CN116073324A - 一种具有故障报警及诊断功能的智能继电器盒 - Google Patents
一种具有故障报警及诊断功能的智能继电器盒 Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
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- H02H3/24—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to undervoltage or no-voltage
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- H02M1/08—Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters
- H02M1/088—Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters for the simultaneous control of series or parallel connected semiconductor devices
- H02M1/092—Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters for the simultaneous control of series or parallel connected semiconductor devices the control signals being transmitted optically
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种具有故障报警及诊断功能的智能继电器盒,其控制电路板的总线接口/控制电路与驾驶室内的BCM车身控制模块电连接,BCM车身控制模块与组合仪表电连接;总线接口/控制电路一端连接过压/欠压保护电路,过压/欠压保护电路输入端连接电源正极,总线接口/控制电路另一端连接关断/开启控制模块,关断/开启控制模块输出端连接MOS开关管栅极,电流检测模块一端连接电源正极,电流检测模块另一端连接MOS开关管漏极,MOS开关管源极连接负载单元一端,负载单元另一端连接电源负极。本发明具有故障报警功能和维修排查功能,同时具有过压、欠压、过流等负载保护及线路保护功能,采用MOS管作为开关控制管,可靠性好。
Description
技术领域:
本发明涉及汽车控制技术领域,尤其涉及一种具有故障报警及诊断功能的智能继电器盒。
背景技术:
目前绝大部分汽车采用机械继电器控制灯光、雨刮、电喇叭等负载,机械式继电器有以下缺点:
a)机械继电器无法实现负载过压/过流保护:
当系统电压过高时(例如发电机输出电压异常升高导致系统电压升高),或负载电流异常升高时(感性负载出现匝间短路导致电流升高)不能主动关闭负载回路,可能会对负载造成一定的影响甚至烧毁。
b)无法实现故障报警提示,用户在使用某功能前无法了解该功能是否正常。例如:车辆前照灯损坏后,用户在驾驶车辆前无法获得提示信息。
c)汽车用机械继电器工作电压有12VDC和24VDC两种,其外形、引脚定义相同,但是由于电压不同不能互换,通用性差。
d)机械继电器触点通/断时有机械动作,产生通断噪声,长期使用存在机械疲劳的现象。首先,机械继电器工作在大电流时容易产生火花造成触点烧蚀,使可靠性降低。其次,机械继电器触点吸合/释放时产生火花,因此在特种辆中(如油罐车、燃气车、易燃易爆运输车)不宜选用机械继电器。再次,继电器线圈为感性元件,继电器动作时对外界会产生一定的电磁干扰。
发明内容:
本发明的目的在于提供一种具有故障报警及诊断功能的智能继电器盒,以解决现有技术的不足。
本发明由如下技术方案实施:一种具有故障报警及诊断功能的智能继电器盒,包括盒体和设置在盒体内的控制电路板,所述控制电路板包括总线接口/控制电路、过压/欠压保护电路、电流检测模块、关断/开启控制模块、MOS开关管,所述总线接口/控制电路与驾驶室内的BCM车身控制模块电连接,所述BCM车身控制模块与组合仪表电连接;所述总线接口/控制电路一端连接过压/欠压保护电路,所述过压/欠压保护电路输入端连接电源正极,所述总线接口/控制电路另一端连接关断/开启控制模块,所述关断/开启控制模块输出端连接MOS开关管栅极,所述电流检测模块一端连接电源正极,所述电流检测模块另一端连接MOS开关管漏极,所述MOS开关管源极连接负载单元一端,所述负载单元另一端连接电源负极。
进一步的,所述电流检测模块、MOS开关管、负载单元为多组并联。
进一步的,所述负载单元包括远光灯、近光灯、前雾灯、电喇叭、前雨刮。
进一步的,所述过压/欠压保护电路为窗口比较电压检测电路。
进一步的,所述电流检测模块为基于串联电阻分压电路与电压跟随器的电路,其中串联电阻分压电路的分压端连接电压跟随器的同相端。
进一步的,所述关断/开启控制模块为基于光电耦合器的隔离控制电路。
进一步的,所述电源为包含12V和24V直流电压的电路,且12V和24V通过切换开关切换。
进一步的,所述总线接口/控制电路为接线座。
本发明的优点:
1、本发明具有故障报警功能,用户每次用车前,可以通过组合仪表提示信息了解车辆的状况,避免意外驾驶故障车辆发生危险;
