CN108321837B - Wind power-photo-thermal combined power generation system and operation method thereof - Google Patents

Wind power-photo-thermal combined power generation system and operation method thereof Download PDF

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CN108321837B
CN108321837B CN201711204721.4A CN201711204721A CN108321837B CN 108321837 B CN108321837 B CN 108321837B CN 201711204721 A CN201711204721 A CN 201711204721A CN 108321837 B CN108321837 B CN 108321837B
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CN108321837A (en
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郭苏
杨勇
许昌
李�荣
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Hohai University HHU
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    • H02J3/386
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00Circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
    • H02J3/28Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00Circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
    • H02J3/38Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H02J3/46Controlling of the sharing of output between the generators, converters, or transformers
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2203/00Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
    • H02J2203/20Simulating, e g planning, reliability check, modelling or computer assisted design [CAD]
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70Wind energy
    • Y02E10/76Power conversion electric or electronic aspects
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E70/00Other energy conversion or management systems reducing GHG emissions
    • Y02E70/30Systems combining energy storage with energy generation of non-fossil origin

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Abstract

The invention discloses a wind power-photo-thermal combined power generation system which is characterized by comprising a wind power subsystem, a photo-thermal subsystem, an electric heating subsystem and an optimized dispatching subsystem, wherein the wind power subsystem is connected with the photo-thermal subsystem through the electric heating subsystem, and the optimized dispatching subsystem is respectively connected with the wind power subsystem and the photo-thermal subsystem. The advantages are that: 1) the wind power and the CSP are integrally used as a node of a power grid, and wind power fluctuation is restrained before the wind power is on line, so that the combined system can be scheduled like a conventional power generation system, and the impact of the wind power on the power grid is reduced; 2) an electric heating device is added in the system, so that the utilization rate of wind resources is improved. 3) In the optimal scheduling subsystem, the aim of maximizing the operating benefits of the wind power-CSP combined power generation system is taken, the abandoned wind is effectively reduced, and the optimal scheduling subsystem has high schedulability, safety and economy.

Description

Wind power-photo-thermal combined power generation system and operation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to a wind power-photo-thermal combined power generation system and an operation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of power generation.
Background
With the continuous consumption of fossil fuels and the increasing deterioration of ecological environment, power generation by renewable energy sources is receiving more and more attention. Wind power is the most mature renewable energy power generation mode with the lowest cost in the prior art except hydropower. By 2030, wind power will provide 9% of global electrical energy; and this figure will reach 12% by year 2050. By the end of 2014, the installed capacity of grid-connected wind power in China reaches 9581 ten thousand kilowatts. However, due to randomness and intermittence of wind resources, wind power controllability and scheduling performance are poor, the direct grid connection of wind power with large proportion brings potential risks to safe and stable operation of a power grid, even grid paralysis can be caused seriously, and extremely serious economic loss is caused. When the specific gravity of the wind power directly connected to the power grid reaches more than 10%, the power grid system is reasonably and effectively adjusted so as to improve the power supply quality and reduce the operation cost.
In order to solve the above problems, it is not preferable to take measures to limit the proportion of wind power in the power grid or to increase the power regulation range of the wind turbine (such as wind abandoning). The best method has two: firstly, a matched adjusting power supply is built, and the wind power absorption capacity is improved by adopting a joint adjusting method; and secondly, wind power is indirectly input into a power grid or stored by using an energy storage system, and the power grid is stably supplied with power when needed. In practice, the two methods are often used in combination. At present, the wind power adjustable power supply can be only used as: conventional power plants, photovoltaic power plants or pumped storage power plants. However, the application of the conventional power plant is fossil energy, which is contrary to the original purpose of developing renewable energy sources and saving energy and reducing emission in China. The photovoltaic power station is used as an adjusting power supply, the peak value of the energy storage efficiency of a storage battery is only about 70%, the storage battery in a wind-solar (photovoltaic) storage (battery) system can be in a power shortage state for a long time due to the power generation characteristics of wind power and photovoltaic, the service life of the storage battery is short, and the cost is high. The adoption of pumped storage power stations as a regulated power supply is an ideal measure, but pumped storage power stations are severely limited by regions. In addition, if the compressed air is directly used for storing energy, the energy loss is as high as about 50%, and the energy storage efficiency is low. In conclusion, the existing adjusting measures are feasible but not perfect.
