CN116073135A - Mechanical polarization-adjusting reconfigurable array antenna - Google Patents

Mechanical polarization-adjusting reconfigurable array antenna Download PDF

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Publication number
CN116073135A
CN116073135A CN202310179748.1A CN202310179748A CN116073135A CN 116073135 A CN116073135 A CN 116073135A CN 202310179748 A CN202310179748 A CN 202310179748A CN 116073135 A CN116073135 A CN 116073135A
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China
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polarization
array antenna
metal
table top
driven
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CN202310179748.1A
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李建星
吴思凡
何景涛
陈娟
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Xian Jiaotong University
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Xian Jiaotong University
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Priority to CN202310179748.1A priority Critical patent/CN116073135A/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
    • H01Q13/10—Resonant slot antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
    • H01Q15/24—Polarising devices; Polarisation filters 
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
    • Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
    • Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks

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Abstract

The invention discloses a mechanically-adjustable polarization reconfigurable array antenna, which comprises a network grid layer, an array antenna body and a mechanical adjusting mechanism, wherein the network grid layer, the array antenna body and the mechanical adjusting mechanism are sequentially arranged from top to bottom; the array antenna body comprises a metal table top, and a quarter-phase power distribution network formed by a slot gap waveguide, a ridge gap waveguide and a slot gap waveguide is arranged on the metal table top; four circular radiation cavities are arranged in the surface area of the metal table top and are distributed in a central symmetry manner; a cylindrical polarization column is arranged in each circular radiation cavity, and the lower end of the cylindrical polarization column penetrates through the bottom surface of the metal table top and extends towards the outer side of the bottom surface of the metal table top; the output end of the mechanical adjusting mechanism is connected with the extension end of the cylindrical polarization column and is used for driving the cylindrical polarization column to rotate; the invention has the characteristics of high gain, large power capacity, low assembly and installation precision, low cost and strong reliability, and has the advantage of continuously adjustable polarization direction from left-hand circular polarization to right-hand circular polarization.

Description

Mechanical polarization-adjusting reconfigurable array antenna
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of antennas, and particularly relates to a polarization-adjustable reconfigurable array antenna.
Background
The antenna is a key device of the wireless communication system and plays a role in energy conversion between the guided electromagnetic wave and the radiated electromagnetic wave; compared with a linear polarization antenna, the circular polarization antenna has the advantages of inhibiting cloud rain interference, reducing Faraday deflection effect, relaxing the relative positions of the receiving antenna and the transmitting antenna, and the like; the polarization reconfigurable antenna can change the polarization characteristics of the antenna under the condition that the working frequency and the radiation pattern are unchanged; in the satellite communication field, a receiving and transmitting function is generally realized by circularly polarized waves with different rotation directions; the polarization reconfigurable antenna can flexibly switch the polarization rotation direction, and the receiving and transmitting states of the antenna can be changed according to actual needs.
At present, the existing polarized reconfigurable antenna is generally designed with a microstrip slot or substrate integrated waveguide structure, and the radiation pattern of the antenna and the working frequency performance of the antenna are changed by utilizing the switching of a radio frequency switch or a radio frequency diode mode; however, with the increase of frequency, the cost of the high-performance dielectric substrate and the radio frequency device is high, and the environmental adaptability and the stability are low.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problems in the prior art, the invention provides a mechanically-adjusted polarization reconfigurable array antenna, which aims to solve the technical problems of higher cost, lower environmental adaptability and lower stability of the existing polarization reconfigurable antenna.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a polarization-adjustable reconfigurable array antenna, which comprises a network grid layer, an array antenna body and a mechanical adjusting mechanism, wherein the network grid layer, the array antenna body and the mechanical adjusting mechanism are sequentially arranged from top to bottom;
the array antenna body comprises a metal table top, and a quarter-divided same-phase power distribution network formed by a slot gap waveguide, a ridge gap waveguide and a slot gap waveguide is arranged on the metal table top; the top surface of the metal table top is periodically provided with metal nails;
four circular radiation cavities are arranged in the surface of the metal table top and are distributed in a central symmetry manner; a cylindrical polarization column is arranged in each circular radiation cavity, and the axis of the cylindrical polarization column is arranged in parallel with the central axis of the circular radiation cavity; the lower end of the cylindrical polarization column penetrates through the bottom surface of the metal table top and extends towards the outer side of the bottom surface of the metal table top;
the output end of the mechanical adjusting mechanism is connected with the extending end of the cylindrical polarization column; the mechanical adjusting mechanism is used for driving the cylindrical polarized column to rotate around the central axis of the circular radiation cavity and along the inner circumferential surface of the circular radiation cavity.
