CN116106107A - Method for removing gloss oil on surface of pigment layer fragments of fragile oil painting cultural relics - Google Patents
Method for removing gloss oil on surface of pigment layer fragments of fragile oil painting cultural relics Download PDFInfo
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- CN116106107A CN116106107A CN202310336052.5A CN202310336052A CN116106107A CN 116106107 A CN116106107 A CN 116106107A CN 202310336052 A CN202310336052 A CN 202310336052A CN 116106107 A CN116106107 A CN 116106107A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/34—Purifying; Cleaning
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
- G01N21/63—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light optically excited
- G01N21/65—Raman scattering
Abstract
The invention relates to the field of cultural relics protection and restoration, and particularly discloses a method for removing gloss oil on the surface of pigment layer fragments of a fragile oil painting cultural relics, which comprises the following steps: s1, obtaining pigment layer fragments falling off from oil painting cultural relics; s2, attaching pigment layer fragments on a support body formed by kneading plastic materials on the basis of maintaining the original form of the pigment layer fragments; s3, selecting a proper treatment method to remove the gloss oil on the surface of the pigment layer fragments according to the gloss oil performance of the front surface of the pigment layer fragments. The invention is beneficial to the analysis and detection personnel to obtain the accurate Raman information of the detected pigment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of cultural relics protection and restoration, in particular to a method for removing gloss oil on the surface of pigment layer fragments of a fragile oil painting cultural relics.
Background
The pigment is an important substance component and an artistic expression form of the oil painting cultural relics, and the protection of the oil painting cultural relic pigment is a hot spot difficulty in the cultural heritage field. The cultural relics have the characteristic of non-reproducibility, and the in-situ, nondestructive and accurate analysis of micro-samples of the cultural relic pigment is an important work for protecting the cultural relics. The Raman spectrum uses photons as probes, can perform in-situ nondestructive detection, is extremely sensitive to the structure and components of the sample, and has the characteristics of the Raman spectrum of various substances like human fingerprints, so that the Raman spectrum becomes a very favorable nondestructive or microdamage detection means. The pigment used for the oil painting cultural relics can be accurately measured through Raman spectrum analysis and detection, so that a basis can be provided for effective protection and repair of the oil painting cultural relics and authenticity identification, and people can be helped to know information in the aspects of current technology level, culture, trade communication, social and economic conditions and the like.
The oil painting is a composite material cultural relic, is easily influenced by environmental, human and self factors, and generates various diseases such as damage, deformation and decay of a canvas support, delamination, hollowing, nail lifting, falling off of a painting layer, yellowing and pollution of a gloss oil layer and the like, and needs to be protected and repaired. When the oil painting is repairably protected, the problems of color compensation and bottom compensation are frequently encountered. The basic principle of cultural relic protection requires that the raw materials of the cultural relic body are kept unchanged as much as possible, namely, the original texture, the original components and the original colors of the cultural relic body are kept unchanged. Pigments of the same color system are often various, and the weathering effect of the pigments is difficult to distinguish by naked eyes. Therefore, before the repair protection work, the phase identification of the original pigment at the position where the color compensation and the ground compensation are needed is a foundation, and is also a necessary work so as to provide a basis for the selection of the pigment during repair. Meanwhile, compared with other cultural relics, the oil painting has the characteristics of various colors, sensitivity to environment and the like. Early oil painting multipurpose mineral pigments, all chemical synthetic pigments are gradually increased, and some early pigments may not be found; therefore, the compatibility of the pigment selected during the repair with the original pigment, i.e. whether the pigment selected will react with the original pigment directly or under certain environmental induction, is a matter of concern, i.e. the safety of the so-called cultural relic repair material.
