CN113437371A - Early warning system and early warning method for thermal runaway of lithium ion battery of new energy automobile - Google Patents

Early warning system and early warning method for thermal runaway of lithium ion battery of new energy automobile Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113437371A
CN113437371A CN202110543795.0A CN202110543795A CN113437371A CN 113437371 A CN113437371 A CN 113437371A CN 202110543795 A CN202110543795 A CN 202110543795A CN 113437371 A CN113437371 A CN 113437371A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
lithium ion
ion battery
early warning
thermal runaway
temperature
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CN202110543795.0A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
抄佩佩
戴宏亮
唐洪
程端前
胡阳鸣
王祎嵽
张芮源
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Hunan University
China Automotive Engineering Research Institute Co Ltd
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Hunan University
China Automotive Engineering Research Institute Co Ltd
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Priority to CN202110543795.0A priority Critical patent/CN113437371A/en
Publication of CN113437371A publication Critical patent/CN113437371A/en
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/4285Testing apparatus
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/425Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/48Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
    • H01M10/486Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte for measuring temperature
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/425Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
    • H01M2010/4271Battery management systems including electronic circuits, e.g. control of current or voltage to keep battery in healthy state, cell balancing
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/425Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
    • H01M2010/4278Systems for data transfer from batteries, e.g. transfer of battery parameters to a controller, data transferred between battery controller and main controller
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries

Abstract

The invention discloses a thermal runaway early warning system for a lithium ion battery of a new energy automobile, which comprises the following components: the device comprises an electric signal monitoring unit for monitoring an electric signal, a temperature monitoring unit for monitoring a temperature signal, a microprocessor for sampling and collecting the electric signal and the temperature signal to judge the state of the lithium ion battery and send a corresponding control instruction, a controller for receiving the control instruction and an alarm for sending an alarm. The invention also provides a thermal runaway early warning method for the lithium ion battery of the new energy automobile. The invention has the beneficial effects that: the lithium ion battery thermal runaway phenomenon of the lithium ion battery under different conditions can be judged and identified by monitoring the charging and discharging electric signals and the battery temperature, early warning can be timely made according to monitoring results, a user can be informed of timely processing, and the battery safety system is suitable for various new energy vehicles.

Description

Early warning system and early warning method for thermal runaway of lithium ion battery of new energy automobile
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of new energy vehicles, in particular to a new energy vehicle lithium ion battery thermal runaway early warning system and method.
Background
Since the 20 th century and the 70 th era, lithium ion batteries have been developed rapidly, and have been widely used in many fields such as digital products and household electrical appliances due to their advantages of large specific energy, high output voltage, long cycle life, and the like. With the increasing severity of energy problems in recent 10 years, lithium ion batteries have been rapidly developed in electric vehicles and electrochemical energy storage. However, the lithium ion battery itself has a safety hazard that cannot be ignored, and as the indexes such as energy density of the lithium ion battery are improved, the safety problem of the lithium ion battery is more acute. By 9 months in 2019, more than 40 electric vehicle safety problems are reported in China. The safety problem of batteries has received much attention in recent years, and improving the safety performance of lithium ion batteries has also become an important direction for battery research and development.
