CN116103380A - 一种生物标志物及其筛选方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种生物标志物及其筛选方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN116103380A CN116103380A CN202211248917.4A CN202211248917A CN116103380A CN 116103380 A CN116103380 A CN 116103380A CN 202211248917 A CN202211248917 A CN 202211248917A CN 116103380 A CN116103380 A CN 116103380A
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Abstract
本发明属于生物医药领域,具体涉及一种生物标志物及其筛选方法和应用。本发明提供了一种炎性抑郁症肠道菌种和短链脂肪酸(SCFAs)标志物及其应用,所述肠道菌种标志物选自粪便中的Geosporobacter_subterraneus,Gemmiger_formicilis,Romboutsia_timonens,Alistipes_ihumii等,SCFAs标志物来自外周血中的乙酸、丙酸和丁酸。本发明还提供了用于诊断炎性抑郁症的试剂盒,以及预防或治疗炎性抑郁症的组合物。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于生物医药领域,具体涉及一种生物标志物及其筛选方法和应用。
背景技术
据估计,30%的抑郁症患者与机体低水平炎性激活有关,低水平的炎性反应与抑郁症的某些核心症状和大脑结构、功能的改变有关,该亚型抑郁症被称为炎性抑郁症。进一步研究发现这类抑郁症患者对SSRIs、SNRIs等抗抑郁药物治疗反应不佳,迫切需要我们转变方向,为炎性抑郁症寻找新的治疗模式。
近年来,炎性反应在抑郁症发生发展中的作用越来越受到重视。研究发现抑郁症患者外周血中C反应蛋白(CRP)水平升高,且与大脑生物学标志物有关,包括皮质纹状体连通性的降低、基底节区谷氨酸水平的升高、脑脊液中CRP升高。外周血CRP被证实是抑郁症炎性状态最可靠和标准化的生物学标志物,当抑郁症患者外周血CRP水平高于3mg/L时被认为是炎性抑郁症,并发现该亚型抑郁症具有一定的生物学特征和临床特征。此外,炎性抑郁症患者从传统抗抑郁药物中获益较少,对抗炎药物有较好的疗效。然而,因其病因及炎性机制不明,抗炎药物的使用缺乏针对性。因此,探索炎性抑郁症的抗炎治疗的具体靶点,将成为扭转当前药物对炎性抑郁症疗效不佳现状的新方向。而解决这一问题的关键在于明确炎性的来源及致病机制。
越来越多的研究发现,肠道尤其是紊乱肠道菌群可能是抑郁症患者机体炎症的来源之一,而其代谢产物SCFAs在其免疫调节过程中起着重要的作用。
目前国内外尚未报道炎性抑郁症的肠道菌群及外周血中SCFAs特征。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供炎性抑郁症肠道菌种和SCFAs标志物;本发明还提供了用于诊断炎性抑郁症的试剂盒,以及预防或治疗抑郁症的组合物,以及生物标志物的筛选方法。
为了达到上述目的,本发明采用了下列技术方案:
一种生物标志物,包括肠道菌种和/或外周血中的短链脂肪酸,所述肠道菌种包括Geosporobacter_subterraneus、Gemmiger_formicilis、Romboutsia_timonens、Alistipes_ihumii,所述短链脂肪酸包括乙酸、丙酸和丁酸。
进一步的,所述肠道菌种还包括:Streptococcus_parasanguinis、Actinomyces_bouchesdurhonensis、Actinomyces_graevenitzii、Solobacterium_moorei、Streptococcus_pneumoniae、Fournierella_massiliensis、Fusicatenibacter_saccharivorans、Faecalibacterium_prausnitzii、Clostridium_perfringens、Alistipes_obesi、Clostridium_ventriculi、Actinomyces_odontolyticus。
