CN116105381A - Photo-thermal power station control strategy adapting to multi-scene operation mode - Google Patents

Photo-thermal power station control strategy adapting to multi-scene operation mode Download PDF

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CN116105381A
CN116105381A CN202310090856.1A CN202310090856A CN116105381A CN 116105381 A CN116105381 A CN 116105381A CN 202310090856 A CN202310090856 A CN 202310090856A CN 116105381 A CN116105381 A CN 116105381A
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thermal power
power station
heat
heat storage
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王湘艳
彭佩佩
陈宁
周强
王维洲
高鹏飞
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STATE GRID GASU ELECTRIC POWER RESEARCH INSTITUTE
China Electric Power Research Institute Co Ltd CEPRI
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China Electric Power Research Institute Co Ltd CEPRI
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S20/00—Solar heat collectors specially adapted for particular uses or environments
    • F24S20/20—Solar heat collectors for receiving concentrated solar energy, e.g. receivers for solar power plants
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S50/00—Arrangements for controlling solar heat collectors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S60/00—Arrangements for storing heat collected by solar heat collectors
    • F24S60/20—Arrangements for storing heat collected by solar heat collectors using chemical reactions, e.g. thermochemical reactions or isomerisation reactions
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H02J3/381—Dispersed generators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
    • H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
    • H02J2300/22—The renewable source being solar energy
    • H02J2300/24—The renewable source being solar energy of photovoltaic origin
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
    • Y02E10/46—Conversion of thermal power into mechanical power, e.g. Rankine, Stirling or solar thermal engines

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Abstract

The invention discloses a photo-thermal power station control strategy suitable for a multi-scene operation mode, which comprises the steps of firstly, considering weather factors to realize system energy optimization, judging whether a photo-thermal power station absorber absorbs enough heat to heat molten salt to enter a thermal tank, and storing heat and generating electricity of the photo-thermal power station; analyzing the heat storage capacity and the operation limit of the photo-thermal power station, wherein the heat storage capacity and the operation limit comprise the energy constraint of a heat storage system, the heat loss and the heat storage power in the heat storage and release process of the heat storage system and the operation constraint of the photo-thermal power station when the photo-thermal power station generates electricity through a steam turbine generator unit; thirdly, determining the operation mode of the photo-thermal power station, and dividing the operation of the system into different modes according to the direct energy source of the superheated steam entering the steam turbine; fourth, a photo-thermal power station control strategy is determined. The invention can adapt to different operation modes of the photo-thermal power station, realizes safe and friendly grid connection for the large-scale photo-thermal power station, reduces the electricity discarding rate of renewable energy sources, and plays a key role in promoting safe and economic operation and digestion of various renewable energy sources for power generation.

Description

Photo-thermal power station control strategy adapting to multi-scene operation mode
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of new energy power generation, in particular to a photo-thermal power station control strategy adapting to a multi-scene operation mode.
Background
The photo-thermal power generation is a new energy power generation mode with energy storage naturally, and can restrain the influence of solar random fluctuation on power generation. Meanwhile, the photo-thermal power generation is connected through the steam turbine generator unit, has some response regulation characteristics of the conventional unit grid connection, and is a new energy power generation mode which can be scheduled and controlled. With the first batch of solar thermal power generation demonstration projects in China being built and put into operation, a plurality of tower type and groove type photo-thermal power stations with the size of 50MW or more are already or are about to be connected in grid to generate power, and the photo-thermal power generation is imperative to participate in power grid dispatching control. The main flow forms of large-scale solar thermal power generation mainly comprise tower type, groove type and Fresnel type photo-thermal power generation, and simultaneously, mirror fields and heat storage systems with different scales can be configured. The regulating characteristics and actual response process of the requirements of the photo-thermal power stations with various types and different configurations for supporting the power grid, and the capability of the photo-thermal power stations for replacing conventional units in the aspects of electric power and electric quantity balance and stable support are the key points of important attention for the photo-thermal power generation to participate in power grid dispatching control and whether the large-scale photo-thermal power stations can realize safe and friendly grid connection. In addition, in the high-proportion new energy power supply system, the photo-thermal power generation is coordinated with the mature new energy power generation modes such as wind power generation, photovoltaic power generation and the like to optimize the scheduling operation, so that the new energy power rejection rate is reduced, the safe and economic operation and the digestion of various new energy power generation are promoted, and the photo-thermal power generation system has important significance in constructing a power supply comprehensive energy power system mainly comprising renewable energy sources.