Further, a first groove gap waveguide, a ridge gap waveguide and two second groove gap waveguides are arranged on the metal table top; the first slot gap waveguide, the ridge gap waveguide and the two second slot gap waveguides form a quarter-phase power distribution network;
wherein the first slot gap waveguide serves as an input port of the quarter-phase in-phase power distribution network; the first slot gap waveguide is transited to the middle part of the ridge gap waveguide to form a one-to-two power distribution network; the two second slot gap waveguides are symmetrically arranged at two ends of the ridge gap waveguide, and the two ends of the ridge gap waveguide are respectively inserted into the middle parts of the two second slot gap waveguides to form a one-to-two power distribution network.
Further, an air gap constriction with a preset size is arranged in the first groove gap waveguide; wherein the air gap constriction acts as a slot gap equivalent capacitance structure.
Further, the bottom ends of the metal nails are connected with the top surface of the metal table top, and an air gap is arranged between the top ends of the metal nails and the bottom surface of the network grid layer.
Further, the metal nails adopt columnar structures with square sections; the side length of the section of each metal nail is 1mm, the height of each metal nail is 2.4mm, and the periodic interval between two adjacent metal nails is 2mm; the height dimension of the air gap is 0.1mm.
Further, the mechanical adjusting mechanism comprises a master module and four slave modules; the main power module is arranged below the center of the bottom surface of the metal table top; the four driven modules have the same structure and are uniformly distributed around the main power module;
the output ends of the main power module are connected with the input ends of the four driven modules, and the output ends of the four driven modules are respectively connected with the extension ends of the four cylindrical polarization columns; the main power module is used for inputting the rotary power for driving the cylindrical polarization column; the driven module is used for transmitting the rotation power for driving the cylindrical polarization column to the corresponding cylindrical polarization column so as to drive the cylindrical polarization column to rotate.
Further, the main power module comprises a main power turntable, a main power bearing, a main power gear and a main power shaft; the main power turntable is arranged at the end part of the bottom end of the main power table; the driving bearing and the driving gear are sequentially sleeved on the outer side of the driving shaft; the driving bearing is arranged close to one end of the main power turntable, and the driving gear is positioned in the middle of the driving shaft;
the driven module comprises a driven bearing, a driven gear, a driven shaft and a rotary table top; the driven shaft is vertically arranged below the bottom surface of the metal table top, and the driven shaft is arranged in parallel with the driving shaft; the driven bearing is sleeved outside the bottom end of the driven shaft, and the driven gear is sleeved outside the middle of the driven shaft; wherein the driving gear and the driven gear are mutually meshed and connected;
the rotary table top is horizontally arranged at the top end of the driven shaft; the center of the lower end face of the rotary table top is connected with the top end of the driven shaft, and the upper end face of the rotary table top is fixed with the extending end of one of the cylindrical polarization columns; wherein, the connection point of the cylindrical polarization column and the rotary table top deviates from the center of the rotary table top.
Further, a key connection is adopted between the rotary table top and the cylindrical polarization column.
Further, a circular radiation space is periodically arranged on the network grid layer; the circular radiation spaces are separated by square metal wall grids.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention provides a mechanical polarization-adjusting reconfigurable array antenna, which is characterized in that a quarter-divided same-phase power distribution network formed by a groove gap waveguide, a ridge gap waveguide and a groove gap waveguide is arranged on a metal table top; by arranging four circular radiation cavities in the surface of the metal table top, the electromagnetic energy with the same amplitude and phase is fed into the circular radiation cavities; by loading a cylindrical polarization column in each circular radiation cavity, the electric field is subjected to perturbation by using the cylindrical polarization column, so that circular polarization radiation conditions are met; the cylindrical polarization column is driven to rotate through the mechanical adjusting mechanism, so that the position of the cylindrical polarization column relative to the circular radiation cavity is controlled, and the circular polarization rotation direction of the antenna is changed; the device has the characteristics of high gain, high efficiency, large power capacity, low assembly and installation precision, low cost and strong reliability; meanwhile, the method has the advantage of continuously adjusting the polarization direction from left-hand circular polarization to right-hand circular polarization.