生物标志物在制备筛选易患炎性抑郁症的生物样品的产品中的应用。
一种试剂盒,包括适用于检测所述生物标志物的试剂。
进一步的,还包括分析所述生物标志物是否异常的工具。
一种所述试剂盒的应用,在筛选易患炎性抑郁症的生物样品中的应用。
一种组合物,包括肠道菌种和/或外周血中的短链脂肪酸,所述肠道菌种包括Geosporobacter_subterraneus、Gemmiger_formicilis、Romboutsia_timonens、Alistipes_ihumii,所述短链脂肪酸包括乙酸、丙酸和丁酸。
进一步的,所述肠道菌种还包括:Streptococcus_parasanguinis、Actinomyces_bouchesdurhonensis、Actinomyces_graevenitzii、Solobacterium_moorei、Streptococcus_pneumoniae、Fournierella_massiliensis、Fusicatenibacter_saccharivorans、Faecalibacterium_prausnitzii、Clostridium_perfringens、Alistipes_obesi、Clostridium_ventriculi、Actinomyces_odontolyticus。
一种所述组合物的应用,在制备预防或治疗炎性抑郁症的产品上的应用。
一种所述生物标志物的筛选方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)分别收集抑郁症和正常人的粪便,提取粪便中的DNA;
(2)将DNA建库测序,获得DNA测序结果;
(3)根据DNA测序结果对肠道菌群进行分类并对菌群进行功能分析,获得功能分析结果;
(4)根据功能分析结果统计菌群种类、丰度的差异,获得差异信息;
(5)根据差异信息将其中具有显著差异的肠道菌种作为生物标志物。
与现有技术相比本发明具有以下优点:
本公开通过检测肠道微生物、外周血SCFAs和/或其组合作为炎性抑郁症诊断的依据,并提供了相应的诊断和试剂,其相较于传统的依靠症状描述及持续时间并排除其他疾病后才能凭临床经验判断的诊断方法,对炎性抑郁症诊断有较高的灵敏度和特异性;
其次,由于Geosporobacter_subterraneus、Gemmiger_formicilis、Romboutsia_timonens、Alistipes_ihumii、乙酸、丙酸和丁酸在炎性抑郁症患者体内相比于健康人有明显减少,因此可将其制备成药品或食品应用于炎性抑郁症的预防或治疗。
附图说明
图1是炎性抑郁症组、非炎性抑郁症组和健康对照组间差异菌群的LDA效应值柱状图(16SrRNA测序)。注:纵坐标为组间具有显著差异的分类单元,横坐标则以条形图直观地展示各分类单元的LDA分析对数得分值。分类单元按照得分值大小进行排序,以此描述它们在样本分组中的特异性。长度越长表明该分类单元的差异越显著,条形图的颜色指示了该分类单元所对应的丰度最高的样本分组,灰黑、灰色和黑色分别代表炎性抑郁症组、非炎性抑郁症组和健康组。
图2是炎性抑郁症组和健康对照组间差异菌群的LDA效应值柱状图(宏基因测序)。灰色和黑色分别代表炎性抑郁症组和健康组。
图3是炎性抑郁症组和健康对照组间外周血中SCFAs的差异柱状图(P≤0.05)。
图4是差异肠道菌种与hs-CRP,SCFAs,K00244,HAMD-17的相关性。黑色和灰色分别表示正相关和负相关(***:P≤0.001;**:P≤0.01;*:P≤0.05)。
图5是分别以肠道细菌和外周血SCFAs作为生物标志物,由炎性抑郁症患者和健康对照组成的接收者操作特征(Receiver Operating Characteristic,ROC)曲线和曲线下面积(Area under Curve,AUC)图。黑色和灰色分别代表差异菌种和SCFAs。
具体实施方式
除非特殊说明,本发明所用术语具有本发明所属领域中的一般含义。
为了使本技术领域的人员更好地理解本公开的方案,下面将结合本公开附图,对本公开实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅是本公开一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本公开中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本公开保护的范围。
实施例1
