CN116098145B - Method for prolonging storage period of cut rose flowers - Google Patents
Method for prolonging storage period of cut rose flowers Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for prolonging the storage period of China rose cut flowers, and belongs to the technical field of fresh flower preservation. The method comprises the following steps: (1) Harvesting China rose flowers, and then placing the China rose flowers into a composite nutrient solution for culture; (2) Loading China rose cut flowers into a goods shelf, placing the goods shelf into a vacuum box, starting a vacuum pump for air suction, and performing vacuum precooling treatment; the temperature is reduced from the room temperature of 25-30 ℃ to 4-5 ℃ during pre-cooling; (3) Placing China rose cut flowers in a refrigeration house at 3+/-0.5 ℃ for 1-2h; (4) Atomizing fumigation treatment is carried out on the cut rose flowers in the environment of 4 ℃; (5) After the cut rose flowers are subjected to single-beam flower packaging treatment, dipping the cross section of the cut rose flowers in a film sealing agent; (6) The rose cut flowers are put into a packing box, and the packing box is put into a refrigeration house at the temperature of 3.5+/-0.5 ℃ for storage. The method is mainly used for storing the cut rose flowers, and can enable the storage period to reach 30-40d.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of fresh flower preservation, and particularly relates to a method for prolonging the storage period of cut China rose flowers.
Background
The rose is a rose plant of Rosa of Rosaceae, china is originally produced, and the rose cut flower has unique ornamental value and becomes the commodity cut flower with the largest market trading volume in China at present.
The fresh-keeping of the cut rose flowers mainly adopts a refrigeration house for storage, and the problems of wilting, falling off, browning at the edge, rot, mold breeding, green leaf loss, no flower opening and the like of petals are easily caused in the storage process. And, ethylene induces an increase in the respiration rate of flowers, petal shedding and aging. In addition, the cut flowers are very easy to be infected by pathogenic fungi and other microorganisms due to the moisture preservation in the fresh-keeping process.
The existing China rose cut flower cold storage has a storage period of 10-15 days, and the cut flower wilting rate and the decay rate are extremely increased after the storage period exceeds 15 days. The development of a method capable of prolonging the storage period of the cut rose flowers has important significance for improving the commodity value of the cut rose flowers.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for prolonging the storage period of cut flowers of China rose, which is characterized in that the storage period of cut flowers is effectively prolonged through comprehensive regulation of various steps such as ethylene regulation, corrosion prevention, moisture preservation and the like by composite nutrient solution treatment.
The invention provides a method for prolonging the storage period of rose cut flowers, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Immediately placing the cut rose flowers into a composite nutrient solution for culturing for 1-2h after harvesting;
(2) Loading the cut rose flowers treated in the step (1) into a shelf, placing the shelf into a vacuum box, starting a vacuum pump for air suction, and carrying out vacuum precooling treatment; the temperature is reduced from the room temperature of 25-30 ℃ to 4-5 ℃ during pre-cooling;
(3) Placing the rose cut flowers treated in the step (2) in a refrigerator at the temperature of 3+/-0.5 ℃ for 1-2h;
(4) Atomizing fumigation treatment is carried out on the cut rose flowers treated in the step (3) in the environment of 4 ℃;
(5) After the cut rose flowers treated in the step (4) are subjected to single-bundle flower packaging treatment, dipping the cross sections of the cut rose flowers in a film sealing agent;
(6) And (3) placing the cut rose flowers treated in the step (5) into a packaging box, and placing the packaging box into a refrigeration house at the temperature of 3.5+/-0.5 ℃ for storage.
Further, in the step (1), the composite nutrient solution is prepared from the following raw materials,
5-10 mu mol of ramelteon, 10-30 g glucose, 5-10 g seaweed oligosaccharide, 80-120 mg aluminum sulfate, 40-60 mu mol of sodium alginate, 20-30 mu mol of carboxymethyl cellulose and 1L of acidic electrolyzed water.
Further, in the step (2), vacuum pre-cooling is carried out within 4 hours after harvesting; the time of vacuum pre-cooling is 4-5 h.
In the step (2), when the pressure of vacuum pre-cooling is 1300Pa-1500Pa, atomizing and humidifying treatment is carried out in a vacuum box by adopting humidifying liquid for 10min.
Further, in the step (2), the humidifying liquid is prepared from the following raw materials: 2-3 mu L of 1-methylcyclopropene, 200-300 mg of chlorine dioxide and 1L of water.
