KR20140133301A - The membrane electrdoe assembly for an electrochemical cell - Google Patents

The membrane electrdoe assembly for an electrochemical cell Download PDF

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KR20140133301A
KR20140133301A KR1020130053303A KR20130053303A KR20140133301A KR 20140133301 A KR20140133301 A KR 20140133301A KR 1020130053303 A KR1020130053303 A KR 1020130053303A KR 20130053303 A KR20130053303 A KR 20130053303A KR 20140133301 A KR20140133301 A KR 20140133301A
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electrode assembly
membrane electrode
hydrogen
electrochemical
catalyst
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KR1020130053303A
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Korean (ko)
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문상봉
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(주)엘켐텍
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
    • C25B9/17—Cells comprising dimensionally-stable non-movable electrodes; Assemblies of constructional parts thereof
    • C25B9/19—Cells comprising dimensionally-stable non-movable electrodes; Assemblies of constructional parts thereof with diaphragms
    • C25B9/23—Cells comprising dimensionally-stable non-movable electrodes; Assemblies of constructional parts thereof with diaphragms comprising ion-exchange membranes in or on which electrode material is embedded
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
    • H01M8/1004—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by membrane-electrode assemblies [MEA]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/36—Hydrogen production from non-carbon containing sources, e.g. by water electrolysis
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/10—Process efficiency

Abstract

The present invention relates to a membrane electrode assembly for an electrochemical cell and, more specifically, to a membrane electrode assembly for application to a electrolysis device generating hydrogen by electrolyzing water, or a fuel cell generating electricity from hydrogen or oxygen as a fuel. The membrane electrode assembly consists of an electrochemical catalyst, a carrier carrying the electrochemical catalyst, an electron conductor, and a proton conductor has hydrophilic pores and hydrophobic pores inside. In the present invention, an energy efficiency of an electrochemical cell is maximized to manufacture hydrogen in the low costs.

Description

전기화학셀용 막전극 접합체{The membrane electrdoe assembly for an electrochemical cell}[0001] The present invention relates to a membrane electrode assembly for an electrochemical cell,

이 발명은 전기화학셀용 스택에 관한 것이며, 더욱 상세하게는 물을 전기분해하여 수소를 발생하는 수전해장치나 수소나 산소를 연료로 하여 전기를 발생하는 연료전지에 적용을 위한 막전극접합체에 관한 것이다.
The present invention relates to a stack for an electrochemical cell, and more particularly to a membrane electrode assembly for use in a water electrolysis apparatus for generating hydrogen by electrolysis of water or a fuel cell for generating electricity using hydrogen or oxygen as fuel will be.

전기화학셀은 에너지변환 장치로서, 예를 들면 물과 같은 반응물을 이용하여 산소나 수소 가스를 만드는 전기분해셀과 산소와 수소 연료를 이용하여 전기를 생산하는 연료전지로 구분한다.An electrochemical cell is an energy conversion device, for example, divided into an electrolysis cell for producing oxygen or hydrogen gas using reactants such as water, and a fuel cell for producing electricity using oxygen and hydrogen fuel.

도 1은 물을 전기화학적으로 분해하여 수소가스와 산소가스를 생산하는 전형적인 전기분해 단위셀의 구조도이다. 도 1에 나타낸 바와 같이, 물(H20)이 양극촉매(104)(산소극)로 공급되면 전기화학 반응에 의해 산소가스(O2)와 전자(e-) 그리고 수소이온(H+)(프로톤)으로 분해된다. 이때, 물(H20)의 일부분은 산소가스(O2)와 함께 전기분해셀(100)의 생성물 배출구(126)를 통해 외부로 유출된다. 그리고 분해된 수소이온(H+)은 이온 교환막(102)을 통과하여 음극촉매(106)(수소극)로 이동하여, 양극촉매(104)와 음극촉매(106) 사이에 연결된 외부회로(도시하지 않음)를 따라 이동한 전자(e-)와 반응하여 수소가스(H2)가 된다. 그리고 수소가스(H2) 및 수소이온(H+)과 동반하여 이온 교환막(102)을 통과한 물(H20)은 전기분해셀(100)의 생성물 배출구(124)를 통해 외부로 유출된다. 이때, 양극촉매(104)와 음극촉매(106)에서 각각 일어나는 전기화학적 반응을 표현하면 반응식 1, 2와 같다.Fig. 1 is a structural view of a typical electrolysis unit cell which produces hydrogen gas and oxygen gas by electrochemically decomposing water. 1, when water (H 2 O) is supplied to the anode catalyst 104 (oxygen electrode), oxygen gas (O 2 ), electrons (e - ) and hydrogen ions (H + (Proton). At this time, a portion of the water (H 2 O) flows out together with the oxygen gas (O 2 ) through the product outlet 126 of the electrolysis cell 100. The decomposed hydrogen ions H + pass through the ion exchange membrane 102 and move to the anode catalyst 106 (the hydrogen electrode) and are connected to an external circuit (not shown) connected between the anode catalyst 104 and the anode catalyst 106 (E - ) which travels along the path (not shown) and becomes hydrogen gas (H 2 ). The water H 2 0 passing through the ion exchange membrane 102 in conjunction with the hydrogen gas (H 2 ) and the hydrogen ion (H + ) flows out through the product outlet 124 of the electrolytic cell 100 . At this time, the electrochemical reactions occurring in the anode catalyst 104 and the anode catalyst 106 are expressed as in equations (1) and (2).

