CN111826671B - Device and method for producing gas by electrolyzing water - Google Patents

Device and method for producing gas by electrolyzing water Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111826671B
CN111826671B CN202010712332.8A CN202010712332A CN111826671B CN 111826671 B CN111826671 B CN 111826671B CN 202010712332 A CN202010712332 A CN 202010712332A CN 111826671 B CN111826671 B CN 111826671B
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anolyte
catholyte
anode
water gas
electrolyzed water
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CN111826671A (en
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刘太楷
邓春明
刘敏
宋琛
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Ningbo Zhongke Hydrogen Easy Film Technology Co.,Ltd.
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Institute of New Materials of Guangdong Academy of Sciences
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
    • C25B1/01—Products
    • C25B1/02—Hydrogen or oxygen
    • C25B1/04—Hydrogen or oxygen by electrolysis of water
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/36—Hydrogen production from non-carbon containing sources, e.g. by water electrolysis

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of gas making by electrolyzing water and provides a device and a method for making gas by electrolyzing water. An electrolytic water gas-making device, comprising an electrolytic water gas-making unit or a combination of a plurality of electrolytic water gas-making units, each electrolytic water gas-making unit comprising: the device comprises an anode reaction chamber, two cathode reaction chambers, an anode connected with an external power supply and two cathodes connected with the same external power supply, wherein the two cathodes are mutually independent, the anode is positioned in the anode reaction chamber, and the two cathodes are respectively positioned in the two cathode reaction chambers. The method for producing gas by electrolyzing water comprises the following steps: the device is used for electrolyzing water to produce gas. The device and the method provided by the invention have the advantages that the pressure difference between the anode reaction chamber and the cathode reaction chamber is basically zero, and the stability of the gas making process is good. The electrolysis gas production can be carried out under extremely high pressure under the condition that the pressure difference is basically zero, so that high-pressure gas can be directly produced without additional pressurization in the later period, and the requirement of on-site high-pressure hydrogen production is met.

Description

Device and method for producing gas by electrolyzing water
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of gas making by electrolyzing water, in particular to a device and a method for making gas by electrolyzing water.
Background
The use of fossil energy in large quantities leads to global climate and environmental problems, for which reason various countries have developed renewable energy sources, such as wind energy, solar energy, tidal energy, etc. And new energy sources such as wind energy and solar energy have non-manpower controllable fluctuation, and the direct grid-connected power generation can bring destructive damage to a power grid. The method for converting renewable energy into chemical energy by electrolyzing water to produce hydrogen is a feasible energy storage mode, and the impact of the renewable energy on a power grid can be well solved by combining the renewable energy with the renewable energy.
The electrolytic water reaction takes place in the electrolytic cell, and the electrolytic cell mainly comprises a cathode, an anode and a diaphragm, wherein hydrogen is generated on the cathode, oxygen is generated on the anode, and the diaphragm separates the cathode and the anode to prevent the generated hydrogen and oxygen from mixing. The existing water electrolysis hydrogen production process comprises water electrolysis by a proton exchange membrane, basic water electrolysis, high-temperature water electrolysis, photocatalytic water electrolysis and the like. However, no matter what process is adopted, since 1 water molecule contains 2 protons and 1 oxygen ion, 2 volumes of hydrogen and 1 volume of oxygen are necessarily generated during electrolysis, and thus a pressure difference necessarily exists between the anode reaction chamber and the cathode reaction chamber. And the pressure difference increases with an increase in the electrolysis speed. In order to solve the problem, an anode electrolysis small chamber (or an electrolysis reaction chamber) is connected with an external pressure pump in industry, and the pressure of the anode reaction chamber is adjusted in real time according to the pressure difference between the two sides of a cathode and an anode during electrolysis, so that the pressure difference between the two electrodes is maintained at a lower level. However, in the pressure balancing process, there are processes such as differential pressure signal acquisition and pressure balancing performed by the pressure pump, so that a certain response time is required when the pressure of the electrolytic cell is dynamically balanced, and due to the technical limitation of the pressure pump, the electrolytic cell is only allowed to work in a certain differential pressure range, so that the dynamic transformation range of the load of the traditional electrolytic system is small. In addition, the use of an external pressure pump inevitably increases the complexity and technical difficulty of an electrolysis system, so that the cost is obviously increased, and the popularization and the use of the electrolysis technology are not facilitated.
Patent document JP2012057226, US10053786 discloses: using high molecular polymer film as diaphragm, which only allows H+And (4) passing. A single cathode and a single anode are disposed on both sides of the separator. The hydrogen ions penetrate through the high-molecular polymer diaphragm to form hydrogen at the cathode, oxygen generated by electrolysis is mixed with the electrolyte and discharged, and the pressure of the anolyte is adjusted through the external pressure balancing device, so that the pressure balance between the cathode and the anode is realized. The invention relies on an external pressure balancing device to carry out pressure balancing, and has slow dynamic response and high system cost.
Patent document CN108251856A discloses: a proton exchange membrane with an enhanced hydration function is used as a diaphragm, a single anode sheet and a single cathode sheet are respectively arranged on two sides of the diaphragm and are connected with a power supply, oxygen and hydrogen are respectively generated on an anode and a cathode on two sides of the diaphragm, and anolyte and oxygen mixed in the anolyte are discharged through a circulating water pump, so that pressure balance is realized. Similarly, the invention relies on an external pressure balancing device to carry out pressure balancing, and has slow dynamic response and high system cost.
Patent document CN109898092A discloses: the third electrode is introduced into the electrolytic cell, and can be matched with a cathode and an anode to carry out electrolysis according to needs, so that independent hydrogen evolution and oxygen evolution reactions are realized.
Patent document TWM494169 discloses: the tank is filled with electrolyte by arranging storage tanks of two communicating pipes outside. During electrolysis, the pressure of the hydrogen storage tank is increased, and the electrolyte in the storage tank is pushed to flow to the oxygen storage tank, so that pressure balance is realized. Although the invention can realize the balance of gas production pressure, the invention is lack of large-scale application feasibility, in particular the feasibility of hydrogen production by high-pressure water electrolysis.
Patent document CN102162107A discloses: a low-pressure area and a high-pressure area are respectively formed at the cathode and the anode by adopting a double-layer diaphragm, wherein the pressure of the cathode is equal to the pressure of the electrolyte, and the pressure of the anode can reach 24.8MPa at most. One layer of the ion exchange membrane is immersed by platinum, which can provide higher oxygen evolution activity, and the other layer of the untreated ion exchange membrane is positioned between the anode and the treated ion exchange membrane. During electrolysis, due to the selective permeation function of the ion exchange membrane, a high-pressure area is formed at the anode, and a low-pressure area is formed at the cathode, so that high-pressure oxygen is obtained. The invention takes oxygen generation as an application target, is mainly used in the field of aerospace, and cannot meet the requirement of large-scale hydrogen production.
Patent documents CN105734600A, CN105420748A, CN105463497A disclose: three electrodes are adopted to form two independent electrolytic tanks for hydrogen electrolysis and oxygen electrolysis respectively. The three electrodes are respectively a hydrogen evolution catalytic electrode which has the catalytic action on the hydrogen generation by the electrolyzed water, an oxygen evolution catalytic electrode which has the catalytic action on the oxygen generation by the electrolyzed water and nickel hydroxide (Ni (OH)2) And an electrode. During electrolysis, one electrolytic cell is used for producing hydrogen, and the other electrolytic cell is used for producing oxygen; when hydrogen is produced, the cathode is connected with the hydrogen evolution catalytic electrode, and the anode is connected with the nickel hydroxide electrode; when oxygen is generated, the cathode is connected with a nickel hydroxide electrode, and the anode is connected with an oxygen evolution catalytic electrode. The patent of the invention relates to a method for separately producing hydrogen and oxygen, and does not relate to the pressure balance of an electrolysis system.
