CN116082082A - Phosphorus-rich biochar based on polygonum hydropiper and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Phosphorus-rich biochar based on polygonum hydropiper and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 201
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 199
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 199
- 240000000275 Persicaria hydropiper Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 235000017337 Persicaria hydropiper Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 71
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000003763 carbonization Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 abstract description 11
- 230000035558 fertility Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000010908 plant waste Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000012272 crop production Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000020774 essential nutrients Nutrition 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000001131 transforming effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 18
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 10
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000008635 plant growth Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 4
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-L Phosphate ion(2-) Chemical compound OP([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003610 charcoal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 description 3
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000002686 phosphate fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002367 phosphate rock Substances 0.000 description 3
- OJMIONKXNSYLSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphorous acid Chemical compound OP(O)O OJMIONKXNSYLSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 3
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000003016 phosphoric acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000001420 photoelectron spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008121 plant development Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003755 preservative agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002335 preservative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 description 2
- VZSRBBMJRBPUNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-ylamino)-N-[3-oxo-3-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)propyl]pyrimidine-5-carboxamide Chemical compound C1C(CC2=CC=CC=C12)NC1=NC=C(C=N1)C(=O)NCCC(N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2)=O VZSRBBMJRBPUNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium cation Chemical compound [Ca+2] BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102000020897 Formins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108091022623 Formins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 240000007817 Olea europaea Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- WYWFMUBFNXLFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Mo].[Sb] Chemical compound [Mo].[Sb] WYWFMUBFNXLFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZQBZAOZWBKABNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N [P].[Ca] Chemical class [P].[Ca] ZQBZAOZWBKABNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QVMHUALAQYRRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N [P].[P] Chemical compound [P].[P] QVMHUALAQYRRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007605 air drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001424 calcium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004737 colorimetric analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010431 corundum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012343 cottonseed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- XPPKVPWEQAFLFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(=O)OP(O)(O)=O XPPKVPWEQAFLFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012851 eutrophication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011534 incubation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000021049 nutrient content Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000021048 nutrient requirements Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940005657 pyrophosphoric acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000005067 remediation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012876 topography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B17/00—Other phosphatic fertilisers, e.g. soft rock phosphates, bone meal
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/05—Preparation or purification of carbon not covered by groups C01B32/15, C01B32/20, C01B32/25, C01B32/30
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/40—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity for affecting fertiliser dosage or release rate; for affecting solubility
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a phosphorus-rich biochar based on polygonum hydropiper and a preparation method and application thereof, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: obtaining 4gkg or more of phosphorus content ‑1 Removing impurities, drying and crushing the polygonum hydropiper to obtain a phosphorus-enriched plant biomass raw material; and (3) carrying out pyrolysis carbonization on the phosphorus-enriched plant biomass raw material under the protective atmosphere condition, and cooling to room temperature to obtain the phosphorus-enriched biochar. The preparation method is convenient to operate, is environment-friendly, can realize reduction and harmless treatment of the phosphorus-enriched plant waste, and can effectively avoid secondary pollution; meanwhile, the phosphorus-rich biochar prepared by the invention has higher phosphorus content and biological effectiveness, and can effectively improve soil acidity after being applied to acid purple soil, obviously improve the effective phosphorus content of the soil and promoteThe method has the advantages of improving the soil fertility by transforming the endogenous phosphorus morphology of the soil, providing essential nutrient elements for the growth of crops, and comprehensively improving the crop production capacity of the acid purple soil.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of barrier soil improvement, in particular to a phosphorus-rich biochar based on polygonum hydropiper, and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
Soil phosphorus supply and bioavailability are important factors affecting the growth of crops in the terrestrial ecosystem. The phosphorus which can be utilized by plants mainly comes from soil, the phosphorus in the soil is very easy to fix, and especially in acid soil, phosphorus is combined with iron and aluminum to form indissolvable compounds, so that the effectiveness is low, and the phosphorus is difficult to be directly absorbed and utilized by plants. Therefore, in order to meet the growth and development requirements of crops, the supply of phosphorus should be further increased and the effectiveness of phosphorus should be improved for acid purple soil.