Furthermore, by arranging the air gap constriction on the first slot gap waveguide and using the air gap constriction as a slot gap equivalent capacitance structure, the matching performance of the power distribution network can be effectively improved, and the matching performance of the antenna is further improved.
Further, the mechanical adjusting mechanism adopts a combination mode of a main power module and four driven modules, and the four driven modules are utilized to respectively drive and adjust the four cylindrical polarization columns, so that the accurate adjustment of the positions of the cylindrical polarization columns is ensured, and the reliability of the antenna is effectively ensured.
Furthermore, the main power module and the driven module are in a combined form of a bearing, a rotating shaft and a gear, so that the structure is simple, the power transmission route is clear, the reliability is high, and the assembly precision requirement and the cost are low.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a mechanically tuned polarization reconfigurable array antenna according to an embodiment;
fig. 2 is a schematic top view of an array antenna body according to an embodiment;
FIG. 3 is a side view of a mechanically tuned polarization reconfigurable array antenna according to an embodiment;
FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating a simulation of the scattering parameters and the axial ratio of a mechanically tuned polarization reconfigurable array antenna according to an embodiment;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing the position of a cylindrical polarization column when a mechanically tuned polarization reconfigurable array antenna radiates a left-hand circularly polarized wave according to an embodiment;
fig. 6 is a radiation pattern of a circular polarization mode at 12.5GHz, phi=0° when the mechanically tuned polarization reconfigurable array antenna radiates a left-hand circular polarized wave according to the embodiment;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram showing the position of a cylindrical polarization column when a mechanically tuned polarization reconfigurable array antenna radiates right-hand circularly polarized waves according to an embodiment;
fig. 8 is a radiation pattern of a circular polarization mode at 12.5GHz, phi=0° when the mechanically tuned polarization reconfigurable array antenna radiates right-hand circular polarized waves according to the embodiment;
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram showing the position of a cylindrical polarization column when a mechanically tuned polarization reconfigurable array antenna radiates horizontally linear polarized waves according to an embodiment;
fig. 10 is a radiation pattern of a circular polarization mode at 12.5GHz, phi=0° when the mechanically tuned polarization reconfigurable array antenna radiates a horizontal linear polarized wave according to the embodiment.
Wherein, 1 network grid layer, 2 array antenna body, 3 mechanical adjusting mechanism; 21 metal mesa, 22 metal peg, 23 first slot gap waveguide, 24 ridge gap waveguide, 25 second slot gap waveguide, 26 circular radiation cavity; 231 slot gap equivalent capacitance structure; 261 cylindrical polarization column; 31 main driving turntable, 32 driving bearing, 33 driven bearing, 34 driving gear, 35 driven gear, 36 driving shaft, 37 driven shaft, 38 rotary table.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical problems, technical schemes and beneficial effects solved by the invention more clear, the following specific embodiments are used for further describing the invention in detail. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Examples
As shown in fig. 1-3, the embodiment provides a mechanically-adjusted polarization reconfigurable array antenna, which comprises a network grid layer 1, an array antenna body 2 and a mechanical adjusting mechanism 3 which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom; the network grid layer 1 is used for reducing the grid lobe level of the far-field directional diagram; the array antenna body 2 comprises a power distribution network and four circular radiation cavities, wherein the power distribution network is designed by using a gap waveguide technology, and each circular radiation cavity is provided with a cylindrical polarization column; the mechanical adjusting mechanism 3 is used for adjusting the position of the cylindrical polarization column in the cylindrical radiation cavity so as to change the radiation circular polarization rotation direction of the array antenna body.
In this embodiment, circular radiation spaces are periodically arranged on the network grid layer 1, the circular radiation spaces are arranged in one-to-one correspondence with the circular radiation cavities in the array antenna body 2, and the circular radiation spaces are separated by square metal wall grids; the height and the width of the square metal wall grid are adjusted, so that the grating lobe level of electromagnetic waves in a far field can be effectively reduced, and the antenna gain is increased.
