CN116076190A

CN116076190A - Water storage and soil erosion prevention and control method based on impermeable film

Info

Publication number: CN116076190A
Application number: CN202211589644.XA
Authority: CN
Inventors: 徐精文; 高雪松; 黄剑波
Original assignee: Sichuan Tianfu New Area Rural Revitalization Research Institute; Sichuan Agricultural University
Current assignee: Sichuan Tianfu New Area Rural Revitalization Research Institute; Sichuan Agricultural University
Priority date: 2022-12-12
Filing date: 2022-12-12
Publication date: 2023-05-09

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of soil and water protection, and discloses a water storage and soil loss resistance control method based on a waterproof film, wherein pits are dug in cultivated land, woodland or grassland, the depth of each pit is different according to the type of the land, the nature of the soil and the type of plants growing, the length and the width of each pit are different according to the type of the plants growing, the dug soil is placed near each pit, one or more layers of waterproof films are paved at the bottom of each pit, the waterproof films are paved on the four walls of each pit, but the paving height is at least 20cm lower than the depth of each pit for drainage; filling the excavated soil into the pits. According to the invention, the impermeable film is paved in the pit, so that the water storage effect can be realized, the fertilizer applied to the soil and nutrient elements of the soil can be prevented from penetrating into underground water or flowing into other places, the planting survival rate of plants can be improved, and the plants and the impermeable film can prevent water and soil loss and prevent water and soil loss.

Description

Water storage and soil erosion prevention and control method based on impermeable film

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of water and soil protection, and particularly relates to a water storage and water and soil loss resistance control method based on a waterproof film.

Background

At present, water and soil loss is one of main disasters in the world, and damages land resources, causes productivity decline, consumes limited water resources, causes drought, flood and other disasters, further causes crop yield reduction, causes ecological environment deterioration, seriously threatens survival and development of human beings, and becomes a general concern of various countries.

In view of this background, research in the related agricultural technical field and the environmental protection field is also continuously advancing. For example, CN104094692a discloses a method for improving ecological ridge by using biochar to reduce source pollution of hillside cultivated land, which makes the whole layout of ecological ridge be along the direction of slope overhead, the buffer zones are uniformly spaced, and the filter zones are alternately arranged in a checkerboard manner. As another example, CN115305932a discloses a comprehensive ecological slope protection, through setting up a plurality of cultivation boxes, a plurality of cultivation boxes are evenly arranged on the slope body, plant green planting in the cultivation box, the reinforcing net in the cultivation box can effectively fix the green turf that plants therein, can play the effect of decorating the slope body and placing the soil erosion and water loss. CN103270832a discloses a method for controlling nitrogen and phosphorus non-point source pollution in farmland by using biological ridges, the farmland is closed by using the ridges, a water inlet and a water outlet are arranged, different plants are planted on different types of ridges according to different time periods, the interception effect of the biological ridges on nitrogen and phosphorus is utilized, the ecological environment of the area is improved, and water and soil loss is resisted.

Through the above analysis, the problems and defects existing in the prior art are as follows:

(1) The existing water and soil resistance control method can only prevent water and soil loss caused by surface runoff and subsurface flow, but can not prevent water and soil loss caused by subsurface runoff, namely the existing method can not solve the problems of groundwater pollution and soil impoverishment caused by infiltration of nutrient substances such as water, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and the like in soil and pollutants in the soil into groundwater.

(2) The existing water and soil resistance control method can not effectively preserve water and store water while preventing water and soil loss, so that crops or forests and grasses are threatened by drought in the period of low rainfall and drought.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the problems existing in the prior art, the invention provides a water storage and soil erosion resistance control method based on a waterproof film.

The invention is realized in such a way that the water storage and soil erosion prevention and control method based on the waterproof film comprises the following steps:

digging pits in cultivated land, forest land or grassland;

placing the excavated soil near the pit;

step three, one or more layers of waterproof films are paved at the bottom of the pit, and the waterproof films are paved on the four walls of the pit;

and step four, filling the excavated soil into the pits.

Further, the depth of the pit in the first step varies depending on the type of land, the nature of soil and the type of plant to be grown, and the length and width of the pit vary depending on the type of plant to be grown.