The application of the phosphate fertilizer can meet the requirements of crops on phosphorus, but a large amount of phosphorus can cause accumulation of phosphorus in soil, and excessive phosphorus in the soil can easily enter the water environment through the paths of surface runoff, leakage and the like, so that the environmental problems of water eutrophication and the like are caused. In addition, high-grade phosphorite resources are increasingly reduced due to mass production of phosphate fertilizers and rapid development of fine phosphorite chemical industry. Therefore, the phosphorus fertilizer investment is reduced, a new way for recycling the phosphorus in the agricultural ecological system is searched, so that the global 'phosphorus exhaustion' crisis is relieved, and the method becomes a research hot spot in the field of agricultural resource environment.
The phosphorus-enriched plants are mostly amphibious plants, have the advantages of strong phosphorus extraction capacity, large biomass, quick growth cycle, strong environmental adaptability and the like, and are distributed in most areas of China. At present, the research on the plants mainly focuses on the aspects of phosphorus accumulation characteristics, plant physiological performance, rhizosphere phosphorus characteristics, phosphorus removal effect and the like. The phosphorus-enriched plants used for environmental remediation are not reasonably utilized, and conventional means such as waste accumulation, in-situ incineration and the like not only cause resource waste, but also increase the risk of secondary environmental pollution. Therefore, under the situation that environmental non-point source pollution control and non-renewable phosphorite resource exhaustion are increasingly prominent, the research of harmless, recycling and recycling is necessary by combining the self characteristics of phosphorus-enriched plants.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention aims to provide a phosphorus-rich biochar based on polygonum hydropiper, and a preparation method and application thereof.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
in one aspect, a preparation method of the phosphorus-rich biochar based on polygonum hydropiper is provided, which comprises the following steps: obtaining 4g kg or more of phosphorus content -1 Removing impurities, drying and crushing the polygonum hydropiper to obtain a phosphorus-enriched plant biomass raw material; and (3) carrying out pyrolysis carbonization on the phosphorus-enriched plant biomass raw material under the protective atmosphere condition, and cooling to room temperature to obtain the phosphorus-enriched biochar.
Preferably, when the polygonum hydropiper is dried, the drying temperature is 75 ℃.
Preferably, when pyrolysis carbonization is carried out, the pyrolysis temperature is 300-600 ℃ and the pyrolysis time is 1-2 h.
Preferably, the pyrolysis temperature employed is 500 ℃.
Preferably, the pH value of the phosphorus-rich biochar is 10.84-11.43, the ash content is 23.98-25.87%, and the carbon content is 51.98-56.13%; the total phosphorus content is 11.46-14.77 g kg -1 The effective phosphorus content is 4.81-5.38 g kg -1 The recovery rate of the solid-phase phosphorus is 95.99-100%.
On the other hand, the phosphorus-rich biochar prepared by the preparation method of the phosphorus-rich biochar based on the polygonum hydropiper and application of the phosphorus-rich biochar in soil improvement are also provided.
Preferably, the phosphorus-rich biochar is used for carrying out phosphorus synergism on acid purple soil.
Preferably, the adding amount of the phosphorus-rich biochar is 1-2% of the weight of the acid purple soil, and the phosphorus synergy of the acid purple soil can be realized after uniform mixing.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
1. the invention utilizes the pyrolysis carbonization technology to carry out resource utilization on the restored plants in the high-phosphorus environment, can effectively avoid secondary pollution caused by returning plant residues with higher phosphorus content to soil and water, and provides technical support for the problem of back-end disposal after the phosphorus-enriched plants are produced in a large scale.
