CN116091281A - Method for dividing development stages of dam opening of barrier lake based on breaking mechanism - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for dividing the development stage of a dam burst of a dam crest based on a burst mechanism, which sequentially divides the burst process of the dam crest into a tail undercut stage, a steep sill tracing stage, a full-section undercut stage and a flushing silt balance-restoration stabilization stage according to the development form of the dam burst of the dam crest; the dividing nodes of the tail undercut phase and the abrupt bank tracing phase are as follows: the flood peak water flow forms a nearly vertical abrupt bank on the downstream dam slope of the damming body; the dividing nodes of the abrupt bank tracing stage and the full section undercut stage are as follows: when the large fall abrupt bank retrospectively develops to the drainage groove breach, the undercut of the two sides of the dam slope at the upstream of the dam body is obviously accelerated, the phenomenon of 'dragon opening' appears, and the flow channel is obviously widened; the dividing nodes of the full-section undercut phase and the flushing silt balance-recovery stabilization phase are as follows: the burst flow drops to the inflection point. The invention can effectively identify the flow state of the water burst of the barrier lake and has good scientific value.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of emergency disposal of high-risk barrier lakes in the field of mountain torrent geological disasters, in particular to a barrier lake breach development stage division method based on a breach mechanism.
Background
As a great natural disaster in the mountain gorge valley area, the barrier lake is extremely easy to block the natural river channel due to the barrier body, so that the water level of the river channel continuously rises and even overturns to form an abnormal burst flood peak, and the life and property safety of downstream coastal people is seriously endangered. The method is influenced by the dynamic flushing of the damming body by the non-constant breaking water flow, the breaking collapse of the damming body shows severe nonlinear change, the breaking process is extremely complex, and the breaking parameters show various change characteristics.
The method is subject to complex barrier lake collapse process, currently, no clear index is used for uniformly dividing the barrier lake development process, scientific researchers generally combine barrier body collapse change according to engineering experience, the barrier development process is divided into a barrier slow development stage and a barrier fast development stage in a general way, the dividing method is not used for clear measurement index, has stronger subjectivity, and is difficult to embody the barrier body collapse change, so that the barrier lake collapse process is low in resolution and recognition, and is difficult to popularize in emergency disposal of high-risk barrier lakes.
Disclosure of Invention
Compared with the traditional method for dividing the breaking process of the barrier lake, the method for dividing the development stage of the breaking mouth of the barrier lake based on the breaking mechanism can accurately divide the breaking process of the barrier lake according to the hydraulic phenomenon of the breaking development of the barrier lake.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
according to the development form of the dam opening of the dam crest, the dam breaking process of the dam crest is divided into a tail undercut phase, a steep sill tracing phase, a full-section undercut phase and a dredging balance-restoration stabilization phase in sequence;
the dividing nodes of the tail undercut phase and the abrupt bank tracing phase are as follows: the flood peak water flow forms a nearly vertical abrupt bank on the downstream dam slope of the damming body;
the dividing nodes of the steep bank tracing stage and the full section undercut stage are as follows: when the large fall abrupt bank retrospectively develops to the drainage groove breach, the undercut of the two sides of the dam slope at the upstream of the dam body is obviously accelerated, the phenomenon of 'dragon opening' appears, and the flow channel is obviously widened;
the dividing nodes of the full-section undercut phase and the flushing silt balance-recovery stabilization phase are as follows: the burst flow drops to the inflection point.
Preferably, the hydraulic characteristics of the tail undercut phase are: the water flow on the top of the dam forms a plait erosion ditch on the downstream dam slope of the dam body, large-particle sand stones form a similar side-wall phenomenon on two sides of the erosion ditch, small-scale collapse is gradually formed on two sides of the plait erosion ditch along with continuous tail cutting, the scouring flow width of the downstream dam slope of the dam body is gradually increased, and the plane presents an inverted horn shape with wide tail and gradually shrinking upstream.
Preferably, the step of tracing the steep bank is divided into two sub-stages according to the development form of the dam opening of the barrier lake: multistage abrupt bank parallel backtracking development stage and large fall abrupt bank traceable development stage.
Further, the dividing nodes of the multistage abrupt bank parallel backtracking development stage and the large-fall abrupt bank traceability development stage are as follows: the multistage parallel steeprests are mutually intersected and fused to form a single steeprest with large fall.
Further, the multistage abrupt bank parallel backtracking development stage has the hydraulic characteristics that: the dam slope downstream of the dam body forms a steep bank at first in a region with relatively weak impact flow velocity, and gradually forms multistage parallel backtracking steep banks along with the increase of the breaking flow velocity.