Further, when the type of plant to be grown is crops or grasses, the depth of the pit is 30cm-2m, and the length and width are equal to the length and width of a land block which is a cultivated land or a grassland, respectively.

Further, for large-area plots, the plots are divided into a plurality of sections, each section having a pit dug.

Further, for woodland, the depth of the pit is 50cm-3m, and the length and width are respectively greater than or equal to the length and width of the root system of the tree on the horizontal plane.

Further, the impermeable film of the walls of the pit is laid at a height at least 20cm below the depth of the pit for drainage.

Further, the water permeable membrane is a plastic or other membrane impermeable to water.

The invention further aims to provide a crop planting method, which uses the water storage and soil erosion resistance control method based on the waterproof film.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for preventing loss of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients in soil, wherein the method for preventing loss of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients in soil uses the water storage and soil erosion resistance control method based on the impermeable film.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for preventing contaminants in soil from penetrating into the ground, which uses the water storage and soil erosion prevention method based on a water impermeable film.

In combination with the technical scheme and the technical problems to be solved, the technical scheme to be protected has the following advantages and positive effects:

first, aiming at the technical problems in the prior art and the difficulty in solving the problems, the technical problems solved by the technical proposal of the invention are analyzed in detail and deeply by tightly combining the technical proposal to be protected, the results and data in the research and development process, and the like, and some technical effects brought after the problems are solved have creative technical effects. The specific description is as follows:

according to the invention, the waterproof film is paved in the pit, so that not only can the water and soil loss be prevented, but also the water storage effect can be realized, the drought hazard of crops or forests and grasses can be reduced in the period of less rain and drought, and the fertilizer applied to the soil, the nutrient elements and pollutants of the soil can be prevented from penetrating into the groundwater or flowing into other places, and the pollution of the groundwater or river and lake water can be reduced.

Secondly, the technical scheme is regarded as a whole or from the perspective of products, and the technical scheme to be protected has the following technical effects and advantages:

the water and soil loss prevention and control method is simple and convenient to operate, can be used for many years after being put into the water and soil for one time, and can store water and prevent nutrient elements and pollutants of soil from penetrating into underground water. In addition, the invention can store water without reducing the area of cultivated land (or forest land or grassland), and can improve the drought resistance of plants.

Thirdly, as inventive supplementary evidence of the claims of the present invention, the following important aspects are also presented:

1) The technical scheme of the invention fills the technical blank in the domestic and foreign industries:

agricultural drought problems have been one of the key factors threatening the high yield of crops. In order to solve the problem of agricultural drought, a traditional method is to build a reservoir, a reservoir and the like. But reservoirs and reservoirs can reduce the cultivated land area. The invention fills the blank of agricultural water storage technology under the condition of not reducing the cultivated land area.

2) The technical scheme of the invention solves the technical problems that people are always desirous of solving but are not successful all the time:

nutrient substances such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and the like in the soil slowly permeate into the underground water under the action of rain wash and gravity, so that the problem of pollution to the underground water is caused. A great deal of science and technology workers try to solve the problem, but no effective solution is provided so far, and the invention can effectively solve the problem.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a water storage and soil erosion resistance control method based on a waterproof film according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following examples in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.

In order to fully understand how the invention may be embodied by those skilled in the art, this section is an illustrative embodiment in which the claims are presented for purposes of illustration.

As shown in fig. 1, the water storage and soil erosion prevention and control method based on the impermeable film provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps:

s101, digging pits in cultivated land or woodland or grassland;

s102, placing the excavated soil near the pit;

s103, paving one or more layers of waterproof films at the bottom of the pit, and paving the waterproof films on four walls of the pit;

s104, filling the excavated soil into the pits.

The depth of the pit in step S101 in the embodiment of the present invention varies depending on the type of land, the nature of soil, and the type of plant grown, and the length and width of the pit vary depending on the type of plant grown. When the plant is crop or grass, the depth of the pit is 30cm-2m, and the length and width are equal to those of the land block which is cultivated land or grassland, respectively. For large-area plots, the plot is divided into a plurality of sections, each section having a pit dug. For a woodland, the depth of the pit is 50cm-3m, and the length and the width are respectively larger than or equal to the length and the width of the root system of the tree on the horizontal plane.