Further, in the step (4), carrying out atomization fumigation by using a polylysine solution; the concentration of the polylysine solution is 1500-2000 mg/L.
Further, in the step (4), the time of atomization fumigation is 30-40min.
Further, in the step (5), the film sealing agent is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 0.5-1% of nisin, 0.5-1% of natamycin and 98-99% of tung oil.
Further, in the step (6), SO is arranged in the packaging box 2 Sustained-release preservative tablet, wherein SO 2 The mass content of sodium metabisulfite in the slow-release fresh-keeping tablet is more than or equal to 67 percent.
The invention has the following advantages:
according to the method for prolonging the storage period of the cut rose flowers, disclosed by the invention, the novel composite nutrient solution is adopted to treat the cut rose flowers, so that nutrients are supplemented for the cut flowers, the later-stage water loss wilting is prevented, and an important effect is laid for subsequent freshness preservation; then vacuum pre-cooling treatment is carried out to quickly remove the heat in the field; immediately placing in a cold storage, airing the moisture on the surface of the cut flower, and adopting a bacteriostat polylysine solution to perform ethylene antagonism and preservative treatment, so as to regulate and control ethylene and inhibit microorganisms; and then the root is sealed with a film, so that the wrapping of preservative at the root in the prior art is avoided, the dosage of the preservative is saved, and finally the preservative is placed in a refrigeration house for refrigeration. The fresh cut flowers treated by the fresh-keeping method can be stored for 30-40 days, the decay rate is lower than 3%, and the weight loss rate is lower than 4%.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a sensory photograph of different treatments of fresh cut flowers according to examples and comparative examples of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the effect of the weight loss rate of fresh flowers treated differently in the fresh cut flowers of the examples and the comparative examples according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the effect of the decay rate of fresh flowers treated differently in the examples and comparative examples of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a graph showing flowering index effects of different treated fresh flowers of the fresh cut flowers according to the examples and the comparative examples of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the effect of different treatments on wilting index of fresh cut flowers according to the embodiment and the comparative example;
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the effect of different treatments on the maximum flower diameter of the fresh cut flowers according to the examples and the comparative examples of the present invention.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that, without conflict, the embodiments of the present invention and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other.
An embodiment of the present invention provides a method for prolonging a storage period of cut rose flowers, comprising the following steps:
(1) Immediately placing the cut rose flowers into a composite nutrient solution for culturing for 1-2h after harvesting;
(2) Loading the cut rose flowers treated in the step (1) into a shelf, placing the shelf into a vacuum box, starting a vacuum pump for air suction, and carrying out vacuum precooling treatment; the temperature is reduced from the room temperature of 25-30 ℃ to 4-5 ℃ during pre-cooling;
(3) Placing the rose cut flowers treated in the step (2) in a refrigerator at the temperature of 3+/-0.5 ℃ for 1-2h;
(4) Atomizing fumigation treatment is carried out on the cut rose flowers treated in the step (3) in the environment of 4 ℃;
(5) After the cut rose flowers treated in the step (4) are subjected to single-bundle flower packaging treatment, dipping the cross sections of the cut rose flowers in a film sealing agent;
(6) And (3) placing the cut rose flowers treated in the step (5) into a packaging box, and placing the packaging box into a refrigeration house at the temperature of 3.5+/-0.5 ℃ for storage.
Unlike other fruits, the cut flowers after picking are extremely easy to lack water, so that the method for prolonging the storage period of the cut flowers of China rose is provided by fully considering the characteristics of the cut flowers and the influence of factors such as ethylene, humidity and the like in the storage process.
In the embodiment of the invention, the novel composite nutrient solution provided by the invention is adopted to treat the cut rose flowers, so that nutrients and moisture are supplied to the cut rose flowers at the first time, the later stage of wilting due to water loss is prevented, and an important role is laid for the subsequent fresh keeping; then vacuum pre-cooling treatment is carried out to quickly remove the heat in the field; immediately after the cold storage is placed, adopting a bacteriostat polylysine solution to perform ethylene antagonism and preservative treatment, and regulating and controlling ethylene and inhibiting microorganisms; and then the root is sealed with a film, so that the wrapping of preservative at the root in the prior art is avoided, the dosage of the preservative is saved, and finally the preservative is placed in a refrigeration house for refrigeration. The fresh cut flowers treated by the fresh-keeping method can be stored for 30-40 days, the decay rate is lower than 3%, and the weight loss rate is lower than 4%.
