CN108321837B - Wind power-photo-thermal combined power generation system and operation method thereof - Google Patents
Wind power-photo-thermal combined power generation system and operation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
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Abstract
The invention discloses a wind power-photo-thermal combined power generation system which is characterized by comprising a wind power subsystem, a photo-thermal subsystem, an electric heating subsystem and an optimized dispatching subsystem, wherein the wind power subsystem is connected with the photo-thermal subsystem through the electric heating subsystem, and the optimized dispatching subsystem is respectively connected with the wind power subsystem and the photo-thermal subsystem. The advantages are that: 1) the wind power and the CSP are integrally used as a node of a power grid, and wind power fluctuation is restrained before the wind power is on line, so that the combined system can be scheduled like a conventional power generation system, and the impact of the wind power on the power grid is reduced; 2) an electric heating device is added in the system, so that the utilization rate of wind resources is improved. 3) In the optimal scheduling subsystem, the aim of maximizing the operating benefits of the wind power-CSP combined power generation system is taken, the abandoned wind is effectively reduced, and the optimal scheduling subsystem has high schedulability, safety and economy.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a wind power-photo-thermal combined power generation system and an operation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of power generation.
Background
With the continuous consumption of fossil fuels and the increasing deterioration of ecological environment, power generation by renewable energy sources is receiving more and more attention. Wind power is the most mature renewable energy power generation mode with the lowest cost in the prior art except hydropower. By 2030, wind power will provide 9% of global electrical energy; and this figure will reach 12% by year 2050. By the end of 2014, the installed capacity of grid-connected wind power in China reaches 9581 ten thousand kilowatts. However, due to randomness and intermittence of wind resources, wind power controllability and scheduling performance are poor, the direct grid connection of wind power with large proportion brings potential risks to safe and stable operation of a power grid, even grid paralysis can be caused seriously, and extremely serious economic loss is caused. When the specific gravity of the wind power directly connected to the power grid reaches more than 10%, the power grid system is reasonably and effectively adjusted so as to improve the power supply quality and reduce the operation cost.
In order to solve the above problems, it is not preferable to take measures to limit the proportion of wind power in the power grid or to increase the power regulation range of the wind turbine (such as wind abandoning). The best method has two: firstly, a matched adjusting power supply is built, and the wind power absorption capacity is improved by adopting a joint adjusting method; and secondly, wind power is indirectly input into a power grid or stored by using an energy storage system, and the power grid is stably supplied with power when needed. In practice, the two methods are often used in combination. At present, the wind power adjustable power supply can be only used as: conventional power plants, photovoltaic power plants or pumped storage power plants. However, the application of the conventional power plant is fossil energy, which is contrary to the original purpose of developing renewable energy sources and saving energy and reducing emission in China. The photovoltaic power station is used as an adjusting power supply, the peak value of the energy storage efficiency of a storage battery is only about 70%, the storage battery in a wind-solar (photovoltaic) storage (battery) system can be in a power shortage state for a long time due to the power generation characteristics of wind power and photovoltaic, the service life of the storage battery is short, and the cost is high. The adoption of pumped storage power stations as a regulated power supply is an ideal measure, but pumped storage power stations are severely limited by regions. In addition, if the compressed air is directly used for storing energy, the energy loss is as high as about 50%, and the energy storage efficiency is low. In conclusion, the existing adjusting measures are feasible but not perfect.
