CN116065192A - Method for improving hydrogen production efficiency of electrolyzed water by utilizing sound waves - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for improving hydrogen production efficiency of electrolyzed water by utilizing sound waves, relates to the technical field of hydrogen energy, and particularly relates to a method for improving hydrogen production efficiency of electrolyzed water by utilizing sound waves. The invention relates to a method for improving hydrogen production efficiency by utilizing sound waves, which is characterized in that sound waves generated by a wave generator are transmitted to a bipolar plate in an electrolytic tank, so that the degassing speed during hydrogen production by using electrolytic water is improved, and the hydrogen production efficiency by using electrolytic water is improved; a wave transmitting plate is prepared on each bipolar plate in the electrolytic tank, and the wave transmitting plates on each bipolar plate in the electrolytic tank are connected together by a wave transmitter; the wave generator is arranged on the Yu Chuanbo device, and generates sound waves which are transmitted to the bipolar plate through the wave transmitter and the wave transmitting plate. The technical scheme of the invention solves the problems of how to improve the hydrogen production efficiency and reduce the energy consumption in the prior art.

Description

Method for improving hydrogen production efficiency of electrolyzed water by utilizing sound waves

Technical Field

The invention discloses a method for improving hydrogen production efficiency of electrolyzed water by utilizing sound waves, relates to the technical field of hydrogen energy, and particularly relates to a method for improving hydrogen production efficiency of electrolyzed water by utilizing sound waves.

Background

The hydrogen energy has the characteristics of high combustion heat value, environmental protection, multiple utilization forms, energy storage capability and the like, and is gradually paid attention to in the industry. The relevant data show that the calorific value of hydrogen per unit mass is about 4 times that of coal, 3.1 times that of gasoline and 2.6 times that of natural gas.

At present, fully utilizing green hydrogen energy is the optimal choice for realizing the carbon-to-carbon peak neutralization target. The key problems of the preparation, storage, transportation, filling, utilization and other links of hydrogen are solved by utilizing the hydrogen energy. The renewable energy sources such as wind energy, solar energy and the like are utilized to electrolyze water to prepare green hydrogen, and then the pressurizing mode is utilized to achieve the hydrogen pressure required by storage, transportation, hydrogenation stations and the like.

In the process of preparing green hydrogen by using the electrolyzed water, four major categories of alkaline water hydrogen production, solid polymer (proton exchange membrane) electrolyzed water hydrogen production, solid oxide electrolyzed water hydrogen production and alkaline membrane electrolyzed water hydrogen production are mainly adopted, wherein the alkaline water hydrogen production has been widely applied, the proton exchange membrane electrolyzed water hydrogen production is a test production stage, the solid oxide electrolyzed water hydrogen production is a small test level, and the alkaline membrane electrolyzed water hydrogen production is a laboratory level.

At present, the hydrogen production technology of alkaline water generally consumes 4.5 ℃ of electricity per standard cubic meter of hydrogen, and the hydrogen production technology of proton exchange membrane electrolysis water consumes 4 ℃ of electricity. How to improve the hydrogen production efficiency and reduce the energy consumption is a technical problem which is urgent to be solved by scientific researchers.

Aiming at the problems in the prior art, a novel method for improving the hydrogen production efficiency of water electrolysis by utilizing sound waves is researched and designed, so that the problems in the prior art are overcome.

Disclosure of Invention

According to the technical problems of how to improve the hydrogen production efficiency and reduce the energy consumption, which are proposed by the prior art, a method for improving the hydrogen production efficiency of electrolyzed water by utilizing sound waves is provided. Taking a proton exchange membrane electrolytic tank or an electrolytic cell as an example, in the process of electrolyzing pure water, hydrogen is generated by a negative electrode, oxygen is generated by a positive electrode, and hydrogen and oxygen are formed at a porous electrode. The water flowing into the flow field from the anode inlet generates oxygen and hydrogen protons under the action of the anode electrocatalyst on the membrane electrode, and the hydronium protons pass through the proton exchange membrane to reach the cathode electrocatalyst on the membrane electrode to generate hydrogen, and the generated hydrogen is accompanied with migration water. The generated hydrogen and oxygen firstly generate gas nuclei on the catalyst, then accumulate into bubbles, separate from the catalyst, finally accumulate into gas flow, enter the flow field and are discharged through a public pipeline. Both the process of accelerating the detachment of the bubbles from the catalyst and the process of accelerating the escape of the bubbles from the water promote the entire water electrolysis reaction to proceed in the forward reaction direction. The invention aims to provide a method for accelerating the process from gas nuclei to bubbles and converging the gas into air flow by utilizing sound waves so as to improve the hydrogen production efficiency of water electrolysis.