In recent years, a plurality of photo-thermal demonstration power stations are built and operated at home and abroad, the scale of the power station is basically tens megawatts to tens megawatts, and researchers are also conducting a great deal of research on the key equipment mechanism of photo-thermal power generation, the operation characteristics of the photo-thermal power station and the like. There are also few researches on the regulation characteristics and control technology of the photo-thermal power generation in response to the power grid demand, the difference of the photo-thermal power generation and the conventional thermal power generation unit in the aspect of dispatching operation and the capability of the photo-thermal power generation to replace the conventional thermal power generation are lack of theoretical support and practical basis. At present, the photo-thermal power generation has a smaller scale, and the photo-thermal power generation participates in power grid dispatching and the photo-thermal power generation promotes the combined power generation coordination control of wind power and photovoltaic power generation absorption, so that no deep research is yet available. Therefore, a photo-thermal power station control strategy adapting to the multi-scene operation mode is designed to fill the technical blank.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a photo-thermal power station control strategy adapting to a multi-scene operation mode, and aims to solve the problem of safety and stability of a large-scale photovoltaic access power grid in different operation modes, consider the multi-scene operation mode of a photo-thermal power station meeting the requirement of external power supply and electric quantity balance, and provide the photo-thermal power station operation mode and the control strategy comprehensively meeting the requirement of electric quantity balance and stable support. The method has the key effects of realizing safe and friendly grid connection for large-scale photo-thermal power stations, reducing the electricity discarding rate of renewable energy sources, and promoting safe and economic operation and digestion of various renewable energy sources for power generation.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a photo-thermal power plant control strategy adapted to a multi-scenario mode of operation, comprising the steps of:
firstly, realizing system energy optimization by considering weather factors, and judging whether a heat absorber of a photo-thermal power station absorbs enough heat to heat molten salt to enter a heat tank or not according to the DNI value, and the heat storage and power generation conditions of the photo-thermal power station;
analyzing the heat storage capacity and the operation limit of the photo-thermal power station, wherein the heat storage capacity and the operation limit comprise the energy constraint of a heat storage system, the heat loss and the heat storage and release power in the heat storage and release process of the heat storage system and the operation constraint of the photo-thermal power station when the photo-thermal power station generates electricity through a steam turbine generator unit;
determining a photo-thermal power station operation mode, and dividing the system operation into different modes according to the direct energy source of the superheated steam entering the steam turbine;
and step four, dividing different modes according to the system operation, and determining a photo-thermal power station control strategy.
Further preferably, in the first step, according to the DNI value, it is determined whether the absorber of the photo-thermal power station absorbs enough heat to heat the molten salt into the heat tank, and the flow of the thermal storage and power generation conditions of the photo-thermal power station is as follows:
(1) When DNI is carried out<At 650W/square meter, the absorber of the photo-thermal power station is not enough to absorb enough heat to heat the molten salt into the hot tank, and if the heat storage system does not store heat, P is CSP =0, i.e. photo-thermal power plant is not grid-connected for power generation; if the heat storage system stores heat, P CSP ∈[0，σ 1 P CSP_r ]The photo-thermal power station is not connected with the power generation network, and generates power by means of a heat storage system; wherein P is CSP Representing the reliable output of the photo-thermal power station, P CSP_r Representing rated power sigma of photo-thermal power station 1 Representing the output correction coefficient of the photo-thermal power station under low irradiance;
(2) DNI is not more than 650W/square meter<When 800W/square meter is adopted, the heat absorber of the photo-thermal power station absorbs heat to heat the molten salt to a set temperature and then enters the thermal tank, the molten salt entering the thermal tank can directly generate electricity or store the molten salt, and if the heat storage system does not store heat, P is the formula CSP ∈[0，σ 2 P CSP_r ]That is, the photo-thermal power station can store heat only or generate electricity by means of newly heated molten salt; if the heat storage system stores heat, P CSP ∈[P CSPmin ，P CSP_r ]That is, the photo-thermal power station relies on the heat storage system to ensure operation at rated power, where P CSPmin For minimum technical output, sigma, of a photo-thermal power station 2 Representing the output correction coefficient of the photo-thermal power station under the medium irradiance;
(3) When DNI is not less than 800W/square meter, irradiance can ensure that the photo-thermal power station generates electricity while storing heat, so that the reliable output of the photo-thermal power station is fullFoot P CSP ∈[P CSPmin ，P CSP_r ]
Further preferably, in the second step, a time t is set, and the total energy stored in the heat storage system is W t TS The energy constraint of the heat storage system is as follows:
Figure BDA0004070308350000041
in the method, in the process of the invention,
Figure BDA0004070308350000042
represents the minimum heat storage capacity of the heat storage system, h FLH Representing the maximum capacity of the heat storage system described in FLH units,/->
Figure BDA0004070308350000043
And the maximum power of the steam turbine generator unit is indicated.
Further preferably, in the second step, heat loss during heat storage of the heat storage system is expressed by heat storage efficiency:
P t TS-c ＝η c P t HTF-TS (2)
P t TS-d ＝P t TS-HTF /η d (3)
wherein P is t TS-c Representing the heat storage power at the moment t of the heat storage system, P t TS-d Represents the heat release power at the moment t of the heat storage system, P t HTF-TS Representing the thermal power transferred by the heat conducting medium to the heat storage system at the time t, P t TS-HTF Representing the thermal power, eta, transferred by the heat storage system to the heat transfer medium at time t c Representing heat storage efficiency, eta d Indicating the heat release efficiency;
in the heat storage and release process, the heat storage and release power is continuously adjustable within a limit range, namely:
Figure BDA0004070308350000044
Figure BDA0004070308350000045
in the method, in the process of the invention,
Figure BDA0004070308350000046
representing the maximum heat storage power of the heat storage system, +.>
Figure BDA0004070308350000047
Representing the maximum exothermic power of the heat storage system;
meanwhile, the operation constraint of the photo-thermal power station when generating electricity through the steam turbine generator unit is as follows:
Figure BDA0004070308350000048
Figure BDA0004070308350000049
Figure BDA0004070308350000051
in the above, P t e And
Figure BDA0004070308350000052
active force, P, of the photo-thermal power station at time t and at time t-1 are respectively shown t RsvUp ，P t RsvDown Respectively representing the upper and lower standby of the photo-thermal power station, < ->
Figure BDA0004070308350000053
And->
Figure BDA0004070308350000054
Respectively representing maximum and minimum output of a steam turbine generator unit of the photo-thermal power station, R U And R is U Respectively representing the maximum climbing capacity and the maximum climbing capacity of the unit.