In the step (1), the compound nutrient solution is prepared from the following raw materials, 5-10 mu mol of ramelteon, 10-30 g glucose, 5-10 g seaweed oligosaccharide, 80-120 mg aluminum sulfate, 40-60 mu mol of sodium alginate, 20-30 mu mol of carboxymethyl cellulose and 1L of acidic electrolyzed water. The composite nutrient solution is the composite nutrient solution provided by the invention for the first time.
The compound nutrient solution provided by the embodiment of the invention is a compound nutrient solution with a brand new formula. Wherein, the high lipophilicity of the ramelteon makes the ramelteon be easily absorbed by plant tissues, has high-efficiency oxidation resistance, and can remove active oxygen free radicals, induce protein oxidation injury repair enzyme, regulate energy metabolism and inhibit ethylene synthesis. The synergistic effect of the carboxymethyl cellulose and the sodium alginate can effectively remove emulsion, resin and the like secreted by the fresh flower section, improve the adsorption efficiency, and the aluminum sulfate can also be used for sterilization to avoid blockage of a cut flower conduit, so that water-soluble components such as glucose, seaweed oligosaccharide and water molecules can enter plant cells more easily, and the absorption of nutrient components and moisture is obviously improved. The compound nutrient solution initiated by the application is adopted for treating cut flowers at the first time after the cut flowers are picked, and a certain foundation is laid for subsequent fresh keeping treatment.
In particular, the method comprises the steps of,
rameltetamine (Ramelteteon) is used as a melatonin receptor agonist in fresh cut flower nutrient solution, and can show various effects. Firstly, ramelteon has high lipophilicity, is easy to be absorbed and stored by plant tissues, can also remove free radicals, keep cell membranes intact, regulate and control fruit ripening and aging, improve stress resistance and disease resistance, and obviously delay the postharvest aging process of gardening products. In addition, ramelteon can participate in polyphenol metabolism, carbon metabolism, ethylene synthesis and signal transduction pathways of fresh cut flowers after harvest, promote the expression of cell wall modification protein polygalacturonase genes, pectin esterase genes and expansins, and keep the hardness of flower stems. In addition, ramelteon can inhibit ethylene synthesis, induce protein oxidation injury repair enzyme, and improve energy metabolism so as to delay aging of cut flowers. Finally, ramelteon can enhance the antioxidation capability, promote the synthesis of proline and polyamine and improve the cold resistance of cut flowers. Can promote accumulation of salicylic acid and jasmonic acid, activate defensive enzyme activity and improve disease resistance of fresh flower.
The carboxymethyl cellulose has good mechanical property and degradability, can form an entangled three-dimensional network structure when dispersed in a solvent, and can generate physical and chemical actions (Van der Waals force, hydrogen bond, electrostatic acting force, hydrophobic acting force and the like) and is mainly used for adsorbing fresh flower tangent plane secretion emulsion and resin.
The sodium alginate can reduce the surface tension of water, increase the contact area between the solution and the cut flower cross section, and make the water-soluble nutrient components enter the plant cells more easily through the cross section.
When the carboxymethyl cellulose and the sodium alginate are added at the same time, the sodium alginate-carboxymethyl cellulose gel micro-polymer can be formed due to the compatibility of the carboxymethyl cellulose and the sodium alginate under low concentration, so that the adsorption efficiency of emulsion and resin in bottle inserts is improved, the blockage is prevented, and the cost is saved.
Glucose mainly provides nutrition, its solubility and its absorption properties by the plant body are much higher than those of sucrose.
The seaweed oligosaccharide is a micromolecular fragment formed by enzymatic degradation of the seaweed polysaccharide, has good seaweed oligosaccharide water solubility, can promote thickening of vascular bundles, is beneficial to improving the absorption rate of nutrient solution, and can induce stress resistance and disease resistance.
Aluminum sulfate is mainly used for sterilization and prevents microorganisms and metabolites from blocking the catheter.
Further, the preparation method of the composite nutrient solution comprises the following steps:
1) Adding glucose, trehalose and carboxymethyl cellulose into acidic electrolyzed water, and uniformly mixing;
2) Adding sodium alginate, mixing, and adjusting pH to 4.0-4.5;
3) Adding ramelteon and aluminum sulfate, mixing, and adjusting pH to 4.0-4.5 to obtain the compound nutrient solution.