At present, most of new energy automobile power battery pack safety early-warning devices comprise a microprocessor, a sampling channel and an acousto-optic early-warning circuit, wherein the sampling channel is connected to a shell of an electric automobile power battery pack installation box in series, the microprocessor sends high electric frequency to the sampling channel to start the sampling channel, sampled data are fed back to the microprocessor, whether a fault phenomenon occurs or not is judged by the microprocessor, and then the acousto-optic early-warning circuit is controlled to carry out acousto-optic early warning. However, the following problems generally exist in the current battery pack safety precaution device:
1) only considering the condition that the battery is short-circuited with the installation box and the vehicle body, the battery pack is short-circuited, and thermal runaway of the battery is further caused. In fact, the battery failure and fire explosion are induced, the actual early warning effect cannot be fully realized due to severe external conditions (such as overhigh temperature in a battery box), overcharge and overdischarge of a battery monomer, battery puncture and the like, the temperature in a battery pack is a key monitoring point, and other monitoring values comprise battery voltage and current and the like;
2) after the data are collected, the processor has simpler judgment logic for the battery condition, and the reliability of the early warning system has improved space.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention discloses a thermal runaway early warning system for a lithium ion battery of a new energy automobile, which can effectively solve the technical problems related to the background technology.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the utility model provides a new energy automobile lithium ion battery thermal runaway early warning system, includes:
the electric signal monitoring unit is arranged in the lithium ion battery pack and is used for monitoring electric signals;
the temperature monitoring unit is arranged in the lithium ion battery pack and used for monitoring a temperature signal;
the microprocessor is connected with the electric signal monitoring unit and the temperature monitoring unit, the microprocessor is based on a softmax regression model, cross entropy is adopted when two functions of probability distribution difference measurement are measured, a cross entropy damage function is established, then model training is carried out through repeated iteration model parameters, in each iteration, according to a currently read small batch of data samples, a small batch of random gradients are calculated through calling a reverse function, optimization algorithm iteration model parameters are called to judge the state of the lithium ion battery according to the electric signals and the temperature signals collected through sampling, and corresponding control instructions are sent out; and
the controller is connected with the microprocessor and receives the control instruction, and controls the alarm to give an alarm when a thermal runaway phenomenon occurs.
As a preferable improvement of the present invention, the electrical signal monitoring unit includes an electrical signal acquisition unit, and the electrical signal acquisition unit is configured to acquire an electrical signal of the lithium ion battery in real time so as to monitor the electrical signal of the lithium ion battery.
As a preferred improvement of the present invention, the temperature monitoring unit includes a thermal sensor unit, and the thermal sensor unit is configured to collect a temperature signal of the lithium ion battery in real time so as to monitor the temperature signal of the lithium ion battery.
As a preferable improvement of the present invention, the electrical signal includes a charge and discharge voltage and current of the lithium ion battery.
As a preferred improvement of the invention, the conditions include battery puncture, battery overcharge, high battery temperature, and severe thermal runaway of the battery.
As a preferred refinement of the invention, the alarm includes a puncture alarm, an overcharge alarm, a high-temperature alarm, and an emergency alarm.
The invention also provides an early warning method of the new energy automobile lithium ion battery thermal runaway early warning system, which comprises the following steps:
the electric signal monitoring unit and the temperature monitoring unit respectively monitor the electric signal and the temperature signal of the lithium ion battery and feed back the electric signal and the temperature signal to the microprocessor in real time;
the microprocessor is based on a softmax regression model, cross entropy is adopted when two functions of probability distribution difference measurement are measured, a cross entropy damage function is established, then model training is carried out through multiple times of iteration model parameters, in each iteration, according to a currently read small batch of data samples, a small batch of random gradients are calculated through calling a reverse function, an optimization algorithm iteration model parameter is called to judge the state of the lithium ion battery according to the electric signals and the temperature signals collected by sampling, and corresponding control instructions are sent out;
the controller receives the control instruction and controls the alarm to give an alarm when the thermal runaway phenomenon occurs.
As a preferable improvement of the present invention, the electrical signal includes a charge and discharge voltage and current of the lithium ion battery.
As a preferred improvement of the invention, the conditions include battery puncture, battery overcharge, high battery temperature, and severe thermal runaway of the battery.