The photo-thermal power station is used as a regulating power supply of wind power, and is a new idea and a new direction for improving the wind power absorption capacity. The photo-thermal power station is a new energy power supply which can provide clean power and does not influence the reliability of a power system, and has the following four advantages as an adjusting power supply of wind power: firstly, solar energy is the most extensive renewable energy source, and the photo-thermal power generation is environment-friendly and free of carbon emission; secondly, the photo-thermal power generation adopts a mode that a condenser and a heat collector are utilized to collect solar radiation heat energy, and a working medium is heated to generate superheated steam to push a traditional synchronous generator set to generate power, and the essential difference of the photo-thermal power generation and the traditional synchronous generator set is only different from that of a thermal power plant in the used energy sources, so that the photo-thermal power generation has the same adjustment advantage as the thermal power plant; thirdly, the energy storage device of the photo-thermal power station usually stores energy by utilizing a molten salt heat storage mode, so that the large-scale production is easy, the heat storage efficiency can reach 95-97 percent, which is incomparable with other energy storage modes, and the energy storage device can adjust output within a certain range according to a power generation plan and can smoothly output so as to adapt to the requirements of a power grid; fourth, solar energy is generally abundant in daytime and summer, wind energy is generally abundant in evening and spring and autumn, the natural day and night complementarity and seasonal complementarity of solar energy and wind energy can be matched with an effective energy storage means to eliminate the defect of poor power generation stability of renewable energy sources, and the solar energy and the wind energy can form a good energy complementary system.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a wind power-photo-thermal combined power generation system which is characterized by comprising a wind power subsystem, a photo-thermal subsystem, an electric heating subsystem and an optimized dispatching subsystem, wherein the wind power subsystem is connected with the photo-thermal subsystem through the electric heating subsystem;
the wind power subsystem is used as a main power generation system and is used for wind power generation;
the solar-thermal subsystem is used for peak load regulation, valley filling, wind power fluctuation reduction and smooth system output, and mainly comprises a solar light-gathering and heat-collecting subsystem, a heat storage subsystem and a thermal cycle subsystem, wherein solar radiation is collected and converged in a heat collector through a light collector in the light-gathering and heat-collecting subsystem, heat energy is transferred to the heat storage subsystem through a heat transfer working medium and stored, the heat energy in the heat storage subsystem enters the thermal cycle subsystem through heat exchange during power generation to generate power, and the thermal cycle subsystem is used for supporting a steam turbine set to quickly regulate output; the heat storage subsystem is used for carrying out time translation on the generated energy of the combined power generation system within an allowable range, so that the combined power generation system has schedulability, reduces wind power fluctuation, and can adjust peak and fill valley to meet the requirements of a power grid;
the electric heating subsystem is used for converting redundant electric quantity of wind power into heat and sending the heat to the heat storage subsystem for storage;
the optimized dispatching subsystem is used for coordinating the operation of the wind power subsystem, the photo-thermal subsystem and the electric heating subsystem.
Furthermore, the optimal scheduling subsystem sequentially constructs a target function, calculates the planned output and the output constraint of the combined power generation system to enable the overall output of the combined power generation system to meet the power grid requirement, and ensures the economy of the combined power generation system.
Further, the objective function is to maximize the efficiency of the operation of the combined power generation system, and meanwhile, considering the deviation of the output plan penalty and the loss of the wind and light abandoning, the objective function is as follows:
in the objective function, the 1 st term represents the electricity selling yield, the 2 nd term represents the penalty of the deviation of the actual output from the planned output, and the 3 rd and 4 th terms represent the loss of the curtailed light and the loss of the curtailed wind respectively, wherein t is the time period, t is 1,2, …, t is equal to tmax,Pt SE、Pt WERespectively representing the on-line electric quantity of the photo-thermal subsystem and the wind electronic system, pitFor selling electricity prices, ω is the actual contribution deviation from the planned contribution penalty factor, LtFor planning the load, Pt th,S-C、Pt w,W-CIndicating the amount of waste light and the amount of waste air, CSC、CWCAnd showing light abandonment and wind abandonment penalty factors.
Further, the planned output of the combined power generation system is used for verifying that the combined power generation system can be scheduled as a conventional power generation system, the planned output of the combined power generation system is calculated by adopting a formula (2),
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,predicting output, L, for a wind turbinestAnd (2) the total load of the system in the period of t, wherein eta is more than 0 and less than or equal to 1, eta is the proportion of the output of the combined power generation system to the load of the system, and the values are the same at all time points, namely, the planned output curve completely follows the change of the load.