The photo-thermal power station is used as a regulating power supply of wind power, and is a new idea and a new direction for improving the wind power absorption capacity. The photo-thermal power station is a new energy power supply which can provide clean power and does not influence the reliability of a power system, and has the following four advantages as an adjusting power supply of wind power: firstly, solar energy is the most extensive renewable energy source, and the photo-thermal power generation is environment-friendly and free of carbon emission; secondly, the photo-thermal power generation adopts a mode that a condenser and a heat collector are utilized to collect solar radiation heat energy, and a working medium is heated to generate superheated steam to push a traditional synchronous generator set to generate power, and the essential difference of the photo-thermal power generation and the traditional synchronous generator set is only different from that of a thermal power plant in the used energy sources, so that the photo-thermal power generation has the same adjustment advantage as the thermal power plant; thirdly, the energy storage device of the photo-thermal power station usually stores energy by utilizing a molten salt heat storage mode, so that the large-scale production is easy, the heat storage efficiency can reach 95-97 percent, which is incomparable with other energy storage modes, and the energy storage device can adjust output within a certain range according to a power generation plan and can smoothly output so as to adapt to the requirements of a power grid; fourth, solar energy is generally abundant in daytime and summer, wind energy is generally abundant in evening and spring and autumn, the natural day and night complementarity and seasonal complementarity of solar energy and wind energy can be matched with an effective energy storage means to eliminate the defect of poor power generation stability of renewable energy sources, and the solar energy and the wind energy can form a good energy complementary system.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a wind power-photo-thermal combined power generation system which is characterized by comprising a wind power subsystem, a photo-thermal subsystem, an electric heating subsystem and an optimized dispatching subsystem, wherein the wind power subsystem is connected with the photo-thermal subsystem through the electric heating subsystem;
the wind power subsystem is used as a main power generation system and is used for wind power generation;
the solar-thermal subsystem is used for peak load regulation, valley filling, wind power fluctuation reduction and smooth system output, and mainly comprises a solar light-gathering and heat-collecting subsystem, a heat storage subsystem and a thermal cycle subsystem, wherein solar radiation is collected and converged in a heat collector through a light collector in the light-gathering and heat-collecting subsystem, heat energy is transferred to the heat storage subsystem through a heat transfer working medium and stored, the heat energy in the heat storage subsystem enters the thermal cycle subsystem through heat exchange during power generation to generate power, and the thermal cycle subsystem is used for supporting a steam turbine set to quickly regulate output; the heat storage subsystem is used for carrying out time translation on the generated energy of the combined power generation system within an allowable range, so that the combined power generation system has schedulability, reduces wind power fluctuation, and can adjust peak and fill valley to meet the requirements of a power grid;
the electric heating subsystem is used for converting redundant electric quantity of wind power into heat and sending the heat to the heat storage subsystem for storage;
the optimized dispatching subsystem is used for coordinating the operation of the wind power subsystem, the photo-thermal subsystem and the electric heating subsystem.
Furthermore, the optimal scheduling subsystem sequentially constructs a target function, calculates the planned output and the output constraint of the combined power generation system to enable the overall output of the combined power generation system to meet the power grid requirement, and ensures the economy of the combined power generation system.
Further, the objective function is to maximize the efficiency of the operation of the combined power generation system, and meanwhile, considering the deviation of the output plan penalty and the loss of the wind and light abandoning, the objective function is as follows:
Figure GDA0001693346790000031
in the objective function, the 1 st term represents the electricity selling yield, the 2 nd term represents the penalty of the deviation of the actual output from the planned output, and the 3 rd and 4 th terms represent the loss of the curtailed light and the loss of the curtailed wind respectively, wherein t is the time period, t is 1,2, …, t is equal to tmax,Pt SE、Pt WERespectively representing the on-line electric quantity of the photo-thermal subsystem and the wind electronic system, pitFor selling electricity prices, ω is the actual contribution deviation from the planned contribution penalty factor, LtFor planning the load, Pt th,S-C、Pt w,W-CIndicating the amount of waste light and the amount of waste air, CSC、CWCAnd showing light abandonment and wind abandonment penalty factors.
Further, the planned output of the combined power generation system is used for verifying that the combined power generation system can be scheduled as a conventional power generation system, the planned output of the combined power generation system is calculated by adopting a formula (2),
Figure GDA0001693346790000032
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
Figure GDA0001693346790000033
predicting output, L, for a wind turbinestAnd (2) the total load of the system in the period of t, wherein eta is more than 0 and less than or equal to 1, eta is the proportion of the output of the combined power generation system to the load of the system, and the values are the same at all time points, namely, the planned output curve completely follows the change of the load.
Further, the output constraints comprise energy balance equality constraints and inequality constraints of operation of the photo-thermal subsystem, operation of the heat storage subsystem and output load of the system, and the output constraints are used for imposing a limit range on the decision scheme.