Patent document CN111005029A discloses: the design of a common anode and a symmetrical double cathode is adopted to realize the self-balance of the pressure of the electrolyzed water, an external pressure balance pump is not needed, the stability and the efficiency of the high-pressure electrolyzed water gas production can be greatly improved, but the design of two channels is adopted, namely, two cathodes share one liquid inlet channel and one liquid discharge channel, the anode uses the other liquid inlet channel and the other liquid discharge channel, the total amount of gas generated on the two cathodes during electrolysis is 2 times of that of gas generated by the anode, therefore, the cathode liquid discharge channel is extremely easy to cause the overlarge pressure of a cathode electrolysis cell because the produced gas is too much and cannot be discharged, thereby increasing the pressure difference on two sides of the diaphragm and finally causing the diaphragm to break.
In view of this, the present application is specifically made.
Disclosure of Invention
The objects of the present invention include: an electrolytic water gas-making apparatus and method are provided to ameliorate at least one of the problems mentioned in the background.
Embodiments of the invention may be implemented as follows:
in a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides an electrolyzed water gas production apparatus, including one electrolyzed water gas production unit or a combination of multiple electrolyzed water gas production units, where each electrolyzed water gas production unit includes: the device comprises an anode reaction chamber, two cathode reaction chambers, an anode and two cathodes which are mutually independent, wherein the two cathodes are connected in parallel, the difference of resistance values of the two cathodes is not more than 5%, the anode is positioned in the anode reaction chamber, and the two cathodes are respectively positioned in the two cathode reaction chambers;
in an alternative embodiment, the resistance values of the two cathodes are the same. Preferably, the two cathodes are identical in shape and material.
In an alternative embodiment, each electrolyzed water gas making unit further comprises a diaphragm, an anode plate and a cathode plate;
an anode mounting groove matched with the anode is formed in the anode plate, two cathode mounting grooves matched with the two cathodes are formed in the cathode plate, the anode is arranged in the anode mounting groove, and the two cathodes are arranged in the two cathode mounting grooves in a one-to-one correspondence mode;
the anode plate and the cathode plate are oppositely arranged, the diaphragm is arranged between the anode plate and the cathode plate, the diaphragm and the anode mounting groove enclose an anode reaction chamber, and the diaphragm and the two cathode mounting grooves respectively enclose two cathode reaction chambers;
in an alternative embodiment, the area of the anode is equal to the sum of the areas of the two cathodes.
In alternative embodiments, the anode and cathode include, but are not limited to, porous, foam, mesh, sheet, layered sheet.
In alternative embodiments, the cathode material includes, but is not limited to, nickel, cobalt, platinum, palladium, iron, copper, silver, molybdenum, nickel-cobalt alloy, nickel-molybdenum alloy, nickel-iron-molybdenum alloy.
In alternative embodiments, the anode material includes, but is not limited to, nickel, platinum, palladium, iridium, indium, ruthenium, cobalt oxide, nickel hydroxide, iron oxide.
In an optional embodiment, the anode plate is provided with an anolyte inlet and an anolyte outlet, the anode mounting groove is provided with an anolyte guide groove, and two opposite ends of the anolyte guide groove are respectively communicated with the anolyte inlet and the anolyte outlet;
the cathode plate is provided with a cathode electrolyte inlet and a cathode electrolyte outlet, each cathode installation groove is internally provided with a cathode electrolyte diversion groove, and the two opposite ends of each cathode electrolyte diversion groove are respectively communicated with the cathode electrolyte inlet and the cathode electrolyte outlet;
the difference between the volumes of the two catholyte diversion trenches and the volumes of the anolyte diversion trenches is not more than 5 percent;
in an alternative embodiment, the width of the anolyte guide channel is the same as the width of the catholyte guide channel, the depth of the anolyte guide channel is half of the depth of the catholyte guide channel, and the length of the anolyte guide channel is twice the length of each catholyte guide channel;
in an alternative embodiment, both the anolyte flow channel and the catholyte flow channel are serpentine in a reciprocating serpentine distribution.
In an optional embodiment, the anolyte diversion trench comprises two symmetrically arranged anolyte part trenches, the number of anolyte inlets is 2, the number of anolyte outlets is 1, one ends of the two anolyte part trenches are respectively communicated with the corresponding 1 anolyte inlet, and the other ends of the two anolyte part trenches are both communicated with the anolyte outlet;
the number of the catholyte outlets is 2, the number of the catholyte inlets is 1, one end of each of the two catholyte diversion grooves is communicated with the corresponding 1 catholyte outlet, and the other end of each of the two catholyte diversion grooves is communicated with the catholyte inlet;
in an alternative embodiment, the electrolyzed water gas production device comprises a plurality of electrolyzed water gas production units connected in series, and two adjacent electrolyzed water gas production units connected in series are connected with the anode plate through the respective cathode plates and are integrally formed into the bipolar plate.
In an alternative embodiment, the electrolyzed water gas production device comprises a plurality of electrolyzed water gas production units connected in parallel, two adjacent electrolyzed water gas production units connected in parallel are respectively connected with the positive pole of an external power supply through the anode pole plate of the electrolyzed water gas production unit and connected with the negative pole of the external power supply through the cathode pole plate of the electrolyzed water gas production unit, and the two adjacent electrolyzed water gas production units are separated through an insulating gasket arranged behind the cathode pole plate.
In an optional embodiment, each anode plate is further provided with two first through holes corresponding to two catholyte outlet positions, and each anode plate is further provided with a second through hole corresponding to a catholyte inlet position; each cathode plate is also provided with two third through holes corresponding to the two anolyte inlet positions; each cathode plate is also provided with a fourth through hole corresponding to the position of the anolyte outlet;
a plurality of corresponding anolyte outlets in the plurality of water electrolysis gas making units are communicated with a plurality of corresponding fourth through holes to form an anolyte liquid outlet channel; a plurality of corresponding anolyte inlets in the plurality of electrolyzed water gas making units are communicated with a plurality of corresponding third through holes to form an anolyte liquid inlet channel;
a plurality of corresponding catholyte outlets in the plurality of electrolyzed water gas making units are communicated with a plurality of corresponding first through holes to form a catholyte outlet channel; and a plurality of corresponding catholyte inlets in the plurality of electrolyzed water gas making units are communicated with a plurality of corresponding second through holes to form a catholyte inlet channel.
In an alternative embodiment, the electrolyzed water gas production apparatus comprises two catholyte outlet pipes, one catholyte inlet pipe, two anolyte inlet pipes, and one anolyte outlet pipe;
the two cathode electrolyte water outlet pipes are communicated with the two cathode electrolyte water outlet channels in a one-to-one correspondence manner, and the cathode electrolyte water inlet pipe is communicated with the cathode electrolyte liquid inlet channel;
the two anolyte water inlet pipes are communicated with the two anolyte liquid inlet channels in a one-to-one correspondence manner, and the anolyte water outlet pipe is communicated with the anolyte water outlet channel;
in an optional embodiment, the electrolyzed water gas making device further comprises a bottom plate, the bottom plate is arranged at the outermost end of the electrolyzed water gas making device, and when the polar plate at the outermost end of the other end corresponding to the bottom plate is a cathode polar plate, two cathode electrolyte outlet pipes, one cathode electrolyte inlet pipe, two anode electrolyte inlet pipes and one anode electrolyte outlet pipe are respectively communicated with two cathode electrolyte outlets, one cathode electrolyte inlet, two third through holes and one fourth through hole of the cathode polar plate at the outermost end; when the polar plate at the most end part of the other end corresponding to the bottom plate is an anode polar plate, two cathode electrolyte water outlet pipes, one cathode electrolyte water inlet pipe, two anode electrolyte water inlet pipes and one anode electrolyte water outlet pipe are respectively communicated with two first through holes, one second through hole, two anode electrolyte inlets and one anode electrolyte outlet of the anode plate at the most end part;
in an alternative embodiment, the electrolyzed water gas-making device comprises an anode plate and two bottom plates arranged at the two opposite ends of the electrolyzed water gas-making device respectively, wherein the two cathode electrolyte water outlet pipes, one cathode electrolyte water inlet pipe, two anode electrolyte water inlet pipes and one anode electrolyte water outlet pipe are arranged on the peripheral wall of one bipolar plate;
in an alternative embodiment, the electrolyzed water gas production device comprises two bottom plates respectively arranged at the outer sides of the anode plate and the cathode plate at the two opposite ends of the electrolyzed water gas production device, two cathode electrolyte outlet pipes, an anolyte outlet pipe arranged on one bottom plate, and two anolyte inlet pipes and a catholyte inlet pipe arranged on the other bottom plate.
