CN116077422A - 一种石榴籽油甘油二酯纳米乳凝胶剂 - Google Patents
一种石榴籽油甘油二酯纳米乳凝胶剂 Download PDFInfo
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- CN116077422A CN116077422A CN202310009475.6A CN202310009475A CN116077422A CN 116077422 A CN116077422 A CN 116077422A CN 202310009475 A CN202310009475 A CN 202310009475A CN 116077422 A CN116077422 A CN 116077422A
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- Prior art keywords
- seed oil
- diglyceride
- pomegranate seed
- gel
- nanoemulsion
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种石榴籽油甘油二酯纳米乳凝胶剂，凝胶剂的原料包括质量浓度为2%‑10%石榴籽油甘油二酯、10%‑30%乳化剂、10%‑30%助乳化剂，余量为水和凝胶基质。其包括以下步骤：取质量浓度为2%‑10%石榴籽油甘油二酯、10%‑30%乳化剂及10%‑30%助乳化剂，加3倍以上体积水形成纳米乳；将制成的所述纳米乳加到凝胶基质中，使基质溶胀，研磨搅拌均匀即可。所述乳化剂为聚氧乙烯蓖麻油、氢化聚氧乙烯蓖麻油、吐温‑80、司盘‑80、吐温‑20及司盘‑60的任意一种或几种；助乳化剂为PEG400、甘油、异丙醇、丙二醇的任意一种或几种。纳米乳凝胶剂用于伤口的消炎止痛，促进皮肤再生和伤口愈合。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于凝胶剂领域，具体是一种石榴籽油甘油二酯纳米乳凝胶剂。
背景技术
石榴籽油所含主要脂肪酸为石榴酸，占到脂肪酸总量的60％以上；石榴酸是结构中含三个共轭双键的C18酸，属于共轭多烯不饱和脂肪酸，具有抗炎、抗菌、降脂、降糖、治疗阿尔茨海默症、促进伤口愈合等多种作用。石榴酸在石榴籽油中主要以甘油三酯的形式存在，但甘油三酯抑菌作用很弱。
伤口愈合与修复是一复杂的病理过程，取决于病人的年纪、身体状况、皮肤再生能力等多种因素，当创面较大时如何在伤口愈合后能消除疤痕、保持皮肤的美观是术后多数病人关心的一大问题，尤其是年轻的女性患者。石榴籽油含石榴酸和丰富的多酚与黄酮，不仅具有消炎杀菌的作用，还能促进皮肤再生，消除愈合后的斑块，在外伤治疗方面应用前景广阔。然而，若石榴籽油直接作用于伤口，易引起皮肤过敏，同时不易与伤口处的组织液混合，因而不易为组织吸收，治疗效果并不理想。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术的不足，提供一种石榴籽油甘油二酯纳米乳凝胶剂，以达到伤口的消炎止痛，促进皮肤再生和伤口愈合的目的。