2. The invention realizes the recycling treatment of the phosphorus-enriched plant waste biomass, simultaneously focuses on recycling recovery of the phosphorus-enriched plant waste biomass, prepares the high-valued phosphorus-enriched biochar, has higher phosphorus content, higher phosphorus recovery rate and excellent pore structure compared with the common agricultural and forestry waste biochar, and has the slow release capability of the phosphorus. The phosphorus availability of the acid purple soil can be obviously improved by a small amount of application, the soil fertility is improved, the soil property is improved, the obvious growth promoting effect is achieved, and sufficient phosphorus nutrient is provided for crops growing in the acid purple soil.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described, it being obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the invention, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of preparing a phosphorus-rich biochar based on polygonum hydropiper according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic representation of the electron microscope microscopic topography test results of one embodiment of the phosphorus-enriched biochar;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the result of the photoelectron spectroscopy phosphorus valence state analysis of a phosphorus-rich biochar according to one embodiment;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing growth of green vegetables with and without the addition of phosphorus-rich biochar according to an embodiment.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to the drawings and examples. It should be noted that, without conflict, the embodiments and technical features of the embodiments in the present application may be combined with each other. It is noted that all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs unless otherwise indicated. The use of the terms "comprising" or "includes" and the like in this disclosure is intended to cover a member or article listed after that term and equivalents thereof without precluding other members or articles.
In one aspect, the invention provides a preparation method of a phosphorus-rich biochar based on polygonum hydropiper, which comprises the following steps: obtaining 4g kg or more of phosphorus content -1 Removing impurities, drying and crushing the polygonum hydropiper to obtain a phosphorus-enriched plant biomass raw material; and (3) carrying out pyrolysis carbonization on the phosphorus-enriched plant biomass raw material under the protective atmosphere condition, and cooling to room temperature to obtain the phosphorus-enriched biochar.
In a specific embodiment, the polygonum hydropiper can be obtained from an eutrophic water body or a high-phosphorus soil growth environment.
In a specific embodiment, when the polygonum hydropiper is dried, the drying temperature is 75 ℃; when pyrolysis carbonization is carried out, the pyrolysis temperature is 300-600 ℃ and the pyrolysis time is 1-2 h. Alternatively, a pyrolysis temperature of 500 ℃ is employed.
The drying temperature in the above examples is only a preferred drying temperature according to the present invention, and natural air drying or other temperatures may be used in the case of using the present invention.
In a specific embodiment, the pH of the phosphorus-rich biochar is 10.84-11.43, the ash content is 23.98-25.87%, and the carbon content is 51.98-56.13%; the total phosphorus content is 11.46-14.77 g kg -1 The effective phosphorus content is 4.81-5.38 g kg -1 The recovery rate of the solid-phase phosphorus is 95.99-100%.
On the other hand, the invention also provides the phosphorus-rich biochar prepared by the preparation method of the phosphorus-rich biochar based on the polygonum hydropiper and application of the phosphorus-rich biochar in soil improvement.
In a specific embodiment, the phosphorus-rich biochar is used for phosphorus synergy on acid purple soil. Optionally, the adding amount of the phosphorus-rich biochar is 1-2% of the weight of the acid purple soil, and the phosphorus synergy of the acid purple soil can be realized after uniform mixing. In a specific embodiment, the phosphorus-rich biochar and the acid purple soil are uniformly mixed, and the acid purple soil is aged for 3-7 days to realize phosphorus synergism, so that the soil property of the acid purple soil is improved, and the requirement of plant growth and development on phosphorus is met.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, a phosphor-rich biochar based on polygonum hydropiper is prepared by the following steps: obtaining 4g kg or more of phosphorus content -1 Removing surface impurities from the polygonum hydropiper, drying the polygonum hydropiper at a constant temperature by a 75-DEG oven, crushing the polygonum hydropiper, and sieving the polygonum hydropiper by a 2mm sieve to obtain a phosphorus-enriched plant biomass raw material; placing the phosphorus-enriched plant biomass raw material into a 100ml corundum crucible, compacting as much as possible, exhausting air in the crucible, covering, placing into a programmed temperature control muffle furnace, and setting the heating rate to 10 ℃ for min -1 To a target pyrolysis temperature of 500 ℃ and a residence time of 2h, and introducing N 2 Pyrolysis carbonization is carried out under the condition; after pyrolysis, N is introduced 2 Cooling to room temperature under the condition to obtain the phosphorus-rich biochar.
Example 2
Unlike example 1, the pyrolysis temperature at which the pyrolysis carbonization was performed in this example was 300 ℃.
Example 3
Unlike example 1, the pyrolysis temperature at which the pyrolysis carbonization was performed in this example was 400 ℃.
