and the flowing direction of liquid water is 30 degrees, the air blocking block is in contact with the side wall surface of the cathode runner, the water delivery plate is positioned on the upper end surface of the air blocking block, the left side of the water delivery plate is provided with a strip-shaped; the other end is provided with an upper gas baffle which is inclined by 30 degrees clockwise, the cathode flow channel is divided into an upper channel and a lower channel by the water delivery plate, the upper end surface of the upper gas baffle is contacted with the upper wall surface of the cathode flow channel, the included angle between the upper gas baffle and the flow direction of liquid water is 30 degrees, the gas of the upper channel is introduced into the lower channel by the upper gas baffle, the gas baffle guides oxygen to enter the lower wall surface of the cathode flow channel, the lower end surface of the side water plate is contacted with the lower wall surface of the cathode flow channel, the outer side surface of the side water plate is contacted with the cathode flow channel, the included angle between the side water plate and the flow direction of liquid water is 35 degrees, the lower end surface of the middle water plate is contacted with the lower wall surface of the cathode flow channel, the included angle between the middle water plate and the flow direction of liquid water is 35 degrees, the liquid water is guided to be separated from the lower wall surface of the cathode flow channel by the, the cathode flow channel comprises 6 gas blocking blocks, 1 upper gas blocking plate, 1 side edge water plate, 1 middle water feeding plate and 1 water blocking plate which are combined into a group, and N groups are arranged according to the total length of the cathode flow channel.
2. The pem fuel cell monolithic cathode flow-channel optimization structure of claim 1, wherein: the width and the height of the cathode flow channel are both 1.0mm, the height of the upper channel is 0.2mm, the height of the lower channel is 0.7mm, and the thickness of the middle upper water plate is 0.1 mm.
3. The pem fuel cell monolithic cathode flow-channel optimization structure of claim 1, wherein: in the guide plate integrally arranged in the cathode flow channel, the distance from the lower end face of the first gas blocking block to the inlet of the cathode flow channel is 3.0mm, the distance from the lower end faces of the other gas blocking blocks to the lower wall face of the cathode flow channel is 0.1mm, and the width of each gas blocking block is 1 mm.
4. The pem fuel cell monolithic cathode flow-channel optimization structure of claim 1, wherein: the width of the upper air baffle is 0.4mm, and the thickness of the upper air baffle is 0.1 mm.
5. The pem fuel cell monolithic cathode flow-channel optimization structure of claim 1, wherein: the width of the water board on the side edge is 0.3mm, and the thickness of the board is 0.1 mm.
6. The pem fuel cell monolithic cathode flow-channel optimization structure of claim 1, wherein: the width of the middle water feeding plate is 0.4mm, and the thickness of the plate is 0.1 mm.
7. The pem fuel cell monolithic cathode flow-channel optimization structure of claim 1, wherein: the side water board is double-strip.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN111177920B (en) * | 2019-12-27 | 2023-09-15 | 格罗夫氢能源科技集团有限公司 | Method and terminal for designing fuel cell flow channel |
| CN111370728B (en) * | 2020-03-18 | 2021-03-09 | 清华大学 | Fuel cell polar plate flow field and fuel cell polar plate |
| CN113381037B (en) * | 2020-09-03 | 2022-05-10 | 青岛科技大学 | Hydrophobic flow guide polar plate of fuel cell |
| CN112952133B (en) * | 2021-01-29 | 2023-04-07 | 华中科技大学 | Metal bipolar plate fuel cell and sightseeing vehicle |
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| CN101099253A (en) * | 2005-01-05 | 2008-01-02 | 动力磁盘发展有限公司 | Improved fuel cell cathode flow field |
| WO2011093124A1 (en) * | 2010-01-26 | 2011-08-04 | パナソニック電工株式会社 | Water treatment device |
| CN106025309A (en) * | 2016-07-22 | 2016-10-12 | 武汉理工大学 | Fuel cell with spatial structural MEA (membrane electrode assembly) |
| CN106033818A (en) * | 2015-03-13 | 2016-10-19 | 上海恒劲动力科技有限公司 | Guide plate and fuel cell stack containing the same |
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Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101099253A (en) * | 2005-01-05 | 2008-01-02 | 动力磁盘发展有限公司 | Improved fuel cell cathode flow field |
| WO2011093124A1 (en) * | 2010-01-26 | 2011-08-04 | パナソニック電工株式会社 | Water treatment device |
| CN106033818A (en) * | 2015-03-13 | 2016-10-19 | 上海恒劲动力科技有限公司 | Guide plate and fuel cell stack containing the same |
| CN106025309A (en) * | 2016-07-22 | 2016-10-12 | 武汉理工大学 | Fuel cell with spatial structural MEA (membrane electrode assembly) |
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