Wherein the pH of the acidic electrolyzed water is 2.0-2.5.
In one embodiment of the present invention, in the step (1), the cut rose flowers are harvested, preferably at 6:00-8:00 am or at 6:00-8:00 pm. Specifically, when the cut rose flowers are harvested, 2-3 axillary buds are reserved at the basal parts of the flowers, and the cut rose flowers are sheared. Specifically, the rose variety is any one of kala, legend, plateau red and lovely one.
In the step (2), vacuum pre-cooling is carried out within 4 hours after harvesting; the time of vacuum pre-cooling is 4-5 h.
In the step (2), when the pressure of vacuum pre-cooling is 1300Pa-1500Pa, atomizing and humidifying treatment is carried out in the vacuum box by adopting humidifying liquid for 10min.
In the embodiment of the invention, a vacuum pump is started to pump air, and when the vacuum pre-cooling treatment is carried out, the initial air pressure is 1 atmosphere (101325 Pa), then the air pressure is gradually reduced, and finally the air pressure is reduced to about 600 Pa.
In one embodiment of the present invention, in the step (2), the humidifying liquid is prepared from the following raw materials: 2-3 mu L of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP), 200-300 mg of chlorine dioxide and 1L of water.
In the embodiment of the invention, the vacuum pre-cooling is combined with the physiological and pathological regulation treatment, the container filled with the fresh flowers is placed into a vacuum box within 4 hours after harvesting, and a vacuum pump is started for air suction, so that the vacuum pre-cooling treatment is performed. After the composite humidifying liquid is atomized, the concentration of 1-MCP gas generated in the vacuum box can reach 1 mu L/L, and by using the atomizing humidifying mode, not only is the water loss in the precooling process of fresh flowers prevented, but also the 1-MCP can antagonize ethylene, regulate physiology and inhibit bacteria and kill microorganisms.
In the step (3) of the embodiment of the invention, the fresh flowers subjected to the vacuum precooling combined with the physiological and pathological regulation treatment are placed in a refrigerator at the temperature of 3+/-0.5 ℃ for 1-2 hours, and the fresh flowers are mainly used for airing the surface moisture of the cut flowers and preventing the growth of pathogenic fungi in a high-humidity environment in the later storage process.
In the step (4), an atomized fumigation is performed by using a polylysine solution; the concentration of the polylysine solution is 1500-2000 mg/L. Specifically, in the step (4), the time of atomization fumigation is 30-40min.
In the step (4) of the embodiment of the invention, the bacteriostat polylysine solution is adopted for ethylene antagonism and preservative treatment, so as to further regulate and control ethylene and inhibit microorganisms.
In the step (5), the film sealing agent is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 0.5-1% of nisin, 0.5-1% of natamycin and 98-99% of tung oil.
In the embodiment of the invention, the film sealing agent is adopted for mainly killing microorganisms at the cross section of the fresh flower and preventing nutrition and water loss. Wherein, tung oil is the film forming composition, forms one deck molecular film in the cross-section, prevents that moisture from losing and external air from getting into in the corm, and nisin mainly used kills bacterium and microzyme, and natamycin mainly used kills mould, so, the microorganism in juice and the external environment that overflowed from the corm can both be killed.
Specifically, in the step (5), a single flower bundle is used for packing, wherein each single flower bundle is 10 branches.
In the step (6), the packaging box is provided with SO 2 Sustained-release preservative tablet, wherein SO 2 The mass content of sodium metabisulfite in the slow-release fresh-keeping tablet is more than or equal to 67 percent.
Specifically, the packaging box is a corrugated paper fresh flower packaging box. In the embodiment of the invention, the packaging box is used for preventing cut flowers of China rose from puncturing the air-conditioning fresh-keeping bag, and SO is arranged in the box 2 The slow-release fresh-keeping tablet (sodium metabisulfite content is more than or equal to 67%) is prepared by putting 6 bags of fresh flowers per 5kg of fresh flowers, and then sleeving a PE fresh-keeping bag outside the packaging box and fastening the bag mouth for moisture-keeping treatment. SO (SO) 2 The slow-release fresh-keeping tablet is affected by high humidity in the bag to slowly release SO during storage 2 The gas has the function of sterilization.