Further, the equation constrains:
solar power available to the system Pt th,SAs in formula (3), and Pt th,SSolar thermal power P comprising heat transfer medium HTF absorptiont th,S-HAnd optical power Pt th,S-CTwo parts, as in formula (4)
Pt th,S=ηSFSSFRt (3)
Pt th,S=Pt th,S-H+Pt th,S-C (4)
In the formula etaSFIndicating the light-to-heat conversion efficiency, SSFDenotes the area of the mirror field, RtRepresenting the illumination direct radiation index at the time t;
the thermal working medium transfers energy to the thermodynamic cycle subsystem PC through heat exchange, and the thermal power P entering the PC is obtained by neglecting heat exchange losst th,H-PSolar thermal power P absorbed by heat transfer working medium HTFt th,S-HAnd the thermal power P transferred to the HTF by the heat storage subsystem TESt th,T-HAnd heat power P delivered to TES by HTFt th,H-THave a relationship shown in formula (5)
Pt th,S-H-Pt th,H-T+Pt th,T-H-Pt th,H-P=0 (5)
For TES, heat can be stored through the electric heating subsystem EH or the light-heat subsystem CSP light-gathering and heat-collecting subsystem, and the heat storage efficiency eta of the CSP light-gathering and heat-collecting subsystem is consideredH-TAnd EH heat storage efficiency etaW-TIn case of TES heat storage power Pt inIs represented by formula (6), wherein Pt w,W-TRepresents the electrical heating power; the thermal power P delivered by TES to HTFt th,T-HWith TES heat release power Pt outIs represented by the formula (7), wherein eta isT-HIndicating heat storage and release efficiency; when the TES heat dissipation rate gamma is considered, the variation relation of the heat storage quantity of TES in the adjacent time period is shown as the formula (8), wherein EtRepresenting the total energy of the energy storage system at time t, deltat is a time interval,
Pt in=Pt th,H-TηH-T+Pt w,W-TηW-T (6)
Pt out=Pt th,T-HT-H (7)
Et+1=(1-γΔt)Et+(Pt in-Pt out)Δt (8)
for PC module, its generated power Pt SEAnd absorb the thermal power Pt th,H-PCan be expressed by a piecewise linear function as shown in formula (9)
Figure GDA0001693346790000041
For the wind power subsystem, the current available wind power Pt w,EIncluding power P of networkt WEEH heating power Pt w,W-TWind power Pt w,W-CThree parts, as formula (10)
Pt w,E=Pt w,W-T+Pt WE+Pt w,W-C (10)。
Further, the inequality constrains:
the CSP unit has the following operation constraints:
Figure GDA0001693346790000042
Figure GDA0001693346790000043
Figure GDA0001693346790000044
Figure GDA0001693346790000045
the minimum operating and stopping time of the assembly is described by the equations (11), (12), in which
Figure GDA0001693346790000046
The working state of the PC module is shown, 0 represents stop, and 1 represents running;
Figure GDA0001693346790000047
the minimum running and stopping time of the unit is T, and the total duration is T; equation (13) describes the ramp constraint of the unit,
Figure GDA0001693346790000048
the maximum climbing capacity and the maximum climbing capacity of the unit are respectively set; equation (14) describes the unit output constraints,
Figure GDA0001693346790000049
respectively representing the minimum output and the maximum output of the PC system;
the operational constraints of TES are:
Figure GDA0001693346790000051
Figure GDA0001693346790000052
Figure GDA0001693346790000053
Emin≤Et≤Emax (18)
(1-εe)E0≤ET-E0≤(1+εe)E0 (19)
(15) - (16) show CSP, wind power storage power limit, respectively, (17) show TES heat release power limit, (18) describe energy storage capacity limit, and (19) describe allowable variation range of daily storage capacity.
Figure GDA0001693346790000054
Figure GDA0001693346790000055
Respectively representing the minimum heat storage and the maximum power of CSP, the minimum heat storage and the maximum power of wind power, the minimum heat release and the maximum power of TES,
Figure GDA0001693346790000056
respectively CSP heat storage state variable, TES heat release state variable, EH working state variable, Emin、EmaxRespectively representing minimum and maximum energy storage capacities, E0Indicating initial heat capacity of heat storage, ETDenotes the end heat capacity of the heat storage cycle,. epsiloneRepresenting the allowable change limit of heat storage capacity in the first and last time periods in the day;
in order to ensure that the actual load and the planned load of the system are within a certain error band, the output load of the system is constrained as the formula (20)
(1-εl)Lt≤Lrt-Lt≤(1+εl)Lt (20)
In the formula, LrtRepresenting federated systemsInter-generation load, LtFor planning the load, ∈lIs a load deviation tolerance limit.
In addition, the curtailed light power and the curtailed wind power should be non-negative, i.e. not negative
Pt th,S-C≥0 (21)
Pt w,W-C≥0 (22)。
A wind power-photo-thermal combined power generation system operation method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
3) and when the wind power output is smaller than the planned output, starting the CSP, providing the difference generated energy by the CSP, and considering the CSP running state and the minimum shutdown time constraint: if the CSP is in the shutdown state and the minimum shutdown time is not reached, the CSP cannot be started, and at the moment, the overall output is smaller than the planned output; if the CSP is in the running state or meets the minimum shutdown time, the CSP supplements power generation and output;
4) when the wind power output is larger than the planned output, the EH stores heat, and if the CSP is in an operating state and the operating time is less than the minimum starting time, the CSP continues to operate; if the CSP is in shutdown or the running time is greater than the minimum starting time, the heat storage power passing through the EH can be the difference value between the wind power output and the planned output;
3) in the above analysis, the CSP satisfies the down time and the start time, whether it is started or stopped is also related to the start cost and the stop cost.
The invention achieves the following beneficial effects:
1) the wind power and the CSP are integrally used as a node of a power grid, and wind power fluctuation is restrained before the wind power is on line, so that the combined system can be scheduled like a conventional power generation system, and the impact of the wind power on the power grid is reduced; 2) an Electric Heater (EH) device is added in the system, redundant wind resources are directly converted into heat Energy to be stored in an Energy Storage system (TES), and the heat Energy Storage system is used for transmitting power to a power grid through a CSP power generation system when needed, so that the utilization rate of the wind resources is improved. 3) In the optimization scheduling subsystem, a mixed integer programming model containing all time periods of the whole day is established by taking the maximum benefit of the operation of the wind power-CSP combined power generation system as a target and considering energy balance constraint, heat storage power, capacity constraint and the like. The model can enable the wind power-CSP combined power generation system provided by the text to well track planned loads, effectively reduce abandoned wind and have high schedulability, safety and economy.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a combined power generation system of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an energy flow diagram of a wind power-CSP combined power generation system.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following examples are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention more clearly, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby.