其次,具有负载保护及线路保护,当系统出现过压或欠压、负载回路过流时,主动关闭MOS开关;最后,还具有故障维修排查功能,当MOS开关驱动的负载回路出现故障时,智能MOS开关单元将该故障代码上报BCM进行保存,维修过程中可以使用诊断仪读出具体的故障信息,有助于故障的排查检修。
2、本发明通过MOS开关进行负载开关控制,MOS开关为电压控制器件,开关速度快,开启和关闭期间对外干扰极小;MOS开关无机械触点、无火花,不存在触点烧蚀、机械疲劳的情况。
3、本发明设计总线接口/控制电路优化线束设计,智能MOS开关单元安装(或集成)在发动机舱配电盒内,发动机舱线束本身设计有总线回路,可取消驾驶室到发动机舱配电盒内的控制线(减少导线的根数),智能MOS开关可以直接从发动机舱线束获取总线,不需另外再增加线束回路。
附图说明:
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案,下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍,显而易见地,下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例,对于本领域普通技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动的前提下,还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本发明实施例的一种具有故障报警及诊断功能的智能继电器盒的控制电路原理框图;
图2为本发明实施例的一种具有故障报警及诊断功能的智能继电器盒的过压/欠压保护电路原理图;
图3为本发明实施例的一种具有故障报警及诊断功能的智能继电器盒的过压/欠压保护电路工作原理坐标图;
图4为本发明实施例的一种具有故障报警及诊断功能的智能继电器盒的电流检测模块电路原理图;
图5为本发明实施例的一种具有故障报警及诊断功能的智能继电器盒的关断/开启控制模块电路原理图。
具体实施方式:
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
如图1所示,一种具有故障报警及诊断功能的智能继电器盒,包括盒体和设置在盒体内的控制电路板,控制电路板包括总线接口/控制电路3、过压/欠压保护电路4、电流检测模块5、关断/开启控制模块6、MOS开关管9,总线接口/控制电路3与驾驶室内的BCM车身控制模块1电连接,BCM车身控制模块1与组合仪表2电连接;总线接口/控制电路3一端连接过压/欠压保护电路4,过压/欠压保护电路4输入端连接电源8正极,总线接口/控制电路3另一端连接关断/开启控制模块6,关断/开启控制模块6输出端连接MOS开关管9栅极,电流检测模块5一端连接电源8正极,电流检测模块5另一端连接MOS开关管9漏极,MOS开关管9源极连接负载单元7一端,负载单元7另一端连接电源负极。
其中,电流检测模块5、MOS开关管9、负载单元7为多组并联。负载单元7包括远光灯、近光灯、前雾灯、电喇叭、前雨刮。
如图2所示,过压/欠压保护电路4为窗口比较电压检测电路。窗口比较器的电压传输特性如图3所示。窗口电压比较器有两个阈值电压,在输入电压由大变小或由小变大时,输出电压会跃变两次。
当输入电压ui>URH时,uo1=+UOM,uo2=﹣UOM,因而二级管D1导通、D2截止,所以电路的输出电压uo=UZ。
当输入电压ui<URL时uo1=﹣UOM,uo2=+UOM,因而二级管D1截止、D2导通,所以电路的输出电压uo=UZ。
当输入电压URL<ui<URH时,uo1=﹣UOM,uo2=﹣UOM,因而二级管D1和D2都截止,所以电路的输出电压uo=0。
利用此原理,将过压/欠压保护电路通过串联电阻分压设置为上限电压(代表过压值、下限电压代表欠压值),当输入电压ui在上限电压、下限电压范围内,则过压/欠压保护电路输出低电平对应上面的0,当过压或者欠压,则输出高电平(上述UZ)。过压/欠压保护电路输出的电平值通过总线接口/控制电路3传输到BCM车身控制模块1。
如图4所示,电流检测模块5为基于串联电阻分压电路与电压跟随器的电路,其中串联电阻分压电路的分压端连接电压跟随器的同相端。如图,通过电阻R1、R2组成分压电路,其中R2可调,结合图1所示,通过将流过负载的电压值(反映了流过负载的电流)经过电压跟随器,通过总线接口/控制电路3传输到BCM车身控制模块1。
如图5所示,关断/开启控制模块6为基于光电耦合器的隔离控制电路。用于接收BCM车身控制模块1通过总线接口/控制电路3发送来的控制信号。由于BCM车身控制模块1的控制信号发送到MOS开关管,如果控制电压信号不稳定(比如高频干扰或者抖动信号),则开关管会误动作,通过光电耦合器的隔离可以解决这一问题。
电源8为包含12V和24V直流电压的电路,且12V和24V通过切换开关切换,切换开关可以类似扭子开关原理的开关,也可以是电子切换开关。
总线接口/控制电路3为接线座,用于将电压、电流采集信号和控制信号通过接线座统一管理。
本发明电路组成主要包括:MOS开关管9、关断/开启控制模块6、过压/欠压保护电路4以及总线接口/控制电路3、电流检测模块5。如图1所示。
智能MOS开关集成在机舱保险丝盒内,其输出端口控制相应的负载,总线接口通过数据总线进入驾驶室与BCM(或其他控制单元)通讯。BCM通过数据总线控制智能MOS开关,可实现远光灯、近光灯、前雾灯、电喇叭、前雨刮等负载单元功能的控制。