本发明的目的是通过以下技术方案来实现的：一种石榴籽油甘油二酯纳米乳凝胶剂，凝胶剂的原料包括质量浓度为2％-10％石榴籽油甘油二酯、10％-30％乳化剂、10％-30％助乳化剂，余量为水和凝胶基质。纳米乳凝胶剂的制备方法包括以下步骤：取质量浓度为2％-10％石榴籽油甘油二酯、10％-30％乳化剂及10％-30％助乳化剂，加3倍以上体积水形成纳米乳；将制成的所述纳米乳加到凝胶基质中，使基质溶胀，研磨搅拌均匀，即得纳米乳凝胶剂。所述乳化剂为聚氧乙烯蓖麻油、氢化聚氧乙烯蓖麻油、吐温-80、司盘-80、吐温-20及司盘-60的任意一种或几种；助乳化剂为PEG400、甘油、异丙醇、丙二醇的任意一种或几种。
本发明以硅胶为固定相，采用不同极性的有机溶剂分离石榴籽油，用薄层板点样，根据甘油一、二、三酯极性的差异，对石榴籽油甘油酯进行了分离，发现石榴籽油中甘油三酯含量最高，占到油总重量的80％以上，石榴籽油含6％-8％的甘油二酯及1％-2％的甘油一酯。同时进一步检测了石榴籽油及其甘油三酯和二酯的抗菌活性，发现甘油二酯对革兰氏阳性菌和阴性菌具有最强的抑菌活性，石榴籽油对酵母菌的抗菌作用最强。由于伤口感染多为革兰氏阳性菌，推测甘油二酯较原油有更好的治疗作用。研究了石榴籽油和甘油二酯对槲皮素和白藜芦醇的促吸收作用，发现甘油二酯的促吸收效果显著优于石榴籽油，表明甘油二酯的存在可以改善其他药物的吸收。将石榴籽油改为极性更强的甘油二酯，适宜的亲水亲油平衡值使甘油二酯与皮肤有更好的亲和性，皮肤的吸收增强，可促进伤口部位皮肤的再生；由于甘油二酯对革兰氏阳性菌的杀菌效果优于石榴籽油，有利于患处病菌的清除；若在凝胶剂中加入药物，甘油二酯还能促进药物的皮肤吸收，改善药物的局部治疗效果。将甘油二酯制备为纳米乳，可以增加甘油二酯的表面积，使其与皮肤的接触面积增大；再将纳米乳分散在亲水凝胶中，可以减缓甘油二酯及其载带药物的释放速率，使局部保持平稳的药物浓度，减少给药次数；同时，凝胶剂与皮肤亲和性好，进一步减少了油性物质引起的皮肤不适感。
进一步的，所述石榴籽油甘油二酯由石榴籽油分离而得，具体包括以下步骤：
取石榴籽油，加到硅胶柱上，分别用极性由低到高的有机溶剂洗脱，最后洗脱的溶剂为浓度90％(v/v)以上的甲醇或乙醇，洗脱体积为2-3倍柱体积；
收集洗脱液，浓缩，点薄层板，根据Rf值合并石榴籽油甘油二酯，并采用减压蒸发法除去溶剂；
石榴籽油甘油一酯、石榴籽油甘油二酯和石榴籽油甘油三酯的Rf顺序为：石榴籽油甘油三酯>石榴籽油甘油二酯>石榴籽油甘油一酯；
甘油二酯Rf值在0.2-0.6。
进一步的，洗脱系统可用正己烷、二氯甲烷﹣正己烷(2:3)、二氯甲烷、二氯甲烷﹣乙醚(10:1)、二氯甲烷﹣甲醇(10:1)及二氯甲烷﹣甲醇(1:1和1:20)，其他洗脱系统也可使用，只需洗脱剂极性逐渐递增。
更进一步的，分离时所用的薄层检测条件为：正己烷-乙醚-醋酸(45:25:1)，碘蒸气显色。
进一步的，所述石榴籽油甘油二酯为石榴籽油甘油二酯、橄榄油甘油二酯、葡萄籽油甘油二酯、石榴籽油、橄榄油及葡萄籽油任意一种或一种以上的组合，但至少含一种甘油二酯。所述石榴籽油甘油二酯、橄榄油甘油二酯、葡萄籽油甘油二酯也可采用化学合成方法获得。