[반응식 1][Reaction Scheme 1]

2H2O → 4H+ + 4e- + O2 (양극)2H 2 O? 4H + + 4e - + O 2 (anode)

[반응식 2][Reaction Scheme 2]

4H+ + 4e- → 2H2 (음극)4H + + 4e - ? 2H 2 (cathode)

연료전지에서는 상기 물의 전기분해 반응 메커니즘과 반대로 반응이 일어난다. 즉, 연료전지에서는 수소, 메탄올(methanol) 또는 다른 수소 연료원과 산소가 반응하여 전기를 생산한다. 이때, 연료전지에서 일어나는 일반적인 반응을 표현하면 반응식 3, 4와 같다.In a fuel cell, a reaction occurs in opposition to the electrolysis reaction mechanism of the water. That is, in a fuel cell, hydrogen, methanol or other hydrogen fuel source reacts with oxygen to produce electricity. At this time, the general reaction occurring in the fuel cell is expressed by equations (3) and (4).

[반응식 3][Reaction Scheme 3]

2H2 → 4H+ + 4e- (양극)2H 2 ? 4H + + 4e - (anode)

[반응식 4][Reaction Scheme 4]

4H+ + 4e- + O2 → 2H2O (음극)4H + + 4e - + O 2 - > 2H 2 O (cathode)

전기분해셀(100)을 물을 전기분해하는 전기분해셀로 이용된다면 약 0.05A/cm2 - 4.3A/cm2의 전류밀도에서 약 1.48volts - 3.0 volts의 전압을 인가하고, 전기분해셀(100)을 연료전지로 이용된다면 약 0.0001A/cm2 - 1.0A/cm2의 전류밀도와 약 0.4volts - 1.1volts의 전압을 얻을 수 있다.When the electrolytic cell 100 is used as an electrolytic cell for electrolyzing water, a voltage of about 1.48 volts to 3.0 volts is applied at a current density of about 0.05 A / cm 2 - 4.3 A / cm 2 , 100) is used as a fuel cell, a current density of about 0.0001 A / cm 2 - 1.0 A / cm 2 and a voltage of about 0.4 volts to 1.1 volts can be obtained.

여기서, 이온 교환막(102)의 양 측면에 양극촉매(104)와 음극촉매(106)가 형성된 것을 막전극접합체(101, Membrane Electrode Assembly, 이하 'MEA'라 칭함)라고 한다. Here, the anode catalyst 104 and the anode catalyst 106 formed on both sides of the ion exchange membrane 102 are referred to as a membrane electrode assembly (MEA) 101.

단위 전기분해셀(100)은 MEA(101), 전자 이동과 반응물 및 생성물의 공급과 배출의 기능을 가지는 상기 분리판(112,114), 제1, 제2 전류 공급판(108,110), 그리고 실링목적의 가스켓(120)으로 구성된다. The unit electrolysis cell 100 includes an MEA 101, separation plates 112 and 114 having functions of supplying and discharging electrons and reactants and products, first and second current supply plates 108 and 110, And a gasket 120.

상기 MEA(101) 및 분리판(112,114)의 상단 및 하단에는 반응물의 공급을 위한 공급로(112)와 생성물의 배출을 위한 배출로(124,126)가 있다.At the upper and lower ends of the MEA 101 and the separation plates 112 and 114, there are provided a supply path 112 for supplying a reactant and discharge paths 124 and 126 for discharging a product.