The structure of the wind power-photo-thermal combined power generation system is shown in fig. 1, wherein a wind power plant and a groove type photo-thermal power station are combined for example, and other photo-thermal power stations have similar structures. The combined power generation system mainly comprises a wind power subsystem, a photo-thermal subsystem, an electric heating subsystem and an optimized dispatching subsystem. The wind electronic system is connected with the photo-thermal subsystem through the electric heating subsystem. The photo-thermal subsystem is composed of a solar light-gathering and heat-collecting subsystem, a heat storage subsystem, a Power Cycle (PC) subsystem and the like. In the photo-thermal subsystem, the heat storage subsystem can carry out time translation on photo-thermal power generation within an allowable range, so that the photo-thermal power generation has certain adjustability; the thermodynamic cycle subsystem has better controllability and regulation capability and can support the turboset to carry out quick output regulation.
The electric heating system is a device utilizing abandoned wind, when wind power generation is larger than the load requirement of a power grid, wind power has to be abandoned to reduce the output of the system, and the electric heating subsystem can convert redundant electric quantity of the wind power into heat and send the heat into the heat storage system for storage; when the system output is smaller than the load requirement of the power grid, the photo-thermal subsystem is converted into electric energy. The electric heating system is added into the system, so that the effective utilization of abandoned wind is realized, the wind power utilization rate is improved, a heating source is added for the heat storage system, and the flexibility and the schedulability of the combined system are further improved.
In the combined power generation system, the wind power subsystem is a main power generation system, the photo-thermal subsystem plays the roles of peak load regulation and valley filling, wind power fluctuation reduction and smooth system output, and the optimized dispatching subsystem coordinates the operation of the wind power subsystem, the photo-thermal subsystem and the electric heating subsystem, so that the overall output of the system meets the power grid requirement, and the economy of the system is ensured.
2 wind power-photo-thermal combined power generation system operation mode
The basic operation mode comprises the following steps:
1) and when the wind power output is smaller than the planned output, starting the CSP, and providing the difference generated energy by the CSP. At this time, the CSP running state and the minimum shutdown time constraint are considered: if the CSP is in the shutdown state and the minimum shutdown time is not reached, the CSP cannot be started, and at the moment, the overall output is smaller than the planned output; if the CSP is in an operating state or meets a minimum down time, the power generation output is supplemented by the CSP.
2) And when the wind power output is greater than the planned output, the EH stores heat. If the CSP is in the running state and the running time is less than the minimum starting time, the CSP is to continuously maintain running; if the CSP is off or the run time is greater than the minimum start time, the heat storage power through the EH may be the difference between the wind power output and the planned output.
3) In the above analysis, the CSP satisfies the down time and the start time, and whether it is started (down) is also related to the start cost and the stop cost, etc.
3 wind power-CSP combined power generation system optimization scheduling model
3.1 objective function
The method aims at maximizing the operating efficiency of the wind power-CSP combined power generation system, and simultaneously considers the penalty of deviating the output plan and the loss of abandoned wind and abandoned light, so that the objective function is as follows:
Figure GDA0001693346790000071
in the objective function, the 1 st term represents the electricity selling income, the 2 nd term represents the penalty of the deviation of the actual output from the planned output, and the 3 rd and 4 th terms represent the light loss and the wind loss respectively. Where t is a time period, and t is 1,2, …,96,Pt SE、Pt WERespectively represents CSP and wind power on-line electric quantity, pitFor selling electricity prices, ω is the actual contribution deviation from the planned contribution penalty factor, LtFor planning the load, Pt th,S-C、Pt w,W-CIndicating the amount of waste light and the amount of waste air, CSC、CWCAnd showing light abandonment and wind abandonment penalty factors.
3.2 planned output of wind power-CSP combined power generation system
For the combined power generation system operation mode which is provided by the text and mainly adopts wind power and adopts photo-thermal regulation, in order to verify that the combined power generation system can be scheduled as a conventional power generation system, the planned output [6] of the wind power-CSP combined power generation system can be calculated by adopting a formula (2)
Figure GDA0001693346790000081
In the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
Figure GDA0001693346790000082
predicting output, L, for a wind turbinestAnd eta is the proportion of the output of the wind power-CSP combined power generation system to the system load, and the values of the output are the same at all time points, namely, the planned output curve completely follows the change of the load.
3.3 equality constraints
For power grid scheduling, the time interval scale concerned by the scheduling problem is far larger than the time constant of the dynamic process in the system, so that the dynamic process of energy exchange is not involved in the scheduling model. The flow diagram of the wind power-CSP combined power generation is shown in FIG. 2.
Solar power available to the system Pt th,SAs in formula (3), and Pt th,SComprising a thermal power P absorbed by a Heat Transfer Fluid (HTF)t th,S-HAnd optical power Pt th,S-CTwo parts, as in formula (4)
Pt th,S=ηSFSSFRt (3)
Pt th,S=Pt th,S-H+Pt th,S-C (4)
In the formula etaSFIndicating the light-to-heat conversion efficiency, SSFDenotes the area of the mirror field, RtRepresenting the direct radiation index (DNI) of the illumination at time t.