Example 4
Unlike example 1, the pyrolysis temperature at which the pyrolysis carbonization was performed in this example was 600 ℃.
Test example 1
Basic property analysis is carried out on the phosphorus-rich biochar prepared in the example 1, and basic properties and structural characteristics are shown in the table 1:
TABLE 1 essential Properties and structural characteristics of phosphorus-enriched biochar of EXAMPLE 1
| Type(s) | Yield (%) | pH | Ash (%) | Conductivity (msds) -1 ) |
| Phosphorus-rich biochar | 35.93 | 11.43 | 25.87 | 7.52 |
| Type(s) | Specific surface area (m) 2 g -1 ) | Pore volume (cm) 3 g -1 ) | Aperture analysis (nm) | Average pore diameter (nm) |
| Phosphorus-rich biochar | 11.047 | 0.044 | 28.958 | 15.936 |
As can be seen from Table 1, the phosphorus-rich biochar has a larger specific surface area and belongs to a typical mesoporous structure. Further, the microscopic morphology of the phosphorus-rich biochar of example 1 was measured using an electron microscope, and the results are shown in fig. 2. As can be seen from FIG. 2, the phosphorus-rich biochar has a good pore structure, and can endow the phosphorus-rich biochar with better potential of adsorbing and supporting nutrients.
Further, in order to verify the specific phosphorus characteristics of the phosphorus-rich biochar, the phosphorus recovery rate, the total phosphorus content and the phosphorus content of each form of the phosphorus-rich biochar prepared in example 1 were measured. Wherein, the recovery rate of the biochar phosphorus is calculated by the following formula:
wherein: preconver is the recovery rate of biochar phosphorus,%; p (P) biochar G kg of the charcoal as the phosphorus content -1 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Yield is biochar Yield,%; p (P) feedstock G kg of raw material phosphorus content -1 。
The phosphorus characteristic test results of the phosphorus-rich biochar prepared in example 1 are shown in table 2:
TABLE 2 phosphorus characterization of phosphorus-enriched biochar of example 1 (g kg -1 )
| Type(s) | Inorganic phosphorus | Organic phosphorus | Total phosphorus | Phosphorus recovery (%) | Multiple of enrichment |
| Phosphorus-rich biochar | 14.12 | 0.66 | 14.77 | 95.99 | 2.91 |
As can be seen from Table 2, the phosphorus-rich biochar prepared by the method has very high recovery rate of phosphorus of the biochar, which reaches 95.99%, which indicates that the phosphorus in the raw materials is basically reserved in the biochar. The total phosphorus content reaches 14.77g kg -1 Is 2-3 times of the total phosphorus content of the common straw biochar, and is at a higher level in the biochar prepared from plant raw materials, such as corn straw biochar (3.0-5.6 g kg) -1 ) Cottonseed hull charcoal (2.4-2.8 g kg) -1 ) Olive branch charcoal (4.3-5.3 g kg) -1 ). In addition, the inorganic phosphorus content with higher effectiveness is 9.44g kg -1 The result shows that the phosphorus-rich biochar has better returning potential and plant phosphorus supply capability.
Further, the phosphorus availability of the phosphorus-rich biochar prepared in example 1 was characterized, specifically, the phosphorus-rich biochar was extracted by an improved Hedley continuous extraction method, and the phosphorus form was measured by a molybdenum-antimony colorimetric method, and the test results are shown in table 3:
TABLE 3 phosphorus content (g kg) of various forms of phosphorus-rich biochar of example 1 -1 )
| Type(s) | H 2 O-P | NaHCO 3 -P | NaOH-P | HCl-P | Res-P |
| Phosphorus-rich biochar | 0.39 | 5.38 | 0.94 | 3.61 | 4.68 |
Table 3 reflects the content of the different phosphorus components of the phosphorus-rich biochar of example 1, wherein the active phosphorus pool is H 2 O-P and NaHCO 3 P, the total amount of both being 5.77g kg -1 The medium-stable phosphorus library is NaOH-P and HCl-P, and the total amount of the two phosphorus forms is 6.32g kg -1 The phosphorus library accounts for 42.79 percent of the total amount of the phosphorus library, and the two types of phosphorus libraries can be directly absorbed and utilized by plants or can be absorbed and utilized after being transformed by soil, so that the phosphorus in the phosphorus-rich biochar prepared by the invention has higher validity, and H in the phosphorus-rich biochar 2 The content of O-P is relatively low, so that the risk of secondary pollution to the environment after returning to the field can be reduced to a certain extent.