In this embodiment, the array antenna body 2 includes a metal mesa 21, and a one-to-four in-phase power distribution network formed by using a slot gap waveguide-ridge gap waveguide-slot gap waveguide is disposed on the metal mesa 21; specifically, the metal mesa 21 is provided with a first slot gap waveguide 23, a ridge gap waveguide 24 and two second slot gap waveguides 25; the first slot gap waveguide 23, the ridge gap waveguide 24 and the two second slot gap waveguides 25 form the quarter in-phase power distribution network; wherein the first slot gap waveguide 23 serves as an input port of the one-to-four in-phase power distribution network; the first slot gap waveguide 23 is transited to the middle part of the ridge gap waveguide 24 to form a one-to-two power distribution network; the two second slot gap waveguides 25 are symmetrically arranged at two ends of the ridge gap waveguide 24, and the two ends of the ridge gap waveguide 24 are respectively inserted into the middle parts of the two second slot gap waveguides 25 to form a one-to-two power distribution network; preferably, an air gap constriction of a preset size is disposed in the first slot gap waveguide 23, and the air gap constriction is used as a slot gap equivalent capacitance structure 231; wherein, the first slot gap waveguide 23 and the second slot gap waveguide 25 are both E-plane slot gap waveguides; the reason for adopting the E-plane slot gap waveguide is that compared with the traditional H-plane slot gap waveguide, the utilization rate of the horizontal space of the antenna is higher, so that the space between the radiating units is smaller; by arranging the ridge gap waveguide between the first groove gap waveguide 23 and the second groove gap waveguide 25 so as to utilize the one-to-two conversion from the groove gap waveguide to the ridge gap waveguide, the phase inversion of the E-plane groove gap waveguide during one-to-two power distribution can be avoided; meanwhile, by arranging air gap constriction on the first slot gap waveguide and using the air gap constriction as a slot gap equivalent capacitance structure, the matching performance of the power distribution network can be effectively improved, and the matching performance of the antenna is further improved; preferably, the width of the E-plane slot gap waveguide is 2mm, and the height is 10.67mm.
The top surface of the metal table-board 21 is periodically provided with metal nails 22, the bottom ends of the metal nails 22 are connected with the top surface of the metal table-board 21, and an air gap is arranged between the top ends of the metal nails 22 and the ground of the network grid layer 1; wherein, the metal nails 22 adopt a columnar structure with square cross section; the side length of the section of the metal nail 22 is 1mm, and the height of the metal nail 22 is 2.4mm; the periodic spacing between two adjacent metal studs 22 is 2mm and the height dimension of the air gap is 0.1mm.
Four circular radiation cavities 26 are arranged in the surface of the metal table-board 21, and the four circular radiation cavities 26 are distributed in a central symmetry manner; wherein, the upper end of the circular radiation cavity 26 is communicated with the top surface of the metal table-board 21, and the lower end of the circular radiation cavity 26 is communicated with the bottom surface of the metal table-board 21; a cylindrical polarization column 261 is arranged in each circular radiation cavity 26, and the axis of the cylindrical polarization column 261 is parallel to the central axis of the circular radiation cavity 26; the lower end of the cylindrical polarization column 261 penetrates through the bottom surface of the metal table top 21 and extends towards the outer side of the bottom surface of the metal table top 21; wherein the radius of the circular radiating cavity 26 is related to the radiating frequency; preferably, the diameter of the circular radiation cavity is 9mm; the circular polarization direction of the antenna can be adjusted by adjusting the position of the polarization column, and when the connecting line of the central axes of the cylindrical polarization column and the circular radiation cavity deviates 45 degrees from the groove gap waveguide direction anticlockwise, the antenna radiates left-hand circular polarized waves.
In this embodiment, the output end of the mechanical adjusting mechanism 3 is connected to the extending end of the cylindrical polarization column 261; the mechanical adjusting mechanism 3 is used for driving the cylindrical polarized column 261 to rotate around the central axis of the circular radiating cavity 261 and along the inner circumferential surface of the circular radiating cavity 26; the mechanical adjusting mechanism 3 comprises a master power module and four slave power modules, wherein the master power module is arranged below the center of the bottom surface of the metal table-board 21; the four driven modules have the same structure and are uniformly distributed around the main power module; the output ends of the main power module are connected with the input ends of the four driven modules, and the output ends of the four driven modules are respectively connected with the extension ends of the four cylindrical polarization columns 261; the main power module is used for inputting the rotation power for driving the cylindrical polarization column 261; the driven module is used for transmitting the rotation power for driving the cylindrical polarization column 261 to the corresponding cylindrical polarization column 261 so as to drive the cylindrical polarization column 261 to rotate.
