CN114381759B

CN114381759B - Control system and control method of photovoltaic hydrogen production system

Info

Publication number: CN114381759B
Application number: CN202210129236.XA
Authority: CN
Inventors: 王韬; 余志勇; 刘丽萍; 王凡; 郭海礁; 王金意; 王鹏杰
Original assignee: Huaneng Clean Energy Research Institute
Current assignee: Huaneng Clean Energy Research Institute
Priority date: 2022-02-11
Filing date: 2022-02-11
Publication date: 2023-09-29
Anticipated expiration: 2042-02-11
Also published as: CN114381759A

Abstract

The invention discloses a control system and a control method of a photovoltaic hydrogen production system, wherein the photovoltaic hydrogen production system comprises a photovoltaic panel and an electrolytic tank system, and the control system comprises a PLC controller, a voltage detector, a current detector, a temperature sensor, an inverter, a flow controller and a current controller which are electrically connected with the PLC controller; the voltage detector and the current detector are respectively used for collecting the current value and the voltage value of the output end of the photovoltaic panel; the temperature sensor is used for collecting temperature information of the photovoltaic panel in real time; the inverter is used for converting the electric energy obtained from the output end of the photovoltaic panel and outputting the electric energy; the flow controller is used for controlling the flow of electrolyte in the electrolytic tank system; the flow controller comprises a signal receiving device and a circulating pump with a variable-frequency speed regulation function, wherein the signal receiving device and the circulating pump are electrically connected. The control system of the photovoltaic hydrogen production system can realize automatic control of the control system of the micro-photovoltaic hydrogen production system.

Description

Control system and control method of photovoltaic hydrogen production system

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of electrolytic hydrogen production, and particularly relates to a control system and a control method of a photovoltaic hydrogen production system.

Background

At present, photovoltaic power generation is the most economical clean energy source worldwide, meanwhile, the electricity cost of the photovoltaic power generation is continuously reduced, and the low electricity cost of the photovoltaic power generation brings the opportunity of reducing the cost for hydrogen production by water electrolysis. And then the sufficient and economical photovoltaic power is utilized to hydrolyze and produce the green hydrogen, so that the application scale of the green hydrogen can be continuously enlarged, and the aims of reducing carbon and decarbonizing in various countries worldwide are accelerated. The existing main stream water electrolysis hydrogen production technology mainly comprises three types of materials: alkaline water electrolysis hydrogen production, proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) electrolysis hydrogen production, and high temperature Solid Oxide Electrolysis (SOEC) hydrogen production. The key core equipment in the electrolytic hydrogen production technology is an electrolytic tank, and the three electrolytic technologies are respectively an alkaline electrolytic tank, a proton exchange membrane electrolytic tank and a high-temperature solid oxide electrolytic tank.

With respect to the electrolyzer, all three of the aforementioned hydrogen production technologies have their inherent drawbacks. For example, alkaline water baths have the disadvantages of (1) employing strong base KOH as the electrolyte, requiring the use of corrosion resistant metals to make the baths, increasing costs; (2) The alkaline water tank diaphragm is made of asbestos or PPS and other materials, so that the resistance is high, the energy consumption is increased, the gas barrier property is poor, the load fluctuation resistance is poor, and the starting and stopping time is long; (3) The alkaline water electrolysis system has complex structure, more parts and high failure rate. The main disadvantage of PEM systems is that the core component, the proton exchange membrane, is usually made of noble metals, which is costly. The high-temperature solid oxide electrolytic cell is in the experimental stage at present, the electrode performance loss is fast, and the technical maturity is low. Therefore, the three hydrogen production technologies at present have poor applicability in small-scale distributed hydrogen production.

Therefore, the above three electrolytic hydrogen production technologies are not well used in conjunction with photovoltaic power generation systems due to their inherent drawbacks. For example, when the fluctuation of the electric power is large, the content of the mixed oxygen in the hydrogen is easy to generate large fluctuation to cause explosion risk, and solar energy is an energy source with large fluctuation, so that the fluctuation of the load resistance of the alkaline water electrolysis technology applied to the photovoltaic hydrogen production system is poor. Meanwhile, the alkaline water electrolysis cells are operated in series, and the hydrogen production of each cell cannot be controlled according to the electric load, so that the flexibility is lacking; the proton exchange membrane electrolyzer has high price because of containing noble metal electrode catalyst; SOEC is now far immature and has not been used in conjunction with photovoltaic systems.