一种生物标志物,包括肠道菌种和/或外周血中的短链脂肪酸,所述肠道菌种包括Geosporobacter_subterraneus、Gemmiger_formicilis、Romboutsia_timonens、Alistipes_ihumii,所述短链脂肪酸包括乙酸、丙酸和丁酸。
所述肠道菌种还包括:Streptococcus_parasanguinis、Actinomyces_bouchesdurhonensis、Actinomyces_graevenitzii、Solobacterium_moorei、Streptococcus_pneumoniae、Fournierella_massiliensis、Fusicatenibacter_saccharivorans、Faecalibacterium_prausnitzii、Clostridium_perfringens、Alistipes_obesi、Clostridium_ventriculi、Actinomyces_odontolyticus。
所述生物标志物在制备筛选易患炎性抑郁症的生物样品的产品中的应用。
一种试剂盒,包括适用于检测所述生物标志物的试剂,还包括分析所述生物标志物是否异常的工具。
一种所述试剂盒的应用,在筛选易患炎性抑郁症的生物样品中的应用。
一种组合物,包括肠道菌种和/或外周血中的短链脂肪酸,所述肠道菌种包括Geosporobacter_subterraneus、Gemmiger_formicilis、Romboutsia_timonens、Alistipes_ihumii,所述短链脂肪酸包括乙酸、丙酸和丁酸。所述肠道菌种还包括:Streptococcus_parasanguinis、Actinomyces_bouchesdurhonensis、Actinomyces_graevenitzii、Solobacterium_moorei、Streptococcus_pneumoniae、Fournierella_massiliensis、Fusicatenibacter_saccharivorans、Faecalibacterium_prausnitzii、Clostridium_perfringens、Alistipes_obesi、Clostridium_ventriculi、Actinomyces_odontolyticus。
一种所述组合物的应用,在制备预防或治疗炎性抑郁症的产品上的应用。
一种所述生物标志物的筛选方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)分别收集抑郁症和正常人的粪便,提取粪便中的DNA;
(2)将DNA建库测序,获得DNA测序结果;
(3)根据DNA测序结果对肠道菌群进行分类并对菌群进行功能分析,获得功能分析结果;
(4)根据功能分析结果统计菌群种类、丰度的差异,获得差异信息;
(5)根据差异信息将其中具有显著差异的肠道菌种作为生物标志物。
实施例2
本实施例收集符合纳入、排除标准的抑郁症患者41例,并收集年龄、性别、教育年限与之相匹配的健康受试者44例。采集一般人口学资料,评估症状学量表,收集血液并分离出血浆,采用ELISA检测血浆中CRP、IL-1、IL-6、IL-10、TNF-α的水平,通过气相色谱-质谱GC-MS联用技术检测血浆中的SCFAs。收集粪便,采用16SrRNA测序技术检测肠道菌群;根据外周血CRP浓度分为炎性抑郁症组和非炎性抑郁症组,分析三组间肠道菌群差异,进一步采用二代宏基因测序技术检测炎性抑郁症和健康受试者肠道菌群,寻找出与炎性抑郁症密切相关的菌株和SCFAs。
1、研究对象:
患者来源于山西医科大学第一医院精神卫生科门诊或住院确诊的首发未治疗的抑郁症患者,健康受试者则主要通过海报、广告等方式招募。向所有受试者及法定监护人说明本项目的研究目的及研究意义,并签署知情同意书。研究同时取得山西医科大学第一医院伦理委员会批准。
抑郁组
(1)纳入标准
①符合美国精神障碍诊断与统计手册第五版(DSM-5)重性抑郁障碍诊断标准;②首发未治疗;③13岁≤年龄≤50岁;④HAMD量表(24项)总分>20分;⑤自愿参加本研究,并签署书面知情同意书。
排除标准
①患有其他精神疾病;②患有其他躯体疾病,尤其胃肠道疾病;③有严重自杀倾向者;④有酒或其他物质依赖或滥用证据者;⑤家族史:双相障碍、精神分裂症等精神疾病家族史;⑥治疗史:最近1个月内接受过抗生素、益生菌、免疫抑制剂等治疗;⑦生育史:妊娠或哺乳期女性;⑧在过去90天内已经参加过一项临床试验或在过去一年内参加过2项及以上临床试验。