The invention adopts the following technical means:

a method for improving hydrogen production efficiency by utilizing sound waves is that sound waves generated by a wave generator are transmitted to a bipolar plate in an electrolytic tank, so that the degassing speed during hydrogen production by utilizing the electrolytic water is improved, and the hydrogen production efficiency by utilizing the electrolytic water is improved;

preferably, each bipolar plate in the electrolytic cell is provided with a wave transmitting plate, and the wave transmitting plates on each bipolar plate in the electrolytic cell are connected together by using a wave transmitter;

preferably, the wave generator is mounted on the Yu Chuanbo device, and the wave generator generates sound waves which are transmitted to the bipolar plate through the wave transmitter and the wave transmitting plate.

Preferably, the bipolar plate is provided with a wave transmitting plate in one-step molding;

preferably, the processing position of the wave-transmitting plate is fixed, and the position is in a straight line during assembly;

preferably, the bipolar plate is one of a circular bipolar plate and a square bipolar plate.

Preferably, the wave-transmitting device is made of insulating materials, a plurality of insert holes are arranged in the middle of the wave-transmitting device, and the positions of the insert holes correspond to the positions of wave-transmitting plates in the electrolytic cell one by one.

Preferably, the wave generator is arranged on the Yu Chuanbo device, the wave generator can generate infrasonic wave to ultrasonic wave, the frequency is 1hz-200khz, and the power is 10-1000W; waveform introduction is divided into longitudinal waves, transverse waves and surface waves;

preferably, the wave generator adopts an electromagnetic coil wave generator when generating low-frequency-band sound waves, and adopts a piezoelectric ceramic ultrasonic wave generator when generating high-frequency-band sound waves;

preferably, the wave generator includes: longitudinal wave generator and transverse wave generator.

Preferably, a plurality of wave generators are arranged according to the plate type and the power of the electrolytic tank, and a plurality of wave transmitters and wave transmitting plates on the bipolar plates are correspondingly arranged at the same time.

Preferably, the method for improving the hydrogen production efficiency of water electrolysis by utilizing sound waves is applied to hydrogen production by water electrolysis of solid polymer (proton exchange membrane), hydrogen production by alkali water electrolysis and hydrogen production by water electrolysis of alkaline membrane.

Preferably, the method for improving the hydrogen production efficiency of the electrolyzed water by utilizing the sound waves is also suitable for improving the oxygen production efficiency.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:

1. according to the method for improving the hydrogen production efficiency of the electrolyzed water by utilizing the sound waves, the sound waves generated by the sound wave generator are transmitted to each bipolar plate through the wave transmitter, so that the transmission speed of gas generated by the electrode from gas nuclei to bubbles and then converging into gas flow when the electrolytic tank works is accelerated, the degassing speed during hydrogen production and oxygen production of the electrolyzed water is improved, and the hydrogen production and oxygen production efficiency of the electrolyzed water is improved;

2. according to the method for improving the hydrogen production efficiency of the electrolyzed water by utilizing the sound waves, the contact and collision probability of a reactant, namely water, and a membrane electrode positive electrode catalyst are increased by the high-frequency vibration superimposed on the basis of the water circulation flow rate through ultrasonic vibration, the reaction rate is improved, and the hydrogen production and oxygen production efficiency of the electrolyzed water is further improved;

3. the method for improving the hydrogen production efficiency of the electrolyzed water by utilizing the sound waves reduces the energy consumption while improving the hydrogen production and oxygen production efficiency, and reduces the input cost and the operation cost for the device equipment with the same scale hydrogen production amount;

4. the method for improving the hydrogen production efficiency by utilizing the sound waves has the advantages of simple structure, easiness in processing and manufacturing, suitability for large-scale production, and relatively simple assembly procedures and requirements and easiness in control. The method can be applied to portable movable electrochemical hydrogen production, on-site hydrogen production, fixed hydrogen hydrogenation stations and other places, and can also be applied to special places.

In conclusion, the technical scheme of the invention solves the problems of how to improve the hydrogen production efficiency and reduce the energy consumption in the prior art.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings may be obtained according to the drawings without inventive effort to a person skilled in the art.