In an alternative embodiment, the electrolyzed water gas production device comprises an anolyte water inlet pipe, an anolyte water outlet pipe, a catholyte water inlet pipe, a catholyte water outlet pipe and a plurality of electrolyzed water gas production units arranged in sequence, wherein the plurality of electrolyzed water gas production units comprise a first electrolyzed water gas production unit and a second electrolyzed water gas production unit which are positioned at two opposite ends of the electrolyzed water gas production device;
the anode mounting grooves of the first electrolyzed water gas making unit and the second electrolyzed water gas making unit are both provided with an anolyte diversion groove, the cathode mounting grooves of the first electrolyzed water gas making unit and the second electrolyzed water gas making unit are both provided with a catholyte diversion groove,
a cathode electrolyte outlet and a cathode electrolyte inlet which are communicated with the corresponding cathode electrolyte diversion grooves are formed in the cathode plate of the first electrolyzed water gas making unit; an anode plate of the second water electrolysis gas making unit is provided with an anolyte outlet and an anolyte inlet which are communicated with the anolyte diversion groove; the anode plate of the second electrolyzed water gas making unit is also provided with a first through hole communicated with the catholyte outlet of the first electrolyzed water gas making unit and a second through hole communicated with the catholyte inlet of the first electrolyzed water gas making unit; the cathode plate of the first electrolyzed water gas making unit is provided with a third through hole communicated with the anolyte inlet of the second electrolyzed water gas making unit and a fourth through hole communicated with the anolyte outlet of the second electrolyzed water gas making unit; the first through hole is communicated with the catholyte outlet to form a catholyte outlet channel, the second through hole is communicated with the catholyte inlet to form a catholyte inlet channel, the third through hole is communicated with the anolyte inlet to form an anolyte inlet channel, and the fourth through hole is communicated with the anolyte outlet to form an anolyte outlet channel; the anolyte inlet pipe, the anolyte outlet pipe, the catholyte inlet pipe and the catholyte outlet pipe are respectively communicated with the anolyte inlet channel, the anolyte outlet channel, the catholyte inlet channel and the catholyte outlet channel;
the multiple electrolyzed water gas making units are connected in series, and the anolyte water inlet pipe, the anolyte water outlet pipe, the catholyte water inlet pipe and the catholyte water outlet pipe are all arranged on one side of the first electrolyzed water gas making unit, which is opposite to the anolyte diversion trench in position, of the anode plate;
or, a plurality of the electrolyzed water gas making units are connected in series, and the anolyte water inlet pipe, the anolyte water outlet pipe, the catholyte water inlet pipe and the catholyte water outlet pipe are all arranged on one side of the second electrolyzed water gas making unit, which is opposite to the position of the catholyte diversion groove, of the cathode plate;
or, a plurality of electrolyzed water gas making units are connected in series, an anolyte inlet pipe and a catholyte inlet pipe are arranged on one side of the first electrolyzed water gas making unit, which is opposite to the position of the anolyte diversion trench, of the anode plate, and an anolyte outlet pipe are arranged on one side of the second electrolyzed water gas making unit, which is opposite to the position of the catholyte diversion trench, of the cathode plate;
or, a plurality of electrolyzed water gas making units are connected in series, the anolyte inlet pipe and the catholyte inlet pipe are arranged at one side of the second electrolyzed water gas making unit, which is opposite to the position of the catholyte diversion groove, and the anolyte outlet pipe are arranged at one side of the first electrolyzed water gas making unit, which is opposite to the position of the anolyte diversion groove;
or a plurality of water electrolysis gas making units are connected in series, two adjacent water electrolysis gas making units connected in series are connected with the anode plate through the cathode plate and the anode plate respectively, and are integrally formed into a bipolar plate, and the anode electrolyte water inlet pipe, the anode electrolyte water outlet pipe, the cathode electrolyte water inlet pipe and the cathode electrolyte water outlet pipe are all arranged on the peripheral wall of the bipolar plate.
Or, a plurality of electrolyzed water gas making units are connected in parallel, an insulating gasket is arranged between the anode plate and the cathode plate of each of two adjacent parallel electrolyzed water gas making units, each insulating gasket is provided with an electrolyte through hole which is respectively communicated with the anolyte liquid inlet channel, the anolyte liquid outlet channel, the catholyte liquid inlet channel and the catholyte liquid outlet channel, the anolyte water inlet pipe, the anolyte water outlet pipe, the catholyte water inlet pipe and the catholyte water outlet pipe are all arranged on the peripheral wall of the insulating gasket and are communicated with the corresponding electrolyte through holes, the cathode plates of the electrolyzed water gas making units are all electrically connected, and the anode plates of the electrolyzed water gas making units are all electrically connected.
In an alternative embodiment, the plurality of electrolyzed water gas making units further comprises at least one middle electrolyzed water gas making unit disposed between the first electrolyzed water gas making unit and the second electrolyzed water gas making unit;
the multiple electrolyzed water gas-making units are connected in series, the cathode plate of each middle electrolyzed water gas-making unit and the anode plate of the adjacent electrolyzed water gas-making unit are integrally formed into a bipolar plate, the anode plate of each middle electrolyzed water gas-making unit and the cathode plate of the adjacent electrolyzed water gas-making unit are integrally formed into a bipolar plate, and each bipolar plate is provided with a communicating hole correspondingly communicated with the anolyte liquid inlet channel, the anolyte liquid outlet channel, the catholyte liquid inlet channel and the catholyte liquid outlet channel;
or, a plurality of electrolyzed water gas making units are connected in parallel, an insulating gasket is arranged between the anode plate and the cathode plate of each of two adjacent electrolyzed water gas making units, and each insulating gasket is provided with an electrolyte through hole correspondingly communicated with the anolyte liquid inlet channel, the anolyte liquid outlet channel, the catholyte liquid inlet channel and the catholyte liquid outlet channel.
In alternative embodiments, the electrolyte is an acidic aqueous solution, an alkaline aqueous solution, pure water, steam, or seawater;
the diaphragm used by the electrolyzed water gas-making unit is made of a material which only allows ions to permeate but not gas to permeate, a material which does not allow ions to permeate and not gas to permeate, or a material which is provided with micropores on the surface and allows a small amount of electrolyte to permeate;
preferably, the membrane comprises a proton exchange membrane, an anion exchange membrane, a hydroxide ion exchange membrane, a cation exchange membrane, an oxygen ion conductor oxide membrane, a proton conductor oxide membrane, a hydroxide membrane, a polysulfone film or a polymer-loaded ZrO2A film.
In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for producing gas by electrolyzing water, including: the device provided by any embodiment of the invention is adopted to electrolyze water to produce gas;
in an alternative embodiment, the amount of electrolyte introduced into the anode reaction chamber and each of the cathode reaction chambers is the same.