Further, the hydraulic characteristics of the large-fall steep bank in the traceability development stage are as follows: the multistage parallel steeples are mutually intersected and fused to form a single steep bank with a large fall, and the falling bank with the plane of being in an inverted horn shape continuously and backwardly develops and erodes the runner.
Preferably, the hydraulic characteristics of the full face undercut phase are: when the large-fall abrupt bank backtracks to the drainage groove breach, the drainage groove breach rapidly expands transversely and cuts longitudinally, the water flow and the flow speed of the breach rapidly rise, the scouring and erosion-taking capacity is remarkably enhanced, the drainage groove rapidly collapses, the flood storage water in the barrier lake is stored up, and the reservoir water level rapidly drops.
Preferably, the washout balance-restoration stabilization phase is hydraulically characterized by: and when the flow of the dam-breaking water flows is scoured and the erosion capacity is gradually reduced, the unstably collapse sand and stone materials of the side slope of the drainage groove are gradually accumulated in the drainage groove, the fine sand and stone materials are in a granular form and roll along with the scoured and rolled of the dam-breaking water flows, the coarse sand and stone materials are gradually accumulated to form a coarsened protective layer, and when the flow of the dam-breaking water flows in and out of the dam-breaking lake reaches balance, the stabilization stage is finished.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
the current barrier lake burst process is divided into stages, no quantitative index is clear, most of the burst processes are judged and defined subjectively, enough judgment basis is lacked, subjectivity exists, and the barrier lake burst development stage dividing method based on the burst mechanism mainly has the following advantages:
the system reveals a barrier lake burst mechanism, and the barrier lake burst process is divided by clear quantitative indexes or hydraulics phenomena such as the water level change of the barrier lake reservoir, the falling ridge appearing on the slope surface of the barrier, the falling ridge backtracking until the burst opening and the in-out reservoir flow reach balance, so that the barrier lake burst process stage characteristic research is facilitated, and an effective reference is provided for the accurate treatment of the emergency treatment of the high-risk barrier lake.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the flood peak of a barrier lake (before burst).
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the tail down-cutting stage.
FIG. 3 illustrates a stage of tracing the steepness (stage of parallel tracing of the multistage steepness).
Fig. 4 shows a stage of tracing the steep ridge (stage of tracing the fall of the large fall).
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a full section undercut phase ("Dragon opening" phenomenon).
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a burst flow rate variation curve.
Reference numerals: 1. flooding the water flow; 2. upstream dam slope of the dam body; 3. a top of the damming body; 4. downstream dam slope of the dam body; 5. a weir stopper; 6. a top slope of the damming body; 7. multistage abrupt bank; 8. large drop height abrupt bank; q, burst the flow; q (Q) 0 Warehousing flow; t, breaking the process time; t (T) 0 Flow rate change in burstA decreasing inflection point of the melting curve; t (T) 1 And ending the breaking process.
Detailed Description
In order that those skilled in the art will better understand the technical solutions of the present invention, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to specific examples, but it should be understood that the drawings are for illustrative purposes only and should not be construed as limiting the present patent; for the purpose of better illustrating the embodiments, certain elements of the drawings may be omitted, enlarged or reduced and do not represent the actual product dimensions; it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that some of the known methods of dividing the development of a breach of a barrier lake based on a breach mechanism in the drawings and descriptions thereof may be omitted. The positional relationship depicted in the drawings is for illustrative purposes only and is not to be construed as limiting the present patent.