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a flow chart for improving hydrogen production efficiency by providing a wave generator unit according to the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the structure of the electrolytic cell with the combination of the longitudinal wave device and the transverse wave device;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the structure of the electrolytic cell with the longitudinal wave generator of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a waveform diagram of an electrolytic cell with a longitudinal wave generator according to the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the structure of the electrolytic cell with transverse wave generator of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a waveform diagram of an electrolyzer with a transverse wave generator according to the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a schematic view of an electrolytic cell structure;

FIG. 8 is a schematic view of a wave-transmitting device with a plug hole according to the present invention;

FIG. 9 is a schematic view of a circular bipolar plate with a wave plate according to the present invention;

FIG. 10 is a schematic view of a square bipolar plate with a wave plate according to the present invention;

FIG. 11 is a graph showing the comparison of cell performance in example 1 of the present invention;

FIG. 12 is a graph showing comparison of cell performance in example 2 of the present invention.

In the figure: 1. the device comprises a bipolar plate 2, a flow field area 3, a wave transmitting plate 4, an anode inlet public pipeline 5, an anode outlet public pipeline 6, a cathode outlet public pipeline 7, a membrane electrode 8, a polar plate 9, an insulating plate 10, an end plate 11, a wave transmitting device 12, an inserting piece hole 13, a longitudinal wave generator 14 and a transverse wave generator.

Detailed Description

It should be noted that, without conflict, the embodiments of the present invention and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other. The invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings in connection with embodiments.

For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is merely exemplary in nature and is in no way intended to limit the invention, its application, or uses. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.

It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of exemplary embodiments according to the present invention. As used herein, the singular is also intended to include the plural unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, and furthermore, it is to be understood that the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" when used in this specification are taken to specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof.

The relative arrangement of the components and steps, numerical expressions and numerical values set forth in these embodiments do not limit the scope of the present invention unless it is specifically stated otherwise. Meanwhile, it should be clear that the dimensions of the respective parts shown in the drawings are not drawn in actual scale for convenience of description. Techniques, methods, and apparatus known to those of ordinary skill in the relevant art may not be discussed in detail, but are intended to be part of the specification where appropriate. In all examples shown and discussed herein, any specific values should be construed as merely illustrative, and not a limitation. Thus, other examples of the exemplary embodiments may have different values. It should be noted that: like reference numerals and letters denote like items in the following figures, and thus once an item is defined in one figure, no further discussion thereof is necessary in subsequent figures.

In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the azimuth or positional relationships indicated by the azimuth terms such as "front, rear, upper, lower, left, right", "lateral, vertical, horizontal", and "top, bottom", etc., are generally based on the azimuth or positional relationships shown in the drawings, merely to facilitate description of the present invention and simplify the description, and these azimuth terms do not indicate and imply that the apparatus or elements referred to must have a specific azimuth or be constructed and operated in a specific azimuth, and thus should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention: the orientation word "inner and outer" refers to inner and outer relative to the contour of the respective component itself.

Spatially relative terms, such as "above … …," "above … …," "upper surface at … …," "above," and the like, may be used herein for ease of description to describe one device or feature's spatial location relative to another device or feature as illustrated in the figures. It will be understood that the spatially relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations in use or operation in addition to the orientation depicted in the figures. For example, if the device in the figures is turned over, elements described as "above" or "over" other devices or structures would then be oriented "below" or "beneath" the other devices or structures. Thus, the exemplary term "above … …" may include both orientations of "above … …" and "below … …". The device may also be positioned in other different ways (rotated 90 degrees or at other orientations) and the spatially relative descriptors used herein interpreted accordingly.

In addition, the terms "first", "second", etc. are used to define the components, and are only for convenience of distinguishing the corresponding components, and the terms have no special meaning unless otherwise stated, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.