Further, the phosphorus valence state of the phosphorus-rich biochar prepared in example 1 was analyzed by photoelectron spectroscopy, and the result is shown in fig. 3. As can be seen from FIG. 3, the phosphorus-rich biochar prepared by the method contains hydrogen phosphate, pyrophosphoric acid and phosphoric acid analogues. The main peak is more active hydrogen phosphate, the effectiveness is higher, the hydrogen phosphate is combined with calcium ions to form calcium hydrophosphate at 133.5-134.6, and the peak intensity is enhanced along with the increase of the pyrolysis temperature, which indicates that calcium-phosphorus compounds can be formed. In addition, a signal peak of the phosphoric acid analogue is found at about 135.2, which is usually detected in the slow-release phosphate fertilizer, so that the phosphorus-rich biochar prepared by the invention has better slow-release performance.
Test example 2
The phosphorus-rich biochar prepared in example 1 was used for soil improvement and tested for its soil improvement ability. In the embodiment, the test is carried out on acid purple soil in a certain area of Atlantic city, sichuan province, the pH, available phosphorus, phosphorus form and organic matter content in the soil are measured before the test, and the pH of the soil is measured to be 5.01, the soil is acidic, and the available phosphorus content is 3.52mg kg -1 At very low level, the available phosphorus in the soil is very barren, the plant growth and development requirements cannot be met, and the total phosphorus content is 0.29g kg -1 Organic matter content of 8g kg -1 The content level is lower, and the overall fertility is low.
100g of the soil sample which is air-dried and passes through a 2mm sieve is weighed, 1g of the phosphorus-rich biochar prepared in the example 1 is uniformly mixed with 100g of the soil sample (1% by mass ratio), and then the mixture is placed in a 250ml plastic bottle and marked as a test group. Soil samples without adding phosphorus-rich biochar are set as a control group.
Deionized water is added into a culture flask according to the field water holding capacity of 60%, a preservative film is used for sealing, and a plurality of small holes are reserved in the middle of the preservative film. Placing the plastic bottle in a constant temperature incubator at 25 ℃ for culturing, and supplementing deionized water by adopting a weighing method in the culturing process, so that the soil moisture is maintained at about 60% of the field water holding capacity. Samples were taken after 56 days (8 weeks) of incubation to determine soil pH, available phosphorus content, organic content, total nutrient content, test results are shown in table 4:
table 4 soil conditioning test results
As can be seen from Table 4, after the treatment of the phosphorus-rich biochar, the pH of the acid purple soil is increased by 1 pH unit, the available phosphorus of the soil after the treatment of the phosphorus-rich biochar is 11 times that of the control group, and the organic matter content, the nitrogen content, the potassium content and the calcium content of the soil after the treatment of the phosphorus-rich biochar are respectively increased by 74.29%, 246.05%, 23.55% and 30.95%. The improvement of pH and each nutrient proves that the phosphorus-rich biochar can effectively improve the acidity of soil, enhance the validity of phosphorus in soil, improve the organic matter and total nitrogen content in soil and has obvious improvement and fertilization effects.
Test example 3
The influence of the phosphorus-rich biochar on the plant growth condition in acid purple soil is tested, and the specific steps are as follows: the test soil is the same as that of test example 2, 1.5kg of the soil sample which is air-dried and passes through a 2mm sieve is weighed and placed in a plastic basin, 0.015kg of phosphorus-rich biochar is uniformly mixed with the soil, and the mixture is balanced for 3 days and is recorded as a test group. Meanwhile, 1.515kg of soil sample without adding phosphorus-rich biochar was set as a control group.