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Example 1A method for prolonging the storage period of cut rose flowers, comprising the following steps:
(1) Cutting 2-3 axillary buds at the basal part of the flowering branch, harvesting China rose cut flowers (the variety is kala), and immediately placing the cut flowers into a compound nutrient solution for 2h for culture;
the compound nutrient solution is prepared from the following raw materials of 10 mu mol of ramelteon, 30 g glucose, 10 g seaweed oligosaccharide, 90 mg aluminum sulfate, 60 mu mol of sodium alginate, 30 mu mol of carboxymethyl cellulose and 1L of acidic electrolyzed water (pH is 2.0);
the preparation method of the composite nutrient solution comprises the following steps:
1) Adding glucose, trehalose and carboxymethyl cellulose into acidic electrolyzed water, and uniformly mixing;
2) Adding sodium alginate, mixing, and adjusting pH to 4.0-4.5;
3) Adding ramelteon and aluminum sulfate, uniformly mixing, and regulating the pH value of the solution to 4.0-4.5 to obtain a composite nutrient solution;
(2) Loading the cut rose flowers treated in the step (1) into a shelf, placing the shelf into a vacuum box, starting a vacuum pump for pumping, performing vacuum pre-cooling treatment, and entering vacuum pre-cooling within 4 hours after harvesting; the time of vacuum pre-cooling is 4 hours; when precooling, the temperature is reduced from the room temperature of 25 ℃ to 5 ℃;
when the pressure of vacuum pre-cooling is 1300Pa, atomizing and humidifying treatment is carried out in a vacuum box by adopting humidifying liquid for 10min; the humidifying liquid is prepared from the following raw materials: 2. mu L of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP), 300mg chlorine dioxide, 1L of water;
(3) Placing the rose cut flowers treated in the step (2) in a refrigerator at the temperature of 3+/-0.5 ℃ for 2 hours;
(4) Carrying out atomization fumigation treatment on the cut rose flowers treated in the step (3) in an environment of 4 ℃; carrying out atomization fumigation by using polylysine solution; the concentration of the polylysine solution is 2000 mg/L; the atomization fumigation time is 40min;
(5) Packaging the cut rose flowers treated in the step (4) by using single flowers (10 branches per bundle), and dipping the cross section of the cut rose flowers in a film sealing agent; the film sealing agent is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 0.8% nisin, 0.5% natamycin, 98% tung oil;
(6) Putting the rose cut flowers treated in the step (5) into a packaging box, and storing the packaging box in a cold storage at 3.5+/-0.5 ℃ for later use; SO is arranged in the packing box 2 Sustained-release preservative tablet, wherein SO 2 The mass content of sodium metabisulfite in the slow-release fresh-keeping tablet is more than or equal to 67%, 6 bags are put in every 5kg of fresh flowers, and then a PE fresh-keeping bag is sleeved outside the packaging box and the mouth of the bag is fastened for moisture preservation.
Example 2
The difference from example 1 is that in step (1) 5. Mu. Mol of ramelteon is used instead of 10. Mu. Mol of ramelteon.
Comparative example 1
The difference from example 1 is that in step (2), no humidifying liquid is added during the pre-cooling process.
Comparative example 2
The difference from example 1 is that in the step (4), the atomization fumigation treatment in the step (4) is not performed.
Comparative example 3
The difference from example 1 is that in step (5), the treatment with the film sealing agent is not performed.
Comparative example 4
The difference from example 1 is that in step (5), liquid paraffin is used instead of the film sealing agent.
Comparative example 5
The difference is that in the step (6), the package is free of SO 2 Sustained-release fresh-keeping tablet.
Comparative example 6
The difference is that in the step (1), tap water is used instead of the complex nutrient solution as in the example 1.
Comparative example 7
The difference is that in the step (1), ramelteon is not added to the complex nutrient solution as in the example 1.
Test example 1Fresh-keeping effect measurement
1. Measurement index and method
(1) Average diameter of flowers
From the day of bottle insertion, each treated flower diameter was measured with a vernier caliper every 8d, and the flower diameter was represented by the maximum value of the flower diameter.
(2) Fresh weight change rate of cut flowers
From the time of inserting the cut flowers into the bottle, the fresh weight of the cut flowers was measured every 8d with an analytical balance. The calculation formula is as follows:
fresh weight change rate= (nth day fresh weight-initial fresh weight)/initial fresh weight x 100%.
The weight of the rose branches is measured by an electronic balance at fixed time every 2d from the cut flower vase to the end of the vase life by adopting a weighing method. The fresh weight change rate during bottle insertion was calculated with the fresh weight at the beginning of the treatment being 100%.