The embodiment of the invention has the beneficial effects that:
since the resistance values of the two cathodes are substantially the same, the amount of charge passing through the two cathodes per unit time is substantially the same, and the amount of hydrogen generated during electrolysis is the same. Meanwhile, the amount of charge passing through the anode per unit time is necessarily equal to the sum of the amounts of charge passing through the two cathodes per unit time, i.e., the amount of charge passing through the anode per unit time is equal to 2 times the amount of charge passing through the cathodes per unit time. The electric charge consumed by generating one volume of oxygen is 2 times of the electric charge consumed by generating one volume of hydrogen, so that the amount of oxygen generated on the anode is equal to the amount of hydrogen generated on the cathode, and the gas production of the anode reaction chamber is equal to that of the two cathode reaction chambers, so that the pressure difference between the anode reaction chamber and the two cathode reaction chambers can be kept to be basically zero no matter how long the device runs, and the device for preparing the gas by electrolyzing the water has good stability; the gas pressure generated by electrolysis under the condition of zero differential pressure is extremely high, so that high-pressure gas can be directly generated without post-pressurization, and the demand of on-site high-pressure hydrogen production is met. The application of the scheme can enable the hydrogen station to meet the daily hydrogenation requirement without using a high-pressure gas storage tank or only using a small storage tank, and the use of the scheme can effectively reduce the water electrolysis gas production cost and improve the market competitiveness of green energy hydrogen production.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and for those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a conventional anode water gas making device and a schematic diagram of an electrolytic water gas making device according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the conventional anode water gas making device and a schematic diagram of the electrolytic water gas making device according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an anode plate on the right, and a schematic diagram of the anode plate when the anode is about to be assembled to the anode plate on the left;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the cathode plate on the left and a schematic diagram of the cathode when it is about to be assembled to the cathode plate on the right;
fig. 5 is a schematic flow diagram of the electrolyte after the electrolyte is introduced into the anolyte guide groove on the anode plate, and a schematic flow diagram of the electrolyte after the electrolyte is introduced into the catholyte guide groove on the cathode plate;
fig. 6 is an exploded view of an electrolytic water gas producing apparatus according to the first embodiment;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view showing the structure of a bipolar plate;
FIG. 8 is a schematic structural view of the electrolyzed water gas production apparatus provided in the first embodiment after assembly;
FIG. 9 is an exploded view of an electrolytic water gas producing apparatus according to a second embodiment;
FIG. 10 is a schematic view of an assembled electrolytic water gas generator according to a second embodiment;
FIG. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of a middle plate in a second embodiment, and the left and right drawings are schematic diagrams at different viewing angles, respectively;
FIG. 12 is an exploded view of an electrolytic water gas producing apparatus according to a third embodiment;
FIG. 13 is a schematic view of an assembled electrolytic water gas generator according to a third embodiment;
fig. 14 is a schematic structural view of an anode plate and a cathode plate of a cylindrical electrolyzed water gas making device provided by a fourth embodiment, wherein the left drawing is a schematic structural view of the anode plate, and the right drawing is a schematic structural view of the cathode plate;
FIG. 15 is a schematic structural view of a bipolar plate of a cylindrical electrolyzed water gas forming apparatus according to a fourth embodiment;
FIG. 16 is an exploded view of a cylindrical electrolytic water gas producing apparatus according to a fourth embodiment;
FIG. 17 is a schematic view showing an assembled structure of a cylindrical electrolyzed water gas forming apparatus according to the fourth embodiment;
fig. 18 is an exploded view of a cylindrical electrolytic water gas producing apparatus according to a fifth embodiment;
fig. 19 is a schematic structural view of the assembled cylindrical electrolyzed water gas production apparatus provided by the fifth embodiment.
Icon: 10-a water electrolysis gas making device; 100-a water electrolysis gas making unit; 100 a-a first electrolyzed water gas making unit; 100 b-a middle water electrolysis gas making unit; 100 c-a second electrolyzed water gas making unit; 101-an anode; 102-a cathode; 103-a separator; 105-a bipolar plate; 106-cathode electrolyte outlet pipe; 107-cathode electrolyte inlet pipe; 108-anolyte feed pipe; 109-anolyte outlet pipe; 110-an anode plate; 111-anode mounting groove; 112-anolyte guiding gutter; 113-anolyte outlet; 114-anolyte inlet; 115-a first via; 116-a second via; 120-a cathode plate; 121-cathode mounting groove; 122-cathode electrolyte diversion trench; 123-catholyte outlet; 124-catholyte inlet; 125-third via; 126-fourth via; 130-a membrane; 140-a base plate; 150-middle plate.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. The components of embodiments of the present invention generally described and illustrated in the figures herein may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations.
Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that: like reference numbers and letters refer to like items in the following figures, and thus, once an item is defined in one figure, it need not be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that if the terms "upper", "lower", "inside", "outside", etc. indicate an orientation or a positional relationship based on that shown in the drawings or that the product of the present invention is used as it is, this is only for convenience of description and simplification of the description, and it does not indicate or imply that the device or the element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
Furthermore, the appearances of the terms "first," "second," and the like, if any, are used solely to distinguish one from another and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
It should be noted that the features of the embodiments of the present invention may be combined with each other without conflict.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the left diagrams in fig. 1 and 2 are both basic structural diagrams of a conventional electrolyzed water gas making unit, and the right diagram is a basic structural diagram of an electrolyzed water gas making unit 100 provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
The embodiment of the invention provides an electrolyzed water gas production device 10, which comprises an electrolyzed water gas production unit 100 or a combination of a plurality of electrolyzed water gas production units 100, wherein each electrolyzed water gas production unit 100 comprises: the anode reactor (not shown) and the two cathode reactors (not shown) are independent of each other, one of the anode reactor is connected with the outer anode 101 and the two cathodes 102 in parallel, the difference of the resistance values of the two cathodes 102 is not more than 5%, the anode 101 is positioned in the anode reactor, and the two cathodes 102 are respectively positioned in the two cathode reactors. Preferably, the two cathodes 102 have the same resistance value, and more preferably, in the present embodiment, the two cathodes 102 have the same resistance value, which means that the two cathodes have the same shape and material.
The total mole number of gas generated by the cathode in the water electrolysis process is twice that of gas generated by the anode, and a common water electrolysis device only has one cathode, so that a pressure difference necessarily exists between the anode reaction chamber and the cathode reaction chamber. And the pressure difference increases with an increase in the electrolysis speed. In the present application, since the resistance values of the two cathodes 102 are substantially the same, the charges of the two cathodes 102 are substantially equal, and the amount of hydrogen generated during electrolysis is substantially equal, so that the gas production in the anode reaction chamber is substantially equal to that in the two cathode reaction chambers, and thus, the pressure difference between the anode reaction chamber and the two cathode reaction chambers can be maintained to be substantially zero regardless of the operation time of the device. Therefore, the electrolyzed water gas making device provided by the invention has good stability. Preferably, when the two cathodes 101 are made of the same material and have the same size, the voltage difference between the anode reaction chamber and the two cathode reaction chambers can be zero by the two cathodes 102 having the same charge amount, and the stability of the device is further ensured.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 1 to 6, the electrolyzed water gas production unit 100 further includes a separator 130, an anode plate 110, and a cathode plate 120. The anode plate 110 is provided with an anode mounting groove 111 matched with the anode 101, the cathode plate 120 is provided with two cathode mounting grooves 121 matched with the two cathodes 102, the anode 101 is arranged in the anode mounting groove 111, and the two cathodes 102 are arranged in the two cathode mounting grooves 121 in a one-to-one correspondence manner. The anode plate 110 and the cathode plate 120 are oppositely arranged, the diaphragm 130 is arranged between the anode plate 110 and the cathode plate 120, the diaphragm 130 and the anode mounting groove 111 enclose an anode reaction chamber, and the diaphragm 130 and the cathode mounting groove 121 enclose a cathode reaction chamber.
In the process of electrolyzing water, the electrolyte used includes, but is not limited to, acidic aqueous solution, alkaline aqueous solution, pure water, steam or seawater. The catholyte and the anolyte may be the same or different, and the anolyte and the catholyte are the same electrolyte to ensure better stability of the device.
The material of the separator 130 is a material that allows only ions to permeate but not gas to permeate, a material that does not allow ions to permeate nor gas to permeate, or a material that has a surface with micropores and allows a small amount of electrolyte to permeate. Preferably, the membrane 130 includes, but is not limited to, a proton exchange membrane, an anion exchange membrane, a hydroxide ion exchange membrane, a cation exchange membrane, an oxygen ion conductor oxide membrane, a proton conductor oxide membrane, a hydroxide membrane, a polysulfone film, or a polymer-loaded ZrO membrane2A film.