Specifically, the main power module includes a main power turntable 31, a main power bearing 32, a main power gear 34, and a main power shaft 36; the driving shaft 36 is vertically arranged below the center of the bottom surface of the metal table top 21, and the central axis of the driving shaft 36 is overlapped with the central axis of the metal table top 21; the main power turntable 31 is arranged at the bottom end part of the main power shaft 36, and the main power bearing 32 and the main power gear 34 are sequentially sleeved on the outer side of the main power shaft 36; the driving bearing 32 is disposed near one end of the driving turntable 31, the driving gear 34 is located in the middle of the driving shaft 36, and an outer ring of the driving gear 34 is connected with four driven modules.
Specifically, the driven module comprises a driven bearing 33, a driven gear 35, a driven shaft 37 and a rotary table 38; the driven shaft 37 is vertically arranged below the bottom surface of the metal table-board 21, the driven shaft 37 is arranged in parallel with the driving shaft 37, and the central axis of the driven shaft 37 coincides with the central axis of the circular radiation cavity 26; the driven bearing 33 is sleeved outside the bottom end of the driven shaft 37, and the driven gear 35 is sleeved outside the middle of the driven shaft 37; wherein the driving gear 34 is meshed with the driven gear 35; the rotary table 38 is horizontally arranged at the top end of the driven shaft 37; the center of the lower end surface of the rotary table 38 is connected with the top end of the driven shaft 37, and the upper end surface of the rotary table 38 is fixed with the extending end of one of the cylindrical polarization columns 261; wherein, the connection point of the cylindrical polarization column 261 and the rotary table 38 is arranged offset from the center of the rotary table 38, and a key connection is adopted between the rotary table 38 and the cylindrical polarization column 261.
In this embodiment, the main power turntable 31 is used to drive the driving gear 34 on the driving shaft 36 to rotate by rotating the main power turntable 31; because of the rotation process of the driving gear 34, the four driven gears 35 meshed with the driving gear 34 can be driven to synchronously rotate, so that the four driven shafts 37 can be rotated; because the driven shaft 37 is fixedly connected with the rotary table top 38, and the rotary table top 38 is fixedly connected with the cylindrical polarization column 261, the rotary table top can drive the cylindrical polarization column 261 to rotate; the driving bearing, the driven bearing, the driving gear and the driven gear all adopt standard systems, so that the processing is convenient; the driving gear and the driven gear are standard straight-tooth cylindrical gears, and the number of teeth of the driving gear is 16; the number of teeth of the driven gear is 13, the modulus is 1.25, and the pressure angle is 20 degrees; the driving bearing and the driven bearing are deep groove ball bearings, the driven bearing is a 604GB276-94 bearing, the inner diameter of the driven bearing is 4mm, the outer diameter of the driven bearing is 12mm, and the width of the driven bearing is 4mm; the driving bearing adopts a bearing of 602 GB276-94, the inner diameter of the driving bearing is 6mm, the outer diameter of the driving bearing is 17mm, and the width of the driving bearing is 6mm; when the device is used, the driving bearing and the driven bearing are fixed on the device shell so as to realize the fixed installation of the mechanical adjusting mechanism.
Working principle:
when the mechanically-adjusted polarization reconfigurable array antenna is used, electromagnetic energy is fed in by a first slot gap waveguide, the first time of one-to-two distribution of power is completed from the first slot gap waveguide to a ridge gap waveguide, then the second time of one-to-two distribution of power is completed from the ridge gap waveguide to a second slot gap waveguide, the electromagnetic energy enters four circular radiation cavities, and finally the electromagnetic energy enters the four circular radiation cavities from a feeding position in one-to-four mode; a cylindrical polarization column is arranged in each circular radiation cavity, and electromagnetic energy is subjected to perturbation by using the cylindrical polarization column, so that circular polarization radiation adjustment is satisfied; the driving gear is driven to rotate through the driving shaft in the rotating process of the rotating force turntable by rotating the driving shaft, and the driven shaft is driven to rotate due to the meshing of the driving gear and the driven gear; when the driven shaft rotates, the rotary table board is driven to rotate, and then the cylindrical polarization column is driven to rotate around the central axis of the circular radiation cavity, so that the effect of changing the radiation performance of the antenna is achieved, the antenna polarization rotation direction is switched according to actual conditions, and the receiving and transmitting modes of the antenna are switched.