The HTF transfers energy to the PC through heat exchange, and heat power P entering the PC is obtained by neglecting heat exchange losst th,H-PSolar thermal power P absorbed by HTFt th,S-HThermal power P delivered from TES to HTFt th,T-HAnd heat power P delivered to TES by HTFt th ,H-THave a relationship shown in formula (5)
Pt th,S-H-Pt th,H-T+Pt th,T-H-Pt th,H-P=0 (5)
For TES, heat can be stored through the light-gathering and heat-collecting subsystem of EH or CSP, and the heat storage efficiency eta of the CSP light-gathering and heat-collecting subsystem is consideredH-TAnd EH heat storage efficiency etaW-TUnder the condition, the heat storage power of the TES is as shown in the formula (6); the thermal power P delivered by TES to HTFt th,T-HWith TES heat release power Pt outIs represented by the formula (7), wherein eta isT-HIndicating heat storage and release efficiency; when the TES heat dissipation rate gamma is considered, the variation relation of the heat storage quantity of TES in the adjacent time period is shown as the formula (8), wherein EtRepresenting the total energy of the energy storage system at the moment t, and deltat is a time interval.
Pt in=Pt th,H-TηH-T+Pt w,W-TηW-T (6)
Pt out=Pt th,T-HT-H (7)
Et+1=(1-γΔt)Et+(Pt in-Pt out)Δt (8)
For PC module, its generated power Pt SEAnd absorb the thermal power Pt th,H-PAvailable segmentationIs expressed by a linear function as shown in formula (9)
Figure GDA0001693346790000091
For the wind power subsystem, the current available wind power Pt w,EIncluding power P of networkt WEEH heating power Pt w,W-TWind power Pt w,W-CThree parts, as formula (10)
Pt w,E=Pt w,W-T+Pt WE+Pt w,W-C (10)
3.4 inequality constraints
The CSP unit has the following operation constraints:
Figure GDA0001693346790000092
Figure GDA0001693346790000093
Figure GDA0001693346790000094
Figure GDA0001693346790000095
the minimum operating and stopping time of the assembly is described by the equations (11), (12), in which
Figure GDA0001693346790000096
The working state of the PC module is shown, 0 represents stop, and 1 represents running;
Figure GDA0001693346790000097
the minimum running and stopping time of the unit is T, and the total duration is T; formula (13) describes the unitThe slope-climbing restriction of the device is realized,
Figure GDA0001693346790000098
the maximum climbing capacity and the maximum climbing capacity of the unit are respectively set; equation (14) describes the unit output constraints,
Figure GDA0001693346790000099
respectively representing the minimum and maximum output of the PC system.
The operational constraints of TES are:
Figure GDA00016933467900000910
Figure GDA00016933467900000911
Figure GDA00016933467900000912
Emin≤Et≤Emax (18)
(1-εe)E0≤ET-E0≤(1+εe)E0 (19)
(15) - (16) show CSP, wind power storage power limit, respectively, (17) show TES heat release power limit, (18) describe energy storage capacity limit, and (19) describe allowable variation range of daily storage capacity.
Figure GDA00016933467900000913
Figure GDA00016933467900000914
Respectively representing the minimum heat storage and the maximum power of CSP, the minimum heat storage and the maximum power of wind power, the minimum heat release and the maximum power of TES,
Figure GDA00016933467900000915
respectively CSP heat storage state variable and TES heat release state variableQuantity, EH operating state variables, Emin、EmaxRespectively representing minimum and maximum energy storage capacities, E0Indicating initial heat capacity of heat storage, ETDenotes the end heat capacity of the heat storage cycle,. epsiloneIndicating the allowable change limit of the heat capacity of the heat storage in the first and last periods of the day.
In order to ensure that the actual load and the planned load of the system are within a certain error band, the output load of the system is constrained as the formula (20)
(1-εl)Lt≤Lrt-Lt≤(1+εl)Lt (20)
In the formula, LrtRepresenting the actual power generation load, L, of the combined systemtFor planning the load, ∈lIs a load deviation tolerance limit.
