CN116087775A - Method for evaluating safety state of battery and battery management system - Google Patents
Method for evaluating safety state of battery and battery management system Download PDFInfo
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- CN116087775A CN116087775A CN202111304158.4A CN202111304158A CN116087775A CN 116087775 A CN116087775 A CN 116087775A CN 202111304158 A CN202111304158 A CN 202111304158A CN 116087775 A CN116087775 A CN 116087775A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/389—Measuring internal impedance, internal conductance or related variables
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/392—Determining battery ageing or deterioration, e.g. state of health
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for evaluating the safety state of a battery, comprising: a first step (S1) in which detection data representing the real-time state of the battery is acquired, a second step (S2) in which the acquired detection data is subjected to data processing (S21-S28), a third step (S3) in which a comprehensive analysis is performed on the basis of the result of the data processing, thereby obtaining a risk assessment result (S3), and a fourth step (S4) in which countermeasures are performed on the basis of the obtained risk assessment result, the risk assessment result being capable of indicating whether the battery is in different risk stages, the countermeasures being different depending on the different risk stages. The invention also relates to a battery management system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method and a battery management system for evaluating the safety state of a battery, in particular a lithium ion battery.
Background
Various lithium ion batteries are known in the prior art, which can be applied in the field of stationary energy storage, such as wind power generation, photovoltaic, 5G base stations, etc., and also in mobile devices, for example as power batteries for vehicles, etc.
Methods and systems for battery management in which an assessment is made of the safety state of a battery. For example, CN110323805a discloses a battery management module and circuit; the battery protection and electric quantity calculation unit performs overcharge protection and overheat protection on the battery, calculates the electric quantity of the battery and detects the state of the battery, so that the temperature, the voltage and the like of the battery are detected, and the service life and the safety of the battery are prolonged; after the battery protection and electric quantity calculation unit detects that the battery meets the normal working state, the unidirectional switch unit is controlled to conduct forward, so that the electric energy of the battery is transmitted to the electric energy output unit, and power supply output is realized.
CN113410520a discloses a method for improving the thermal abuse safety performance of a flexible package lithium ion battery, which comprises covering an empty foil area of a metal current collector with high heat conductivity coefficient of the head of a positive and negative plate with a dislocation structure with a thin adhesive tape, and increasing the expansion space of gas generated in the battery in the thermal abuse test process; selecting positive and negative lugs of the metal belt subjected to edging treatment to improve the packaging strength of the top edging lug and the adjacent areas thereof; the reserved positions in the top sealing edge, the side sealing edge and the two sealing edges are kept at a larger level, so that the expansion space of gas generated in the battery in the process of heat abuse testing can be increased, and the tightness of the battery is not easy to damage; and selecting a ceramic diaphragm with smaller heat shrinkage rate as an isolating film of the positive and negative plates. The method can greatly improve the passing rate of the thermal abuse test of the battery model which rapidly generates a large amount of gas in the thermal abuse test process.
CN113412208A discloses a method for determining an operating parameter indicative of a power capacity of an Energy Storage System (ESS) of a vehicle, wherein the method comprises the steps of: determining a state temperature of the ESS; determining an allowable temperature rise value for the ESS over a given period of time based on the determined state temperature of the ESS and a maximum temperature threshold for the ESS that is indicative of either a safe temperature level of the ESS and an operational lifetime temperature level of the ESS; and determining a maximum operating power level of the ESS for the given period of time based on the determined allowable temperature rise value of the ESS.
In the prior art, dangerous situations are estimated only through voltage, temperature and current detection of a battery, so that the estimation is not accurate and timely. On the other hand, the prior art methods often evaluate only one safety condition, and cannot comprehensively evaluate the safety state of the battery.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems that: a method for evaluating the safety state of a battery and a battery management system are provided, which can realize timely, accurate and comprehensive evaluation of the safety state and can improve the accuracy of battery life estimation.
According to the present invention, a method for safety state evaluation of a battery includes:
a first step, in which detection data representative of the real-time state of the battery are acquired,
a second step in which the acquired detection data is subjected to data processing,
a third step in which comprehensive analysis is performed based on the result of the data processing, thereby obtaining a risk assessment result,
a fourth step in which countermeasures are performed based on the obtained risk assessment result,
it is characterized in that the method comprises the steps of,
the risk assessment results can indicate whether the battery is in different dangerous phases, the countermeasures being different according to the dangerous phases.
According to the method of the invention, different dangerous phases of the battery are distinguished and corresponding countermeasures are respectively taken, so that the full-time coverage from early warning to single thermal runaway warning is realized. Therefore, the thermal runaway can be handled earlier by corresponding evaluation and handling in an early stage when the thermal runaway has not occurred, thereby improving the service life of the battery.