Further preferably, in the third step, the system is operated in different modes according to a direct energy source for generating superheated steam entering the turbine, including the following six modes:
m1 mode, direct power generation; m2 mode, heat storage process; m3 mode, heat storage system power generation; m4 mode, generating electricity while storing heat; m5 mode, auxiliary power generation by the heat storage system; m6 mode, complementary dye to generate electricity;
determining a photo-thermal power station operation mode, firstly judging a starting condition according to irradiance, and if the starting condition meets the M2 mode; judging whether the heat storage system is preheated or fully stored, if the heat storage system is fully stored, entering an M1 mode, otherwise, keeping an M2 mode; judging whether the power of the heat collection system is larger than the load, if so, entering an M4 mode, otherwise, judging whether the power of the heat collection system is smaller than the load, if so, entering an M5 mode, otherwise, judging whether the heat storage system fails, if so, entering an M6 mode, otherwise, entering an M3 mode.
Further preferably, in the fourth step, determining the photo-thermal power station control strategy according to different modes includes:
if the mode is M1, the condensing heat collection system of the photo-thermal power station heats the heat transfer medium to the working temperature, then the heat transfer medium enters the steam generation system to heat the water supply, the generated superheated steam is conveyed to the steam turbine generator set to generate power, and the active power of the current photo-thermal power station is P 1 e The heat storage system has not stored heat yet;
when the active power of the photo-thermal power station adopts the maximum power tracking control, the photo-thermal power station does not have the power up-regulating capability, and the down-regulating capacity P of the photo-thermal power station 1 Down The method comprises the following steps:
Figure BDA0004070308350000061
wherein P is 1 Down The capacity of the active power of the photo-thermal power station is adjusted downwards under the working condition of M1 mode,
Figure BDA0004070308350000062
maximum power of turbo generator set；
When the active power of the photo-thermal power station is not controlled by maximum power tracking and is in a reduced output running state, the active power of the photo-thermal power station has the up-and-down regulation capability, and the active power of the photo-thermal power station is up-regulated by the capacity P 1 Up The method comprises the following steps:
Figure BDA0004070308350000063
wherein P is 1 Up The active power up-regulating capacity of the photo-thermal power station under the working condition of M1 mode is represented,
Figure BDA0004070308350000064
representing the maximum power tracking active power of the photo-thermal power station under the current irradiance condition;
if the energy storage system is in the M2 mode, after a heat transfer medium is heated to the working temperature by a condensation heat collection system of the photo-thermal power station, the heat transfer medium enters a heat storage system and is completely used for heat storage of the energy storage system, in the M2 mode, the output of the photo-thermal power station is 0, grid-connected power generation is not performed yet, the capability of downwards adjusting active power is not provided, the active power is increased, then the heat energy needs to be released by the heat storage system for power generation, and the power up-regulating capacity of the photo-thermal power station is as follows:
Figure BDA0004070308350000065
wherein P is 2 Up Representing the active power up-regulating capacity of the photo-thermal power station in the M2 mode;
if the mode is M3, the high-temperature heat storage medium released by the heat storage system enters the steam generation system to heat water supply, the generated superheated steam is conveyed to the steam turbine generator unit to generate power, the photo-thermal power station is in a grid-connected power generation state at the moment, and the output of the photo-thermal power station is P 3 e Has generated electricity t 3 The heat accumulation amount of the heat accumulation system is as follows
Figure BDA0004070308350000066
The active power up-peak capacity of the photo-thermal power station is as follows:
Figure BDA0004070308350000067
the peak regulating capacity of the photo-thermal power station under the active power is as follows:
Figure BDA0004070308350000071
wherein P is 3 Up Representing the up-peak capacity of active power of a photo-thermal power station in M3 mode, P 3 Down The peak regulation capacity of the active power of the photo-thermal power station in the M3 mode is represented;
if the mode is M4 mode, the photo-thermal power station can generate electricity at full load in the mode, meanwhile, the heat accumulation capacity of the heat accumulation system reaches the maximum heat accumulation capacity, if the photo-thermal power station is used as a peak regulation power supply, the condenser of the mirror field part of the photo-thermal power station is in a defocusing state, and the absorption of solar energy is reduced, so that the photo-thermal power station is in a reduced output running state, and the output of the photo-thermal power station is P 4 e The photo-thermal power station at this time has the power up-down adjusting capability,
the active power up-peak capacity of the photo-thermal power station is as follows:
Figure BDA0004070308350000072
the peak regulating capacity of the photo-thermal power station under the active power is as follows:
Figure BDA0004070308350000073
in the above, P 4 Up Peak capacity, P, is adjusted upwards for active power of the photo-thermal power station when the photo-thermal power station does not adopt maximum power tracking control under M4 mode 4 Down The peak capacity is downwards regulated for the active power of the photo-thermal power station when the photo-thermal power station does not adopt maximum power tracking control under the M4 mode;
if the M5 mode is adopted, determining the current operation state of the photo-thermal power station, wherein the current output of the photo-thermal power station is P 5 e The heat storage system is in the heat release process, and the heat release power is P 5 TS-d Has been given heat release t 5 The active power up-peak capacity of the photo-thermal power station was calculated as follows:
Figure BDA0004070308350000074
the peak shaving capacity under the active power of the photo-thermal power station is calculated as follows:
Figure BDA0004070308350000075
in the above, P 5 Up Representing the up-peak capacity of active power of a photo-thermal power station in M5 mode, P 5 Down And the peak regulating capacity of the photo-thermal power station under the M5 mode is represented.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention provides the operation mode and the control strategy of the photo-thermal power station, which comprehensively meet the requirements of electric power and electricity balance and stable support, can adapt to different operation modes of the photo-thermal power station, realize safe and friendly grid connection for a large-scale photo-thermal power station, reduce the electricity discarding rate of renewable energy sources, and promote the safe and economic operation and the digestion of various renewable energy sources to play a key role.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the operation mode judgment and switching logic in the present embodiment;
FIG. 2 is a control flow chart of a photo-thermal power station in M1 mode in an embodiment;
FIG. 3 is a control flow chart of a photo-thermal power station in M2 mode in an embodiment;
FIG. 4 is a control flow chart of a photo-thermal power station in M3 mode in an embodiment;
FIG. 5 is a control flow diagram of a photo-thermal power station in M4 mode in an embodiment;
fig. 6 is a flowchart of the control of the photo-thermal power station in M5 mode in the embodiment.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments.