As a preferred refinement of the invention, the alarm includes a puncture alarm, an overcharge alarm, a high-temperature alarm, and an emergency alarm.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. monitoring relevant parameters such as temperature and electric signals in the lithium battery in real time, monitoring charging and discharging voltage and battery temperature of the lithium battery, and giving early warning according to the monitored parameter signals so as to inform a user of timely processing;
2. the comprehensive monitoring signal judges the thermal runaway type of the battery, then triggers the early warning device, sends different alarms according to different thermal runaway conditions of the battery to inform a driver to process, and effectively takes measures before the battery has a major fault, so that personal accidents can be effectively avoided, and unnecessary loss is reduced;
3. when the thermal runaway type of the battery is judged, a neural network algorithm is adopted, and the state of the lithium ion automobile battery is judged by comprehensively collecting temperature signals and electric signals, so that the reliability of an early warning system is greatly improved;
4. the flow is simple, actual operation and installation are very convenient, and problems can be more conveniently found out when the early warning system cannot normally work.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments are briefly introduced below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without inventive efforts, wherein:
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a thermal runaway early warning system for a lithium ion battery of a new energy automobile according to the invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of an artificial intelligence algorithm;
fig. 3 is a working flow chart of the thermal runaway early warning system for the lithium ion battery of the new energy automobile.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the following embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that all the directional indicators (such as up, down, left, right, front, and rear … …) in the embodiment of the present invention are only used to explain the relative position relationship between the components, the movement situation, etc. in a specific posture (as shown in the drawing), and if the specific posture is changed, the directional indicator is changed accordingly.
In addition, the descriptions related to "first", "second", etc. in the present invention are only for descriptive purposes and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means at least two, e.g., two, three, etc., unless specifically limited otherwise.
In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, the terms "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly, and for example, "secured" may be a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral part; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be directly connected or indirectly connected through intervening media, or they may be connected internally or in any other suitable relationship, unless expressly stated otherwise. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
In addition, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention may be combined with each other, but it must be based on the realization of those skilled in the art, and when the technical solutions are contradictory or cannot be realized, such a combination of technical solutions should not be considered to exist, and is not within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1, the invention provides a thermal runaway early warning system for a lithium ion battery of a new energy vehicle, which includes an electrical signal monitoring unit 1, a temperature monitoring unit 2, a microprocessor 3, a controller 4 and an alarm 5, wherein the electrical signal monitoring unit 1, the temperature monitoring unit 3 and the controller 4 are respectively connected with the microprocessor 3, and the alarm 5 is connected with the controller 4.
The electric signal monitoring unit 1 is arranged in the lithium ion battery pack and used for monitoring electric signals, and specifically, the electric signals comprise charging and discharging voltages and currents of the lithium ion battery. The electric signal monitoring unit 1 comprises an electric signal acquisition unit 11, and the electric signal acquisition unit 11 is used for acquiring electric signals of the lithium ion battery in real time so as to monitor the electric signals of the lithium ion battery.
The temperature monitoring unit 2 is arranged in the lithium ion battery pack and used for monitoring temperature signals, the temperature monitoring unit 2 comprises a heat sensor unit 21, and the heat sensor unit 21 is used for acquiring the temperature signals of the lithium ion battery in real time so as to monitor the temperature signals of the lithium ion battery.
The microprocessor 3 makes the determination based on an artificial intelligence model of the softmax regression model. The artificial intelligence model employs a cross entropy impairment function, and uses a small batch of random gradient descent to optimize the model's loss function, as can be seen in connection with FIG. 2. Specifically, the microprocessor 3 is based on a softmax regression model, adopts cross entropy when measuring two functions of probability distribution difference measurement, establishes a cross entropy damage function, then performs model training through multiple times of iteration model parameters, calculates a small batch random gradient by calling a reverse function according to a currently read small batch of data samples in each iteration, calls an optimization algorithm iteration model parameter to collect the electric signal and the temperature signal according to sampling to judge the state of the lithium ion battery, and sends out a corresponding control instruction. The conditions include battery puncture, battery overcharge, high battery temperature, and severe thermal runaway of the battery.