Further, the output constraints comprise energy balance equality constraints and inequality constraints of operation of the photo-thermal subsystem, operation of the heat storage subsystem and output load of the system, and the output constraints are used for imposing a limit range on the decision scheme.
Further, the equation constrains:
solar power available to the system Pt th,SAs in formula (3), and Pt th,SSolar thermal power P comprising heat transfer medium HTF absorptiont th,S-HAnd optical power Pt th,S-CTwo parts, as in formula (4)
Pt th,S=ηSFSSFRt (3)
Pt th,S=Pt th,S-H+Pt th,S-C (4)
In the formula etaSFIndicating the light-to-heat conversion efficiency, SSFDenotes the area of the mirror field, RtRepresenting the illumination direct radiation index at the time t;
the thermal working medium transfers energy to the thermodynamic cycle subsystem PC through heat exchange, and the thermal power P entering the PC is obtained by neglecting heat exchange losst th,H-PSolar thermal power P absorbed by heat transfer working medium HTFt th,S-HAnd the thermal power P transferred to the HTF by the heat storage subsystem TESt th,T-HAnd heat power P delivered to TES by HTFt th,H-THave a relationship shown in formula (5)
Pt th,S-H-Pt th,H-T+Pt th,T-H-Pt th,H-P=0 (5)
For TES, heat can be stored through the electric heating subsystem EH or the light-heat subsystem CSP light-gathering and heat-collecting subsystem, and the heat storage efficiency eta of the CSP light-gathering and heat-collecting subsystem is consideredH-TAnd EH heat storage efficiency etaW-TIn case of TES heat storage power Pt inIs represented by formula (6), wherein Pt w,W-TRepresents the electrical heating power; the thermal power P delivered by TES to HTFt th,T-HWith TES heat release power Pt outIs represented by the formula (7), wherein eta isT-HIndicating heat storage and release efficiency; when the TES heat dissipation rate gamma is considered, the variation relation of the heat storage quantity of TES in the adjacent time period is shown as the formula (8), wherein EtRepresenting the total energy of the energy storage system at time t, deltat is a time interval,
Pt in=Pt th,H-TηH-T+Pt w,W-TηW-T (6)
Pt out=Pt th,T-H/ηT-H (7)
Et+1=(1-γΔt)Et+(Pt in-Pt out)Δt (8)
for PC module, its generated power Pt SEAnd absorb the thermal power Pt th,H-PCan be expressed by a piecewise linear function as shown in formula (9)
For the wind power subsystem, the current available wind power Pt w,EIncluding power P of networkt WEEH heating power Pt w,W-TWind power Pt w,W-CThree parts, as formula (10)
Pt w,E=Pt w,W-T+Pt WE+Pt w,W-C (10)。
Further, the inequality constrains:
the CSP unit has the following operation constraints:
the minimum operating and stopping time of the assembly is described by the equations (11), (12), in whichThe working state of the PC module is shown, 0 represents stop, and 1 represents running;the minimum running and stopping time of the unit is T, and the total duration is T; equation (13) describes the ramp constraint of the unit,the maximum climbing capacity and the maximum climbing capacity of the unit are respectively set; equation (14) describes the unit output constraints,respectively representing the minimum output and the maximum output of the PC system;
the operational constraints of TES are:
Emin≤Et≤Emax (18)
(1-εe)E0≤ET-E0≤(1+εe)E0 (19)
(15) - (16) show CSP, wind power storage power limit, respectively, (17) show TES heat release power limit, (18) describe energy storage capacity limit, and (19) describe allowable variation range of daily storage capacity. Respectively representing the minimum heat storage and the maximum power of CSP, the minimum heat storage and the maximum power of wind power, the minimum heat release and the maximum power of TES,respectively CSP heat storage state variable, TES heat release state variable, EH working state variable, Emin、EmaxRespectively representing minimum and maximum energy storage capacities, E0Indicating initial heat capacity of heat storage, ETDenotes the end heat capacity of the heat storage cycle,. epsiloneRepresenting the allowable change limit of heat storage capacity in the first and last time periods in the day;
in order to ensure that the actual load and the planned load of the system are within a certain error band, the output load of the system is constrained as the formula (20)
(1-εl)Lt≤Lrt-Lt≤(1+εl)Lt (20)
In the formula, LrtRepresenting federated systemsInter-generation load, LtFor planning the load, ∈lIs a load deviation tolerance limit.