(3) Sensory photo
Shooting by using a single phase inverter.
(4) Cut vase life
After harvesting and bottle inserting of cut rose, observing and recording the ornamental quality of the cut rose every 8d, wherein the ornamental quality is divided according to the 1 st part of the GBT18247.1-2000 main flower product grade: cut flower rose standard of cut flowers takes the serious wilting of flowers, withered and shrunken petals, darkened flower color, withered stems, elbows and the like as the standard for judging that the cut flowers lose ornamental value, and the cut flowers lose ornamental value, namely the end of the life of bottle plug.
(5) Flowering index
Flowering index 1: the calyx is slightly loose, so that the method is suitable for long-distance transportation;
flowering index 2: the calyx extends out of the sepal, and can be used for long-distance and short-distance transportation;
flowering index 3: the petals of the outer layer start to loosen, so that the flower pot is suitable for close-range transportation or close sales;
flowering index 4: the petals of the inner layer start to loosen and must be sold nearby.
The flowering index calculation formula is:
flowering index = Σ (flowering level×this level of flowers)/(highest flowering level×total flowers) ×100%
(6) Rate of decay
The flower rot area is divided into 4 grades:
1 grade, the rotten area is less than 10% of the area of the flower;
2, the rotting area accounts for 10% -30% of the area of the flower;
the decay rate calculation formula is:
decay Rate = Σ (decay level×this level of flowers)/(highest decay level×total flowers) ×100%
(7) Flower stem withering index
Observing the shape of the flower stems and the flower heads:
stage 1: the bending phenomenon is avoided, and the device is in an upright state;
2 stages: part of the flower buds are bent and are easy to bend;
3 stages: flower buds are curved and have a partial open flower curvature, which is a severe curvature.
The calculating formula of the flower stem wilt index is as follows:
withering index = Σ (withering grade×this grade of flowers)/(highest withering grade×total flowers) ×100%
2. Results and analysis
After the cut flowers were subjected to fresh-keeping treatment in accordance with the methods of examples 1-2 and comparative examples 1-7, the cut flowers were measured for 40d every 8 days in accordance with the above-mentioned measurement index and method. The fresh-keeping effect of the fresh flowers is measured according to the measurement indexes and the method, and the specific results are shown below.
(1) Sensory photo of different treated fresh flowers
As can be taken from fig. 1, the cut rose flowers of comparative examples 1 to 7 had already appeared to wilt and neck at the time of cold storage 32 d; the bottle inserting effect of the rose cut flowers of the treatment groups of examples 1-2 of the refrigerating 40d is still better. The treatments of examples 1-2 are shown to be more effective in inhibiting the senescence of cut rose flowers than the other treatment groups.
(2) Influence of different treatments on the weight loss rate of fresh flowers
As can be seen from fig. 2, the trend of change was the same for all treatment groups, and the weight loss rate of rose cut flowers increased with the increase of the refrigerating time. The weight loss rates of the cut flowers of China rose of the example 1 and the example 2 are significantly lower than those of the treatment groups of the comparative examples 1 to 7 in the whole, which shows that the treatment of the example 1 and the example 2 can delay the aging of fresh flowers.
(3) Influence of different treatments on the decay rate of fresh flowers
As can be seen from fig. 3, the rot rate of the cut flowers of China rose increases with the increase of the refrigerating time, and the rot rate of the treatment groups of the embodiment 1 and the embodiment 2 is significantly lower than that of the other treatment groups after the refrigerating for 24d, which means that the treatment of the embodiment 1 and the embodiment 2 can well inhibit the respiration of the cut flowers, delay the increase rate of the rot rate of the China rose, and prolong the bottle plug life.
(4) Effect of different treatments on flowering index
As can be taken from fig. 4, the flowering-index of each group treated as a whole showed a continuously rising trend. Wherein, the flowering index of the example 1 and the example 2 after 16d refrigeration is significantly lower than that of other treatment groups, which indicates that the treatment of the example 1 and the example 2 can slow down the loosening speed of petals and the withering speed of flowers.
(5) Effect of different treatments on wilting index
As can be seen from fig. 5, the wilting index of each group treated as a whole showed a continuously rising trend, and the wilting index of the treatment groups of example 1 and example 2 was significantly lower than that of the other treatment groups. Description of the treatment in the treatment groups of examples 1 and 2 can slow down the withering and decay of flowers and slow down the rate of flower withering.