The gloss oil is composed of dissolved resin, adhesive, gum, drying oil and solvent, and is used for spraying or brushing on the surface of an oil painting pigment layer to form a colorless transparent compact film, which not only plays a role in unifying the gloss of the picture, but also can isolate harmful gas and pollutants in the atmosphere so as to achieve the purpose of protecting oil painting works. The ideal gloss oil for oil painting should be transparent and colorless for a long period of time, possess durable and sufficient elasticity, and be easily removed after aging. However, the absolute ideal gloss oil is basically absent, and the gloss oil loses the original gloss and turns yellow, hardens, becomes brittle and cracks under the influence of external environment and human factors along with the time, and dust accumulation, pollutants and the like are also stored on the surface of the gloss oil, so that the color effect of the oil painting work is changed. The fluorescence of the resin varnish is strong, and the analysis signal of the Raman spectrum is easy to interfere, so that the accurate Raman information of the detected pigment cannot be obtained, and therefore, the removal of the varnish on the surface of the oil painting pigment layer becomes particularly important for Raman spectrum detection analysis. After the gloss oil is removed, pigment powder particles can be exposed as far as possible, the color of the surface of an oil painting picture can be intuitively presented, the influence of fluorescence generated by the gloss oil on a Raman spectrum signal is removed, and the Raman spectrum signal is directly analyzed and detected by a Raman analyzer from the front side so as to obtain an accurate Raman characteristic peak of the detected pigment.
Because the relics are not renewable, the relics are generally detected in a nondestructive or micro-damage mode, and the broken pieces of the fallen oil painting pigment layer which cannot be pasted back are generally taken for analysis and detection so as to know the pigment components and the manufacturing process of the oil painting. However, such fragments are generally characterized by a weak (substantially one touch, shattered) and bending deformation, and the aged gloss oil on the surface cannot be removed by the conventional method. As described above, the presence of varnish on the surface of pigment layer fragments results in the inability to obtain accurate raman information of the pigment being inspected, which is not desirable for the analysis inspector.
Therefore, in order to solve the above technical problems, a method for removing gloss oil on the surface of fragments of pigment layer of fragile oil painting cultural relics is needed, so as to be beneficial to analysis and detection personnel to obtain accurate raman information of the detected pigment.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the invention aims to provide a method for removing gloss oil on the surface of fragments of pigment layers of fragile oil painting cultural relics, which is beneficial to analysis and detection personnel to obtain accurate Raman information of detected pigment.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides a method for removing gloss oil on the surface of fragments of a pigment layer of a fragile oil painting cultural relic, which comprises the following steps:
s1, obtaining pigment layer fragments falling off from oil painting cultural relics;
s2, attaching pigment layer fragments on a support body formed by kneading plastic materials on the basis of maintaining the original form of the pigment layer fragments;
s3, selecting a proper treatment method to remove the gloss oil on the surface of the pigment layer fragments according to the gloss oil performance of the front surface of the pigment layer fragments.
As a further improvement to the above technical solution, step S2 includes:
s2-1, diluting the plastic kneading material with purified water to be in a viscous state;
s2-2, lightly brushing the viscous kneading plastic material on the back of the pigment layer fragments along the bending direction of the pigment layer fragments, so that the kneading plastic material is molded layer by layer behind the pigment layer fragments, and finally forming the handheld support body.
As a further improvement to the above technical scheme, in step S2-1, the temperature of the purified water is 40-55 ℃.
As a further improvement to the above technical scheme, in step S2-2, the concentration of the kneading material in the kneading material mixture is increased during the molding of the support.
As a further improvement to the above technical solution, the following operations are further performed after step S2-2:
s2-3, after the support is completely dried, washing off the kneading plastic material adhered to the surface of the pigment layer fragments by using clean water until the pigment layer is exposed.
As a further improvement to the above technical solution, the kneading material is paper clay.
As a further improvement to the above technical solution, in step S3, if the gloss oil on the front surface of the pigment layer fragments is soft resin gloss oil, a cotton swab is used to dip in a suitable solvent, and the gloss oil on the surface of the oil painting pigment layer is gently wiped under the magnifying glass until the gloss oil is clean, i.e. the removal work is completed.