On the other hand, under sunlight, the photovoltaic panel will have a region below it where the temperature rises significantly, called a "hot zone". The occurrence of this region will significantly reduce the efficiency of photovoltaic power generation. How to conduct out the heat of the hot zone and reduce the temperature of the photovoltaic panel is a difficult problem in the photovoltaic power generation industry.

In view of the above analysis, the core component of electrolytic hydrogen production is an electrolytic tank, and the main problems are high cost, complex structure, high failure rate and the like. Therefore, there is a need to develop a compact, simple structure, high flexibility electrolysis apparatus suitable for distributed hydrogen production. The electrolytic cell is essentially a device for generating electrochemical reaction by being electrified, and at present, the miniaturization of the reactor is one of the important directions of the development of chemical equipment, so that various micro-chemical devices, such as a micro-reactor, a micro-separator, a micro-electrolytic cell and the like, are promoted.

How to combine micro chemical devices such as micro electrolytic cells and the like with a photovoltaic panel to realize automatic control of hydrogen production by electrolysis and temperature reduction of the photovoltaic panel is a problem to be solved urgently.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above, an object of the present invention is to provide a control system for a photovoltaic hydrogen production system, which can realize automatic control of a micro-electrolyzer-photovoltaic hydrogen production system by providing a PLC controller, a voltage detector, a current detector, a temperature sensor, an inverter, a flow controller, a current controller, etc.

Another object of the present invention is to propose a control method of a control system of a photovoltaic hydrogen production system.

To achieve the above object, an embodiment of a first aspect of the present invention provides a control system of a photovoltaic hydrogen production system, the photovoltaic hydrogen production system including a photovoltaic panel and an electrolyzer system, the control system including a PLC controller and a voltage detector, a current detector, a temperature sensor, an inverter, a flow controller and a current controller electrically connected thereto;

the voltage detector and the current detector are respectively used for collecting the current value and the voltage value of the output end of the photovoltaic panel;

the temperature sensor is used for collecting temperature information of the photovoltaic panel in real time;

The inverter is used for converting the electric energy obtained from the output end of the photovoltaic panel and outputting the electric energy;

the flow controller is used for controlling the flow of electrolyte in the electrolytic tank system; the flow controller comprises a signal receiving device and a circulating pump with a variable-frequency speed regulation function, which are electrically connected; the signal receiving device is used for receiving a control signal sent by the PLC, and the circulating pump is used for controlling the flow of electrolyte;

the current controller is used for controlling the current applied to the electrolytic cell system.

According to the control system of the photovoltaic hydrogen production system, disclosed by the embodiment of the invention, the automatic control of the micro-electrolysis cell-photovoltaic hydrogen production system can be realized by arranging the PLC, the voltage detector, the current detector, the temperature sensor, the inverter, the flow controller, the current controller and the like.

In some embodiments of the invention, the voltage detector is a voltage sensor and the current detector is a current sensor.

In some embodiments of the invention, the signal receiving apparatus is a signal receiver.

In some embodiments of the invention, the current detector, voltage detector and temperature sensor are mounted on one side of the photovoltaic panel and the other side of the photovoltaic panel is surface mounted with the electrolyzer system.

In some embodiments of the invention, the electrolyzer system comprises a micro-electrolyzer array comprised of a plurality of micro-electrolyzer combinations disposed on the photovoltaic panel; wherein the combination of micro-cells comprises at least one micro-cell.

In some embodiments of the invention, the micro-cell combination comprises a substrate and a number of micro-cells, and the number of micro-cell arrays are distributed on the substrate.

In order to achieve the above object, an embodiment of a second aspect of the present invention provides a control method of a control system of a photovoltaic hydrogen production system, including:

acquiring a current value and a voltage value of the output end of the photovoltaic panel acquired by the voltage detector and the current detector, and calculating a first power value of the output end of the photovoltaic panel;

when the current value or the first power value is larger than or equal to a preset threshold value, the electric quantity output by the photovoltaic panel is split by the current controller according to a preset proportion value: and outputting the first partial electric quantity through an inverter, and outputting the second partial electric quantity to an electrolytic tank system for electrolytic hydrogen production.