In addition, the curtailed light power and the curtailed wind power should be non-negative, i.e. not negative
Pt th,S-C≥0 (21)
Pt w,W-C≥0 (22)。
A wind power-photo-thermal combined power generation system operation method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
3) and when the wind power output is smaller than the planned output, starting the CSP, providing the difference generated energy by the CSP, and considering the CSP running state and the minimum shutdown time constraint: if the CSP is in the shutdown state and the minimum shutdown time is not reached, the CSP cannot be started, and at the moment, the overall output is smaller than the planned output; if the CSP is in the running state or meets the minimum shutdown time, the CSP supplements power generation and output;
4) when the wind power output is larger than the planned output, the EH stores heat, and if the CSP is in an operating state and the operating time is less than the minimum starting time, the CSP continues to operate; if the CSP is in shutdown or the running time is greater than the minimum starting time, the heat storage power passing through the EH can be the difference value between the wind power output and the planned output;
3) in the above analysis, the CSP satisfies the down time and the start time, whether it is started or stopped is also related to the start cost and the stop cost.
The invention achieves the following beneficial effects:
1) the wind power and the CSP are integrally used as a node of a power grid, and wind power fluctuation is restrained before the wind power is on line, so that the combined system can be scheduled like a conventional power generation system, and the impact of the wind power on the power grid is reduced; 2) an Electric Heater (EH) device is added in the system, redundant wind resources are directly converted into heat Energy to be stored in an Energy Storage system (TES), and the heat Energy Storage system is used for transmitting power to a power grid through a CSP power generation system when needed, so that the utilization rate of the wind resources is improved. 3) In the optimization scheduling subsystem, a mixed integer programming model containing all time periods of the whole day is established by taking the maximum benefit of the operation of the wind power-CSP combined power generation system as a target and considering energy balance constraint, heat storage power, capacity constraint and the like. The model can enable the wind power-CSP combined power generation system provided by the text to well track planned loads, effectively reduce abandoned wind and have high schedulability, safety and economy.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a combined power generation system of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an energy flow diagram of a wind power-CSP combined power generation system.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following examples are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention more clearly, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby.
The structure of the wind power-photo-thermal combined power generation system is shown in fig. 1, wherein a wind power plant and a groove type photo-thermal power station are combined for example, and other photo-thermal power stations have similar structures. The combined power generation system mainly comprises a wind power subsystem, a photo-thermal subsystem, an electric heating subsystem and an optimized dispatching subsystem. The wind electronic system is connected with the photo-thermal subsystem through the electric heating subsystem. The photo-thermal subsystem is composed of a solar light-gathering and heat-collecting subsystem, a heat storage subsystem, a Power Cycle (PC) subsystem and the like. In the photo-thermal subsystem, the heat storage subsystem can carry out time translation on photo-thermal power generation within an allowable range, so that the photo-thermal power generation has certain adjustability; the thermodynamic cycle subsystem has better controllability and regulation capability and can support the turboset to carry out quick output regulation.