As shown in figure 1, the invention provides a method for improving hydrogen production efficiency of electrolyzed water by utilizing sound waves, wherein ultrasonic waves or infrasonic waves are generated by a wave generator, are transmitted to a wave transmitting plate 3 by a wave transmitting device 11, are transmitted to the whole bipolar plate 1 by the wave transmitting plate 3, and are transmitted to an aqueous solution and a membrane electrode 7. The transfer speed of gas molecules generated at the electrode from gas nuclei to bubbles and then converging into air flow is accelerated when the electrolytic cell works, and the degassing speed is improved when the electrolytic water is used for hydrogen production and oxygen production. Cavitation bubbles are generated by tiny gas nuclei in the solution, which cavitation bubbles are generated in the sparse phase of the acoustic wave due to the action of tensile stress (negative pressure). If tensile stress continues after cavitation bubbles are formed, the cavitation bubbles expand to many times their original size. In this case, cavitation bubbles remain in a spherical structure, and then grow, vibrate, collapse continuously. When the sound wave acts, the gas component in the solution can enter cavitation bubbles through directional diffusion of a gas-liquid interface, the cavitation bubbles enter a growth stage, and when the cavitation bubbles collapse on the surface of the solution, the gas can escape from the bubbles, so that the degassing effect is caused. When the sound wave is introduced, alternate vibration and pressure are generated, so that the mass transfer rate from the gas core to the air bubble and the air bubble separated from the water is accelerated, and the hydrogen production and oxygen production efficiency is improved. The high-frequency vibration superimposed on the water circulation flow velocity through ultrasonic vibration increases the contact and collision probability of reactant water and the positive electrode catalyst of the membrane electrode, improves the reaction rate in the positive direction of electrolysis, and further improves the hydrogen production and oxygen production efficiency of water electrolysis.

As shown in fig. 9 and 10, a titanium plate is processed into a circular bipolar plate 1 or a square bipolar plate 1, a wave transmitting plate 3 is processed on the bipolar plate 1 in one-step molding, and a flow field area 2 is arranged inside the bipolar plate 1; the electrolyzed water flows in through the public pipeline 4 of the bipolar plate 1, the oxygen obtained by electrolysis and unreacted water flow out through the public pipeline 5 at the outlet of the positive electrode, and the hydrogen and migration water generated at the other side of the membrane electrode 7 flow out through the public pipeline 6 at the outlet of the negative electrode. And sealing rings are arranged around the public pipelines to seal so as to prevent gas from flowing and leaking between the public pipelines.

As shown in fig. 7, according to the filter press mode, bipolar plates 1 and membrane electrodes 7 are alternately stacked and externally provided with a polar plate 8, an insulating plate 9 and an end plate 10, and are fastened to form an electrolytic cell. As shown in fig. 8, the wave-transmitting plates 3 are located on the same position, and are directly inserted into the insertion holes 12 of the wave-transmitting devices 11 in a one-to-one correspondence manner, or a resin curing type fixing mode can be adopted to fix and well contact the wave-transmitting devices 11 with the wave-transmitting plates 3. The wave transmitter 11 may be connected to the longitudinal wave generator 13 (fig. 3 and 4), or may be connected to the transverse wave generator 14 (fig. 5 and 6) to form different waveforms, or may be combined (e.g. fig. 2 shows an electrolytic tank structure with a combination of the longitudinal wave generator 13 and the transverse wave generator 14).

The invention can adopt the electromagnetic coil type to generate the infrasonic wave with the frequency of 1hz-20khz, can also adopt the piezoelectric ceramic type to generate the ultrasonic wave with the frequency of 17khz-200khz as a wave generator, has the power of 10-1000W, and can be divided into longitudinal waves, transverse waves and surface waves by waveform introduction.

Example 1

As shown in fig. 9, the invention provides a method for improving hydrogen production efficiency by water electrolysis by utilizing sound waves, which is to process a titanium plate into a circular bipolar plate 1 with a wave-transmitting plate 3, wherein the wave-transmitting plate 3 is positioned on the side surface of the bipolar plate 1. Assembled into 20 sections of electrolytic tanks, and the effective area of a single section is 150 square centimeters. A Nafion115 electrolyte membrane, an iridium black catalyst positive electrode catalyst and a platinum carbon catalyst negative electrode catalyst are adopted. The polar plate is vertical to the ground, the electrolytic tank is horizontally placed,

as shown in fig. 3 and 4, the up-converter 11 and the longitudinal wave generator 13 are connected. The ultrasonic wave generator has a frequency of 35khz and a power of 40 watts.

Cell performance after switching on the ultrasonic front of the transducer and the wave generator as shown in figure 11. Conventional, without intervening ultrasound, the electrolysis voltage was 39.2 volts at 300 amps; in the case of the intervention of ultrasound, the electrolysis voltage was 37.4 volts at a current of 300 amperes.

Example 2

As shown in fig. 10, (on the basis of embodiment 1) the invention also provides a method for improving hydrogen production efficiency of electrolyzed water by using sound waves, wherein a titanium plate is processed into a square bipolar plate 1 with a wave transmitting plate 3, and the wave transmitting plate 3 is positioned on the side surface of the bipolar plate 1. Assembled into 50 sections of electrolytic cells, and the effective area of a single section is 300 square centimeters. A Nafion115 electrolyte membrane, an iridium black catalyst positive electrode catalyst and a platinum carbon catalyst negative electrode catalyst are adopted.