As a further improvement to the above technical scheme, in step S3, if the gloss oil on the front surface of the pigment layer fragments is hard resin gloss oil, the pigment layer fragments are first placed in absolute ethanol vapor for fumigation, and after the gloss oil is softened, the gloss oil on the surface of the oil painting pigment layer is gradually removed under a magnifying glass by using a cutter until the gloss oil is removed completely, thus the removal work is completed.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
according to the method for removing gloss oil on the surface of the pigment layer fragments of the fragile oil painting cultural relics, the pigment layer fragments are firstly attached to the support body formed by the plastic kneading materials on the basis of maintaining the original form of the pigment layer fragments before gloss oil is removed, so that the fragile pigment layer fragments can be effectively supported and fixed, gloss oil on the surface of the pigment layer fragments of the fragile oil painting cultural relics can be smoothly removed, and analysis and detection personnel can obtain accurate Raman information of detected pigments.
Additional aspects of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for removing gloss oil on the surface of a pigment layer fragment of a fragile oil painting cultural relic provided by the invention;
FIG. 2 is a photograph of pigment layer fragments attached to a support formed of paper clay using the method of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a photomicrograph (50 times magnification) of the surface of the pigment layer fragment before gloss oil removal;
FIG. 4 is a photomicrograph (50 Xmagnification) of the pigment layer chip surface after gloss oil removal;
FIG. 5 is a graph of Raman analysis data before removal of gloss oil in region A of the pigment layer debris surface;
FIG. 6 is a graph of Raman analysis data after removal of gloss oil in region A of the pigment layer debris surface;
FIG. 7 is a graph of Raman analysis data before removal of gloss oil in region B of the pigment layer debris surface;
FIG. 8 is a graph of Raman analysis data after removal of gloss oil in region B of the pigment layer chip surface;
FIG. 9 is a graph of Raman analysis data before removal of gloss oil in region C of the pigment layer chip surface;
fig. 10 is a graph of raman analysis data after removal of gloss oil in region C of the pigment layer chip surface.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical scheme of the present invention better understood by those skilled in the art, the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a method for removing gloss oil on the surface of an object, which is applied to the field of cultural relics protection and repair, and the object is mainly fragile pigment layer fragments of the cultural relics of oil painting, so that the method for removing gloss oil on the surface of the pigment layer fragments of the cultural relics of oil painting is provided, and comprises the following steps S1-S3.
And S1, obtaining pigment layer fragments falling off from the oil painting cultural relics. The pigment layer fragments naturally fall off from the oil painting cultural relics, cannot be pasted back generally, are lack of effective support and insufficient in toughness, are extremely easy to break after being stressed, have the characteristic of bending deformation, and cannot be directly pasted and fixed on a solid support; the more recent the year, the more fragile the paint layer fragments that fall off from the oil painting cultural relics.
And S2, attaching pigment layer fragments on a support body formed by kneading the plastic material on the basis of maintaining the original form of the pigment layer fragments. The bending deformation form of pigment layer fragments is maintained, the bending deformation is not corrected, and crushing accidents are prevented; the back of the pigment layer fragments is attached to the upper surface of the support body; the kneading and molding means twisting, rubbing and kneading by fingers, and then rubbing, cutting and dotting by a knife, a comb and a needle, so that the material can be shaped into various rough blanks; the kneading material can be, for example, clay, surface soil, clay and the like which are convenient for shaping, easy to remove, and not easy to deform, crack or deteriorate after drying, and of course, the kneading material does not contain metal substances so as not to influence the subsequent detection.
And S3, selecting a proper treatment method to remove the gloss oil on the surface of the pigment layer fragments according to the gloss oil performance of the front surface of the pigment layer fragments. Suitable treatment methods may be determined according to specific needs, and the method of removing gloss oil after the pigment layer fragments are effectively supported is no different from the prior art.