In addition, the curtailed light power and the curtailed wind power should be non-negative, i.e. not negative
Pt th,S-C≥0 (21)
Pt w,W-C≥0 (22)
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, several modifications and variations can be made without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, and these modifications and variations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (6)

1.一种风电-光热联合发电系统,其特征是,包括风电子系统、光热子系统、电加热子系统以及优化调度子系统,风电子系统通过电加热子系统与光热子系统相连,所述优化调度子系统分别与风电子系统以及光热子系统相连;1. a wind power-photothermal combined power generation system is characterized in that, comprises a wind electronic system, a photothermal subsystem, an electric heating subsystem and an optimal scheduling subsystem, and the wind electronic system is connected with the photothermal subsystem by the electric heating subsystem , the optimal scheduling subsystem is respectively connected with the wind electronic system and the photothermal subsystem; 所述风电子系统作为主要发电系统,用于风力发电;The wind electronic system is used as the main power generation system for wind power generation; 所述光热子系统用于调峰填谷、降低风电波动性、平滑系统出力,该光热子系统由聚光集热子系统、储热子系统、热力循环子系统组成,太阳辐射经聚光集热子系统中的聚光器收集汇聚到集热器中,并通过传热工质将热能传递到储热子系统中储存起来,发电时储热子系统中的热能经换热进入热力循环子系统进行发电,所述热力循环子系统用于支持汽轮机组进行快速的出力调节;所述储热子系统用于将联合发电系统的发电量在允许范围内进行时间平移,使其具有可调度性,降低风电波动性,调峰填谷,满足电网要求;The photothermal subsystem is used to adjust peaks and fill valleys, reduce the volatility of wind power, and smooth the output of the system. The concentrator in the optical heat collecting subsystem collects and gathers it into the heat collector, and transfers the heat energy to the heat storage subsystem through the heat transfer medium for storage. The cycle subsystem generates electricity, and the thermodynamic cycle subsystem is used to support the rapid output adjustment of the steam turbine unit; the heat storage subsystem is used to time-shift the power generation of the combined power generation system within the allowable range to make it possible Dispatchability, reduce wind power volatility, adjust peaks and fill valleys, and meet power grid requirements; 所述电加热子系统用于将风电多余电量转化为热量,并送入所述储热子系统储存;The electric heating subsystem is used to convert excess wind power into heat and send it to the heat storage subsystem for storage; 所述优化调度子系统用于协调风电子系统、光热子系统及电加热子系统的运行;The optimal scheduling subsystem is used for coordinating the operation of the wind electronic system, the photothermal subsystem and the electric heating subsystem; 所述优化调度子系统依次通过构建目标函数、计算联合发电系统的计划出力、出力约束使联合发电系统整体出力满足电网需求,保证联合发电系统的经济性;The optimal dispatching subsystem makes the overall output of the co-generation system meet the grid demand by constructing the objective function, calculating the planned output and output constraints of the co-generation system in turn, and ensuring the economy of the co-generation system; 所述目标函数以该联合发电系统运行的效益最大化为目标,同时,考虑偏离出力计划惩罚及弃风、弃光损失,则目标函数为:The objective function takes the maximization of the operating benefit of the combined power generation system as the goal, and at the same time, considering the penalty for deviating from the output plan and the loss of wind and light abandonment, the objective function is:
Figure FDA0003092495440000011
Figure FDA0003092495440000011
目标函数中,第1项表示售电收益,第2项表示实际出力偏离计划出力的惩罚,第3和4项分别表示弃光损失和弃风损失,其中,t为时间段,t=1,2,…,tmax,Pt SE、Pt WE分别表示光热子系统和风电子系统的上网电量,πt为售电价格,ω为实际出力偏离计划出力惩罚因子,Lt为计划负荷,Pt th,S-C、Pt w,W-C表示弃光量、弃风量,CSC、CWC表示弃光、弃风惩罚因子。In the objective function, the 1st item represents the electricity sales revenue, the 2nd item represents the penalty for the deviation of the actual output from the planned output, and the 3rd and 4th items respectively represent the loss of abandoned light and the loss of wind, where t is the time period, t=1, 2,…,t max , P t SE , P t WE represent the on-grid electricity of the solar thermal subsystem and the wind electronic system, respectively, π t is the electricity selling price, ω is the actual output deviation from the planned output penalty factor, L t is the planned load, P t th,SC and P t w,WC represent the amount of abandoned light and abandoned air, and C SC and C WC indicate the penalty factors of abandoned light and abandoned air.
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种风电-光热联合发电系统,其特征是,所述联合发电系统的计划出力用于验证该联合发电系统可按常规发电系统一样调度,采用式(2)计算联合发电系统的计划出力,2. A wind power-photothermal combined power generation system according to claim 1, wherein the planned output of the combined power generation system is used to verify that the combined power generation system can be dispatched as a conventional power generation system, using formula (2 ) to calculate the planned output of the co-generation system,
Figure FDA0003092495440000021
Figure FDA0003092495440000021
式中,
Figure FDA0003092495440000022
为t时段风电机组预测出力,Lst为t时段系统的总负荷,0<η≤1,η为联合发电系统出力占系统负荷的比例,其值在各时间点是相同的,即计划出力曲线完全跟随负荷的变化。
In the formula,
Figure FDA0003092495440000022
is the predicted output of wind turbines in the t period, L st is the total load of the system in the t period, 0<η≤1, η is the proportion of the output of the co-generation system to the system load, and its value is the same at each time point, that is, the planned output curve Fully follow the load changes.