进一步的，所述凝胶基质为亲水性高分子材料，可为羧甲基纤维素钠、海藻酸钠、卡波姆等；基质用量根据纳米乳溶液体积而定，所述羧甲基纤维素钠用量为1％-10％，所述海藻酸钠用量为0.5％-3％，所述卡波姆用量为0.2％-2％。纳米乳与凝胶基质混匀后，卡波姆加碱使基质pH大于8发生胶凝，海藻酸钠加钙离子发生胶凝；卡波姆胶凝剂可以使用氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、氨水、三乙胺等，海藻酸钠胶凝剂可使用氢氧化钙和硫酸钙。
进一步的，纳米乳凝胶剂用于护肤或伤口的消炎愈合治疗。在凝胶剂中加入药物效果更佳，油溶性药物可溶于甘油二酯、乳化剂与助乳化剂组成的溶液中，水溶性药物可溶于蒸馏水中，共同制备纳米乳，药物与甘油二酯及油联用将起到协同增效作用；同时，甘油二酯与油还能促进药物的皮肤吸收。
本发明的有益效果是：本发明向石榴籽油甘油二酯纳米乳凝胶剂中加入了甘油二酯，其自身有更好的杀菌作用，并能促进凝胶剂中其他组分的皮肤吸收；将甘油二酯先制备为纳米乳，增加了甘油二酯的分散度，提高了其与皮肤的接触面积，有利于甘油二酯的皮肤吸收；再将纳米乳分散于凝胶基质中，起到缓释的作用，使局部保持稳定的甘油二酯和药物浓度，延长作用时间，同时，凝胶剂与皮肤有良好的亲和性。所制备的凝胶剂可用于伤口抗感染和促进伤口处的皮肤再生，减少疤痕组织；也可作为护肤品使用，发挥抗氧化和防衰老的作用。
附图说明
图1为实施例1中分离的石榴籽油甘油二酯、甘油三酯及石榴籽油对枯草芽孢杆菌的抗菌作用图，*代表具有显著性差异；
图2为实施例2中分离的橄榄油甘油二酯、甘油三酯及橄榄油对枯草芽孢杆菌的抗菌作用图，*代表具有显著性差异；
图3为实施例3中分离的葡萄籽油甘油二酯、甘油二酯及葡萄籽油对枯草芽孢杆菌的抗菌作用图，*代表具有显著性差异。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图进一步详细描述本发明的技术方案，但本发明的保护范围不局限于以下所述。
实施例1
S1、取石榴籽油，加至硅胶柱上；
S2、待石榴籽油为柱头所吸收，开始进行洗脱，洗脱顺序为正己烷、二氯甲烷﹣正己烷(2:3)、二氯甲烷、二氯甲烷﹣乙醚(10:1)、二氯甲烷﹣甲醇(10:1)及二氯甲烷﹣甲醇(1:1和1:20)，洗脱剂用量为3倍柱体积；
S3、用试管收集洗脱液，每管3mL；通氮气除去溶剂，进行浓缩；浓缩液用薄层板点样，展开条件为正己烷-乙醚-醋酸(45:25:1)，碘蒸气显色；根据斑点位置合并洗脱液，减压浓缩除去溶剂；石榴籽油甘油二酯的Rf值为0.3-0.6；
S4、取甘油二酯，加吐温-80(乳化剂)与甘油(助乳化剂)混合，再滴加水形成纳米乳，甘油二酯：吐温-80：甘油：水＝1:3:3:10，总重量约6.5g；
S5、取0.3g羧甲基纤维素钠，加甘油1g，研匀，加所述纳米乳2g，放置30min使充分浸润，加剩余的所述纳米乳，边加边研磨，制得石榴籽油甘油二酯纳米乳凝胶剂。
实施例2
S1、取橄榄油，加至硅胶柱上；
S2、待橄榄油为柱头所吸收，开始进行洗脱，洗脱顺序为正己烷、二氯甲烷﹣正己烷(2:3)、二氯甲烷、二氯甲烷﹣乙酸乙酯(5:1)、乙酸乙酯、乙酸乙酯﹣乙醇(10:1)及乙酸乙酯﹣乙醇(1:1和1:20)，洗脱剂用量为3倍柱体积；
S3、用试管收集洗脱液，每管3mL；通氮气除去溶剂，进行浓缩；浓缩液用薄层板点样，展开条件为正己烷-乙醚-醋酸(45:25:1)，碘蒸气显色；根据斑点位置合并洗脱液，减压浓缩除去溶剂；橄榄油甘油二酯的Rf值为0.2-0.6；