In some embodiments of the invention, the outputting the second portion of the electrical power to the electrolyzer system for electrolytic hydrogen production comprises:

Acquiring a second power value allocated to the electrolytic cell system;

based on the second power value and the power value required for each micro-cell, electrical energy is applied to the micro-cell of the corresponding data by the current controller.

In some embodiments of the invention, the method further comprises:

and when the current value or the first power value is smaller than a preset threshold value, controlling the electric energy output by the photovoltaic panel to directly enter an inverter for output.

In some embodiments of the invention, the outputting the second portion of the electrical power to the electrolyzer system for electrolytic hydrogen production further comprises:

acquiring the temperature of the photovoltaic panel acquired by the temperature sensor;

when the temperature of the photovoltaic panel is smaller than a preset temperature threshold value, controlling the electrolyte flow in the electrolytic tank system to run according to a set constant value through a flow controller;

and when the temperature of the photovoltaic panel is greater than or equal to a preset temperature threshold value, increasing the flow of electrolyte in the electrolytic tank system through a flow controller according to a preset temperature change curve.

The control method of the control system of the photovoltaic hydrogen production system in the embodiment of the invention has basically the same advantages as the control system of the photovoltaic hydrogen production system compared with the prior art, so that the description is omitted here.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a control system for a photovoltaic hydrogen production system according to one embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a flow chart of a method of controlling the operation of a control system of a photovoltaic hydrogen production system according to one embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a simple structure of a diaphragm-free micro-electrolyzer-photovoltaic hydrogen production system corresponding to a control system of the photovoltaic hydrogen production system according to one embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a simplified bottom view of the distribution of the photovoltaic panel back side cell system of fig. 3 (the substrate is transparent).

FIG. 5 is a schematic bottom view of one embodiment of a micro-cell assembly (without the first cover plate or the second cover plate, with the substrate being transparent) in the micro-cell array included in the cell system of FIG. 3.

FIG. 6 is a schematic bottom view of another embodiment of a micro-cell assembly (without the first cover plate or the second cover plate, with the substrate being made of transparent material) in a micro-cell array included in the cell system of FIG. 3.

FIG. 7 is a perspective view of a micro-cell of the array of micro-cells included in the cell system of FIG. 3.

FIG. 8 is an angled perspective view of a micro-cell of the array of micro-cells included in the cell system of FIG. 3, excluding the cover plate portion.

Fig. 9 is an enlarged view at B in fig. 8.

Fig. 10 is an enlarged view at C in fig. 8.

Fig. 11 is an enlarged view of D in fig. 8.

FIG. 12 is a top view of an angle (rotated 90 counter-clockwise) of a micro-cell of the array of micro-cells contained in the cell system of FIG. 3, excluding the cover plate portion.

Fig. 13 is a cross-sectional view at A-A in fig. 12.

Fig. 14 is an enlarged view of fig. 13 at E.

FIG. 15 is another perspective view of a micro-cell of the array of micro-cells included in the cell system of FIG. 3 (the substrate is an opaque material).

FIG. 16 is a schematic illustration of a process packaging of micro-cells in an array of micro-cells included in the cell system of FIG. 3, wherein: (a) processing a substrate; (b) processing the microchannel structure for the substrate; (c) adding a first cover plate for packaging.

Reference numerals:

1-an electrolyte inlet; 2-cathode interface; 3-anode interface; 4-a hydrogen storage tank; 5-an oxygen storage tank; 6-oxygen outlet; 7-a hydrogen outlet; 8-a substrate; 9-a first cover plate; 10-groove; 11-main channel; 12-cathode; 13-an anode; 14-partition walls; 15-hydrogen channel; 16-oxygen channel; 17-a first liquid outlet; 18-a second liquid outlet; 19-a hydrogen output pipe; 100-photovoltaic panel; 200-a micro-cell electrolyte inlet conduit; 300-a micro-cell combination; 400-micro-electrolysis cell; 500-a hydrogen storage system; 600-current controller; 700-temperature sensor; 800-a micro-cell transport system; 900-an inverter; 1000-diaphragmless micro-cell system.

Detailed Description

Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. The embodiments described below by referring to the drawings are illustrative and intended to explain the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the invention.

The current controller, the temperature sensor, the inverter, the flow controller, the circulating pump and the like used in the control system of the photovoltaic hydrogen production system can be obtained through commercial paths.