对照组:通过海报、广告等方式招募的与抑郁组患者年龄、性别、教育年限等与之匹配的健康志愿者44名。
2、肠道菌群16s rRNA测序
1)利用菌群采样器采集待测样本;
2)使用宏基因组DNA提取试剂盒提取样本(如粪便)中的总DNA;
3)以细菌16S rRNA基因的V3~V4可变区序列为靶标,以带有barcode序列的338F-806R为引物(见表1),进行PCR扩增,获取PCR产物;
表1各种引物及其序列
4)PCR产物经过定量及文库构建后,利用Illumina MiSeq PE300平台(根据实际情况调整)进行高通量测序,获取细菌16S rRNA基因的V3~V4可变区碱基序列信息(根据实际情况调整);
5)利用QIIME软件,对测序序列进行质控及OTU(分类学操作单元)聚类,OUT代表序列与Greengenes数据库(或其他数据库,见表2)进行比对分析,获取OTU对应的分类单元(包括门纲目科属种)及其相应的丰度信息;
表2各序列比对数据库
6)计算Chao1、ACE、Shannon和Simpson等度量指数,评估样品中细菌菌群的丰富度和均匀度;
7)综合应用PCA分析、Metastats分析、LEfSe分析、ANOVA方差分析等方法寻找各组样品中的特征菌;
8)应用RDA分析关联菌群结构和环境因子(如动物生理生化指标),寻找与环境因子(或动物病理生理特征)存在正相关或负相关的菌群;
9)应用PICRUST软件,预测各组样本菌群的代谢功能,从中找出有差异的组分。
3、肠道菌群宏基因组测序
1)微生物组总DNA提取:采用OMEGA公司的Soil DN(目录号:D5625-01)进行抽提,并对抽提的DNA进行检测。采用Qubit 4荧光计(QubitTM 4Fluorometer,with WiFi:Q33238;QubitTM Assay Tubes:Q32856;QubitTM 1X dsDNA HS Assay Kit:Q33231)检测DNA的浓度,并用1%的琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测DNA的质量。调整DNA溶液浓度,DNA工作液保存于4℃,储存液保存于-20℃。
2)建库测序流程:采用标准的Illumina TruSeq DNA文库制备实验流程(IlluminaTruSeq DNA Sample Preparation Guide)构建所需的基因组上机文库。
实验主要流程如下:
a.DNA片段化:利用Bioruptor机器打断DNA,使其片段化。
b.DNA双末端修复:利用End Repair Mix中3’-5’核酸外切酶和聚合酶的共同作用,修复带有突出末端的DNA片段。
c.3’端引入“A”碱基:在修复平整的DNA片段3’端引入单碱基“A”。而在接头的3’末端含有单碱基“T”,从而保证DNA片断和接头能够通过“A”“T”互补配对连接,并防止接头连接DNA片段的过程中,DNA插入片断彼此相连。
d.接头连接:在连接酶的作用下,孵育含有标签的接头与DNA片段,使其相连。
e.纯化连接产物:利用磁珠,去除游离的及发生自连的接头序列,同时选择大小合适的DNA片段进行纯化,用于后续的簇生成反应。
f.富集DNA片段:利用PCR选择性地富集两端连有接头的DNA片段,同时扩增DNA文库。PCR应尽量使用较少的循环数,避免PCR扩增中文库出现错误。
g.验证文库:利用Qubit 4定量文库;并使用安捷伦(Agilent)2100对PCR富集片段进行质量控制,验证DNA文库的片段大小及分布。
h.均一化并混合文库:多样品DNA文库(multiplexed DNA libraries)均一化至10nM后等体积混合。
上机测序:将混合好的文库(10nM)稀释至合适的浓度后进行上机测序。
4、SCFAs检测
4.1试剂及仪器
4.1.1主要试剂
磷酸(国药),乙醚(国药),乙酸(sigma≥99.5%),丙酸(sigma>99.0%),丁酸(sigma>99.0%),异丁酸(sigma>99.0%),戊酸(sigma>98.0%),异戊酸(sigma>99.0%),己酸(阿拉丁≥99.5%),异己酸(sigma>98%)。
4.1.2主要仪器平台
Thermo TRACE 1310-ISQ LT气-质联用仪(Thermo,美国),涡旋仪(QL-866),冷冻离心机(湘仪,H1850R)
4.2实验方法
4.2.1标准品配置