Referring to fig. 1-6, the invention provides a method for dividing the development stage of a dam opening of a dam crest based on a breaking mechanism, which sequentially divides the breaking process of the dam crest into a tail undercut stage, a steep sill tracing stage, a full-section undercut stage and a flushing balance-restoring stabilization stage according to the development form of the dam opening of the dam crest, wherein dividing nodes of the tail undercut stage and the steep sill tracing stage are as follows: the flood peak water flow forms a nearly vertical abrupt bank on the downstream dam slope 4 of the damming body; the dividing nodes of the abrupt bank tracing stage and the full section undercut stage are as follows: when the large drop height abrupt bank 8 retrospectively develops to the drainage groove breach, the erosion of the slope feet at the two sides of the dam slope 2 at the upstream of the damming body is obviously accelerated, the phenomenon of 'dragon opening' appears, and the flow channel is obviously widened; the dividing nodes of the full-section undercut phase and the flushing silt balance-recovery stabilization phase are as follows: the burst flow drops to the inflection point T 0 。
The burst water flow in each characteristic stage has obvious hydraulics characteristics as follows:
(1) Tail undercut stage, see fig. 1-2:
the water level of the barrier lake reservoir is up to the top 3 of the barrier body, the water body of the flood top water flow 1 is clear, the flow speed is low, the scouring capability is weak, small rolling forward tiny particles are only seen at the bottom of the flood top water flow, but at the junction of the top 3 of the barrier body and the downstream folded slope section (namely the slope 6 at the top of the barrier body), the slope is increased, the potential energy conversion causes the rapid increase of the flow speed of the flood top water flow, the scouring capability is obviously enhanced, the downstream dam slope of the barrier body is rapidly cut down, a 'braided' erosion ditch is formed, and large-particle sand and stone materials are even scattered accumulated at two sides of the erosion ditch, so that a similar 'side-wall' phenomenon is formed. Along with the continuous progress of tail undercut, the undercut erosion starting point gradually develops to the upper reaches, and simultaneously the reservoir water level continuously is in a high status, and the flow velocity of the water flow at the top of the flood is gradually increased, and the two sides of the 'braided' erosion ditch gradually form small-scale collapse, and the downstream dam slope 4 of the damming body is gradually increased in the flushing flow width, and the plane presents a 'reverse horn' shape with the tail wide and gradually contracted to the upper reaches, and when the water flow at the top of the flood forms a nearly vertical steep bank on the downstream dam slope 4 of the damming body, the breaking process enters a steep bank tracing stage.
(2) The stage of tracing the steep bank is shown in fig. 3-4:
along with the increase of the flow velocity of the burst water flow, the stage of tracing the source of the abrupt bank can be divided into two sub-stages:
(2.1) in the parallel backtracking development stage of the multistage abrupt bank, the corresponding impact flow velocity phase difference is obvious due to the wide material structure composition of the weir stopper 5, the area with relatively weak impact flow velocity of the downstream dam slope of the weir stopper forms the abrupt bank firstly, the dam slope gradually forms the multistage parallel backtracking abrupt bank along with the increase of the breaking flow velocity, the multistage abrupt bank 7 continuously undercuts the horizontal plane and the vertical plane of the abrupt bank, so that the abrupt banks at all stages are mutually integrated and combined or eliminated to form a large-drop abrupt bank 8, and the second substage is entered.
And (2.2) continuously rising the flow velocity of the water to be collapsed, mutually converging and fusing the multistage parallel steeps to form a large-fall single steeps, further increasing the flow velocity of the water to be collapsed, wherein the upstream of the steeps is mainly clear water (only the bottom is muddy water), the flow passage is relatively narrow, the downstream of the steeps is mainly muddy water, the flow passage is obviously widened, the upstream of the falling-down-ridge continuously and reversely grows and erodes the flow passage from the plane, and when the large-fall steeps and reversely grows to the drainage groove collapse opening, the slop foot on the two sides of the dam slope 2 on the upstream of the dam plug body is obviously eroded, a 'dragon opening' phenomenon appears, the flow passage is obviously widened, and the collapse process enters the full-section downward cutting stage.
(3) Full face undercut phase, see fig. 5:
when the large-fall abrupt bank backtracks to the drainage groove breach, the drainage groove breach rapidly expands transversely and cuts downwards longitudinally, the burst water flow and velocity rapidly increase, the scouring and erosion capacity is obviously enhanced, the drainage groove rapidly collapses, the flood accumulating water in the barrier lake is stored up, the reservoir water level rapidly drops, and the burst flow is reduced to an inflection point (T) 0 ) The collapse process enters the stage of flushing and dredging balance-restoring and stabilizing.
(4) The washout equilibrium-recovery stabilization phase is shown in fig. 6:
the pending flow drops to the inflection point (T 0 ) The erosion capacity of the broken water flow is gradually reduced, the unstably collapse sand and stone materials of the side slope of the diversion trench are gradually accumulated in the diversion trench, the fine sand and stone materials are in a granular type and roll along with the broken water flow in a flushing manner, coarse sand and stone materials are gradually accumulated to form a coarsening protection layer, and the stabilization stage is finished when the flow of the dam in and out of the dam is balanced (namely, the broken flow is reduced to the storage flow Q0).
The technical scheme of the invention mainly relates to emergency treatment of high-risk barrier lakes in the field of mountain torrent geological disasters, and particularly aims at landslide type barrier lakes formed by rainfall or earthquake in mountain gorge valley areas, can effectively identify the flow state of water burst of the barrier lakes, and has good scientific value.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the above-described specific embodiment. Modifications, additions, or substitutions are possible, without departing from the scope of the invention as disclosed in the accompanying claims.