S4、取甘油二酯，加吐温-20-司盘-20(1:1)(乳化剂)与异丙醇(助乳化剂)混合，再滴加水形成纳米乳，甘油二酯：乳化剂：异丙醇：水＝1:2.5:4:10，总重量约6.7g；
S5、取1.7g卡波姆，加甘油1g，研匀，加所述纳米乳2.5g，放置1h使充分浸润，研磨，加剩余的所述纳米乳，边加边研磨，加毕，用三乙胺调节pH值为8，使流动状态的卡波姆胶凝，制得橄榄油甘油二酯纳米乳凝胶剂。
实施例3
S1、取葡萄籽油，加至硅胶柱上；
S2、待葡萄籽油为柱头所吸收，开始进行洗脱，洗脱顺序为正己烷、二氯甲烷﹣正己烷(2:3)、二氯甲烷、二氯甲烷﹣乙醚(5:1)、二氯甲烷﹣甲醇(10:1)及二氯甲烷﹣甲醇(1:1和1:10)，洗脱剂用量为3倍柱体积；
S3、用试管收集洗脱液，每管3mL；通氮气除去溶剂，进行浓缩；浓缩液用薄层板点样，展开条件为正己烷-乙醚-醋酸(45:25:1)，碘蒸气显色；根据斑点位置合并洗脱液，减压浓缩除去溶剂；甘油二酯的Rf值为0.3-0.6；
S4、取葡萄籽油甘油二酯与石榴籽油，加聚氧乙烯氢化蓖麻油-司盘-80(4:1)(乳化剂)与PEG400(助乳化剂)，混合；橄榄苦苷溶于蒸馏水中，滴加至上述溶液中形成纳米乳，油相：乳化剂：助乳化剂：水＝1:2.5:3:10，总重量约6.8g，其中，橄榄苦苷浓度为1mg/mL；
S5、取1.2g羧甲基纤维素钠，加甘油1g，研匀，加所述纳米乳2g，放置1h使充分浸润，研磨，加剩余的所述纳米乳，边加边研磨，制得葡萄籽油甘油二酯纳米乳凝胶剂。
石榴籽油甘油二酯凝胶剂对小鼠伤口的治疗作用：
取雄性昆明种小鼠，体重18-22g，喂养3天使其适应环境。将小鼠随机分成4组，每组3只，用剃须刀除去小鼠颈部的毛，防止刮伤皮肤；使用酒精清洗剃毛部位，在每只小鼠的剃毛部位画出直径约为5-6mm的圆形，按10ml/kg剂量为小鼠腹腔注射水合氯醛溶液使麻醉，使用手术剪在每只小鼠后颈部创造一个透过真皮层、出血的圆形伤口，且不缝合。空白组在伤口处涂抹生理盐水，阳性对照组涂抹环丙沙星滴眼液(浓度3mg/mL，郑州卓峰制药有限公司)，实验A组和B组分别涂抹石榴籽油凝胶和石榴籽油甘油二酯凝胶，每日上药2次，于第3、5及7天用游标卡尺测量伤口大小，按椭圆型计算伤口面积，并求算愈合率，计算公式为：伤口面积＝3.14*长径*短径/4，愈合率(％)＝(S0-St)/S0*100％，其中S0和St分别代表第0天和第t天的伤口面积(mm2)。实验结果见表1。
表1石榴籽油甘油二酯凝胶促进伤口愈合的作用
PSO:石榴籽油；PSO DG:石榴籽油甘油二酯；OO:橄榄油；OO DG:橄榄油甘油二酯；GSO:葡萄籽油；GSO DG:葡萄籽油甘油二酯。
由表1可知，石榴籽油、橄榄油、葡萄籽油纳米乳凝胶及其甘油二酯纳米乳凝胶均表现出了较好的促伤口愈合作用，石榴籽油纳米乳凝胶剂效果优于环丙沙星滴眼液对照，橄榄油纳米乳凝胶剂与环丙沙星滴眼液作用相当，而葡萄籽油纳米乳凝胶剂作用弱于环丙沙星滴眼液；甘油二酯纳米乳凝胶剂的作用优于对应的石榴籽油、橄榄油及葡萄籽油纳米乳凝胶剂。
取石榴籽油及从中分离的甘油二酯和甘油三酯，用DMSO稀释制成浓度为60％、30％及15％的溶液，采用滤纸片法测定三种油对枯草芽孢杆菌的抑制活性，以抑菌圈直径代表油的抑菌作用，直径越大，表明油的抑菌能力越强，结果见图1。