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种风电-光热联合发电系统,其特征是,所述出力约束包括能量平衡等式约束和光热子系统运行、储热子系统运行、系统输出负荷不等式约束,出力约束用于对决策方案施加限制范围。3. A wind power-photothermal combined power generation system according to claim 1, wherein the output constraints include energy balance equation constraints and the operation of the solar-thermal subsystem, the operation of the heat storage subsystem, and the system output load inequality Constraints, output constraints are used to impose limits on the decision-making scheme. 4.根据权利要求3所述的一种风电-光热联合发电系统,其特征是,所述等式约束:4. A wind power-photothermal combined power generation system according to claim 3, wherein the equation is constrained: 系统可用太阳能功率Pt th,S如式(3),而Pt th,S包括传热工质HTF吸收的太阳能热功率Pt th ,S-H与弃光功率Pt th,S-C两部分,如式(4)The available solar power P t th,S of the system is shown in formula (3), and P t th,S includes the solar thermal power P t th ,SH absorbed by the heat transfer medium HTF and the discarded light power P t th,SC two parts, such as Formula (4) Pt th,S=ηSFSSFRt (3)P t th,S = η SF S SF R t (3) Pt th,S=Pt th,S-H+Pt th,S-C (4)P t th,S =P t th,SH +P t th,SC (4) 式中,ηSF表示光-热转化效率,SSF表示镜场面积,Rt表示t时刻的光照直接辐射指数;where ηSF represents the light-to-heat conversion efficiency, SSF represents the mirror field area, and Rt represents the direct radiation index of light at time t; 热工质通过换热将能量传递给热力循环子系统PC,忽略换热损失,则进入PC的热功率Pt th,H-P、传热工质HTF吸收的太阳能热功率Pt th,S-H、由储热子系统TES传递给HTF的热功率Pt th,T-H及由HTF传递给TES的热功率Pt th,H-T之间有式(5)所示关系The thermal working medium transfers energy to the thermodynamic cycle subsystem PC through heat exchange, ignoring the heat exchange loss, the thermal power P t th,HP entering the PC, the solar thermal power P t th,SH absorbed by the heat transfer working medium HTF, and the The relationship between the thermal power P t th, TH transferred from the heat storage subsystem TES to the HTF and the thermal power P t th, HT transferred from the HTF to the TES is shown in formula (5). Pt th,S-H-Pt th,H-T+Pt th,T-H-Pt th,H-P=0 (5)P t th,SH -P t th,HT +P t th,TH -P t th,HP =0 (5) 对于TES来说,可通过电加热子系统EH或光热子系统CSP的聚光集热子系统进行储热,在考虑CSP聚光集热子系统储热效率ηH-T及EH储热效率ηW-T情况下,TES储热功率Pt in如式(6),其中Pt w,W-T表示电加热功率;则TES传递给HTF的热功率Pt th,T-H与TES放热功率Pt out的关系如式(7),其中,ηT-H表示储热放热效率;在考虑TES热耗散率γ时,TES相邻时间段储热热量的变化关系如式(8),其中,Et表示t时刻储能系统总能量,Δt为时间间隔,For TES, heat storage can be performed by the electric heating subsystem EH or the concentrating heat collecting subsystem of the photothermal subsystem CSP. Considering the heat storage efficiency η HT of the CSP concentrating heat collecting subsystem and the heat storage efficiency η WT of the EH , TES heat storage power P t in is as in formula (6), where P t w, WT represents the electric heating power; then the relationship between the thermal power P t th, TH transmitted by TES to HTF and TES heat release power P t out is as formula (7), where η TH represents the heat storage and heat release efficiency; when considering the TES heat dissipation rate γ, the variation relationship of the heat storage heat in the adjacent time periods of the TES is as shown in Equation (8), where E t represents the energy storage at time t The total energy of the system, Δt is the time interval, Pt in=Pt th,H-TηH-T+Pt w,W-TηW-T (6)P t in =P t th,HT η HT +P t w,WT η WT (6) Pt out=Pt th,T-HT-H (7)P t out =P t th,THTH (7) Et+1=(1-γΔt)Et+(Pt in-Pt out)Δt (8)E t+1 =(1-γΔt)E t +(P t in -P t out )Δt (8) 对于PC,其发电功率Pt SE与吸收热功率Pt th,H-P可用分段线性函数来表示,如式(9)所示For PC, its generated power P t SE and absorbed heat power P t th, HP can be represented by piecewise linear functions, as shown in equation (9)
Figure FDA0003092495440000031
Figure FDA0003092495440000031
对于风电子系统,其当前可用风电功率Pt w,E包括上网功率Pt WE、EH加热功率Pt w,W-T、弃风功率Pt w,W-C三部分,如式(10)For the wind electronic system, its currently available wind power P t w,E includes three parts: grid power P t WE , EH heating power P t w,WT , and abandoned wind power P t w,WC , as shown in formula (10) Pt w,E=Pt w,W-T+Pt WE+Pt w,W-C (10)。 Ptw ,E = Ptw ,WT + PtWE + Ptw , WC (10).