As shown in fig. 1, the control system of the photovoltaic hydrogen production system in the embodiment of the invention comprises a photovoltaic panel and an electrolytic tank system, wherein the control system comprises a PLC controller, and a voltage detector, a current detector, a temperature sensor, an inverter, a flow controller and a current controller which are electrically connected with the PLC controller; the voltage detector and the current detector are respectively used for collecting a current value and a voltage value of the output end of the photovoltaic panel; the temperature sensor is used for collecting temperature information of the photovoltaic panel in real time; the inverter (AC-DC) is used for converting the electric energy obtained from the output end of the photovoltaic panel and outputting the electric energy; the flow controller is used for controlling the flow of electrolyte in the electrolytic tank system; the flow controller comprises a signal receiving device and a circulating pump with a variable-frequency speed regulation function, which are electrically connected; the signal receiving device is used for receiving a control signal sent by the PLC controller, and the circulating pump is used for controlling the flow of electrolyte; the current controller is used for controlling the current applied to the electrolytic cell system.

The PLC is the core of the whole control system, the sensors convert signals such as current, temperature and pressure into electric signals and transmit the electric signals to the PLC, the PLC transmits control signals to the current controller and the flow controller according to a control strategy after the signals are processed, the current controller is used for regulating and controlling the current applied to the electrolytic tank system so as to control the electrolytic rate, and the flow controller is mainly used for controlling the flow of electrolyte entering the electrolytic tank system according to the signals. By means of the control system, automatic control at the system level can be achieved.

According to the control system of the photovoltaic hydrogen production system, disclosed by the embodiment of the invention, the PLC, the voltage detector, the current detector, the temperature sensor, the inverter, the flow controller, the current controller and the like are arranged, so that the automatic control of the photovoltaic hydrogen production system can be realized.

In some embodiments of the invention, the current detector, voltage detector and temperature sensor are mounted on one side of a photovoltaic panel, and the surface of the other side of the photovoltaic panel is fitted with an electrolyzer system.

In some embodiments of the invention, as shown in FIG. 4, the electrolyzer system includes a micro-electrolyzer array comprised of a plurality of micro-electrolyzer combinations 300 disposed on a photovoltaic panel 100; wherein the micro-cell assembly 300 comprises at least one micro-cell 400.

In some embodiments of the invention, as shown in fig. 5, the micro-cell assembly comprises a substrate 8 and a number of micro-cells 400, and the number of micro-cells 400 are distributed on the substrate 8.

As shown in fig. 2, a control method of a control system of a photovoltaic hydrogen production system according to an embodiment of the present invention includes: acquiring a voltage detector and a current value and a voltage value of an output end of a photovoltaic panel acquired by the current detector, and calculating a first power value of the output end of the photovoltaic panel; when the current value or the first power value is larger than or equal to a preset threshold value, the electric quantity output by the photovoltaic panel is split by the current controller according to a preset proportion value: and outputting the first partial electric quantity through an inverter, and outputting the second partial electric quantity to an electrolytic tank system for electrolytic hydrogen production.

In some embodiments of the invention, outputting a second portion of the electrical power to the electrolyzer system for electrolytic hydrogen production, comprising: acquiring a second power value allocated to the electrolytic cell system; based on the second power value and the power value required for each micro-cell, electrical energy is applied to the micro-cell of the corresponding data by the current controller. The number of micro-cell operations may be dynamically adjusted based on the power allocated to the cell, such as a single micro-cell current density of 200mA/cm ² The voltage is about 1.5V, the power is about 0.3W, and if the power is 3W, the power can be distributed to 10 micro-electrolytic cells by a current controller to work.

In some embodiments of the invention, the electrical energy output by the photovoltaic panel is controlled to directly enter the inverter (AC-DC) output when the current value or the first power value is less than a preset threshold.

In some embodiments of the invention, the temperature of the photovoltaic panel acquired by the temperature sensor is acquired; when the temperature of the photovoltaic panel is smaller than a preset temperature threshold value, controlling the electrolyte flow in the electrolytic tank system to run according to a set constant value through a flow controller; when the temperature of the photovoltaic panel is greater than or equal to a preset temperature threshold value, the flow of electrolyte in the electrolytic tank system is increased through the flow controller according to a preset temperature change curve.