Examples:
the photo-thermal power station control strategy adapting to the multi-scene operation mode provided by the embodiment can be summarized as the following flow: 1) The weather factors are considered to realize the energy optimization of the system; 2) Analyzing the heat storage capacity and the operation limit of the photo-thermal power station; 3) Determining an operation mode of the photo-thermal power station; 4) And determining a photo-thermal power station control strategy.
The specific control strategy comprises the following steps:
step one, system energy optimization is realized by considering weather factors, DNI refers to direct radiant energy received in unit time and unit area on a plane perpendicular to solar rays in a normal direction of direct irradiance (Direct Normal Irradiance) according to the DNI value, the unit is watt per square meter, whether a photo-thermal power station absorber absorbs enough heat to heat molten salt to enter a thermal tank or not is judged, and the specific flow is as follows:
(1) When DNI < 650W/square meter, the photo-thermal power plant absorber is not yet sufficient to absorb enough heat to heat the molten salt into the hot tank, at which point,
1) If the heat storage system does not store heat, P CSP =0, i.e. photo-thermal power plant is not grid-connected for power generation;
2) If the heat storage system stores heat, P CSP ∈[0，σ 1 P CSP_r ]That is, the photo-thermal power station may not generate power in a grid-connected manner, and may also generate power by means of a heat storage system, but in order to ensure continuous operation under low irradiance, the photo-thermal power station generally does not output according to full power.
Wherein P is CSP Representing the reliable output of the photo-thermal power station; p (P) CSP_r Representing the rated power of the photo-thermal power station; sigma (sigma) 1 And the output correction coefficient of the photo-thermal power station under low irradiance is shown.
(2) When DNI is less than or equal to 650W/square meter and less than 800W/square meter, the heat absorber of the photo-thermal power station absorbs heat to heat the molten salt to a set temperature and enters the hot tank, and at the moment, the molten salt entering the hot tank can directly generate electricity or can be stored.
1) If the heat storage system does not store heat, P CSP ∈[0，σ 2 P CSP_r ]That is, the photo-thermal power station can store heat only, and can also rely on newly heated molten salt to generate electricity.
2) If the heat storage system stores heat, P CSP ∈[P CSPmin ，P CSP_r ]That is, the photo-thermal power station relies on the heat storage system, and can operate at rated power at maximum, wherein P CSPmin For minimum technical output, sigma, of a photo-thermal power station 2 Represents the irradiance (650W/square meter is less than or equal to DNI)<800W/square meter) of the photo-thermal power plant output correction coefficient.
(3) When DNI is not less than 800W/square meter, the solar irradiance value can ensure that the photo-thermal power station generates electricity while storing heat, so that the reliable output of the photo-thermal power station meets P CSP ∈[P CSPmin ，P CSP_r ]。
Step two, analyzing the heat storage capacity and the operation limit of the photo-thermal power station, wherein the specific flow is as follows:
let t be the total energy stored in the heat storage system W t TS The energy constraint of the heat storage system is:
Figure BDA0004070308350000101
in the method, in the process of the invention,
Figure BDA0004070308350000102
representing a minimum heat storage capacity of the heat storage system; h is a FLH Representing the maximum capacity of the heat storage system described in FLH; />
Figure BDA0004070308350000103
And the maximum power of the steam turbine generator unit is indicated. />
During the heat storage process of the heat storage system, a part of heat loss is also generated, and the heat storage efficiency is expressed as follows:
P t TS-c ＝η c P t HTF-TS (2)
P t TS-d ＝P t TS-HTF /η d (3)
wherein P is t TS-c The heat storage power of the heat storage system at the moment t is represented; p (P) t TS-d The heat release power of the heat storage system at the moment t is shown; p (P) t HTF-TS The thermal power transferred by the heat conducting medium to the heat storage system at the moment t is represented; p (P) t TS-HTF The thermal power transferred to the heat transfer medium by the heat storage system at the time t is shown; η (eta) c Representing heat storage efficiency; η (eta) d Indicating the heat release efficiency.
In the heat storage and release process, the heat storage and release power is also continuously adjustable within a limited range, namely:
Figure BDA0004070308350000104
Figure BDA0004070308350000105
in the method, in the process of the invention,
Figure BDA0004070308350000106
representing the maximum heat storage power of the heat storage system, +.>
Figure BDA0004070308350000107
Indicating the maximum heat release power of the heat storage system.
Meanwhile, the photo-thermal power station generates power through the steam turbine generator unit, and has similar operation constraint as the conventional steam turbine generator unit:
Figure BDA0004070308350000111
Figure BDA0004070308350000112
Figure BDA0004070308350000113
wherein P is t e And
Figure BDA0004070308350000114
active output at the time t and the time t-1 of the photo-thermal power station are respectively shown; p (P) t RsvUp And P t RsvDown Respectively standing by up and down of the photo-thermal power station; />
Figure BDA0004070308350000115
And->
Figure BDA0004070308350000116
The maximum and minimum output of the steam turbine generator unit of the photo-thermal power station are respectively; r is R U And R is D The maximum climbing capacity and the maximum climbing capacity of the unit are respectively.