As shown in fig. 5 and 6, the bipolar plate 1 is parallel to the ground and the electrolyzer is laid flat. The up-converter 11 and the transverse wave generator 14 are connected. The ultrasonic wave generator has a frequency of 65khz and a power of 100 watts.

As shown in fig. 12, when the cell performance is conventional and no intervening ultrasonic wave is present before and after the ultrasonic wave of the wave transducer 11 and the wave generator are turned on, the electrolysis voltage is 93 volts when the current is 600 amperes; in the case of the intervention of ultrasound, the electrolysis voltage was 89 volts at a current of 600 amperes.

Example 3

The present invention also provides a method for improving hydrogen production efficiency by water electrolysis using sound waves, wherein the ultrasonic wave generator is arranged on one side end plate of the electrolytic tank. The infrasonic wave generator frequency was 0.8khz and the power was 80 watts.

The comparison is made before and after the infrasound wave front of the on-state wave transmitter 11 and the wave generator. Conventional, without intervening infrasonic waves, the electrolysis voltage was 39.2 volts at 300 amps; the electrolysis voltage was 38.8 volts at 300 amps of current with the intervention of infrasonic waves.

Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and not for limiting the same; although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some or all of the technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit of the invention.

Claims (7)

1. A method for improving hydrogen production efficiency by utilizing sound waves is characterized by comprising the following steps:

the method for improving the hydrogen production efficiency of the electrolyzed water by utilizing the sound waves is that the sound waves generated by the wave generator are transmitted to the bipolar plate (1) in the electrolytic tank, so that the degassing speed during the hydrogen production of the electrolyzed water is improved, and the hydrogen production efficiency of the electrolyzed water is improved;

a wave transmitting plate (3) is arranged on each bipolar plate (1) in the electrolytic tank, and the wave transmitting plates (3) on each bipolar plate (1) in the electrolytic tank are connected together by a wave transmitter (11);

the wave generator is arranged on the Yu Chuanbo device (11), and generates sound waves which are transmitted to the bipolar plate (1) through the wave transmitter (11) and the wave transmitting plate (3).

2. The method for improving hydrogen production efficiency by water electrolysis by using sound waves according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps:

the bipolar plate (1) is provided with a wave transmitting plate (3) in one-step molding processing;

the processing position of the wave-transmitting plate (3) is fixed, and the position is a straight line during assembly;

the bipolar plate (1) is one of a round bipolar plate and a square bipolar plate.

3. The method for improving hydrogen production efficiency by water electrolysis by using sound waves according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps:

the wave-transmitting device (11) is made of insulating materials, a plurality of inserting sheet holes (12) are formed in the middle of the wave-transmitting device, and the positions of the inserting sheet holes (12) are in one-to-one correspondence with the positions of the wave-transmitting plates (3) in the electrolytic tank.

4. A method for improving hydrogen production efficiency by water electrolysis using sound waves according to claim 3, wherein:

the wave generator is arranged on the Yu Chuanbo device (11), the wave generator can generate infrasonic wave to ultrasonic wave, the frequency is 1hz-200khz, and the power is 10-1000W; waveform introduction is divided into longitudinal waves, transverse waves and surface waves;

the wave generator adopts an electromagnetic coil wave generator when generating low-frequency-band sound waves, and adopts a piezoelectric ceramic ultrasonic wave generator when generating high-frequency-band sound waves;

the wave generator comprises: a longitudinal wave generator (13) and a transverse wave generator (14).

5. The method for improving hydrogen production efficiency by water electrolysis by using sound waves according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps:

a plurality of wave generators are arranged according to the plate type and the power of the electrolytic tank, and a plurality of wave transmitters (11) and wave transmitting plates (3) on the bipolar plate (1) are correspondingly arranged at the same time.

6. The method for improving hydrogen production efficiency by water electrolysis by using sound waves according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps:

the method for improving the hydrogen production efficiency by utilizing the sound waves is applied to solid polymer (proton exchange membrane) water electrolysis hydrogen production, alkaline water hydrogen production and alkaline membrane water electrolysis hydrogen production.

7. The method for improving hydrogen production efficiency by water electrolysis using sound waves according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein:

the method for improving the hydrogen production efficiency of the electrolyzed water by utilizing the sound waves is also suitable for improving the oxygen production efficiency.

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