제1, 제2 전류 공급판(108,110)은 전극촉매(104,106)와 분리판(112,114) 사이에 위치하며, 크기는 전극촉매(204,206)와 동일하다. 제1, 제2 전류 공급판(108,110)은 전해질(예를 들면, 물)을 MEA(101)에 균등하게 공급하고, 전극촉매(104,106)에서 발생한 생성물(수소와 산소)을 분리판(112,114)의 유로(116,118)로 이동하게 하는 기능을 가진다. 따라서, 제1, 제2 전류 공급판(108,110)의 구조는 다공체의 구조를 가지는 것이 바람직하다. The first and second current supply plates 108 and 110 are located between the electrode catalysts 104 and 106 and the separation plates 112 and 114 and are the same size as the electrode catalysts 204 and 206. The first and second current supply plates 108 and 110 uniformly supply the electrolyte (for example, water) to the MEA 101 and the products (hydrogen and oxygen) generated from the electrode catalysts 104 and 106 are supplied to the separation plates 112 and 114, To the oil passages 116 and 118 of the oil pan. Therefore, it is preferable that the structure of the first and second current supply plates 108 and 110 has a structure of a porous body.

분리판(112,114)에는 단위 전기화학셀 사이의 분리 기능을 가지며, 또한 반응물 및 생성물의 유체의 유동을 돕는 유로(Flow Field)(116,118)를 가진다. 분리판(112)의 유동통로(116)에 반응물(예를 들면, 물)이 공급되면, 이와 접촉하는 MEA(101)의 전극촉매(104)측은 양극(산화 전극, Anode)이 되며, 타측 분리판(114)의 유동통로(118)에는 생성물(예를 들면, 수소)과 양극측에서 이동한 물이 유동하고, 이와 접촉하는 MEA(101)의 전극촉매(106)는 음극(환원 전극, Cathode)이 된다.
The separator plates 112 and 114 have flow cells 116 and 118 having a separating function between the unit electrochemical cells and supporting the flow of reactants and products. When a reactant (for example, water) is supplied to the flow passage 116 of the separator plate 112, the electrode catalyst 104 side of the MEA 101 in contact with the flow path becomes the anode (anode electrode) The product (for example, hydrogen) and the water moved on the anode side flow into the flow passage 118 of the plate 114 and the electrode catalyst 106 of the MEA 101 in contact with the flow channel 118 flows through the cathode ).

따라서, 이 발명은 앞서 설명한 바와 같은 종래기술의 문제점을 해결하기 위하여 안출된 것으로서, 막전극접합체가 에너지효율이 최대화되도록 구성요소를 제공하는 데 그 목적이 있다.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Accordingly, the present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems occurring in the prior art, and it is an object of the present invention to provide a membrane electrode assembly in which the energy efficiency is maximized.

이 발명은 막전극접합체가 전자 전도성과 프로톤 전도성이 있고, 물과 가스의 확산저항이 최소화 되도록 구조를 제공하는 것을 특징으로 한다.
The present invention is characterized in that the membrane electrode assembly has electronic conductivity and proton conductivity, and provides a structure in which diffusion resistance of water and gas is minimized.

이 발명은 전기화학셀의 에너지 효율을 최대화되도록 하여 수소를 저렴하게 제조할 수 있다.
This invention maximizes the energy efficiency of the electrochemical cell, thereby enabling hydrogen to be produced at low cost.

도 1은 물을 전기화학적으로 분해하여 수소가스와 산소가스를 생산하는 전기화학 단위셀의 구조도이고,
도 2는 전형적인 전기화학 단위셀을 적층한 스택의 개략도이고,
도 3은 본 발명의 막전극접합체 구조도이며,
도 4는 각각의 함량비를 조절하면서 제작한 막전극접합체의 성능도이다. 1 is a structural view of an electrochemical unit cell that produces hydrogen gas and oxygen gas by electrochemically decomposing water,
Figure 2 is a schematic view of a stack of typical electrochemical unit cells stacked,
3 is a structural view of the membrane electrode assembly of the present invention,
4 is a performance diagram of a membrane electrode assembly manufactured by adjusting the content ratios.

아래에서, 이 발명에 따른 양호한 실시예를 첨부한 도면을 참조하여 상세히 설명한다.Hereinafter, preferred embodiments according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

도 3은 본 발명의 막전극접합체의 구조도이다.3 is a structural view of the membrane electrode assembly of the present invention.

막전극접합체는 전기화학촉매, 전기화학촉매를 담지한 담지체, 전자전도체, 프로톤전도체로 구성되며, 프로톤 전도체내에는 친수성 기공과 소수성 기공을 가진다. The membrane electrode assembly is composed of an electrochemical catalyst, a carrier carrying an electrochemical catalyst, an electron conductor, and a proton conductor, and the proton conductor has hydrophilic pores and hydrophobic pores.