5.根据权利要求4所述的一种风电-光热联合发电系统,其特征是,所述不等式约束:5. A wind power-photothermal combined power generation system according to claim 4, wherein the inequality constraint: CSP机组的运行约束有:The operating constraints of the CSP unit are:
Figure FDA0003092495440000032
Figure FDA0003092495440000032
Figure FDA0003092495440000033
Figure FDA0003092495440000033
Figure FDA0003092495440000034
Figure FDA0003092495440000034
Figure FDA0003092495440000035
Figure FDA0003092495440000035
式(11)、(12)描述了机组的最小运行、停止时间,其中
Figure FDA0003092495440000036
表示PC的工作状态,0表示停止,1表示运行;
Figure FDA0003092495440000037
为机组最小运行、停止时间,T为总时长;式(13)描述了机组的爬坡约束,
Figure FDA0003092495440000038
分别为机组最大上、下爬坡能力;式(14)描述了机组的出力约束,
Figure FDA0003092495440000039
分别表示PC最小、最大出力;
Equations (11) and (12) describe the minimum running and stopping time of the unit, where
Figure FDA0003092495440000036
Indicates the working state of the PC, 0 means stop, 1 means running;
Figure FDA0003092495440000037
is the minimum running and stopping time of the unit, T is the total time; Equation (13) describes the climbing constraint of the unit,
Figure FDA0003092495440000038
are the maximum uphill and downhill climbing capabilities of the unit, respectively; Equation (14) describes the output constraints of the unit,
Figure FDA0003092495440000039
Respectively represent the minimum and maximum output of the PC;
TES的运行约束有:The operating constraints of TES are:
Figure FDA00030924954400000310
Figure FDA00030924954400000310
Figure FDA0003092495440000041
Figure FDA0003092495440000041
Figure FDA0003092495440000042
Figure FDA0003092495440000042
Emin≤Et≤Emax (18)E min ≤E t ≤E max (18) (1-εe)E0≤ET-E0≤(1+εe)E0 (19)(1-ε e )E 0 ≤E T -E 0 ≤(1+ε e )E 0 (19) (15)-(16)分别表示CSP、风电储热功率限制,(17)表示TES放热功率限制,(18)描述了储能容量限制,(19)描述了日内储热容量允许变化范围,
Figure FDA0003092495440000043
分别表示CSP储热最小、最大功率,风电储热最小、最大功率、TES放热最小、最大功率,
Figure FDA0003092495440000044
分别为CSP储热状态变量、TES放热状态变量、EH工作状态变量,Emin、Emax分别表示最小、最大储能容量,E0表示储热初始热容量,ET表示储热周期末热容量,εe表示天内首末时段储热热容量允许变化限;
(15)-(16) represent the CSP and wind power heat storage power limit respectively, (17) represent the TES heat release power limit, (18) describe the energy storage capacity limit, (19) describe the allowable variation range of the daily heat storage capacity,
Figure FDA0003092495440000043
Respectively represent the minimum and maximum power of CSP heat storage, the minimum and maximum power of wind power heat storage, the minimum and maximum power of TES heat release,
Figure FDA0003092495440000044
are the CSP heat storage state variable, the TES heat release state variable, and the EH working state variable, E min and E max represent the minimum and maximum energy storage capacity, respectively, E 0 represents the initial heat storage capacity, E T represents the end heat capacity of the heat storage cycle, ε e represents the allowable change limit of heat storage capacity at the beginning and end of the day;
为了保证系统实际负荷与计划负荷在一定误差带,系统输出负荷约束如式(20)In order to ensure that the actual load of the system and the planned load are in a certain error band, the output load of the system is restricted as in Equation (20) (1-εl)Lt≤Lrt-Lt≤(1+εl)Lt (20)(1-ε l )L t ≤L rt -L t ≤(1+ε l )L t (20) 式中,Lrt表示联合系统实际发电负荷,Lt为计划负荷,εl为负荷偏差容许限;In the formula, L rt represents the actual power generation load of the combined system, L t is the planned load, and ε l is the load deviation tolerance limit; 除此之外,弃光功率、弃风功率应为非负,即In addition, the abandoned optical power and the abandoned wind power should be non-negative, that is, Pt th,S-C≥0 (21)P t th,SC ≥0 (21) Pt w,W-C≥0 (22)。P t w,WC ≥ 0 (22).
6.一种基于权利要求5所述的风电-光热联合发电系统运行方法,其特征是,包括如下步骤:6. A method for operating a wind power-photothermal combined power generation system based on claim 5, wherein the method comprises the following steps: 1)风电出力小于计划出力时,启动CSP,由CSP提供差额发电量,此时考虑CSP运行状态及最小停运时间约束:如果CSP处于停运状态且未能达到最小停运时间,则CSP不能启动,此时,整体出力小于计划出力;如果CSP处于运行状态或者满足最小停运时间,则由CSP补充发电出力;1) When the wind power output is less than the planned output, start the CSP, and the CSP will provide the difference power generation. At this time, the CSP operation state and the minimum outage time constraints are considered: if the CSP is in the outage state and fails to reach the minimum outage time, the CSP cannot Start, at this time, the overall output is less than the planned output; if the CSP is in the running state or meets the minimum outage time, the CSP will supplement the power generation output; 2)风电出力大于计划出力时,EH进行储热,如果CSP处于运行状态且运行时间小于最小启动时间,则CSP要继续维持运行;如果CSP处于停运或者运行时间大于最小启动时间,则通过EH的储热功率可以为风电出力与计划出力的差值;2) When the wind power output is greater than the planned output, the EH will store heat. If the CSP is in operation and the operation time is less than the minimum start-up time, the CSP will continue to operate; if the CSP is out of operation or the operation time is longer than the minimum start-up time, the EH will be used The heat storage power can be the difference between the wind power output and the planned output; 3)在上述步骤1)和步骤2)的分析中,CSP满足了停运时间和启动时间,其是否启动或停运还和启动成本和停止成本相关。3) In the analysis of the above steps 1) and 2), the CSP satisfies the shutdown time and the startup time, and whether it starts or stops is also related to the startup cost and the shutdown cost.
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