The waterproof films on the four walls of the pit in the embodiment of the invention are paved at least 20cm lower than the depth of the pit and are used for drainage.

The waterproof film in the embodiment of the invention is a plastic film or a film made of other waterproof materials.

In order to prove the inventive and technical value of the technical solution of the present invention, this section is an application example on specific products or related technologies of the claim technical solution.

In order to prove the creative and technical value of the technical scheme of the invention, a test is carried out in a farmland (about 284 square meters in area) in the Yangtze river area of Chengdu city in 3 months of 2022, at the moment, crops are not planted in the farmland, a pit is optionally formed in the farmland, a pit with the length of 7 meters and the width of 3 meters and the depth of 0.6 meter is dug in the test, a film made of waterproof materials is paved in the pit, the dug soil is filled in the pit, and drainage ditches with the depth of 0.2 meter are arranged around the pit to prevent the pit from excessively damaging root systems of the crops due to water storage. And sowing corn in the farmland for 3 months and 18 days, wherein the farmland with the pit digging and other farmland are kept the same with the post-cultivation management measures of the corn.

The embodiment of the invention has a great advantage in the research and development or use process, and has the following description in combination with data, charts and the like of the test process.

Test results show that compared with the corn planted by the conventional scheme, the corn planted by the technical scheme of the invention can effectively relieve the adverse effect of seasonal drought, fully utilizes fertilizer applied to soil, and improves the corn yield by 16.47%. Because the film made of the waterproof material is paved in the soil, nutrient substances such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and the like in the soil and pollutants in the soil are prevented from slowly penetrating into underground water under the action of rain wash and gravity, so that the water pollution problem is relieved.

The foregoing is merely illustrative of specific embodiments of the present invention, and the scope of the invention is not limited thereto, but any modifications, equivalents, improvements and alternatives falling within the spirit and principles of the present invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. The water storage and soil erosion resistance control method based on the waterproof film is characterized by comprising the following steps of:

digging pits in cultivated land, forest land or grassland;

placing the excavated soil near the pit;

and step four, filling the excavated soil into the pits.

2. The method for water storage and soil erosion resistance control based on a water impermeable film according to claim 1, wherein the depth of the pit in the first step is varied depending on the type of soil, the nature of soil and the type of plant grown, and the length and width of the pit are varied depending on the type of plant grown.

3. The method for water storage and soil erosion resistance control based on a water impermeable film according to claim 2, wherein when the plant is crop or grass, the depth of the pit is 30cm-2m, and the length and width are equal to the length and width of the land block of the cultivated land or grassland, respectively.

4. A water storage and soil erosion resistance control method based on a water impermeable film according to claim 3 wherein for large areas of land, the land is divided into a plurality of sections, each section being dug with a pit.

5. The water storage and soil erosion prevention and control method based on a water impermeable film according to claim 2, wherein the depth of the pit is 50cm-3m for a woodland, and the length and width are respectively greater than or equal to the length and width of the root system of the tree on the horizontal plane.

6. The method for water storage and soil erosion resistance control based on a water impermeable film according to claim 1, wherein the water impermeable film of the walls of the pit is laid at a height at least 20cm below the depth of the pit for drainage.

7. The method for water storage and soil erosion resistance control based on a water impermeable film according to claim 1, wherein the water impermeable film is a plastic or other water impermeable material.

8. A crop planting method, characterized in that the crop planting method uses the water storage and soil erosion resistance control method based on the impermeable film according to any one of claims 1 to 7.

9. A method for preventing loss of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients in soil, which is characterized in that the method for preventing loss of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients in soil uses the water storage and soil erosion prevention method based on the impermeable film according to any one of claims 1 to 7.

10. A method for preventing the infiltration of contaminants in soil into the ground, characterized in that the method for preventing the infiltration of contaminants in soil into the ground uses the water storage and soil erosion resistance control method based on a water impermeable film according to any one of claims 1 to 7.