The electric heating system is a device utilizing abandoned wind, when wind power generation is larger than the load requirement of a power grid, wind power has to be abandoned to reduce the output of the system, and the electric heating subsystem can convert redundant electric quantity of the wind power into heat and send the heat into the heat storage system for storage; when the system output is smaller than the load requirement of the power grid, the photo-thermal subsystem is converted into electric energy. The electric heating system is added into the system, so that the effective utilization of abandoned wind is realized, the wind power utilization rate is improved, a heating source is added for the heat storage system, and the flexibility and the schedulability of the combined system are further improved.
In the combined power generation system, the wind power subsystem is a main power generation system, the photo-thermal subsystem plays the roles of peak load regulation and valley filling, wind power fluctuation reduction and smooth system output, and the optimized dispatching subsystem coordinates the operation of the wind power subsystem, the photo-thermal subsystem and the electric heating subsystem, so that the overall output of the system meets the power grid requirement, and the economy of the system is ensured.
2 wind power-photo-thermal combined power generation system operation mode
The basic operation mode comprises the following steps:
1) and when the wind power output is smaller than the planned output, starting the CSP, and providing the difference generated energy by the CSP. At this time, the CSP running state and the minimum shutdown time constraint are considered: if the CSP is in the shutdown state and the minimum shutdown time is not reached, the CSP cannot be started, and at the moment, the overall output is smaller than the planned output; if the CSP is in an operating state or meets a minimum down time, the power generation output is supplemented by the CSP.
2) And when the wind power output is greater than the planned output, the EH stores heat. If the CSP is in the running state and the running time is less than the minimum starting time, the CSP is to continuously maintain running; if the CSP is off or the run time is greater than the minimum start time, the heat storage power through the EH may be the difference between the wind power output and the planned output.
3) In the above analysis, the CSP satisfies the down time and the start time, and whether it is started (down) is also related to the start cost and the stop cost, etc.
3 wind power-CSP combined power generation system optimization scheduling model
3.1 objective function
The method aims at maximizing the operating efficiency of the wind power-CSP combined power generation system, and simultaneously considers the penalty of deviating the output plan and the loss of abandoned wind and abandoned light, so that the objective function is as follows:
in the objective function, the 1 st term represents the electricity selling income, the 2 nd term represents the penalty of the deviation of the actual output from the planned output, and the 3 rd and 4 th terms represent the light loss and the wind loss respectively. Where t is a time period, and t is 1,2, …,96,Pt SE、Pt WERespectively represents CSP and wind power on-line electric quantity, pitFor selling electricity prices, ω is the actual contribution deviation from the planned contribution penalty factor, LtFor planning the load, Pt th,S-C、Pt w,W-CIndicating the amount of waste light and the amount of waste air, CSC、CWCAnd showing light abandonment and wind abandonment penalty factors.
3.2 planned output of wind power-CSP combined power generation system
For the combined power generation system operation mode which is provided by the text and mainly adopts wind power and adopts photo-thermal regulation, in order to verify that the combined power generation system can be scheduled as a conventional power generation system, the planned output [6] of the wind power-CSP combined power generation system can be calculated by adopting a formula (2)
In the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,predicting output, L, for a wind turbinestAnd eta is the proportion of the output of the wind power-CSP combined power generation system to the system load, and the values of the output are the same at all time points, namely, the planned output curve completely follows the change of the load.
3.3 equality constraints
For power grid scheduling, the time interval scale concerned by the scheduling problem is far larger than the time constant of the dynamic process in the system, so that the dynamic process of energy exchange is not involved in the scheduling model. The flow diagram of the wind power-CSP combined power generation is shown in FIG. 2.
Solar power available to the system Pt th,SAs in formula (3), and Pt th,SComprising a thermal power P absorbed by a Heat Transfer Fluid (HTF)t th,S-HAnd optical power Pt th,S-CTwo parts, as in formula (4)
Pt th,S=ηSFSSFRt (3)
Pt th,S=Pt th,S-H+Pt th,S-C (4)
In the formula etaSFIndicating the light-to-heat conversion efficiency, SSFDenotes the area of the mirror field, RtRepresenting the direct radiation index (DNI) of the illumination at time t.