Step three, determining a photo-thermal power station operation mode, wherein the specific flow is as follows:
depending on the direct energy source that generates the superheated steam that enters the turbine, the system operating modes can be divided into the following six modes: (1) M1 mode, representing direct power generation; (2) M2 mode, representing a heat storage process; (3) M3 mode, representing the heat storage system generating electricity; (4) M4 mode, representing heat storage while generating electricity; (5) M5 mode, representing auxiliary power generation of the heat storage system; (6) M6 mode, which represents power generation supplemented by a complementary fuel.
As shown in fig. 1, firstly, judging a starting condition according to irradiance, calculating available light power according to irradiance, judging whether the equipment state meets the starting condition, and if the irradiance meets the starting condition, entering an M2 mode;
then judging that the heat storage system is preheated or fully stored, if the heat storage system is fully stored, entering an M1 mode, otherwise, keeping an M2 mode;
and then judging whether the power of a heat collection system of the photo-thermal power station is larger than a load, if the power of the heat collection system is larger than the load, entering an M4 mode, otherwise judging whether the power of the heat collection system is smaller than the load, if the power of the heat collection system is smaller than the load, entering an M5 mode, otherwise judging whether a heat storage system fails, if the heat storage system fails, entering an M6 mode, if the heat storage system does not fail, judging that the heat storage system is in a cloud shielding state, a heat collector failure state, a sliding pressure shutdown state and a night operation state, and entering an M3 mode.
Determining a photo-thermal power station control strategy according to different modes, wherein the specific flow is as follows:
as shown in fig. 2, in the case of M1 mode, the condensing and heat collecting system of the photo-thermal power plant heats the heat transfer medium to the operating temperature, then enters the steam generating system to heat the feed water, and transfers the generated superheated steam to the turbine generator set to generate electricity. The active power of the current photo-thermal power station is P 1 e The heat storage system has not stored heat.
When the active power of the photo-thermal power station adopts maximum power tracking control, the photo-thermal power station does not have power up-regulation capability, and the peak reduction capacity P of the photo-thermal power station is reduced 1 Down The method comprises the following steps:
Figure BDA0004070308350000121
wherein P is 1 Down The capacity is adjusted downwards for the active power of the photo-thermal power station under the working condition of M1 mode;
Figure BDA0004070308350000122
the maximum power of the turbo generator set;
when the active power of the photo-thermal power station is not controlled by maximum power tracking and is in a descending output running state, the active power of the power station has the capability of up-down regulation, the (9) is adopted to calculate the descending peak capacity of the photo-thermal power station, and the ascending peak capacity P of the active power of the photo-thermal power station 1 Up The method comprises the following steps:
Figure BDA0004070308350000123
wherein P is 1 Up The capacity is adjusted upwards for the active power of the photo-thermal power station under the working condition of M1 mode;
Figure BDA0004070308350000124
and (3) tracking the maximum power of the photo-thermal power station as the active power under the current irradiance condition.
And P is as described above 1 Up And
Figure BDA0004070308350000125
reporting the dispatching mechanism, the dispatching mechanism issues a peak regulation operation curve, the active power of the photo-thermal power station tracks the peak regulation operation curve to increase the flow of the heat transfer medium, the power output is up-regulated, and the power up-regulation variation amount epsilon [0, P 1 Up ]Reducing the flow of heat transfer medium, reducing power output, and reducing power change amount E [0, P 1 Down ]And tracking and completing the scheduling peak shaving operation instruction.
As shown in fig. 3, in the case of M2 mode, the condensing and heat collecting system of the photo-thermal power station heats the heat transfer medium to the working temperature, and then enters the heat storage system to be completely used for heat storage of the energy storage system. In the mode, the output of the photo-thermal power station is 0, namely the active power of the current photo-thermal power station is 0, and the power generation is not performed in a grid-connected mode, and the capability of downwards adjusting the active power is not provided. And increasing active power, the heat energy is released by the heat storage system to generate electricity, and the power of the photo-thermal power station is up-regulated to have the capacity:
Figure BDA0004070308350000131
Figure BDA0004070308350000132
wherein P is 2 Up The capacity is adjusted upwards for the active power of the photo-thermal power station in the M2 mode;
judging that the peak regulation demand is received, if the peak regulation demand is not required, continuing the heat storage process until the process is finished. If the peak regulation requirement exists, stopping the heat storage process, and storing heat t 2 The heat storage power is P 2 TS-c ，
At the moment, the heat storage system generates power, and the real-time heat storage capacity of the heat storage system is W 2 TS ＝P 2 TS-c ·t 2 Calculating the duration of power generation of the heat storage system for maintaining rated power operation of the photo-thermal power station as
Figure BDA0004070308350000133
Will H 2 Reporting a dispatching mechanism, wherein the dispatching mechanism issues a peak regulation operation curve, the active power of the photo-thermal power station tracks the peak regulation operation curve to increase the flow of a heat transfer medium, the power output is up-regulated, and the power up-regulation variation is->
Figure BDA0004070308350000134
And tracking and completing the scheduling peak shaving operation instruction.
As shown in fig. 4, if the mode is M3, the high-temperature heat storage medium released by the heat storage system enters the steam generation system to heat the water supply, and the generated superheated steam is delivered to the steam turbine generator unit to generate power, and the photo-thermal power station is already in a grid-connected power generation state at this time, and the output of the photo-thermal power station is P 3 e I.e. the active power of the current photo-thermal power station is P 3 e Has generated electricity t 3 The heat accumulation amount of the current heat accumulation system is calculated as
Figure BDA0004070308350000135
Calculating sustainable power generation time of the photo-thermal power station according to rated power as
Figure BDA0004070308350000141
The active power up-peak capacity of the photo-thermal power station is calculated as follows:
Figure BDA0004070308350000142
the peak regulating capacity of the photo-thermal power station under the active power is as follows:
Figure BDA0004070308350000143
/>
wherein P is 3 Up The active power up-peak capacity of the photo-thermal power station in the M3 mode is used for running; p (P) 3 Down The peak regulating capacity is used for operating the active power of the photo-thermal power station in the M3 mode.