The manufacturing method comprises the following steps:
in the processing of the mechanically adjustable polarization reconfigurable array antenna, according to the structural design requirement, an antenna substrate is processed and manufactured by adopting an additive manufacturing process of a photo-curing forming technology, and then the surface of the antenna substrate is treated by an electroplated copper process to realize surface metallization, so that the mechanically adjustable polarization reconfigurable array antenna is obtained; by adopting the manufacturing process, the antenna has light weight, and the mechanical load of the system is reduced; compared with the traditional numerical control mechanical milling method, the method has the advantage that the processing cost is remarkably reduced.
As shown in fig. 4, fig. 4 shows a simulation structure diagram of scattering parameters and axial ratio of the mechanically tuned polarization reconfigurable array antenna according to the embodiment; as can be seen from fig. 4, the impedance bandwidth of the mechanically tuned polarization reconfigurable array antenna is 5.3% under the conditions of 11.74GHz-12.38GHz and-10 dB; the axial ratio bandwidth of the antenna is 5.7% under the conditions of 11.68GHz-12.37GHz and 3 dB.
As shown in fig. 5-6, fig. 5 shows a schematic diagram of the position of the cylindrical polarization column when the mechanically tuned polarization reconfigurable array antenna according to the embodiment radiates a left-hand circularly polarized wave, and fig. 6 shows a circular polarization mode radiation pattern when the mechanically tuned polarization reconfigurable array antenna according to the embodiment radiates a left-hand circularly polarized wave at 12.5GHz, phi=0°; as can be seen from figures 5-6, the antenna has the advantages of 16.1dB of left-hand circular polarization gain, 23 DEG of half-power beam width, -12dB of side lobe level, less than-30 dB of cross polarization level, high gain, high circular polarization purity and low polarization level.
As shown in fig. 7-8, fig. 7 shows a schematic diagram of the position of the cylindrical polarization column when the mechanically tuned polarization reconfigurable array antenna according to the embodiment radiates right-hand circularly polarized waves, and fig. 8 shows a circular polarization mode radiation pattern when the mechanically tuned polarization reconfigurable array antenna according to the embodiment radiates right-hand circularly polarized waves at 12.5GHz, phi=0°; as can be seen from figures 7-8, the antenna has the advantages of 16.1dB of left-hand circular polarization gain, 23 DEG of half-power beam width, -12dB of side lobe level, less than-30 dB of cross polarization level, high gain, high circular polarization purity and low polarization level.
As shown in fig. 9-10, fig. 9 shows a schematic diagram of the position of the cylindrical polarization column when the mechanically tuned polarization reconfigurable array antenna according to the embodiment radiates a horizontal linear polarized wave, and fig. 10 shows a circular polarization mode radiation pattern when the mechanically tuned polarization reconfigurable array antenna according to the embodiment radiates a horizontal linear polarized wave at 12.5GHz, phi=0°; as can be seen from figures 9-10, the antenna has the advantages of 16.3dB of left-hand circular polarization gain, 23.3 DEG of half-power beam width, 11.7dB of side lobe level, less than-50 dB of cross polarization level, high gain and low cross polarization level.
The invention relates to a mechanical polarization-adjusting reconfigurable array antenna, which comprises a network grid layer, an array antenna body and a mechanical adjusting mechanism, wherein the array antenna body is provided with a power distribution network formed by combining a slot gap waveguide and a ridge gap waveguide and circular radiation cavities, each circular radiation cavity is provided with a cylindrical polarization column, and the cylindrical polarization column is connected with the mechanical adjusting mechanism so as to drive the cylindrical polarization to rotate by using the mechanical adjusting mechanism; in the array antenna body, energy is fed in through a wave port, the power is distributed in one-to-two mode from a slot gap waveguide to a ridge gap waveguide, the second power distribution is completed from the ridge gap waveguide to the slot gap waveguide, the power enters a cylindrical radiation unit in one-to-four mode from a feed position, and then the electromagnetic field energy is subjected to perturbation through a polarization column, so that the circular polarization radiation condition is met; the mechanical adjusting mechanism drives the driven gear on the driven shaft to rotate through a driving gear on the driving shaft by rotating the driving turntable, so that the driven shaft rotates; and connecting a rotary table top on the driven shaft with the cylindrical polarization column through a key, so that the cylindrical polarization column rotates around the central axis of the circular radiation cavity, and the radiation performance of the antenna is changed.