The anode and cathode include, but are not limited to, porous, foamed, reticulated, sheet, laminar. Cathode materials include, but are not limited to, nickel, cobalt, platinum, palladium, iron, copper, silver, molybdenum, nickel-cobalt alloys, nickel-molybdenum alloys, nickel-iron-molybdenum alloys. Anode materials include, but are not limited to, nickel, platinum, palladium, iridium, indium, ruthenium, cobalt oxide, nickel hydroxide, iron oxide.
Further, to ensure the stability of the device, the area of the anode 101 is equal to the sum of the areas of the two cathodes 102.
Further, an anolyte inlet 114 and an anolyte outlet 113 are formed in the anode plate 110, an anolyte guide groove 112 is formed in the anode installation groove 111, and two opposite ends of the anolyte guide groove 112 are respectively communicated with the anolyte inlet 114 and the anolyte outlet 113.
The cathode plate 120 is provided with a cathode electrolyte inlet 124 and a cathode electrolyte outlet 123, each cathode installation groove 121 is provided with a cathode electrolyte diversion groove 122, and two opposite ends of each cathode electrolyte diversion groove 122 are respectively communicated with the cathode electrolyte inlet 124 and the cathode electrolyte outlet 123.
The volumes of the two catholyte channels 122 differ from the volumes of the anolyte channels 112 by no more than 5%, respectively.
When the electrolyzed water is used for producing gas, the electrolyte is introduced into the anolyte inlet 114 and the catholyte inlet 124, the electrolyte enters the anolyte diversion groove 112 and the catholyte diversion groove 122, the electrolyte obtained after the electrolysis of the residual electrolyte and the generated oxygen through the anode 101 is discharged from the anolyte outlet 113, and the residual electrolyte and the generated hydrogen are discharged from the catholyte outlet 123; under the condition that the volumes of the diversion trenches are basically the same, the amount of the electrolyte participating in the reaction in each electrolytic chamber can be ensured to be basically the same by reasonably informing the introduction rate of the electrolyte, the air pressure balance is ensured, and the stability of the device is ensured.
The volume of the two catholyte channels 122 is equal to the volume of the anolyte channel 112: the width of anolyte guide slot 112 is the same as that of catholyte guide slot 122, the depth of anolyte guide slot 112 is half of that of catholyte guide slot 122, and the length of anolyte guide slot 112 is twice of that of each catholyte guide slot 122, so that the volumes of the two catholyte guide slots are respectively the same as that of the anolyte guide slot.
Preferably, anolyte channel 112 and catholyte channel 122 each have a serpentine shape that reciprocates in order to make reasonable use of the area of anode plate 110 and cathode plate 120.
Further, anolyte guiding gutter 112 includes that two symmetries set up the anolyte divide the groove (not marked in the figure), and the quantity of anolyte import 114 is 2, and anolyte export 113 is 1, and two anolyte divide the one end in groove to communicate respectively with 2 anolyte imports 114 that correspond, and two anolyte divide the other end in groove all to communicate with anolyte export 113.
The number of the catholyte outlets 123 is 2, the number of the catholyte inlets 124 is 1, one end of each of the two catholyte guiding channels 122 is respectively communicated with the corresponding 2 catholyte outlets 123, and the other end of each of the two catholyte guiding channels 122 is communicated with the catholyte inlet 124.
The three-in three-out of the electrolyzed water gas making unit 100 can be realized by the arrangement.
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to several embodiments, and the structures not mentioned in the embodiments are referred to the above.
The electrolytic water gas-making device 10 provided in the first to third embodiments has a rectangular parallelepiped shape, and each component part has a rectangular shape.
First embodiment
As shown in fig. 3, 4 and 6, the electrolyzed water gas production apparatus 10 provided in the present embodiment includes a plurality of electrolyzed water gas production units 100 connected in series. Specifically, a first and a second electrolyzed water gas making unit 100a and 100c and a middle electrolyzed water gas making unit 100b are included.
As shown in fig. 7, two adjacent electrolytic water gas making units 100 connected in series are connected to an anode plate 110 through their respective cathode plates 120, and are integrally formed as a bipolar plate 105. That is, the bipolar plate 105 has the same structure as the cathode plate 120 on one side and the anode plate 110 on the other side. This arrangement facilitates the assembly of a plurality of electrolytic water gas making units 100 as one body. The resulting device structure after assembly is shown in fig. 8. Each anode plate 110 of the middle electrolyzed water gas making unit 100b is further provided with two first through holes 115 corresponding to the positions of the two catholyte outlets 123, and each anode plate 110 is further provided with a second through hole 116 corresponding to the position of the catholyte inlet 124; each cathode plate 120 is further provided with two third through holes 125 corresponding to the two anolyte inlets 114; each cathode plate 120 is further provided with a fourth through hole 126 corresponding to the position of the anolyte outlet 113.
The first electrolyzed water gas making unit 100a has substantially the same structure as the middle electrolyzed water gas making unit 100b except that: the anolyte outlet 113, the anolyte inlet 114, the first through hole 115 and the second through hole 116 on the anode plate 110 of the first electrolyzed water gas producing unit 100a are closed. The mode of realizing the closing mentioned in the above content can be that no hole is opened on the position needing to be closed directly in the production and processing; the hole to be closed may be filled with a filling material such as a rubber plug. The second electrolyzed water gas making unit 100c has the same structure as the middle electrolyzed water gas making unit 100 b.
A plurality of corresponding anolyte outlets 113 and a plurality of corresponding fourth through holes 126 in the plurality of electrolyzed water gas making units 100 are communicated to form an anolyte liquid outlet channel; the corresponding plurality of anolyte inlets 114 and the corresponding plurality of third through holes 125 in the plurality of electrolyzed water gas making units 100 are communicated to form an anolyte inlet channel.
A plurality of catholyte outlets 123 and a plurality of first through holes 115 in the plurality of electrolyzed water gas making units 100 are communicated to form a catholyte outlet channel; a corresponding plurality of catholyte inlets 124 and a corresponding plurality of second apertures 116 in the plurality of electrolyzed water gas making units 100 are in communication to form a catholyte feed passage.
When the device is used, the catholyte and the anolyte are respectively introduced into the catholyte inlet 124 and the third through hole 125 of the second electrolyzed water gas making unit 100c, and then the electrolytes enter the electrolyte guiding grooves of the electrolyzed water gas making units 100 through the catholyte inlet channel and the anolyte inlet channel to participate in the reaction with the electrolyzed water. The generated gas and the electrolyte are then discharged from the catholyte outlet 123 and the fourth through-hole 126.
During electrolysis, current enters from the anode 101 of the first electrolyzed water gas making unit 100a, enters the bipolar plate 105 through the cathode 102 of the first electrolyzed water gas making unit 100a, is continuously introduced into the subsequent middle electrolyzed water gas making unit 100b and the second electrolyzed water gas making unit 100c, finally flows out from the cathode 102 of the second electrolyzed water gas making unit 100c, and returns to the negative electrode of the external power supply.
Further, the electrolyzed water gas making apparatus 10 includes two catholyte outlet pipes 106, one catholyte inlet pipe 107, two anolyte inlet pipes 108, and one anolyte outlet pipe 109. The two catholyte outlet pipes 106 are communicated with the two catholyte outlet channels in a one-to-one correspondence, the catholyte inlet pipe 107 is communicated with the catholyte inlet channel, the two anolyte inlet pipes 108 are communicated with the two anolyte inlet channels in a one-to-one correspondence, and the anolyte outlet pipe 109 is communicated with the anolyte outlet channel. That is, in the present embodiment, two catholyte water outlets 106, one catholyte water inlet 107, two anolyte water inlets 108, and one anolyte water outlet 109 are disposed on the side of the cathode plate 120 of the second electrolyzed water making unit 100c opposite to the catholyte guiding groove, and are sequentially communicated with two catholyte outlets 123, one catholyte inlet 124, two third through holes 125, and one fourth through hole 126 on the cathode plate 120.