Will H 3 、P 3 Up And P 3 Down Reporting the dispatching mechanism, the dispatching mechanism issues a peak regulation operation curve, the active power of the photo-thermal power station tracks the peak regulation operation curve to increase the flow of the heat transfer medium, the power output is up-regulated, and the power up-regulation variation amount epsilon [0, P 3 Up ]Reducing the flow of heat transfer medium, reducing power output, and reducing power change amount E [0, P 3 Down ]And tracking and completing the scheduling peak shaving operation instruction.
As shown in fig. 5, if the mode is M4, when the actual direct solar irradiance is greater than or equal to the preset value irradiance of the photo-thermal power station, the condensation heat collection system of the photo-thermal power station heats the heat transfer medium to the working temperature, then the heat transfer medium enters the steam generation system to heat the water supply, the generated superheated steam is delivered to the turbo generator unit, and the other part of the heat transfer medium enters the heat storage system to store heat. The photo-thermal power station can generate power at full load in the mode, and meanwhile, the heat storage capacity of the heat storage system reaches the maximum heat storage capacity. If the photo-thermal power station is used as a peak regulation power supply, the condenser of the lens field part of the photo-thermal power station is in a defocusing state, and the absorption of solar energy is reduced, so that the photo-thermal power station is in a reduced-output running state, and the output of the photo-thermal power station is P 4 e I.e. active power P 4 e Judging whether the power is maximally tracked, if not, the photo-thermal power station has power up-down regulation capability, and the active power up-peak capacity of the photo-thermal power station is as follows:
Figure BDA0004070308350000144
the peak regulating capacity of the photo-thermal power station under the active power is as follows:
Figure BDA0004070308350000151
if yes, calculating the down-peak regulating capacity according to the formula (15);
wherein P is 4 Up The peak capacity is adjusted upwards for the active power of the photo-thermal power station when the photo-thermal power station does not adopt maximum power tracking control in the M4 mode; p (P) 4 Down The peak capacity is downwards regulated for the active power of the photo-thermal power station when the photo-thermal power station does not adopt maximum power tracking control in the M4 mode; and P is taken up 4 Up And P 4 Down Reporting the dispatching mechanism, the dispatching mechanism issues a peak regulation operation curve, the active power tracking peak regulation operation curve defocusing condenser of the photo-thermal power station refocuses, power output is adjusted upwards, and the power up-regulation variation quantity epsilon [0, P 4 Up ]Operating the condenser to defoam again, down-regulating the power output, and down-regulating the power variation E [0, P 4 Down ]And tracking and completing the scheduling peak shaving operation instruction.
As shown in fig. 6, if the mode is M5, the light collecting system of the photo-thermal power station is in a state of focusing and absorbing solar radiation, and the up-peak regulation is realized by increasing heat exchange of the heat storage system to increase the active output of the power station. During the evening, the heat storage system is used for maintaining the grid-connected power generation of the power station, but the heat storage capacity W of the heat storage system at the moment 5 TS The night peak shaver capability duration may be short, which is relatively small.
Determining the current running state of the photo-thermal power station, wherein the output of the photo-thermal power station is P 5 e I.e. the active power of the current photo-thermal power station is P 5 e The heat storage system is in the heat release process, and the heat release power is P 5 TS-d Has been given heat release t 5 The active power up-peak capacity of the photo-thermal power station was calculated as follows:
Figure BDA0004070308350000152
the peak shaving capacity under the active power of the photo-thermal power station is calculated as follows:
Figure BDA0004070308350000153
wherein P is 5 Up The active power up-peak capacity of the photo-thermal power station in the M5 mode is used for running; p (P) 5 Down The peak regulating capacity is used for operating the active power of the photo-thermal power station in the M5 mode.
The sustainable power generation time of the photo-thermal power station according to rated power is as follows:
Figure BDA0004070308350000161
will H 5 、P 5 Up And P 5 Down Reporting the dispatching mechanism, the dispatching mechanism issues a peak regulation operation curve, the active power of the photo-thermal power station tracks the peak regulation operation curve to increase the flow of the heat transfer medium, the power output is up-regulated, and the power up-regulation variation amount epsilon [0, P 5 Up ]Reducing the flow of heat transfer medium, reducing power output, and reducing power change amount E [0, P 5 Down ]And tracking and completing the scheduling peak shaving operation instruction.
According to the photo-thermal power station control strategy adapting to the multi-scene operation mode, the photo-thermal power station multi-scene operation mode meeting the external power supply and electric quantity balance requirement is considered, and the photo-thermal power station operation mode and the control strategy comprehensively meeting the electric power and electric quantity balance and stable support requirement are provided aiming at the safety and stability problems of different degrees of a large-scale photovoltaic access power grid under different operation modes. The method has the key effects of realizing safe and friendly grid connection for large-scale photo-thermal power stations, reducing the electricity discarding rate of renewable energy sources, and promoting safe and economic operation and digestion of various renewable energy sources for power generation.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art, who is within the scope of the present invention, should make equivalent substitutions or modifications according to the technical scheme of the present invention and the inventive concept thereof, and should be covered by the scope of the present invention.