The working frequency band of the mechanically-adjusted polarization reconfigurable array antenna is a Ku wave band, so that the advantages of comprehensively utilizing a gap waveguide technology and mechanically-adjusted reconfigurability are realized; electromagnetic energy is fed by the slot gap waveguide and transmitted in phase to the ridge gap waveguide; a slot gap waveguide and a ridge gap waveguide form a quarter power distribution network to realize the feeding of electromagnetic energy with equal amplitude and same phase into a circular radiation cavity; the cylindrical polarization column is loaded in the circular radiation cavity, and the electric field is subjected to perturbation by using the cylindrical polarization column, so that circular polarization radiation conditions are met; wherein, there is only one cylindrical polarization column of each circular radiation cavity, in order to facilitate the impedance matching of the aerial; the mechanical adjusting mechanism is used for controlling the position of the cylindrical polarization column relative to the circular radiation cavity, so that the purpose of changing the circular polarization rotation direction of the antenna is realized; the cylindrical polarization column is connected with the mechanical adjusting mechanism, and the position of the cylindrical polarization column is controlled by rotating the main power turntable, so that the circular polarization rotation direction of the antenna is switched.
In the invention, by utilizing the gap waveguide technology, the metal is not required to be in close electrical contact, the assembly precision and cost are reduced, the antenna efficiency is improved by the all-metal structure, the cost of the mechanical adjusting device is low, and the stability is high; meanwhile, a driving gear on a driving shaft is driven to rotate by a main power turntable of a rotating mechanical part, the driving gear drives a driven gear to enable a driven shaft to rotate, and the driven shaft is connected with a cylindrical platform surface, so that the position of a cylindrical polarization column relative to a circular radiation cavity is controlled by using the mechanical regulating mechanism, the antenna is enabled to continuously change from a left-hand circular polarized wave to a linear polarized wave to a right-hand circular polarized wave, the purpose of switching the polarization direction of the antenna according to actual conditions is achieved, and the receiving and transmitting mode of the antenna is switched; therefore, the array antenna has the advantages of high gain, high efficiency, low cost, high stability and the like.
The above embodiment is only one of the implementation manners capable of implementing the technical solution of the present invention, and the scope of the claimed invention is not limited to the embodiment, but also includes any changes, substitutions and other implementation manners easily recognized by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. The array antenna capable of mechanically adjusting polarization is characterized by comprising a network grid layer (1), an array antenna body (2) and a mechanical adjusting mechanism (3) which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom;
the array antenna body (2) comprises a metal table-board (21), wherein a one-to-four same-phase power distribution network formed by a slot gap waveguide, a ridge gap waveguide and a slot gap waveguide is arranged on the metal table-board (21); the top surface of the metal table top (21) is periodically provided with metal nails (22);
four circular radiation cavities (26) are arranged in the surface of the metal table top (21), and the four circular radiation cavities (26) are distributed in a central symmetry manner; a cylindrical polarization column (261) is arranged in each circular radiation cavity (26), and the axis of the cylindrical polarization column (261) is arranged in parallel with the central axis of the circular radiation cavity (26); the lower end of the cylindrical polarization column (261) penetrates through the bottom surface of the metal table top (21) and extends towards the outer side of the bottom surface of the metal table top (21);
the output end of the mechanical adjusting mechanism (3) is connected with the extension end of the cylindrical polarization column (261); wherein the mechanical adjusting mechanism (3) is used for driving the cylindrical polarization column (261) to rotate around the central axis of the circular radiation cavity (26) and along the inner circumferential surface of the circular radiation cavity (26).