It should be noted that, in other embodiments other than this embodiment, the first electrolyzed water gas making unit 100a and the middle electrolyzed water gas making unit 100b may have the same structure, and the second electrolyzed water gas making unit 100c and the middle electrolyzed water gas making unit 100b may have the same structure, but the difference is that: the catholyte outlet 123, the catholyte inlet 124, the third through-hole 125, and the fourth through-hole 126 on the cathode plate 120 of the second electrolyzed water gas making unit 100c are closed. And two catholyte outlet pipes 106, one catholyte inlet pipe 107, two anolyte inlet pipes 108, and one anolyte outlet pipe 109 are all disposed at one side of the anode plate 110 of the first electrolyzed water gas making unit 100a opposite to the anolyte guide groove, and are sequentially communicated with two first through holes 115, one second through hole 116, two anolyte inlets 114, and one anolyte outlet 113 on the anode plate.
It should be noted that, in other embodiments besides this embodiment, the electrolyzed water gas making apparatus 10 may further include only the first electrolyzed water gas making unit 100a and the second electrolyzed water gas making unit 100c, but not the middle electrolyzed water gas making unit 100b, and the implementation principle thereof is substantially the same as that of the electrolyzed water gas making apparatus 10 provided in this embodiment.
All the electrolytic cells in the electrolyzed water gas-making device 10 provided by the embodiment have basically the same components and structures, the positions and modes of the electrolyte entering the electrolytic cells are completely the same during electrolysis of the cells, the positions and modes of the electrolyte flowing out after electrolysis are the same, and the gas production discharge design is also the same, so that the pressure states of the electrolytic cells are always kept consistent during electrolysis. Taking the first electrolyzed water gas forming unit 100a shown in fig. 6 as an example, 1 volume of oxygen generated at the anode 101 is guided to the top outlet through the anolyte guide groove on the bipolar plate 105, and a certain pressure is formed in the anode reaction chamber. Meanwhile, 1 volume of hydrogen gas is generated on each of the two cathodes of the first electrolyzed water gas forming unit 100a, and the pressure in each cathode reaction chamber is equal to that in the anode reaction chamber, so that the pressures on both sides of the diaphragm 130 are equal. The diaphragm can keep various characteristics stable within a certain pressure difference range, so that the electrolysis process can be normally carried out even if the electrolysis reaction is carried out under extremely high pressure, such as 200MPa, 300MPa, 500MPa or even higher, as long as the pressure difference between two sides of the diaphragm is always kept at an extremely low level. The gas pressure generated by electrolysis under the pressure is extremely high, so that high-pressure gas can be expected to be directly generated without post-pressurization, and the demand of on-site high-pressure hydrogen production is met. Furthermore, the application of this technology allows the hydroprocessing station to meet the daily hydroprocessing needs without using high pressure gas storage tanks or with only smaller storage tanks.
The electrolyzed water gas production device 10 provided by the embodiment adopts a superposition combination of a plurality of groups of three-channel straight-superposition type electrolysis units, adjacent electrolysis units are connected through the bipolar plate 105, an electrolysis module as shown in fig. 8 can be formed without jumper wires, and the number of the superposition units can be flexibly selected according to needs, so that an electrolysis system with certain power is formed, and specific requirements are met. The bipolar plate 105 is made of stainless steel resistant to strong alkaline corrosion, such as 304 stainless steel, 316 stainless steel, etc. Electrolyte enters from three electrolyte inlets at the bottom on the right side pole plate and enters into the electrolyzed water gas production unit through electrolyte inlet channels at the bottoms of all the parts, and redundant electrolyte and gas generated by electrolysis are collected and discharged from three electrolyte outlet channels at the top. The three electrolyte liquid inlet channels can use three independent electrolyte circulating systems and can also share one electrolyte circulating system, but in order to ensure the consistent liquid inlet behaviors, the electrolyte circulating systems used by the three electrolyte liquid inlet channels are strictly consistent in the aspects of accessories, electrification control, piping arrangement, wire arrangement and the like. Three electrolyte outlet channels on the panel are respectively connected with the gas-liquid separator, wherein gas enters the storage tank after being separated and dried, and the electrolyte is recycled.
Second embodiment
This embodiment is substantially the same as the first embodiment except for the arrangement positions of the electrolyte water inlet pipe and the electrolyte water outlet pipe and the difference in the structures of the first electrolyzed water gas making unit 100a and the second electrolyzed water gas making unit 100 c.
As shown in fig. 9 and 10, the present embodiment provides a device, two catholyte outlet pipes 106, one catholyte inlet pipe 107, two anolyte inlet pipes 108, and one anolyte outlet pipe 109 are all disposed on the peripheral wall of one bipolar plate 105, the bipolar plate 105 is named as a middle plate 150, and the structure of the middle plate 150 is shown in fig. 11.
The anolyte outlet 113, the anolyte inlet 114, the first through hole 115 and the second through hole 116 are not provided on the anode plate 110 of the first electrolyzed water gas producing unit 100 a. The cathode plate of the second electrolyzed water gas forming unit 100c is not provided with the catholyte outlet 123, the catholyte inlet 124, the third through hole 125, and the fourth through hole 126.
Third embodiment
This embodiment is substantially the same as the first embodiment except for the arrangement positions of the electrolyte water inlet pipe and the electrolyte water outlet pipe and the difference in the structures of the first electrolyzed water gas making unit 100a and the second electrolyzed water gas making unit 100 c.
As shown in fig. 12 and 13, in the apparatus provided in this embodiment, two catholyte outlet pipes 106 and one anolyte outlet pipe 109 are disposed on the anode plate of the first electrolyzed water gas making unit 100a, and the anode plate 110 of the first electrolyzed water gas making unit 100a is not provided with the anolyte inlet 114 and the second through hole 116. Two anolyte inlet pipes 108 and one catholyte inlet pipe 107 are disposed on the cathode plate 120 of the second electrolyzed water forming unit 100c, and the catholyte outlet 123 and the fourth through hole 126 are not disposed on the cathode plate 120.
It should be noted that, in other embodiments besides this embodiment, two catholyte outlet pipes 106 and one anolyte outlet pipe 109 may be disposed on the cathode plate 120 of the second electrolyzed water gas making unit 100c, and the cathode plate 120 is not disposed with the catholyte inlet 124 and the third through hole 125. Two anolyte feed lines 108 and one catholyte feed line 107 are disposed on the anode plate 110 of the first electrolyzed water forming unit 100a, and the anolyte removal port 113 and the first through hole 115 are not disposed on the anode plate 110.
Fourth embodiment
As shown in fig. 14 to 17, this embodiment is substantially the same as the first embodiment except that the present embodiment provides a device shape and the electrolyzed water gas forming units 100 at both ends of the device have different structures, and in this embodiment, each electrolyzed water gas forming unit in the device has the same structure as the middle electrolyzed water gas forming unit 100b, and in addition, the present embodiment further includes two bottom plates 140 respectively disposed at both ends. The two bottom plates 140 respectively seal the through holes, liquid inlets or liquid outlets on the adjacent polar plates.
In the embodiment, a circular electrode design is adopted, the provided electrolyzed water gas-making device is cylindrical, and all parts in the corresponding device are circular. The circular anode plate 110, separator 103 and cathode plate 120 in fig. 14 combine to form the bipolar plate 105. Screw holes are uniformly formed in the edge position of each bottom plate 140, and the opposite ends of the studs respectively penetrate through the corresponding screw holes in the two bottom plates 140 and are fastened by nuts to realize the packaging of the device.