It should be further noted that battery puncture mainly corresponds to the situation that a lithium ion battery is penetrated by a foreign object, and when the lithium ion battery punctures to cause battery thermal runaway, a phenomenon (battery internal short circuit) occurs in which the temperature exceeds a safety threshold but the temperature rise speed does not exceed the safety threshold, and the current increase voltage drops sharply to be close to 0V. The battery charging overcharge mainly corresponds to the condition of the lithium ion battery overcharge, and when the lithium ion battery overcharge causes thermal runaway, the temperature of the battery exceeds a threshold temperature, the rising speed does not exceed a safety threshold, and the voltage rises. The high temperature of the battery mainly corresponds to the condition that the temperature of the lithium battery exceeds the safety threshold value and the temperature rising speed does not exceed the safety threshold value due to overhigh external environment temperature; at this time, the battery temperature is not only lowered beyond the threshold voltage (not lowered to near 0V). The battery severe thermal runaway mainly corresponds to the situation that the temperature of the lithium ion battery exceeds a safety threshold and the temperature rising speed exceeds the safety threshold, and the reasons for the situation include but are not limited to the three models, but the situation often means that the lithium ion battery has a relatively serious safety accident in a short time. Thus, it is classified as a separate thermal runaway model. Therefore, the early warning system provided by the invention can comprehensively collect the temperature signals and the electric signals to judge the state of the lithium ion battery, and the reliability of the early warning system can be greatly improved. When the internal temperature of the battery is out of control due to heat, the early warning system detects an abnormal signal, and sends out a warning signal after identification and judgment to remind a driver to take reasonable measures, such as power output shutdown and the like.
Referring to fig. 3 again, the controller 4 receives the control command, and controls the alarm 5 to give an alarm when a thermal runaway phenomenon occurs. Wherein, the alarm comprises puncture alarm, overcharge alarm, high temperature alarm and emergency alarm corresponding to different states of the lithium ion battery. Therefore, the early warning system provided by the invention can send out different alarms aiming at different battery thermal runaway conditions, and has high early warning reliability.
The invention also provides an early warning method of the new energy automobile lithium ion battery thermal runaway early warning system, which comprises the following steps:
the electric signal monitoring unit 1 and the temperature monitoring unit 2 respectively monitor electric signals and temperature signals of the lithium ion battery and feed back the electric signals and the temperature signals to the microprocessor 3 in real time;
the microprocessor 3 is based on a softmax regression model, cross entropy is adopted when two functions of probability distribution difference measurement are measured, a cross entropy damage function is established, then model training is carried out through multiple times of iteration model parameters, in each iteration, according to currently read small batch data samples, a small batch random gradient is calculated through calling a reverse function, an optimization algorithm iteration model parameter is called to judge the state of the lithium ion battery according to the electric signals and the temperature signals collected through sampling, and corresponding control instructions are sent out;
the controller 4 receives the control instruction and controls the alarm 5 to give an alarm when the thermal runaway phenomenon occurs.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. monitoring relevant parameters such as temperature and electric signals in the lithium battery in real time, monitoring charging and discharging voltage and battery temperature of the lithium battery, and giving early warning according to the monitored parameter signals so as to inform a user of timely processing;
2. the comprehensive monitoring signal judges the thermal runaway type of the battery, then triggers the early warning device, sends different alarms according to different thermal runaway conditions of the battery to inform a driver to process, and effectively takes measures before the battery has a major fault, so that personal accidents can be effectively avoided, and unnecessary loss is reduced;
3. when the thermal runaway type of the battery is judged, a neural network algorithm is adopted, and the state of the lithium ion automobile battery is judged by comprehensively collecting temperature signals and electric signals, so that the reliability of an early warning system is greatly improved;
4. the flow is simple, actual operation and installation are very convenient, and problems can be more conveniently found out when the early warning system cannot normally work.