2. A mechanically tuned polarization reconfigurable array antenna according to claim 1, wherein a first slot gap waveguide (23), a ridge gap waveguide (24) and two second slot gap waveguides (25) are provided on the metal mesa (21); the first slot gap waveguide (23), the ridge gap waveguide (24) and the two second slot gap waveguides (25) form a quarter-phase power distribution network;
wherein the first slot gap waveguide (23) acts as an input port for the one-to-four in-phase power distribution network; the first slot gap waveguide (23) is transited to the middle part of the ridge gap waveguide (24) to form a one-to-two power distribution network; the two second slot gap waveguides (25) are symmetrically arranged at two ends of the ridge gap waveguide (24), and two ends of the ridge gap waveguide (24) are respectively inserted into the middle parts of the two second slot gap waveguides (25) to form a one-to-two power distribution network.
3. A mechanically tuned polarization reconfigurable array antenna according to claim 2, wherein a predetermined size of air gap constriction is provided in the first slot gap waveguide (23); wherein the air gap constriction is a slot gap equivalent capacitance structure (231).
4. A mechanically tuned polarization reconfigurable array antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that the bottom ends of the metal pins (22) are connected to the top surface of the metal mesa (21), and that an air gap is provided between the top ends of the metal pins (22) and the bottom surface of the network grid layer (1).
5. A mechanically tuned polarization reconfigurable array antenna according to claim 4, wherein the metal pins (22) are of a square cross-section columnar structure; the side length of the section of each metal nail (22) is 1mm, the height of each metal nail (22) is 2.4mm, and the periodic interval between two adjacent metal nails (22) is 2mm; the height dimension of the air gap is 0.1mm.
6. A mechanically tuned polarization reconfigurable array antenna according to claim 1, wherein the mechanical tuning mechanism (3) comprises a master power module and four slave power modules; the main power module is arranged below the center of the bottom surface of the metal table top (21); the four driven modules have the same structure and are uniformly distributed around the main power module;
the output ends of the main power module are connected with the input ends of the four driven modules, and the output ends of the four driven modules are respectively connected with the extension ends of the four cylindrical polarization columns (261); wherein the main power module is used for inputting the rotation power for driving the cylindrical polarization column (261); the driven module is used for transmitting the rotation power for driving the cylindrical polarization column (261) to the corresponding cylindrical polarization column (261) so as to drive the cylindrical polarization column (261) to rotate.
7. A mechanically tuned polarization reconfigurable array antenna according to claim 6, wherein the main power module comprises a main power turntable (31), a main power bearing (32), a main power gear (34) and a main power shaft (36); the main power turntable (31) is arranged at the bottom end part of the main power table (36); the driving bearing (32) and the driving gear (34) are sequentially sleeved on the outer side of the driving shaft (36); wherein the driving bearing (32) is arranged close to one end of the main power turntable (31), and the driving gear (34) is positioned in the middle of the driving shaft (36);
the driven module comprises a driven bearing (33), a driven gear (35), a driven shaft (37) and a rotary table top (38); the driven shaft (37) is vertically arranged below the bottom surface of the metal table top (21), and the driven shaft (37) and the driving shaft (36) are arranged in parallel; the driven bearing (33) is sleeved outside the bottom end of the driven shaft (37), and the driven gear (35) is sleeved outside the middle of the driven shaft (37); wherein the driving gear (34) and the driven gear (35) are meshed with each other;
the rotary table top (38) is horizontally arranged at the top end of the driven shaft (37); the center of the lower end face of the rotary table top (38) is connected with the top end of the driven shaft (37), and the upper end face of the rotary table top (38) is fixed with the extending end of one of the cylindrical polarization columns (261); wherein the connection point of the cylindrical polarization column (261) and the rotary table top (38) is arranged offset from the center of the rotary table top (38).
8. A mechanically tuned polarization reconfigurable array antenna according to claim 7, wherein a bond connection is used between the rotating mesa (38) and the cylindrical polarization column (261).
9. A mechanically tuned polarization reconfigurable array antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that the network grid layer (1) is periodically provided with circular radiation spaces; the circular radiation spaces are separated by square metal wall grids.
CN202310179748.1A 2023-02-28 2023-02-28 Mechanical polarization-adjusting reconfigurable array antenna Pending CN116073135A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202310179748.1A CN116073135A (en) 2023-02-28 2023-02-28 Mechanical polarization-adjusting reconfigurable array antenna

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202310179748.1A CN116073135A (en) 2023-02-28 2023-02-28 Mechanical polarization-adjusting reconfigurable array antenna

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN116073135A true CN116073135A (en) 2023-05-05

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