Fifth embodiment
As shown in fig. 18 and 19, the present embodiment is substantially the same as the second embodiment, except that the shape of the apparatus provided by the present embodiment is different therefrom, the present embodiment adopts a circular electrode design, the structure of the first electrolyzed water gas making unit 100a is different, in the present embodiment, the structure of the first electrolyzed water gas making unit 100a is completely the same as that of the middle electrolyzed water gas making unit 100b, in addition, the apparatus provided by the present embodiment further includes a bottom plate 140, the bottom plate 140 is disposed at the outer end of the first electrolyzed water gas making unit 100a, and the through hole, the liquid inlet or the liquid outlet on the first electrolyzed water gas making unit 100a is completely closed.
The embodiment also comprises that the first water electrolysis gas making device is cylindrical, and each part in the corresponding device is circular.
It should be noted that the device provided in other embodiments besides this embodiment may have a structure similar to that of the device provided in the third embodiment, and the electrolyzed water gas-making device includes two bottom plates respectively disposed at the outer sides of the anode plate and the cathode plate at two opposite ends of the electrolyzed water gas-making device, two catholyte water outlet pipes, one anolyte water outlet pipe disposed on one bottom plate, and two anolyte water inlet pipes and one catholyte water inlet pipe disposed on the other bottom plate.
It should be noted that, in embodiments other than the above embodiments, the electrolyzed water gas production apparatus may further include a plurality of electrolyzed water gas production units connected in parallel, an insulating gasket is disposed between the anode plate and the cathode plate of each of two adjacent electrolyzed water gas production units connected in parallel, each insulating gasket is provided with an electrolyte through hole respectively communicated with the anolyte liquid inlet channel, the anolyte liquid outlet channel, the catholyte liquid inlet channel, and the catholyte liquid outlet channel, the anolyte water inlet pipe, the anolyte water outlet pipe, the catholyte water inlet pipe, and the catholyte water outlet pipe are disposed on the circumferential wall of the insulating gasket and communicated with the corresponding electrolyte through holes, the cathode plates of the plurality of electrolyzed water gas production units are all electrically connected and connected with the negative electrode of the external power supply, and the anode plates of the plurality of electrolyzed water gas production units are all electrically connected, and is connected to the positive pole of an external power supply.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a method for producing gas by electrolyzing water, which comprises the following steps: the device provided by the embodiment of the invention is used for electrolyzing water to produce gas. The method ensures that each reaction chamber has no pressure difference, and can carry out hydrolysis gas production stably for a long time.
Preferably, in order to make the hydrolysis gas production more stable, the amount of electrolyte introduced into the anode reaction chamber and each cathode reaction chamber is the same.
In summary, the electrolytic water gas-making device provided by the invention has the advantages that the resistance values of the two cathodes are basically the same, so the charges passing through the two cathodes are basically equal at any time, the charge quantity passing through the anode is equal to the sum of the charges passing through the two cathodes at any time, therefore, the charge quantity passing through the anode is twice of the charge quantity passing through the two cathodes, and the hydrogen quantities generated on the two cathodes during electrolysis are basically equal. Since the amount of oxygen generated is twice as much as the amount of hydrogen generated when equal amounts of oxygen and hydrogen are generated, the amount of oxygen generated at the anode is substantially equal to the amount of hydrogen generated at the two cathodes, and the amount of oxygen generated at the anode is necessarily equal to the sum of the amounts of hydrogen generated at the two cathodes. Therefore, the gas production rate of the anode reaction chamber is basically equal to that of the two cathode reaction chambers, so that the pressure difference between the anode reaction chamber and the two cathode reaction chambers can be kept to be basically zero no matter how long the device runs, and the electrolyzed water gas making device has good stability; even if the pressure of the electrolysis environment reaches a very high value under the condition that the pressure difference is zero, the electrolysis can be stably carried out all the time, and the pressure of the generated gas is also very high, so that the high-pressure gas can be expected to be directly generated without post-pressurization, and the demand of on-site high-pressure hydrogen production is met. The application of the scheme can enable the hydrogenation station to meet daily hydrogenation requirements without using a high-pressure gas storage tank or only using a smaller storage tank. Preferably, when the two cathodes are identical (material and size are identical), the same amount of charges passing through the two cathodes can be ensured, so as to ensure that the gas production rates are identical, and further improve the stability of the device.
When the electrolytic water gas-making device provided by the invention separates the cathode reaction chamber and the anode reaction chamber through the diaphragm, the pressure difference at two sides of the diaphragm is always kept at an extremely low level, and the electrolysis process can be normally carried out.
When the device comprises a plurality of electrolytic water gas making units connected in series, the embodiment provides the three-channel direct-stacking type electrolytic water gas making pressure self-balancing device, the three-channel direct-stacking type electrolytic water gas making electrode can realize high-pressure, high-dynamic-load and quick-response electrolytic water gas making, and is particularly suitable for being combined with energy sources with larger fluctuation, such as wind energy, solar energy and the like.
The invention provides a method for producing gas by electrolyzing water. The method ensures that each reaction chamber has no pressure difference, and can carry out hydrolysis gas production stably for a long time. The technology is particularly suitable for the requirements of on-site high-pressure hydrogen production, such as a hydrogen adding station. Due to the particularity of the method, a high-pressure gas storage tank can be reduced or not required, so that the safety of the hydrogen station is greatly improved, and the development and the application of new energy technologies in China are greatly facilitated, particularly the development and the popularization of related technologies of hydrogen energy.
The above description is only for the specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the appended claims.

Claims (19)

1. The electrolytic water gas making device is characterized by comprising a plurality of electrolytic water gas making units connected in series, wherein each electrolytic water gas making unit comprises: the device comprises an anode reaction chamber, two cathode reaction chambers, an anode and two cathodes with the area being half of that of the anode, wherein the two cathodes are arranged on the same side of the anode in parallel, the difference of resistance values of the two cathodes is not more than 5%, the anode is positioned in the anode reaction chamber, and the two cathodes are respectively positioned in the two cathode reaction chambers;
each water electrolysis gas making unit also comprises a diaphragm, an anode plate and a cathode plate;
the anode plate is provided with an anode mounting groove matched with the anode, the cathode plate is provided with two cathode mounting grooves matched with the two cathodes, the anode is arranged in the anode mounting groove, and the two cathodes are arranged in the two cathode mounting grooves in a one-to-one correspondence manner;
the anode plate and the cathode plate are oppositely arranged, the diaphragm is arranged between the anode plate and the cathode plate, the diaphragm and the anode mounting groove enclose the anode reaction chamber, and the diaphragm and the two cathode mounting grooves respectively enclose two cathode reaction chambers;
an anolyte inlet and an anolyte outlet are formed in the anode plate, an anolyte guide groove is formed in the anode mounting groove, and two opposite ends of the anolyte guide groove are respectively communicated with the anolyte inlet and the anolyte outlet;
the cathode plate is provided with a cathode electrolyte inlet and a cathode electrolyte outlet, a cathode electrolyte diversion groove is formed in each cathode mounting groove, and two opposite ends of each cathode electrolyte diversion groove are respectively communicated with the cathode electrolyte inlet and the cathode electrolyte outlet;
the difference between the volumes of the two catholyte guide grooves and the volumes of the anolyte guide grooves is not more than 5 percent.
2. The electrolyzed water gas forming apparatus of claim 1, wherein the two cathodes have the same electrical resistance value.
3. The electrolyzed water gas-making apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the two cathodes are identical in shape and material.
4. The electrolytic water gas-making apparatus according to claim 1, wherein an area of the anode is equal to a sum of areas of the two cathodes.
5. The electrolyzed water gas forming apparatus of claim 1, wherein the anolyte flow channel and the catholyte flow channel have the same width, the depth of the anolyte flow channel is one half the depth of the catholyte flow channel, and the length of the anolyte flow channel is twice the length of each of the catholyte flow channels.
6. The electrolyzed water gas forming apparatus of claim 1 wherein the anolyte flow channel and the catholyte flow channel each have a serpentine shape that reciprocates.