The same green vegetable seeds were sown in the control group and the test group, respectively, and were managed in the same manner. Wherein the germination rate of the green vegetables in the control group is 76.19%, and the germination rate of the green vegetables in the test group is 85.71%. Therefore, the phosphorus-rich biochar improves the germination rate of green vegetables, and shows that the phosphorus-rich biochar can effectively improve the validity of soil phosphorus and has stronger plant growth promotion effect in the early stage.
The growth of two groups of vegetables during the harvest period of the plants (40 days after sowing) is shown in fig. 4. As can be seen from FIG. 4, the green vegetables of the control group hardly grew normally, while the test group to which the phosphorus-rich biochar of the present invention was added was able to significantly promote the growth of the green vegetables.
The biomass of the vegetables in the control group was 2.36g and the biomass of the vegetables in the test group was 58.49g. Therefore, the acid purple soil added with the phosphorus-rich biochar can meet the nutrient requirements of normal growth and development of crops.
It should be noted that, the phosphorus-rich biochar prepared in examples 2-4 has similar effects to the phosphorus-rich biochar prepared in example 1, and can perform phosphorus synergism on acid purple soil to promote crop growth and development, so that no description is repeated here.
In summary, the invention can prepare the phosphorus-enriched plants into the biochar by using the pyrolysis carbonization technology, the phosphorus in the raw materials can be concentrated into the biochar, and the biochar can directly or indirectly participate in the phosphorus circulation in the soil environment, thereby playing roles in increasing the phosphorus reservoir capacity, reducing the fixation of the phosphorus in the soil, promoting the activation of indissolvable phosphorus in the soil, changing the form of the phosphorus in the soil and the like, so as to realize the effect of returning the phosphorus in the soil to the field through carbonization fertilizer preparation. Not only can effectively solve the problem of shortage of phosphate fertilizer resources, but also has positive influence on agricultural non-point source pollution control and efficient utilization of agricultural and forestry wastes. Compared with the prior art, the invention has obvious progress.
The present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, but is intended to be limited to the following embodiments, and any modifications, equivalents and modifications can be made to the above-mentioned embodiments without departing from the scope of the invention.
Claims (9)
1. The preparation method of the phosphorus-rich biochar based on the polygonum hydropiper is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
obtaining 4g kg or more of phosphorus content -1 Removing impurities, drying and crushing the polygonum hydropiper to obtain a phosphorus-enriched plant biomass raw material;
and (3) carrying out pyrolysis carbonization on the phosphorus-enriched plant biomass raw material under the protective atmosphere condition, and cooling to room temperature to obtain the phosphorus-enriched biochar.
2. The method for preparing phosphorus-rich biochar based on polygonum hydropiper according to claim 1, wherein the drying temperature is 75 ℃.
3. The method for preparing phosphorus-rich biochar based on polygonum hydropiper according to claim 1, wherein the pyrolysis temperature is 300-600 ℃ and the pyrolysis time is 1-2 h when pyrolysis carbonization is carried out.
4. The method for preparing phosphorus-rich biochar based on polygonum hydropiper according to claim 3, wherein the pyrolysis temperature used is 500 ℃.
5. The method for preparing phosphorus-rich biochar based on polygonum hydropiper according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the pH of the phosphorus-rich biochar is 10.84 to 11.43, the ash content is 23.98 to 25.87%, and the carbon content is 51.98 to 56.13%; the total phosphorus content is 11.46-14.77 g kg -1 The effective phosphorus content is 4.81-5.38 g kg -1 The recovery rate of the solid-phase phosphorus is 95.99-100%.
6. The phosphorus-rich biochar prepared by the method for preparing a phosphorus-rich biochar based on polygonum hydropiper according to any one of claims 1 to 5.
7. The use of the phosphorus-rich biochar according to claim 6 for soil improvement.
8. The use of the phosphorus-rich biochar in soil improvement according to claim 7, wherein the phosphorus-rich biochar is used for phosphorus synergy on acid purple soil.
9. The application of the phosphorus-rich biochar in soil improvement according to claim 8, wherein the addition amount of the phosphorus-rich biochar is 1-2% of the weight of the acid purple soil, and the phosphorus synergy of the acid purple soil can be realized after uniform mixing.
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