Having thus disclosed the invention by reference to certain of its aspects and embodiments, the invention is not limited to the details shown and described herein, and it is to be understood that the same is capable of numerous modifications and that other modifications may readily occur to those skilled in the art, without departing from the general concept defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims (10)

1. The utility model provides a new energy automobile lithium ion battery thermal runaway early warning system which characterized in that includes:
the electric signal monitoring unit is arranged in the lithium ion battery pack and is used for monitoring electric signals;
the temperature monitoring unit is arranged in the lithium ion battery pack and used for monitoring a temperature signal;
the microprocessor is connected with the electric signal monitoring unit and the temperature monitoring unit, the microprocessor is based on a softmax regression model, cross entropy is adopted when two functions of probability distribution difference measurement are measured, a cross entropy damage function is established, then model training is carried out through repeated iteration model parameters, in each iteration, according to a currently read small batch of data samples, a small batch of random gradients are calculated through calling a reverse function, optimization algorithm iteration model parameters are called to judge the state of the lithium ion battery according to the electric signals and the temperature signals collected through sampling, and corresponding control instructions are sent out; and
the controller is connected with the microprocessor and receives the control instruction, and controls the alarm to give an alarm when a thermal runaway phenomenon occurs.
2. The new energy automobile lithium ion battery thermal runaway early warning system of claim 1, characterized in that: the electric signal monitoring unit comprises an electric signal acquisition unit which is used for acquiring electric signals of the lithium ion battery in real time so as to monitor the electric signals of the lithium ion battery.
3. The new energy automobile lithium ion battery thermal runaway early warning system of claim 1, characterized in that: the temperature monitoring unit comprises a thermal sensor unit, and the thermal sensor unit is used for acquiring the temperature signal of the lithium ion battery in real time so as to monitor the temperature signal of the lithium ion battery.
4. The new energy automobile lithium ion battery thermal runaway early warning system of claim 1, characterized in that: the electrical signals include charge and discharge voltages and currents of the lithium ion battery.
5. The new energy automobile lithium ion battery thermal runaway early warning system of claim 1, characterized in that: the conditions include battery puncture, battery overcharge, high battery temperature, and severe thermal runaway of the battery.
6. The new energy automobile lithium ion battery thermal runaway early warning system of claim 5, characterized in that: the alarm comprises puncture alarm, overcharge alarm, high temperature alarm and emergency alarm.
7. The early warning method of the new energy automobile lithium ion battery thermal runaway early warning system based on claim 1 is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
the electric signal monitoring unit and the temperature monitoring unit respectively monitor the electric signal and the temperature signal of the lithium ion battery and feed back the electric signal and the temperature signal to the microprocessor in real time;
the microprocessor is based on a softmax regression model, cross entropy is adopted when two functions of probability distribution difference measurement are measured, a cross entropy damage function is established, then model training is carried out through multiple times of iteration model parameters, in each iteration, according to a currently read small batch of data samples, a small batch of random gradients are calculated through calling a reverse function, an optimization algorithm iteration model parameter is called to judge the state of the lithium ion battery according to the electric signals and the temperature signals collected by sampling, and corresponding control instructions are sent out;
the controller receives the control instruction and controls the alarm to give an alarm when the thermal runaway phenomenon occurs.
8. The new energy automobile lithium ion battery thermal runaway early warning method according to claim 7, characterized in that: the electrical signals include charge and discharge voltages and currents of the lithium ion battery.
9. The new energy automobile lithium ion battery thermal runaway early warning method according to claim 7, characterized in that: the conditions include battery puncture, battery overcharge, high battery temperature, and severe thermal runaway of the battery.
10. The new energy automobile lithium ion battery thermal runaway early warning method according to claim 7, characterized in that: the alarm comprises puncture alarm, overcharge alarm, high temperature alarm and emergency alarm.
CN202110543795.0A 2021-05-19 2021-05-19 Early warning system and early warning method for thermal runaway of lithium ion battery of new energy automobile Pending CN113437371A (en)

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Application publication date: 20210924