7. The electrolyzed water gas production device according to claim 1, wherein the anolyte guide grooves comprise two symmetrically arranged anolyte sub-grooves, the number of the anolyte inlets is 2, the anolyte outlets is 1, one ends of the two anolyte sub-grooves are respectively communicated with the corresponding 1 anolyte inlets, and the other ends of the two anolyte sub-grooves are respectively communicated with the anolyte outlets;
the quantity of catholyte export is 2, the quantity of catholyte import is 1, two the one end of catholyte guiding gutter is respectively with 1 that corresponds catholyte export intercommunication, two the other end of catholyte guiding gutter all with the catholyte import intercommunication.
8. The electrolyzed water gas production apparatus according to claim 7, wherein two adjacent electrolyzed water gas production units connected in series are connected with the anode plate through the respective cathode plates thereof and are integrally formed as a bipolar plate.
9. The electrolyzed water gas-making apparatus according to claim 8, wherein each of the anode plates is further provided with two first through holes corresponding to two positions of the catholyte outlets, and each of the anode plates is further provided with a second through hole corresponding to a position of the catholyte inlets; each cathode plate is also provided with two third through holes corresponding to the two anolyte inlet positions; each cathode plate is also provided with a fourth through hole corresponding to the position of the anolyte outlet;
a plurality of corresponding anolyte outlets in the plurality of electrolyzed water gas making units are communicated with a plurality of corresponding fourth through holes to form an anolyte liquid outlet channel; a plurality of corresponding anolyte inlets in the plurality of electrolyzed water gas making units are communicated with a plurality of corresponding third through holes to form an anolyte liquid inlet channel;
a plurality of corresponding catholyte outlets in the plurality of electrolyzed water gas making units are communicated with a plurality of corresponding first through holes to form a catholyte outlet channel; and a plurality of corresponding catholyte inlets and a plurality of corresponding second through holes in the plurality of electrolyzed water gas making units are communicated to form a catholyte inlet channel.
10. The electrolyzed water gas production apparatus of claim 9 comprising two catholyte outlet lines, one catholyte inlet line, two anolyte inlet lines, one anolyte outlet line;
the two cathode electrolyte water outlet pipes are communicated with the two cathode electrolyte water outlet channels in a one-to-one correspondence mode, and the cathode electrolyte water inlet pipe is communicated with the cathode electrolyte liquid inlet channel;
two anolyte inlet tube one-to-one with two anolyte inlet channel intercommunication, the anolyte outlet pipe with anolyte outlet channel intercommunication.
11. The electrolyzed water gas-making apparatus according to claim 10, further comprising a bottom plate, wherein the bottom plate is disposed at an outermost end of the electrolyzed water gas-making apparatus, and when an endmost electrode plate of another end corresponding to the bottom plate is the cathode electrode plate, two of the catholyte water outlet pipes, one of the catholyte water inlet pipes, two of the anolyte water inlet pipes, and one of the anolyte water outlet pipes are respectively communicated with two of the catholyte outlets, one of the catholyte inlets, two of the third through holes, and one of the fourth through holes of the endmost cathode electrode plate; and when the polar plate at the most end part of the other end corresponding to the bottom plate is the anode polar plate, two the catholyte water outlet pipe, one the catholyte water inlet pipe, two the anolyte water inlet pipe, one the anolyte water outlet pipe is respectively communicated with the two most end parts of the anode plate, namely the first through hole, the second through hole, the anolyte inlet and the anolyte outlet.
12. The electrolyzed water gas-making apparatus according to claim 10, comprising two bottom plates disposed outside the anode plate and the cathode plate at opposite ends of the electrolyzed water gas-making apparatus, respectively, wherein two of the catholyte outlet pipes, one of the catholyte inlet pipes, two of the anolyte inlet pipes, and one of the anolyte outlet pipes are disposed on a peripheral wall of one of the bipolar plates.
13. The electrolyzed water gas-making apparatus according to claim 10, comprising two bottom plates disposed outside the anode plate and the cathode plate at opposite ends of the electrolyzed water gas-making apparatus, respectively, two of the catholyte water outlet pipes, one of the anolyte water outlet pipes disposed on one of the bottom plates, and two of the anolyte water inlet pipes and one of the catholyte water inlet pipes disposed on the other of the bottom plates.
14. The electrolyzed water gas production apparatus of claim 9, further comprising an anolyte inlet tube, an anolyte outlet tube, a catholyte inlet tube, and a catholyte outlet tube, wherein the plurality of electrolyzed water gas production units comprises a first electrolyzed water gas production unit and a second electrolyzed water gas production unit located at opposite ends of the electrolyzed water gas production apparatus;
the anode mounting grooves of the first electrolyzed water gas making unit and the second electrolyzed water gas making unit are both provided with an anode electrolyte diversion groove, the cathode mounting grooves of the first electrolyzed water gas making unit and the second electrolyzed water gas making unit are both provided with a cathode electrolyte diversion groove,
the anolyte inlet pipe, the anolyte outlet pipe, the catholyte inlet pipe and the catholyte outlet pipe are respectively communicated with the anolyte inlet channel, the anolyte outlet channel, the catholyte inlet channel and the catholyte outlet channel;
the anolyte water inlet pipe, the anolyte water outlet pipe, the catholyte water inlet pipe and the catholyte water outlet pipe are all arranged on one side of the first electrolyzed water gas making unit, which is opposite to the position of the anolyte diversion trench, of the anode plate;
or the anolyte water inlet pipe, the anolyte water outlet pipe, the catholyte water inlet pipe and the catholyte water outlet pipe are all arranged on one side of the cathode plate of the second electrolyzed water gas making unit, which is opposite to the catholyte diversion groove;
or the anolyte inlet pipe and the catholyte inlet pipe are arranged on one side of the anode plate of the first electrolyzed water gas making unit opposite to the position of the anolyte diversion trench, and the anolyte outlet pipe are arranged on one side of the cathode plate of the second electrolyzed water gas making unit opposite to the position of the catholyte diversion trench;
or the anolyte inlet pipe and the catholyte inlet pipe are arranged on one side of the cathode plate of the second electrolyzed water gas making unit opposite to the catholyte diversion groove, and the anolyte outlet pipe are arranged on one side of the anode plate of the first electrolyzed water gas making unit opposite to the anolyte diversion groove;
or, two adjacent electrolysis water gas making units connected in series are connected with the anode plate through the cathode plate respectively, and are integrally formed into a bipolar plate, and the anolyte inlet pipe, the anolyte outlet pipe, the catholyte inlet pipe and the catholyte outlet pipe are all arranged on the peripheral wall of the bipolar plate.
15. The electrolyzed water gas production apparatus of claim 14, wherein the plurality of electrolyzed water gas production units further comprises at least one middle electrolyzed water gas production unit disposed between the first electrolyzed water gas production unit and the second electrolyzed water gas production unit;
every the negative pole plate of middle part electrolysis water system gas unit and the positive pole plate integrated into one piece of adjacent electrolysis water system gas unit are bipolar plate, every the positive pole plate of middle part electrolysis water system gas unit and the negative pole plate integrated into one piece of adjacent electrolysis water system gas unit are bipolar plate, every all be provided with on the bipolar plate correspond with anolyte feed passage anolyte liquid outlet channel catholyte feed passage and the intercommunicating pore of catholyte feed passage intercommunication.
16. The electrolyzed water gas-making apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the electrolyte is an acidic aqueous solution, an alkaline aqueous solution, pure water, or seawater;
the diaphragm used by the electrolyzed water gas-making unit is made of a material which only allows ions to permeate but not gas to permeate, a material which does not allow ions to permeate nor gas to permeate, or a material which is provided with micropores on the surface and allows a small amount of electrolyte to permeate.
17. The electrolytic water gas-making apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the membrane comprises a proton exchange membrane, an anion exchange membrane, or a cation exchange membrane.
18. A method for producing gas by electrolyzing water, comprising: the device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 17 is used for producing gas by electrolyzing water.
19. The method of claim 18, wherein the amount of electrolyte introduced into the anode reaction chamber and each of the cathode reaction chambers is the same.
CN202010712332.8A 2020-07-22 2020-07-22 Device and method for producing gas by electrolyzing water Active CN111826671B (en)

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