산화목적의 전기화학 촉매는 이리듐, 루테늄, 탄탈륨, 안티몬, 니켈, 주성 등의 단일종 이상의 금속 또는 산화물로 구성된다. The electrochemical catalyst for the oxidation purpose is composed of at least one metal or oxide such as iridium, ruthenium, tantalum, antimony, nickel,

환원목적의 전기화학 촉매는 백금, 루테늄, 니켈 등의 단일종 이상 금속 또는 산화물로 구성된다.The electrochemical catalyst for reduction is composed of a single metal or oxide such as platinum, ruthenium, or nickel.

전기화학촉매를 담지하는 담지체의 경우 그 성분은 티타늄산화물이 바람직하다.In the case of a carrier carrying an electrochemical catalyst, its component is preferably titanium oxide.

전기화학촉매를 담지하는 담지체의 형태는 구형이 바람직하다.The shape of the carrier for carrying the electrochemical catalyst is preferably spherical.

전기화학촉매를 담지하는 담지체의 크기는 50나노가 바람직하다. The size of the support carrying the electrochemical catalyst is preferably 50 nm.

막전극접합체의 전자전도체와 프로톤전도체의 구성 비율은 무게비로 100:1 로 구성되며, 프로톤 전도체내 친수성 기공과 소수성 기공의 비는 1:1이다. The composition ratio of the electron conductor to the proton conductor in the membrane electrode assembly is 100: 1 by weight, and the ratio of the hydrophilic pores to the hydrophobic pores in the proton conductive material is 1: 1.

전자전도체는 티타늄, 탄탈륨, 탄소 섬유 등이 바람직하며, 가장 바람직한 것은 산화 내구성이 큰 티타늄이다.The electron conductor is preferably titanium, tantalum, carbon fiber or the like, and the most preferable is titanium having high oxidation durability.

친수성 기공은 나피온 이오노머에 의해서 형성된 것이 바람직하다.The hydrophilic pores are preferably formed by a Nafion ionomer.

소수송 기공은 불소수지에 의해 형성된 것이 바람직하다.The small transport pores are preferably formed by a fluororesin.

도 4는 각각의 함량비를 조절하면서 제작한 막전극접합체의 성능도이다.4 is a performance diagram of a membrane electrode assembly manufactured by adjusting the content ratios.

가장 성능이 우수한 것은 98%의 에너지 효율을 갖는다,The best performance is 98% energy efficiency,

이상에서 이 발명의 전기화학셀용 막전극 접합체에 대한 기술사항을 첨부도면과 함께 서술하였지만 이는 이 발명의 가장 양호한 실시예를 예시적으로 설명한 것이다. 따라서, 이 발명이 상기에 기재된 실시예에 한정되는 것은 아니고, 이 발명의 사상 및 범위를 벗어나지 않고 다양하게 수정 및 변형할 수 있음은 이 기술분야에서 통상의 지식을 가진 자에게 자명하므로, 그러한 변형예 또는 수정예들 또한 이 발명의 특허청구범위에 속한다 할 것이다.Although the description of the membrane electrode assembly for an electrochemical cell of the present invention has been described above with reference to the accompanying drawings, it is an exemplary description of the most preferred embodiment of the present invention. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims. Examples or modifications will also fall within the scope of the claims of this invention.

Claims (1)

전기화학 촉매, 촉매를 담지하는 담지체, 전자전도체, 프로톤 전도체, 친수성기공, 소수성 기공을 가지는 막전극접합체에서 파이버 형태의 금속 전자전도체를 갖는 것을 특징으로 하는 막전극접합체.Wherein the membrane electrode assembly has a fibrous metal electron conductor in a membrane electrode assembly having an electrochemical catalyst, a support carrying a catalyst, an electron conductor, a proton conductor, a hydrophilic pore, and a hydrophobic pore.
KR1020130053303A 2013-05-10 2013-05-10 The membrane electrdoe assembly for an electrochemical cell KR20140133301A (en)

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2019212071A1 (en) * 2018-04-30 2019-11-07 (주)엘켐텍 Electrochemical dehydration reactor and method for manufacturing hydrogen by using same
KR20190131521A (en) * 2017-04-03 2019-11-26 쓰리엠 이노베이티브 프로퍼티즈 캄파니 Water electrolysis device
CN113228354A (en) * 2018-10-09 2021-08-06 凸版印刷株式会社 Membrane electrode assembly for fuel cell and solid polymer fuel cell

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR20190131521A (en) * 2017-04-03 2019-11-26 쓰리엠 이노베이티브 프로퍼티즈 캄파니 Water electrolysis device
WO2019212071A1 (en) * 2018-04-30 2019-11-07 (주)엘켐텍 Electrochemical dehydration reactor and method for manufacturing hydrogen by using same
CN113228354A (en) * 2018-10-09 2021-08-06 凸版印刷株式会社 Membrane electrode assembly for fuel cell and solid polymer fuel cell

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