量取乙酸、丙酸、丁酸、异丁酸、戊酸、异戊酸、己酸纯标准品适量,用乙醚配制成0.02μg/mL,0.05μg/mL,0.1μg/mL,0.2μg/mL,0.5μg/mL,1μg/mL,2μg/mL,5μg/mL,10μg/mL,25μg/mL,50μg/mL,100μg/mL十二个混合标准浓度梯度。SCFAs的信息见表1。母液及工作标准溶液均保存于0℃。
表1 SCFAs物质信息
4.2.2样品前处理
取样本200μL,加100μL15%磷酸,再加75μg/mL的内标(异己酸)溶液20μL和乙醚280μL匀浆1min,于4℃ 12000rpm离心10min,取上清上机测试。
4.2.3GC-MS检测方法
色谱条件:色谱柱Agilent HP-INNOWAX毛细管柱(30m*0.25mm ID*0.25μm);分流进样,进样量1μL,分流比10:1。进样口温度250℃;离子源温度230℃;传输线温度250℃,四极杆温度150℃。程序升温起始温度90℃;然后以10℃/min升温至120℃;再以5℃/min升温至150℃;最后以25℃/min升温至250℃维持2min。载气为氦气,载气流速1.0mL/min。
MS条件:电子轰击电离(EI)源,SIM扫描方式,电子能量70eV。
5、数据处理
采用SPSS 20.0统计软件对实验数据进行分析。计量资料结果以均数±标准差表示,采用方差分析比较3组间参数;采用T检验比较2组间的参数;采用卡方检验分析计数资料。相关性分析经检验符合正态分布的采用Pearson相关分析,不符合正态分布的采用Spearman相关分析。以双侧P<0.05表示差异有统计学意义。
6、结果
6.1、抑郁症患者炎性特征及肠道菌群特征
抑郁症患者和健康受试者间年龄、性别、教育年限及BMI指数无统计学差异,然而与健康受试者相比,抑郁组患者外周血CRP明显升高,SCFAs(乙酸、丙酸、丁酸)明显降低(P<0.05)。
肠道菌群α多样性分析发现,抑郁症患者的Simpson指数明显低于健康受试者(P=0.022);β多样性分析发现,抑郁症患者和健康受试者之间肠道微生物群落有明显的差异。
为进一步寻找抑郁症患者和健康受试者间的差异菌群,我们采用LEfSe分析发现,在属的水平上,2个菌属在抑郁症患者中高表达,分别为Deinococcus和Odoribacter;6个菌属在健康人中表达升高,分别为Bacteroides,Alistipes,Turicibacter,Clostridium,Roseburia和Enterobacter。
6.2、炎性抑郁症患者肠道菌群特征
仅有30%抑郁症患者机体呈现低级别炎性反应,为明确抑郁症患者肠道中与炎性相关的菌是否来源于炎性抑郁症患者,进一步根据血液中CRP浓度,将抑郁症患者分为炎性抑郁症组和非炎性抑郁症组,LEfSe分析发现,与非炎性抑郁症和健康对照组相比,在科水平,炎性抑郁症患者Bacteroidaceae和Porphyromonadaceae的相对丰度显著升高,Clostridiaceae相对丰度降低。在属水平上,Bacteroides、Alloscardovia、Parabacteroides、Alistipes、Herbaspirillum在炎性抑郁症患者中相对丰度较高,Clostridium、Macellibacteroides相对丰度较低。
为进一步明确与炎性抑郁症密切相关的特异菌株及其功能,我们随机选取了20例抑郁症患者和20例健康受试者的粪便进行宏基因组测序,并对其差异代谢通路进行分析发现,炎性抑郁症患者中43个菌种降低,其中Eubacterium_sp.AF36-5BH与CRP、抑郁症状明显负相关,与乙酸明显正相关;Clostridium_sp.CAG:343与抑郁症状明显负相关,与丁酸明显正相关;Oscillibacter_sp.CAG:241与抑郁症状明显负相关,与丁酸明显正相关;Clostridium_butyricum与CRP、抑郁症状明显负相关,与丁酸明显正相关;Clostridium_perfringens与CRP、抑郁症状明显负相关。炎性抑郁症患者中9个菌种升高,其中Mogibacterium_diversum与CRP、抑郁症状明显正相关。