(6) Effect of different treatments on maximum flower diameter
As can be seen from fig. 6, the maximum flower diameter of each group treated as a whole showed a tendency to decrease continuously, and the maximum flower diameters of the treatment groups of example 1 and example 2 were significantly higher than those of the other treatment groups. Description the treatments of the treatment groups of example 1 and example 2 are able to maintain a larger maximum floral diameter, delaying the senescence of cut flowers.
From the above results, the treatment of example 1 and example 2 can better preserve the weight loss rate and flower diameter of cut rose flowers, reduce the rotting rate and wilting index of cut flowers, and maintain a high ornamental value of flowers in refrigeration 40d. Comparative examples 1 to 7 had a loosening of petals and a bending phenomenon at the time of cold storage for 32 d. In comparative example 1, no humidifying liquid is added in the precooling process for atomization fumigation, so that the ethylene regulation and control effect is affected. In the comparative example 2, atomization fumigation is not performed, and the fresh-keeping effect is lower than that of the humidification liquid of the invention, and then the bacteriostat polylysine solution is used for fumigation after fumigation; in comparative examples 3 to 4, the film sealing agent disclosed by the invention is not adopted, so that the water retention and corrosion resistance of cut flowers are reduced, and the fresh-keeping effect is poor; comparative example 5 where no SO was added 2 The slow-release fresh-keeping tablet affects the subsequent anti-corrosion and fresh-keeping of cut flowers; the compound nutrient solution in this application is not added in comparative example 6~7 for can't be at the very first time after adopting for cut flower supplements moisture and nutrition, influence follow-up fresh-keeping process, and then make final fresh-keeping effect not good enough. Therefore, the cut flowers are acted according to the sequence by considering the characteristics of the cut flowers, so that the final fresh-keeping effect is optimal, and the refrigerating period of the cut flowers in circulation and transportation is obviously prolonged to 40 days.
Claims (3)
1. A method for prolonging the storage period of cut rose flowers, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Immediately placing the cut rose flowers into a composite nutrient solution for culturing for 1-2h after harvesting; the compound nutrient solution is prepared from the following raw materials of 5-10 mu mol of ramelteon, 10-30 g glucose, 5-10 g seaweed oligosaccharide, 80-120 mg aluminum sulfate, 40-60 mu mol of sodium alginate, 20-30 mu mol of carboxymethyl cellulose and 1L of acidic electrolyzed water; the pH value of the composite nutrient solution is 4-4.5;
(2) Loading the cut rose flowers treated in the step (1) into a shelf, placing the shelf into a vacuum box, starting a vacuum pump for air suction, and carrying out vacuum precooling treatment; the temperature is reduced from the room temperature of 25-30 ℃ to 4-5 ℃ during pre-cooling; when the pressure of vacuum pre-cooling is 1300Pa-1500Pa, atomizing and humidifying treatment is carried out in the vacuum box by adopting humidifying liquid for 10min; the humidifying liquid is prepared from the following raw materials: 2-3 mu L of 1-methylcyclopropene, 200-300 mg of chlorine dioxide and 1L of water;
(3) Placing the rose cut flowers treated in the step (2) in a refrigerator at the temperature of 3+/-0.5 ℃ for 1-2h;
(4) Atomizing fumigation treatment is carried out on the cut rose flowers treated in the step (3) in the environment of 4 ℃; carrying out atomization fumigation by using polylysine solution; the concentration of the polylysine solution is 1500-2000 mg/L;
(5) After the cut rose flowers treated in the step (4) are subjected to single-bundle flower packaging treatment, dipping the cross sections of the cut rose flowers in a film sealing agent; the film sealing agent is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 0.5-1% of nisin, 0.5-1% of natamycin and 98-99% of tung oil;
(6) Putting the rose cut flowers treated in the step (5) into a packaging box, and storing the packaging box in a cold storage at the temperature of 3.5+/-0.5 ℃; SO is arranged in the packing box 2 Sustained-release preservative tablet, wherein SO 2 The mass content of sodium metabisulfite in the slow-release fresh-keeping tablet is more than or equal to 67 percent.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of determining the position of the substrate comprises,
in the step (2), vacuum pre-cooling is carried out within 4 hours after harvesting; the time of vacuum pre-cooling is 4-5 h.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of determining the position of the substrate comprises,
in the step (4), the atomization fumigation time is 30-40min.
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