The gloss oil is easy to age, yellow and the like along with the time, the property of the gloss oil is hard resin gloss oil or soft resin gloss oil which is difficult to observe by naked eyes, and the gloss oil needs rich practical experience; in addition, in the process of cleaning the gloss oil, a proper cleaning agent is selected for a spot experiment, the cleaning effect is judged, and in the process of performing the spot experiment, the property of the gloss oil can be judged according to the cleaning effect of the cleaning agent.
The implementation of step S2 may further specifically include S2-1 to S2-3.
S2-1, diluting the plastic kneading material with purified water to be in a viscous state; pure warm water can be used for purifying water, and the temperature can be 40-55deg.C; the plastic kneading material in a viscous state is beneficial to hanging on the back of pigment layer fragments, and can prevent the pigment layer fragments from being broken.
S2-2, lightly brushing the viscous kneading plastic material on the back of the pigment layer fragments along the bending direction of the pigment layer fragments, so that the kneading plastic material is molded layer by layer behind the pigment layer fragments, and finally forming the handheld support body. The support body is gradually painted and solidified, and can be gradually shaped into a required shape, so long as pigment layer fragments can be attached. In addition, after pigment layer fragments are successfully attached, the concentration of the kneading materials in the kneading material mixture can be increased in the support body forming process, so that the support body can be dried and formed quickly.
S2-3, after the support is completely dried, washing off the kneading plastic material adhered to the surface of the pigment layer fragments by using clean water until the pigment layer is exposed. In the molding process of the kneading material, the front of the pigment layer fragments are inevitably adhered more or less, and particularly, the joint part of the pigment layer edge and the kneading material is formed.
After the detection, according to the pigment layer fragment plane, the paper clay can be cut into a plane which is basically matched with the pigment layer fragment plane by a scalpel on the back of the support body, so that a sample can be placed conveniently during detection, and a monitoring point can be selected.
Finally, the gloss oil is removed. At this time, if the gloss oil on the front surface of the pigment layer fragments is soft resin gloss oil, a cotton swab is used for dipping a proper solvent, and the gloss oil on the surface of the oil painting pigment layer is gently wiped under an magnifying glass until the gloss oil is clean, so that the removal work is completed; if the gloss oil on the front surface of the pigment layer fragments is hard resin gloss oil, firstly placing the pigment layer fragments into absolute ethyl alcohol steam for fumigation, and gradually removing the gloss oil on the surface of the oil painting pigment layer under a magnifying glass by using a cutter after the gloss oil is softened until the gloss oil is removed completely, thus finishing the removal work.
Example two
The method for removing gloss oil on the surface of the pigment layer fragments of the fragile oil painting cultural relics provided by the embodiment takes paper clay as a kneading material, and specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, obtaining pigment layer fragments falling off from oil painting cultural relics
S2, diluting the paper clay to be sticky (the state that the hooking pen can be stuck) by warm water (the temperature can be between 40 and 55 ℃), and then lightly brushing the sticky paper clay on the back surface of the pigment layer by the hooking pen along the bending direction of the pigment layer fragments, so that the pigment layer fragments are attached to a support body formed by the paper clay.
The paper clay is one of clay, is prepared from pulp mixed resin and clay, is nontoxic, does not stick to hands, has good flexibility and strong plasticity, does not need baking during forming, and can not generate cracks after being dried by natural air drying.
In order to facilitate plasticity, the adopted paper clay mixture has lower concentration, and after pigment layer fragments to be deformed are completely adhered to the paper clay support, the concentration of the paper clay in the pigment layer fragments is increased, and the paper clay is continuously coated on the back of the support until the support forms a size and shape which can be held by one hand, so that the post-treatment is facilitated.
After the paper clay is completely dried, a cotton swab is used for dipping warm water to gently wash away the paper clay attached to the surface of the pigment layer fragments until the positions of the pigment layer fragments are exposed.