According to a preferred embodiment, the different hazard phases comprise one or more of the following phases: abuse phase, self-heating phase, thermal runaway phase.
According to a preferred embodiment, the countermeasures taken for the abuse phase include limiting charge-discharge and/or limiting power output, or the countermeasures taken for the self-heating phase include active cooling with a thermal management system, or the countermeasures taken for the thermal runaway phase include issuing an alarm and/or activating a fire extinguishing operation.
According to a preferred embodiment, the detection data comprises one or more of the following data: strain amount data, battery temperature data, charge-discharge current data, battery internal impedance data, battery case deformation data, battery voltage data, gas concentration data, and gas pressure data of the battery module case.
According to a preferred embodiment, the second step comprises a plurality of sub-steps, in which different detection data are processed separately.
According to a preferred embodiment, the plurality of sub-steps are performed in parallel.
According to a preferred embodiment, the analysis result is derived from only a part of the data processing results.
According to a preferred embodiment, the risk assessment result is derived from strain data of the battery module housing alone, and/or
Deriving risk assessment results based solely on battery temperature data, and/or
Deriving risk assessment results based solely on charge-discharge current data, and/or
Deriving risk assessment results based solely on impedance data within the battery, and/or
Deriving risk assessment results based solely on battery case deformation data, and/or
Deriving risk assessment results based solely on battery voltage data, and/or
Deriving risk assessment results based solely on gas concentration data, and/or
The risk assessment results are derived from the gas pressure data alone.
According to a preferred embodiment, in a third step, all data processing results are analyzed in combination to obtain a risk assessment result.
The invention also relates to a battery management system comprising a controller for implementing the method of the invention.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of a method according to the invention.
Detailed Description
A method for safety state evaluation of a battery and a battery management system according to the present invention will be described below by way of specific embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the exemplary embodiments can be embodied in many forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein; rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the concept of the exemplary embodiments to those skilled in the art.
Fig. 1 shows a flow chart of the method according to the invention. First, in a first step S1, detection data of each detection device is transferred to a controller of a battery management system. In this example, the detection apparatus includes: the device comprises a battery module strain sensor, a battery temperature monitoring device, a charge and discharge current monitoring device, a battery internal impedance monitoring device, a battery shell deformation monitoring device, a battery voltage sensor, a gas concentration sensor and a gas pressure sensor.
Preferably, the battery module stress sensor is a strain gauge attached to the battery module housing that communicates strain gauge data of the battery module housing to a controller of the battery management system. The battery temperature monitoring device may include one or more temperature sensors that communicate temperature data sensed by the monitored device to the controller. Preferably, a plurality of temperature sensors may be provided and a plurality of temperature values are communicated to the controller. The charge-discharge current monitoring device is used for monitoring the charge current and the discharge current of the battery and transmitting the charge-discharge current data to the controller. The internal battery impedance monitoring device is used for detecting or calculating the internal battery impedance, for example, the internal battery impedance monitoring device can comprise a voltage sensor and a current sensor, and the internal battery impedance is calculated based on the measurement data of the voltage sensor and the current sensor, and finally the internal battery impedance is transmitted to the controller. Or the related original data can be transmitted to the controller, and then the internal impedance value can be obtained by the controller. The battery case deformation monitoring device detects, for example, local deformation of the case of the battery as a whole, such as, specifically, acceleration, vibration, stress, and the like of the battery case. The battery voltage sensor detects, for example, a cell voltage of each battery cell. The gas concentration sensor monitors, for example, the concentration of carbon dioxide and organic volatiles inside the cell and transmits gas concentration data to the controller. The body pressure sensor monitors, for example, the gas pressure inside the battery and transmits the gas pressure data to the controller.
In a second step S2, the controller of the battery management system processes the received respective detection data. The second step includes a plurality of sub-steps S21 to S28 in which different detection data are processed, respectively. In substep S21, the controller processes strain data of the battery module case. For example, the strain amount data is compared with a first strain threshold, a second strain threshold, and a third strain threshold to determine the range in which the strain amount data lies. Thus, for example, a strain amount evaluation value of a certain dimension can be obtained. For example, if the strain amount data is smaller than the first strain threshold value, the strain amount evaluation value is specified to be 0. If the strain amount data is greater than the first strain threshold value and less than the second strain threshold value, the strain amount evaluation value is specified to be 1. If the strain amount data is greater than the second strain threshold value and less than the third strain threshold value, the strain amount evaluation value is specified to be 2. If the strain data is greater than the third strain threshold, the predetermined strain evaluation value is 3, although other suitable evaluation methods are also contemplated.