如图1、4所示,蓄电池正极连接电流采集电路的串联分压电阻后,再与MOS开关的输入端(漏极)连接,经MOS开关后由输出端(源极)为负载供电,MOS开关的打开与关闭由BCM通过总线进行控制。电流检测模块5、MOS开关管9、负载单元7为多组并联,每一路负载均设置电流检测电路,用于监控负载的工作状态,当电路出现过流异常时进行保护。
蓄电池正极同时与过压/欠压保护电路连接,通过对蓄电池电压的监控来实现过压/欠压保护。该功能可通过软件设定过压/欠压保护的上下门限阈值,亦可以通过窗口比较电路设置上下门限阈值。比如,系统供电电压范围为6V~20V,当系统电压超过这个范围关闭输出,保护负载或电源系统的安全。
具体保护措施为:当系统电压超过设定的阈值时(过压/欠压保护)或者过流,BCM车身控制模块1通过总线接口/控制电路3输出低电平信号到关闭MOS开关栅极,使得MOS开关漏极与源极不导通,负载不能工作保护负载的安全。
同时,车辆每次上电后,智能MOS开关对所有的负载进行诊断检测,当检测的某一负载存在开路或短路故障时通过总线上报该故障到BMC,BCM将该故障转发至组合仪表,组合仪表通过声音或点亮图形符号的形式进行报警,提示用户车辆存在故障。
综上,本发明具有以下优势:
a)故障报警功能:用户每次用车前,可以通过组合仪表提示信息了解车辆的状况。避免意外驾驶故障车辆发生危险;
b)负载保护及线路保护:当系统出现过压或欠压时,主动关闭MOS开关;当负载回路出现过流时,主动关闭MOS开关;
c)故障维修排查:当MOS开关驱动的负载回路出现故障时,智能MOS开关单元将该故障代码上报BCM进行保存。维修过程中可以使用诊断仪读出具体的故障信息,有助于故障的排查检修;
d)MOS开关为电压控制器件,开关速度快,开启和关闭期间对外干扰极小;
e)MOS开关无机械触点、无火花,不存在触点烧蚀、机械疲劳的情况。
f)优化线束设计:驾驶室线束需要穿过钣金进入发动机舱,所有的控制线都需要捆扎到线束中,过多的导线捆扎在一起会导致线束安装困难。本发明的智能MOS开关单元安装(或集成)在发动机舱配电盒内,发动机舱线束本身设计有总线回路,该方案可取消驾驶室到发动机舱配电盒内的控制线(减少导线的根数),智能MOS开关可以直接从发动机舱线束获取总线,不需另外再增加线束回路。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已,并不用以限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (8)
1.一种具有故障报警及诊断功能的智能继电器盒,包括盒体和设置在盒体内的控制电路板,其特征在于,所述控制电路板包括总线接口/控制电路(3)、过压/欠压保护电路(4)、电流检测模块(5)、关断/开启控制模块(6)、MOS开关管(9),所述总线接口/控制电路(3)与驾驶室内的BCM车身控制模块(1)电连接,所述BCM车身控制模块(1)与组合仪表(2)电连接;所述总线接口/控制电路(3)一端连接过压/欠压保护电路(4),所述过压/欠压保护电路(4)输入端连接电源(8)正极,所述总线接口/控制电路(3)另一端连接关断/开启控制模块(6),所述关断/开启控制模块(6)输出端连接MOS开关管(9)栅极,所述电流检测模块(5)一端连接电源(8)正极,所述电流检测模块(5)另一端连接MOS开关管(9)漏极,所述MOS开关管(9)源极连接负载单元(7)一端,所述负载单元(7)另一端连接电源负极。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种具有故障报警及诊断功能的智能继电器盒,其特征在于,所述电流检测模块(5)、MOS开关管(9)、负载单元(7)为多组并联。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的一种具有故障报警及诊断功能的智能继电器盒,其特征在于,所述负载单元(7)包括远光灯、近光灯、前雾灯、电喇叭、前雨刮。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种具有故障报警及诊断功能的智能继电器盒,其特征在于,所述过压/欠压保护电路(4)为窗口比较电压检测电路。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种具有故障报警及诊断功能的智能继电器盒,其特征在于,所述电流检测模块(5)为基于串联电阻分压电路与电压跟随器的电路,其中串联电阻分压电路的分压端连接电压跟随器的同相端。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种具有故障报警及诊断功能的智能继电器盒,其特征在于,所述关断/开启控制模块(6)为基于光电耦合器的隔离控制电路。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种具有故障报警及诊断功能的智能继电器盒,其特征在于,所述电源(8)为包含12V和24V直流电压的电路,且12V和24V通过切换开关切换。
8.根据权利要求1所述的一种具有故障报警及诊断功能的智能继电器盒,其特征在于,所述总线接口/控制电路(3)为接线座。
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