Then, according to the pigment layer fragment plane, a surgical knife is used for cutting the back of the paper clay support body into a plane which is basically matched with the pigment layer surface, so that a sample is placed to select monitoring points during detection.
As a result, as shown in fig. 2 and 3, the fragments of the pigment layer that were originally fragile have been successfully attached to the support formed of paper clay.
And S3, selecting a proper treatment method to remove the gloss oil on the surface of the oil painting pigment layer according to the gloss oil performance of the oil painting surface.
If the gloss oil on the surface of the oil painting pigment layer is soft resin gloss oil, a cotton swab is used for dipping a proper solvent, and the gloss oil on the surface of the oil painting pigment layer is gently wiped under a magnifying glass until the gloss oil is clean.
If the gloss oil on the surface of the oil painting pigment layer is hard resin gloss oil, the fragments of the oil painting pigment layer are placed in absolute ethanol steam for 10 to 15 minutes (the placing time cannot be too long, the gloss oil on the surface can form a compact film and cannot be removed), after the gloss oil is softened, the hard resin gloss oil on the surface of the oil painting is slowly removed under a magnifying glass by using a surgical knife, if the gloss oil is hard in the removing process, the fragments are placed in absolute ethanol steam again, and the process is repeated until the gloss oil is completely removed.
As a result, as shown in fig. 4, the pigment layer fragments attached to the support body can successfully remove gloss oil without breaking and further deformation during the removal process.
After the treatment is completed, the corresponding colors can be analyzed and detected by adopting a Raman spectrometer.
Detection example:
as shown in fig. 3 and fig. 4, three corresponding areas A, B, C on the same pigment layer fragments before and after gloss oil removal (the gloss oil removal method is the method provided by the embodiment) are selected, and analysis and detection are performed by using a raman spectrometer respectively; wherein, under the visual state, the A area is reddish brown, the B area is blue, and the C area is white.
FIG. 5 is a graph showing Raman analysis data before removing gloss oil in region A of the pigment layer chip surface, and FIG. 6 is a table showing pigment layer chipThe raman analysis data graph (the abscissa indicates the wave number, the ordinate indicates the raman intensity, and the following is the same) after the gloss oil is removed in the area a, and it can be seen that the graph corresponds to the area a: the Raman analysis result before the varnish cleaning is only 2157cm -1 The vibration band with weaker signal appears, which is possibly caused by the stretching vibration of the carbon-nitrogen triple bond group in Prussian blue, so that the color development component of the reddish brown pigment can not be monitored; the Raman peak value in the Raman spectrum after the varnish is washed is mainly 219cm -1 、294cm -1 、405cm -1 、488cm -1 、606cm -1 、1302cm -1 、2153cm -1 214cm from the standard characteristic peak of Raman spectrum of hematite ore -1 、284cm -1 、403cm -1 、486cm -1 、601cm -1 、1304cm -1 The corresponding comparison is good, and the color development component of the reddish brown region is hematite.
Fig. 7 is a raman analysis data graph before the removal of the gloss oil in the region B of the pigment layer chip surface, and fig. 8 is a raman analysis data graph after the removal of the gloss oil in the region B of the pigment layer chip surface, and it can be seen that for the region B: the Raman analysis result before the varnish cleaning does not show any Raman peak, but the Raman peak in the Raman spectrogram after the varnish cleaning mainly shows 120cm -1 、207cm -1 、276cm -1 、369cm -1 、530cm -1 、947cm -1 、986cm -1 、2092cm -1 、2119cm -1 、2153cm -1 With Prussian blue, 273cm of Raman spectrum standard characteristic peak -1 、534cm -1 、2094cm -1 、2123cm -1 、2159cm -1 The corresponding comparison is good, and the substance can be determined to be Prussian blue.