In substep S22, the controller processes the temperature data of the battery. For the case where there are multiple temperature data, a model or algorithm may be utilized to derive the processed temperature values. For example, the processed temperature value is compared with a first temperature threshold value and a second temperature threshold value, thereby determining the range in which the temperature value is located. Thus, for example, a temperature evaluation value of a dimensionless number can be obtained. For example, if the temperature value is smaller than the first strain threshold value, the temperature evaluation value is specified to be 0. If the temperature value is greater than the first strain threshold and less than the second strain threshold, the temperature evaluation value is specified to be 1. If the temperature value is greater than the second strain threshold and less than the third strain threshold, the specified temperature evaluation value is 2. If the temperature value is greater than the third strain threshold, the prescribed temperature evaluation value is 3. Alternatively, the rate of change of the temperature value may be evaluated, for example, when the rate of change of the temperature value is greater than the temperature change rate threshold value, the temperature evaluation value is 4. Of course, other suitable evaluation methods are also conceivable.
In substep S23, the controller processes charge-discharge current data of the battery. For example, it is determined whether or not there is a charge-discharge current abnormality, for example, if the charge or discharge speed is too high, it is considered that there is a charge-discharge current abnormality. Similarly, a charge-discharge evaluation value of a dimensionless number can be obtained. For example, if there is no abnormality in the charge-discharge current, the charge-discharge evaluation value is specified to be 0. If there is an abnormality in the charge-discharge current, the charge-discharge evaluation value is specified to be 1. Of course, other suitable evaluation methods are also conceivable.
In substep S24, the controller processes the received in-battery impedance data. For example, it is determined whether there is an internal impedance abnormality. Likewise, an internal impedance evaluation value of a dimensionless number can be obtained. For example, if there is no internal impedance abnormality, the internal impedance value is specified to be 0. If there is an internal impedance abnormality, an internal impedance evaluation value of 1 is specified. Of course, other suitable evaluation methods are also conceivable.
In substep S25, the controller processes the battery case deformation data. For example, it is determined whether there is a battery case limit deformation, for example, if there is a great acceleration, vibration, or strain in the battery case, the battery case limit deformation is considered to exist. Similarly, a charge-discharge evaluation value of a dimensionless number can be obtained. For example, if there is no battery case limit deformation, the battery case deformation evaluation value is specified to be 0. If there is a battery case limit deformation, the battery case deformation evaluation value is specified to be 1. Of course, other suitable evaluation methods are also conceivable.
In sub-step S26, the controller processes the gas concentration data. For example, it is determined whether or not there is an abnormality in the gas concentration. Likewise, a dimensionless gas concentration evaluation value can be obtained. For example, if there is no abnormality in the gas concentration, the gas concentration evaluation value is specified to be 0. If there is an abnormality in the gas concentration, the gas concentration evaluation value is specified to be 1. Of course, other suitable evaluation methods are also conceivable.
In sub-step S27, the controller processes the gas pressure data. For example, it is determined whether there is a gas pressure abnormality. Likewise, a dimensionless gas pressure evaluation value can be obtained. For example, if there is no abnormality in the gas pressure, the gas pressure evaluation value is specified to be 0. If there is an abnormality in the gas pressure, the gas pressure evaluation value is specified to be 1. Of course, other suitable evaluation methods are also conceivable.
In substep S28, the controller processes the data of the battery voltage. For example, it is determined whether there is a battery voltage abnormality. For example, when there is a cell voltage drop of more than 25%, it is determined that there is such a cell voltage abnormality. Likewise, a non-dimensional battery voltage evaluation value can be obtained. For example, if there is no abnormality in the battery voltage, the battery voltage evaluation value is specified to be 0. If there is a cell voltage abnormality, the gas pressure evaluation value is specified to be 1. Of course, other suitable evaluation methods are also conceivable.
As shown in fig. 1, the sub-steps S21 to S28 are performed in parallel in the present embodiment, but it is also conceivable to sequentially perform these steps in a certain order. Or some of the sub-steps may be performed in parallel with each other, but some of the sub-steps may be performed serially.
After the execution of the second step S2, the process proceeds to a third step S3, in which the processing result of the second step S2 is comprehensively analyzed, so that, for example, a risk assessment result is obtained. The risk assessment results: whether the battery is in a different dangerous phase. The dangerous phases include, for example, an abuse phase, a self-heating phase, and a thermal runaway phase.
In this case, for example, the comprehensive analysis result may be obtained by using only a part of the evaluation index or the evaluation value.
For example, the abuse phase is determined to exist when the strain evaluation value is 1, the spontaneous heating phase is determined to exist when the strain evaluation value is 2, and the thermal runaway phase is determined to exist when the strain evaluation value is 3.