取橄榄油及从中分离的甘油二酯和甘油三酯，用DMSO稀释制成浓度为60％、30％及15％的溶液，采用滤纸片法测定三种油对枯草芽孢杆菌的抑制活性，以抑菌圈直径代表油的抑菌作用，直径越大，表明油的抑菌能力越强，结果见图2。
取葡萄籽油及从中分离的葡萄籽油和甘油三酯，用DMSO稀释制成浓度为60％、30％及15％的溶液，采用滤纸片法测定三种油对枯草芽孢杆菌的抑制活性，以抑菌圈直径代表油的抑菌作用，直径越大，表明油的抑菌能力越强，结果见图3。
由图1-图3可知，石榴籽油甘油二酯/橄榄油甘油二酯/葡萄籽油甘油二酯的抑菌效果均优于石榴籽油/橄榄油/葡萄籽油以及石榴籽油甘油三酯/橄榄油甘油三酯/葡萄籽油甘油三酯的抑菌效果。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式，应当理解本发明并非局限于本文所披露的形式，不应看作是对其他实施例的排除，而可用于各种其他组合、修改和环境，并能够在本文所述构想范围内，通过上述教导或相关领域的技术或知识进行改动。而本领域人员所进行的改动和变化不脱离本发明的精神和范围，则都应在本发明所附权利要求的保护范围内。
Claims (6)
1.一种石榴籽油甘油二酯纳米乳凝胶剂，其特征在于：凝胶剂的原料包括质量浓度为2%-10%石榴籽油甘油二酯、10%-30%乳化剂、10%-30%助乳化剂，余量为水和凝胶基质。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种石榴籽油甘油二酯纳米乳凝胶剂，其特征在于：所述石榴籽油甘油二酯由石榴籽油分离而得，具体包括以下步骤：
取石榴籽油，加到硅胶柱上，分别用极性由低到高的有机溶剂洗脱，最后洗脱的溶剂为浓度90%（v/v）以上的甲醇或乙醇，洗脱体积为2-3倍柱体积；
收集洗脱液，浓缩，点薄层板，根据Rf值合并石榴籽油甘油二酯，并采用减压蒸发法除去溶剂；
石榴籽油甘油一酯、石榴籽油甘油二酯和石榴籽油甘油三酯的Rf顺序为：石榴籽油甘油三酯>石榴籽油甘油二酯>石榴籽油甘油一酯；
甘油二酯Rf值在0.2-0.6。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种石榴籽油甘油二酯纳米乳凝胶剂，其特征在于：洗脱系统可用正己烷、二氯甲烷﹣正己烷（2:3)、二氯甲烷、二氯甲烷﹣乙醚（10:1)、二氯甲烷﹣甲醇（10:1）及二氯甲烷﹣甲醇（1:1和1:20）。
4.根据权利要求2所述的一种石榴籽油甘油二酯纳米乳凝胶剂，其特征在于：所述石榴籽油甘油二酯为石榴籽油甘油二酯、橄榄油甘油二酯、葡萄籽油甘油二酯、石榴籽油、橄榄油及葡萄籽油任意一种或一种以上的组合，但至少含一种甘油二酯。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种石榴籽油甘油二酯纳米乳凝胶剂，其特征在于：所述凝胶基质为亲水性高分子材料。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种石榴籽油甘油二酯纳米乳凝胶剂，其特征在于：纳米乳凝胶剂用于护肤或伤口的消炎愈合治疗。
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