Fig. 9 is a raman analysis data graph before the removal of the gloss oil in the region C on the surface of the pigment layer chip, and fig. 10 is a raman analysis data graph after the removal of the gloss oil in the region C on the surface of the pigment layer chip, and it can be seen that for the region C: the Raman analysis result before the varnish cleaning does not show any Raman peak, but the Raman peak in the Raman spectrum after the varnish cleaning mainly shows 987cm -1 、616cm -1 、460cm -1 Wherein 987cm -1 、616cm -1 The S-O bending deformation vibration and the symmetrical stretching vibration in the sulfate radical are respectively corresponding, and the substance can be deduced to be barium sulfate by combining the X-ray diffraction analysis result.
Therefore, after the gloss oil on the surface of the pigment layer fragments of the fragile oil painting cultural relics is removed by the method, analysis and detection personnel can obtain accurate Raman information of the detected pigment.
Finally, it is pointed out that the principles and embodiments of the invention have been described herein with reference to specific examples, which are intended to be merely illustrative of the core idea of the invention, and that several improvements and modifications can be made to the invention without departing from the principles of the invention, which also fall within the scope of protection of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. The method for removing gloss oil on the surface of the pigment layer fragments of the fragile oil painting cultural relics is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, obtaining pigment layer fragments falling off from oil painting cultural relics;
s2, attaching pigment layer fragments on a support body formed by kneading plastic materials on the basis of maintaining the original form of the pigment layer fragments;
s3, selecting a proper treatment method to remove the gloss oil on the surface of the pigment layer fragments according to the gloss oil performance of the front surface of the pigment layer fragments.
2. The method for removing gloss oil from the surface of the pigment layer fragments of the fragile oil painting cultural relics according to claim 1, wherein the step S2 comprises:
s2-1, diluting the plastic kneading material with purified water to be in a viscous state;
s2-2, lightly brushing the viscous kneading plastic material on the back of the pigment layer fragments along the bending direction of the pigment layer fragments, so that the kneading plastic material is molded layer by layer behind the pigment layer fragments, and finally forming the handheld support body.
3. The method for removing gloss oil from the surface of pigment layer fragments of fragile oil painting according to claim 2, wherein in step S2-1, the temperature of the purified water is 40-55 ℃.
4. The method for removing varnish from the surface of the pigment layer fragments of the fragile oil painting cultural relics according to claim 2, wherein in the step S2-2, the concentration of the kneading material in the kneading material mixture is increased during the molding of the support.
5. The method for removing gloss oil on the surface of the pigment layer fragments of the fragile oil painting cultural relics according to claim 2, wherein the following operations are further performed after the step S2-2:
s2-3, after the support is completely dried, washing off the kneading plastic material adhered to the surface of the pigment layer fragments by using clean water until the pigment layer is exposed.
6. The method for removing gloss oil on the surface of the pigment layer fragments of the fragile oil painting cultural relics according to any one of claims 1 to 5, which is characterized in that: the kneading material is paper clay.
7. The method for removing gloss oil on the surface of the pigment layer fragments of the fragile oil painting cultural relics according to any one of claims 1 to 5, which is characterized in that: in step S3, if the gloss oil on the front surface of the pigment layer fragments is soft resin gloss oil, a cotton swab is used to dip in a proper solvent, and the gloss oil on the surface of the oil painting pigment layer is gently wiped under the magnifying glass until the gloss oil is clean, and then the removal work is completed.
8. The method for removing gloss oil on the surface of the pigment layer fragments of the fragile oil painting cultural relics according to any one of claims 1 to 5, which is characterized in that: in step S3, if the gloss oil on the front surface of the pigment layer fragments is hard resin gloss oil, the pigment layer fragments are firstly placed in absolute ethanol vapor for fumigation, and after the gloss oil is softened, the gloss oil on the surface of the oil painting pigment layer is gradually removed under a magnifying glass by using a cutter until the gloss oil is removed completely, so that the removal work is completed.
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