For example, the abuse phase is determined to exist when the temperature evaluation value is 1, the spontaneous heating phase is determined to exist when the temperature evaluation value is 2, and the thermal runaway phase is determined to exist when the temperature evaluation value is 3 or 4.
For example, it is determined that there is an abuse phase when the charge-discharge evaluation value is 1.
For example, the abuse phase is determined to exist when the internal impedance value is 1.
For example, it is determined that there is an abuse phase when the battery case deformation evaluation value is 1.
For example, when the gas concentration evaluation value is 1, it is determined that the self-heating stage exists.
For example, it is determined that there is a thermal runaway stage when the gas pressure evaluation value is 1.
For example, it is determined that there is a thermal runaway stage when the gas pressure evaluation value is 1.
However, the determination of the dangerous situation may be made comprehensively based on the above processing results, for example, comprehensive analysis, such as weighted evaluation, is made for a plurality of or all of the results in S21 to S28, thereby deriving the corresponding dangerous stage determination.
Then, in a fourth step S4, corresponding countermeasures are performed according to the risk assessment result obtained in the third step S3. For example, if an abuse phase occurs, charge and discharge are limited and/or power output is limited. If a self-heating phase occurs, active cooling is performed using a thermal management system. If a thermal runaway phase occurs, an alarm is raised and/or a fire extinguishing operation is activated. Of course, other countermeasures are also contemplated, such as, but not limited to, raising a corresponding phase alert for each dangerous phase, and the like.
By setting a three-level phase management strategy and corresponding countermeasures, on the one hand, the dangerous state of thermal management can be perceived in the early stage when thermal runaway does not occur yet. On the other hand, the active safety control measures can be adopted in a targeted way, so that a safer power management strategy is realized.
The invention further relates to a battery management system comprising a controller for performing the method according to the invention and a detection device.
Other embodiments of the invention will readily occur to those skilled in the art upon consideration of the above disclosure of embodiments. This application is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of the invention following, in general, the principles of the invention and including such departures from the present disclosure as come within known or customary practice within the art to which the invention pertains. It is intended that the specification and examples be considered as exemplary only, with a true scope and spirit of the invention being indicated by the following claims.
Claims (10)
1. A method for safety state assessment of a battery, the method comprising:
a first step (S1) in which detection data representative of the real-time state of the battery are acquired,
a second step (S2) in which the acquired detection data is subjected to data processing (S21-S28),
a third step (S3) in which comprehensive analysis is performed based on the result of the data processing, thereby obtaining a risk assessment result (S3),
a fourth step (S4) in which countermeasures are performed based on the obtained risk assessment result,
it is characterized in that the method comprises the steps of,
the risk assessment results can indicate whether the battery is in different dangerous phases, the countermeasures being different according to the dangerous phases.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the different hazard phases comprise one or more of the following phases: abuse phase, self-heating phase, thermal runaway phase.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein countermeasures taken for the abuse phase include limiting charge-discharge and/or limiting power output, or for the self-heating phase include active cooling with a thermal management system, or for the thermal runaway phase include issuing an alarm and/or activating a fire extinguishing operation.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the detection data comprises one or more of the following:
strain amount data, battery temperature data, charge-discharge current data, battery internal impedance data, battery case deformation data, battery voltage data, gas concentration data, and gas pressure data of the battery module case.
5. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the second step comprises a plurality of sub-steps (S21-S28), in which different detection data are processed separately.
6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that the plurality of sub-steps (S21-S28) are performed in parallel.
7. The method according to claim 4, wherein in the third step, the analysis result is obtained based on only a part of the data processing result.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein the step of determining the position of the probe is performed,
deriving risk assessment results based solely on strain data of the battery module housing, and/or
Deriving risk assessment results based solely on battery temperature data, and/or
Deriving risk assessment results based solely on charge-discharge current data, and/or
Deriving risk assessment results based solely on impedance data within the battery, and/or
Deriving risk assessment results based solely on battery case deformation data, and/or
Deriving risk assessment results based solely on battery voltage data, and/or
Deriving risk assessment results based solely on gas concentration data, and/or
The risk assessment results are derived from the gas pressure data alone.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein in the third step, all data processing results are comprehensively analyzed to obtain a risk assessment result.
10. A battery management system comprising a controller for implementing the method according to any one of claims 1-9.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN116338499A (en) * | 2023-05-26 | 2023-06-27 | 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 | Method, apparatus and computer storage medium for detecting battery |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN116338499A (en) * | 2023-05-26 | 2023-06-27 | 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 | Method, apparatus and computer storage medium for detecting battery |
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