Claims (6)

1. A photo-thermal power plant control strategy adapted to a multi-scenario mode of operation, comprising the steps of:
firstly, realizing system energy optimization by considering weather factors, and judging whether a heat absorber of a photo-thermal power station absorbs enough heat to heat molten salt to enter a heat tank or not according to the DNI value, and the heat storage and power generation conditions of the photo-thermal power station;
analyzing the heat storage capacity and the operation limit of the photo-thermal power station, wherein the heat storage capacity and the operation limit comprise the energy constraint of a heat storage system, the heat loss and the heat storage and release power in the heat storage and release process of the heat storage system and the operation constraint of the photo-thermal power station when the photo-thermal power station generates electricity through a steam turbine generator unit;
determining a photo-thermal power station operation mode, and dividing the system operation into different modes according to the direct energy source of the superheated steam entering the steam turbine;
and step four, dividing different modes according to the system operation, and determining a photo-thermal power station control strategy.
2. The control strategy of a photo-thermal power plant adapted to a multi-scenario operation mode according to claim 1, wherein in the first step, it is determined whether the absorber of the photo-thermal power plant absorbs enough heat to heat the molten salt into the thermal tank according to the DNI value, and the thermal storage and power generation condition flow of the photo-thermal power plant is as follows:
(1) When DNI is carried out<At 650W/square meter, the absorber of the photo-thermal power station is not enough to absorb enough heat to heat the molten salt into the hot tank, and if the heat storage system does not store heat, P is CSP =0, i.e. photo-thermal power plant is not grid-connected for power generation; if the heat storage system stores heat, P CSP ∈[0，σ 1 P CSP_r ]The photo-thermal power station is not connected with the power generation network, and generates power by means of a heat storage system; wherein P is CSP Representing the reliable output of the photo-thermal power station, P CSP_r Representing rated power sigma of photo-thermal power station 1 Representing the output correction coefficient of the photo-thermal power station under low irradiance;
(2) DNI is not more than 650W/square meter<When 800W/square meter is adopted, the heat absorber of the photo-thermal power station absorbs heat to heat the molten salt to a set temperature and then enters the thermal tank, the molten salt entering the thermal tank can directly generate electricity or store the molten salt, and if the heat storage system does not store heat, P is the formula CSP ∈[0，σ 2 P CSP_r ]That is, the photo-thermal power station can store heat only or generate electricity by means of newly heated molten salt; if the heat storage system stores heat, P CSP ∈[P CSPmin ，P CSP_r ]That is, the photo-thermal power station relies on the heat storage system to ensure the pressingRated power operation, where P CSPmin For minimum technical output, sigma, of a photo-thermal power station 2 Representing the output correction coefficient of the photo-thermal power station under the medium irradiance;
(3) When DNI is not less than 800W/square meter, irradiance can ensure that the photo-thermal power station generates electricity while storing heat, so that the reliable output of the photo-thermal power station meets P CSP ∈[P CSPmin ，P CSP_r ]。
3. The control strategy for a photo-thermal power plant adapted to a multi-scenario operation mode according to claim 1, wherein in the second step, a time t is set, and the total energy stored in the heat storage system is W t TS The energy constraint of the heat storage system is as follows:
Figure FDA0004070308340000021
in the method, in the process of the invention,
Figure FDA0004070308340000022
represents the minimum heat storage capacity of the heat storage system, h FLH Representing the maximum capacity of the heat storage system described in FLH units,/->
Figure FDA0004070308340000023
And the maximum power of the steam turbine generator unit is indicated.
4. A photo-thermal power plant control strategy adapted to a multi-scenario operation mode according to claim 1, wherein in the second step, heat loss during heat storage of the heat storage system is represented by heat storage efficiency:
P t TS-c ＝η c P t HTF-TS (2)
P t TS-d ＝P t TS-HTF /η d (3)
wherein P is t TS-c Representing the heat storage power at the moment t of the heat storage system, P t TS-d Represents the heat release power at the moment t of the heat storage system, P t HTF-TS Representing the thermal power transferred by the heat conducting medium to the heat storage system at the time t, P t TS-HTF Representing the thermal power, eta, transferred by the heat storage system to the heat transfer medium at time t c Representing heat storage efficiency, eta d Indicating the heat release efficiency;
in the heat storage and release process, the heat storage and release power is continuously adjustable within a limit range, namely:
Figure FDA0004070308340000031
/>
Figure FDA0004070308340000032
in the method, in the process of the invention,
Figure FDA0004070308340000033
representing the maximum heat storage power of the heat storage system, +.>
Figure FDA0004070308340000034
Representing the maximum exothermic power of the heat storage system;
meanwhile, the operation constraint of the photo-thermal power station when generating electricity through the steam turbine generator unit is as follows:
Figure FDA0004070308340000035
Figure FDA0004070308340000036
Figure FDA0004070308340000037
in the above, P t e And
Figure FDA0004070308340000038
active force, P, of the photo-thermal power station at time t and at time t-1 are respectively shown t RsvUp ，P t RsvDown Respectively representing the upper and lower standby of the photo-thermal power station, < ->
Figure FDA0004070308340000039
And->
Figure FDA00040703083400000310
Respectively representing maximum and minimum output of a steam turbine generator unit of the photo-thermal power station, R U And R is D Respectively representing the maximum climbing capacity and the maximum climbing capacity of the unit.