The HTF transfers energy to the PC through heat exchange, and heat power P entering the PC is obtained by neglecting heat exchange losst th,H-PSolar thermal power P absorbed by HTFt th,S-HThermal power P delivered from TES to HTFt th,T-HAnd heat power P delivered to TES by HTFt th ,H-THave a relationship shown in formula (5)
Pt th,S-H-Pt th,H-T+Pt th,T-H-Pt th,H-P=0 (5)
For TES, heat can be stored through the light-gathering and heat-collecting subsystem of EH or CSP, and the heat storage efficiency eta of the CSP light-gathering and heat-collecting subsystem is consideredH-TAnd EH heat storage efficiency etaW-TUnder the condition, the heat storage power of the TES is as shown in the formula (6); the thermal power P delivered by TES to HTFt th,T-HWith TES heat release power Pt outIs represented by the formula (7), wherein eta isT-HIndicating heat storage and release efficiency; when the TES heat dissipation rate gamma is considered, the variation relation of the heat storage quantity of TES in the adjacent time period is shown as the formula (8), wherein EtRepresenting the total energy of the energy storage system at the moment t, and deltat is a time interval.
Pt in=Pt th,H-TηH-T+Pt w,W-TηW-T (6)
Pt out=Pt th,T-H/ηT-H (7)
Et+1=(1-γΔt)Et+(Pt in-Pt out)Δt (8)
For PC module, its generated power Pt SEAnd absorb the thermal power Pt th,H-PAvailable segmentationIs expressed by a linear function as shown in formula (9)
For the wind power subsystem, the current available wind power Pt w,EIncluding power P of networkt WEEH heating power Pt w,W-TWind power Pt w,W-CThree parts, as formula (10)
Pt w,E=Pt w,W-T+Pt WE+Pt w,W-C (10)
3.4 inequality constraints
The CSP unit has the following operation constraints:
the minimum operating and stopping time of the assembly is described by the equations (11), (12), in whichThe working state of the PC module is shown, 0 represents stop, and 1 represents running;the minimum running and stopping time of the unit is T, and the total duration is T; formula (13) describes the unitThe slope-climbing restriction of the device is realized,the maximum climbing capacity and the maximum climbing capacity of the unit are respectively set; equation (14) describes the unit output constraints,respectively representing the minimum and maximum output of the PC system.
The operational constraints of TES are:
Emin≤Et≤Emax (18)
(1-εe)E0≤ET-E0≤(1+εe)E0 (19)
(15) - (16) show CSP, wind power storage power limit, respectively, (17) show TES heat release power limit, (18) describe energy storage capacity limit, and (19) describe allowable variation range of daily storage capacity. Respectively representing the minimum heat storage and the maximum power of CSP, the minimum heat storage and the maximum power of wind power, the minimum heat release and the maximum power of TES,respectively CSP heat storage state variable and TES heat release state variableQuantity, EH operating state variables, Emin、EmaxRespectively representing minimum and maximum energy storage capacities, E0Indicating initial heat capacity of heat storage, ETDenotes the end heat capacity of the heat storage cycle,. epsiloneIndicating the allowable change limit of the heat capacity of the heat storage in the first and last periods of the day.
In order to ensure that the actual load and the planned load of the system are within a certain error band, the output load of the system is constrained as the formula (20)
(1-εl)Lt≤Lrt-Lt≤(1+εl)Lt (20)
In the formula, LrtRepresenting the actual power generation load, L, of the combined systemtFor planning the load, ∈lIs a load deviation tolerance limit.
In addition, the curtailed light power and the curtailed wind power should be non-negative, i.e. not negative
Pt th,S-C≥0 (21)
Pt w,W-C≥0 (22)
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, several modifications and variations can be made without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, and these modifications and variations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
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