Claims (8)
1. The method is characterized in that the dam breaking process of the dam is divided into a tail undercut phase, a steep sill tracing phase, a full-section undercut phase and a flushing balance-restoration stabilization phase in sequence according to the dam breaking development form of the dam;
the dividing nodes of the tail undercut phase and the abrupt bank tracing phase are as follows: the flood peak water flow forms a nearly vertical abrupt bank on the downstream dam slope of the damming body;
the dividing nodes of the steep bank tracing stage and the full section undercut stage are as follows: when the large fall abrupt bank retrospectively develops to the drainage groove breach, the undercut of the two sides of the dam slope at the upstream of the dam body is obviously accelerated, the phenomenon of 'dragon opening' appears, and the flow channel is obviously widened;
the dividing nodes of the full-section undercut phase and the flushing silt balance-recovery stabilization phase are as follows: the burst flow drops to the inflection point.
2. The method for dividing the development stage of the breach of the barrier lake based on the breach mechanism as claimed in claim 1, wherein the hydraulic characteristics of the tail undercut stage are as follows: the water flow on the top of the dam forms a plait erosion ditch on the downstream dam slope of the dam body, large-particle sand stones form a similar side-wall phenomenon on two sides of the erosion ditch, small-scale collapse is gradually formed on two sides of the plait erosion ditch along with continuous tail cutting, the scouring flow width of the downstream dam slope of the dam body is gradually increased, and the plane presents an inverted horn shape with wide tail and gradually shrinking upstream.
3. The method for dividing the development stage of the dam opening of the barrier lake based on the breaking mechanism as claimed in claim 1, wherein the source tracing stage of the abrupt bank is divided into two sub-stages according to the development form of the dam opening of the barrier lake: multistage abrupt bank parallel backtracking development stage and large fall abrupt bank traceable development stage.
4. A method for dividing the development stages of the breach of a barrier lake based on a collapsibility mechanism according to claim 3, wherein the dividing nodes of the parallel backtracking development stages of the multistage steeply sills and the source-tracking development stages of the large-fall steeply sills are as follows: the multistage parallel steeprests are mutually intersected and fused to form a single steeprest with large fall.
5. A method of dividing the development stage of a breach of a barrier lake based on a collapsibility mechanism according to claim 3, wherein the parallel backtracking development stage of the multistage abrupt bank has the hydrodynamic characteristics that: the dam slope downstream of the dam body forms a steep bank at first in a region with relatively weak impact flow velocity, and gradually forms multistage parallel backtracking steep banks along with the increase of the breaking flow velocity.
6. The method for dividing the development stage of the breach of the barrier lake based on the collapsibility mechanism according to claim 3, wherein the hydraulic characteristics of the large-fall abrupt bank tracing development stage are as follows: the multistage parallel steeples are mutually intersected and fused to form a single steep bank with a large fall, and the falling bank with the plane of being in an inverted horn shape continuously and backwardly develops and erodes the runner.
7. The method for dividing the development stage of the breach of the barrier lake based on the breach mechanism as claimed in claim 1, wherein the hydraulic characteristics of the full-face undercut stage are as follows: when the large-fall abrupt bank backtracks to the drainage groove breach, the drainage groove breach rapidly expands transversely and cuts longitudinally, the water flow and the flow speed of the breach rapidly rise, the scouring and erosion-taking capacity is remarkably enhanced, the drainage groove rapidly collapses, the flood storage water in the barrier lake is stored up, and the reservoir water level rapidly drops.
8. The method for dividing the development stage of the breach of the barrier lake based on the breach mechanism as claimed in claim 1, wherein the hydraulic characteristics of the erosion balance-restoration stabilization stage are as follows: and when the flow of the dam-breaking water flows is scoured and the erosion capacity is gradually reduced, the unstably collapse sand and stone materials of the side slope of the drainage groove are gradually accumulated in the drainage groove, the fine sand and stone materials are in a granular form and roll along with the scoured and rolled of the dam-breaking water flows, the coarse sand and stone materials are gradually accumulated to form a coarsened protective layer, and when the flow of the dam-breaking water flows in and out of the dam-breaking lake reaches balance, the stabilization stage is finished.
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| CN117933670A (en) * | 2024-03-22 | 2024-04-26 | 长江勘测规划设计研究有限责任公司 | Emergency scheduling design method for upstream and downstream water reservoirs of barrier lake |
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| CN117933670A (en) * | 2024-03-22 | 2024-04-26 | 长江勘测规划设计研究有限责任公司 | Emergency scheduling design method for upstream and downstream water reservoirs of barrier lake |
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