5. A control strategy for a photo-thermal power plant adapted to multiple scenario modes of operation according to claim 1, wherein in step three, the system operation is divided into different modes according to the direct energy source for generating superheated steam into the turbine, comprising the following six modes:
m1 mode, direct power generation; m2 mode, heat storage process; m3 mode, heat storage system power generation; m4 mode, generating electricity while storing heat; m5 mode, auxiliary power generation by the heat storage system; m6 mode, complementary dye to generate electricity;
determining a photo-thermal power station operation mode, firstly judging a starting condition according to irradiance, and if the starting condition meets the M2 mode; judging whether the heat storage system is preheated or fully stored, if the heat storage system is fully stored, entering an M1 mode, otherwise, keeping an M2 mode; judging whether the power of the heat collection system is larger than the load, if so, entering an M4 mode, otherwise, judging whether the power of the heat collection system is smaller than the load, if so, entering an M5 mode, otherwise, judging whether the heat storage system fails, if so, entering an M6 mode, otherwise, entering an M3 mode.
6. A photo-thermal power plant control strategy adapted to multiple scenario operation modes according to claim 1, wherein in step four, determining the photo-thermal power plant control strategy according to different modes comprises:
if the mode is M1, the condensing heat collection system of the photo-thermal power station heats the heat transfer medium to the working temperature, then the heat transfer medium enters the steam generation system to heat the water supply, the generated superheated steam is conveyed to the steam turbine generator set to generate power, and the active power of the current photo-thermal power station is P 1 e The heat storage system has not stored heat yet;
when the active power of the photo-thermal power station adopts the maximum power tracking control, the photo-thermal power station does not have the power up-regulating capability, and the down-regulating capacity P of the photo-thermal power station 1 Down The method comprises the following steps:
Figure FDA0004070308340000041
wherein P is 1 Down The capacity of the active power of the photo-thermal power station is adjusted downwards under the working condition of M1 mode,
Figure FDA0004070308340000042
the maximum power of the turbo generator set;
when the active power of the photo-thermal power station is not controlled by maximum power tracking and is in a reduced output running state, the active power of the photo-thermal power station has the up-and-down regulation capability, and the active power of the photo-thermal power station is up-regulated by the capacity P 1 Up The method comprises the following steps:
Figure FDA0004070308340000043
wherein P is 1 Up The active power up-regulating capacity of the photo-thermal power station under the working condition of M1 mode is represented,
Figure FDA0004070308340000044
representing the maximum power tracking active power of the photo-thermal power station under the current irradiance condition; />
If the energy storage system is in the M2 mode, the condensing heat collection system of the photo-thermal power station heats the heat transfer medium to the working temperature, and then enters the heat storage system to be completely used for heat storage of the energy storage system, and in the M2 mode, the output of the photo-thermal power station is 0 and stillThe grid-connected power generation is not performed, the capacity of downward regulating active power is not achieved, and when the active power is increased, the heat energy is released through a heat storage system to generate power, and the power up regulating capacity of the photo-thermal power station is as follows:
Figure FDA0004070308340000051
wherein P is 2 Up Representing the active power up-regulating capacity of the photo-thermal power station in the M2 mode;
if the mode is M3, the high-temperature heat storage medium released by the heat storage system enters the steam generation system to heat water supply, the generated superheated steam is conveyed to the steam turbine generator unit to generate power, the photo-thermal power station is in a grid-connected power generation state at the moment, and the output of the photo-thermal power station is P 3 e Has generated electricity t 3 The heat accumulation amount of the heat accumulation system is as follows
Figure FDA0004070308340000052
The active power up-peak capacity of the photo-thermal power station is as follows:
Figure FDA0004070308340000053
the peak regulating capacity of the photo-thermal power station under the active power is as follows:
Figure FDA0004070308340000054
wherein P is 3 Up The up-peak capacity of the active power of the photo-thermal power station in the M3 mode is represented,
Figure FDA0004070308340000055
the peak regulation capacity of the active power of the photo-thermal power station in the M3 mode is represented;
if the mode is M4 mode, the photo-thermal power station can generate power at full load in the mode, meanwhile, the heat storage capacity of the heat storage system reaches the maximum heat storage capacity, and if the photo-thermal power station is used as a peak regulation power supply, the condenser of the lens field part of the photo-thermal power station is defocusedThe state reduces the absorption of solar energy, so that the photo-thermal power station is in a reduced-output running state, and the output of the photo-thermal power station is P 4 e The photo-thermal power station at this time has the power up-down adjusting capability,
the active power up-peak capacity of the photo-thermal power station is as follows:
Figure FDA0004070308340000056
the peak regulating capacity of the photo-thermal power station under the active power is as follows:
Figure FDA0004070308340000061
in the above, P 4 Up The peak capacity is adjusted upwards for the active power of the photo-thermal power station when the photo-thermal power station does not adopt the maximum power tracking control under the M4 mode,
Figure FDA0004070308340000062
the peak capacity is downwards regulated for the active power of the photo-thermal power station when the photo-thermal power station does not adopt maximum power tracking control under the M4 mode;
if the M5 mode is adopted, determining the current operation state of the photo-thermal power station, wherein the current output of the photo-thermal power station is
Figure FDA0004070308340000063
The heat storage system is in the heat release process, and the heat release power is +.>
Figure FDA0004070308340000064
Has been released t 5 The active power up-peak capacity of the photo-thermal power station was calculated as follows:
Figure FDA0004070308340000065
the peak shaving capacity under the active power of the photo-thermal power station is calculated as follows:
Figure FDA0004070308340000066
in the above-mentioned method, the step of,
Figure FDA0004070308340000067
representing the peak capacity of the active power up-peak of the photo-thermal power station in M5 mode,/for>
Figure FDA0004070308340000068
And the peak regulating capacity of the photo-thermal power station under the M5 mode is represented. />
CN202310090856.1A 2023-02-09 2023-02-09 Photo-thermal power station control strategy adapting to multi-scene operation mode Pending CN116105381A (en)

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