通过对2组间功能单元比较找出差异KO,我们发现炎症抑郁组中K00244(富马酸还原酶A)的表达显著降低。将差异KO映射到KEGG的“代谢通路图(KEGG Pathway Maps)”上发现,2组间丁酸盐代谢通路存在差异(map00650),相关性分析发现,K00244丰度与HAMD-17得分呈显著负相关,与丁酸水平呈正相关,与2组间差异菌种Clostridium_sp.CAG_413;Clostridium_sp.CAG_413;Faecalibacterium_prausnitzii;Faecalibacterium_sp.OM04-11BH;Faecalibacterium_sp.AF10-46等呈正相关(图4)。
6.3、肠道宏基因组标志物和SCFAs在炎性抑郁症诊断中的潜在价值
为了明确差异肠道菌种对炎性抑郁症的诊断价值,我们先将2组间有差异的52个菌种进行Logistic逐步回归分析筛选出有价值的菌种,将这些菌种联合绘制ROC曲线,并计算出AUC作为判别模型效能评价参数,以评估肠道菌群在炎性抑郁症诊断中的潜在价值。ROC分析显示,AUC为0.921。同样我们得到SCFAs的AUC为0.743。
Claims (10)
1.一种生物标志物,其特征在于,包括肠道菌种和/或外周血中的短链脂肪酸,所述肠道菌种包括Geosporobacter_subterraneus、Gemmiger_formicilis、Romboutsia_timonens、Alistipes_ihumii,所述短链脂肪酸包括乙酸、丙酸和丁酸。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种生物标志物,其特征在于,所述肠道菌种还包括:Streptococcus_parasanguinis、Actinomyces_bouchesdurhonensis、Actinomyces_graevenitzii、Solobacterium_moorei、Streptococcus_pneumoniae、Fournierella_massiliensis、Fusicatenibacter_saccharivorans、Faecalibacterium_prausnitzii、Clostridium_perfringens、Alistipes_obesi、Clostridium_ventriculi、Actinomyces_odontolyticus。
3.权利要求1或2所述生物标志物在制备筛选易患炎性抑郁症的生物样品的产品中的应用。
4.一种试剂盒,其特征在于,包括适用于检测权利要求1或2所述生物标志物的试剂。
5.根据权利要求4所述的一种试剂盒,其特征在于,还包括分析权利要求1或2所述生物标志物是否异常的工具。
6.一种权利要求4所述试剂盒的应用,其特征在于,在筛选易患炎性抑郁症的生物样品中的应用。
7.一种组合物,其特征在于,包括肠道菌种和/或外周血中的短链脂肪酸,所述肠道菌种包括Geosporobacter_subterraneus、Gemmiger_formicilis、Romboutsia_timonens、Alistipes_ihumii,所述短链脂肪酸包括乙酸、丙酸和丁酸。
8.根据权利要求7所述的一种组合物,其特征在于,所述肠道菌种还包括:Streptococcus_parasanguinis、Actinomyces_bouchesdurhonensis、Actinomyces_graevenitzii、Solobacterium_moorei、Streptococcus_pneumoniae、Fournierella_massiliensis、Fusicatenibacter_saccharivorans、Faecalibacterium_prausnitzii、Clostridium_perfringens、Alistipes_obesi、Clostridium_ventriculi、Actinomyces_odontolyticus。
9.一种权利要求7或8所述组合物的应用,其特征在于,在制备预防或治疗炎性抑郁症的产品上的应用。
10.一种权利要求1或2所述生物标志物的筛选方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)分别收集抑郁症和正常人的粪便,提取粪便中的DNA;
(2)将DNA建库测序,获得DNA测序结果;
(3)根据DNA测序结果对肠道菌群进行分类并对菌群进行功能分析,获得功能分析结果;
(4)根据功能分析结果统计菌群种类、丰度的差异,获得差异信息;
(5)根据差异信息将其中具有显著差异的肠道菌种作为生物标志物。
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