Specifically, since the power generated by the photovoltaic panel changes along with the change of sunlight, after the system is started, the voltage sensor and the current sensor detect the power value of the output end of the photovoltaic panel at fixed time, if the output current is smaller than a certain threshold value, the power generated by the photovoltaic panel is lower, the operation of an electrolytic cell system is not suitable, the electrolytic cell system is not started, and the electric energy generated by the photovoltaic panel directly enters an inverter (AC-DC) for outputting; if the output power/current of the photovoltaic panel is detected to be larger than a certain threshold value, the photovoltaic power generation is suitable for water electrolysis; at this time, the PLC controller sends out a signal to the current controller according to the set proportion value, and the electricity generated by the photovoltaic panel is split: one part of the hydrogen is continuously output by using an inverter in the form of electric energy, and the other part of the hydrogen is used for electrolytic hydrogen production by an electrolytic tank system; according to the distribution power of the PLC controller to the electrolytic cell system, the current controller can control the current/voltage value applied to the electrolytic cell system, and accurate matching of energy utilization can be achieved by accurately controlling the electrolytic power on the micro-electrolysis array and the single micro-electrolysis cell. For example, when the power allocated to the electrolyzer system is lower, the current controller may apply electrical energy to the fewer micro-electrolyzer arrays; when the power allocated to the micro-electrolysis system increases, the power may be allocated to more micro-cell arrays, i.e. the number of micro-cells operating is dynamically adjusted according to the power. On the other hand, a temperature sensor attached to the back surface of the photovoltaic panel monitors the temperature change of the photovoltaic panel in real time, and when the temperature of the photovoltaic panel is lower than a certain threshold value, a PLC (programmable logic controller) sends out a signal to enable the flow of electrolyte in the electrolytic cell system to operate according to a certain constant value; when the temperature of the photovoltaic panel exceeds a certain threshold value, the temperature sensor transmits a signal of temperature rise to the PLC, and the PLC transmits the signal to the flow controller according to a temperature change curve to control the flow controller to immediately increase the flow of electrolyte in the electrolytic tank system. Through increasing electrolyte circulation volume in the electrolysis trough system, played the effect of cooling down for the photovoltaic board, improved electrolyte temperature simultaneously, be favorable to improving electrolysis efficiency.

The photovoltaic hydrogen production system controlled by the control system of the embodiment of the invention can be a traditional photovoltaic hydrogen production system or a diaphragm-free micro-electrolysis cell-photovoltaic hydrogen production system as shown in figure 3.

As shown in fig. 3, a diaphragmless micro-electrolyzer-photovoltaic hydrogen production system includes a photovoltaic panel 100, a diaphragmless micro-electrolyzer system 1000, a micro-electrolyzer transport system 800, and a hydrogen storage system 500; the surface of the photovoltaic panel 100, which is opposite to the sunlight, is provided with a diaphragm-free micro-electrolysis cell system 1000 in a fitting manner, wherein the diaphragm-free micro-electrolysis cell system comprises a micro-electrolysis cell array arranged on the photovoltaic panel, the micro-electrolysis cell array consists of a plurality of micro-electrolysis cell combinations 300, and the micro-electrolysis cell combinations 300 are uniformly distributed on the photovoltaic panel 100; the photovoltaic panel 100 is provided with a current controller 600 and a temperature sensor 700 on the side facing sunlight; the current controller 600 connects the inverter 900 and the diaphragm-free micro-electrolyzer system; the temperature sensor 700 connects the current controller 600 and the micro-cell delivery system 800; the micro-cell delivery system 800 includes a power plant in communication with the diaphragmless micro-cell system 1000 and operable to drive the circulating flow of electrolyte within the diaphragmless micro-cell system 1000; the hydrogen storage system 500 is in communication with the membraneless micro-electrolysis cell system 1000 for collecting and storing hydrogen generated by the micro-electrolysis amplifying device.

According to the diaphragm-free micro-electrolysis cell-photovoltaic hydrogen production system, as the diaphragm-free micro-electrolysis cell system is arranged on the surface of the photovoltaic plate, which is opposite to sunlight, the photovoltaic plate can generate heat after being irradiated by sunlight and can be transferred to the diaphragm-free micro-electrolysis cell system, so that the temperature of the diaphragm-free micro-electrolysis cell system is increased, on one hand, the temperature of the photovoltaic plate is reduced, the photovoltaic power generation efficiency is improved, and on the other hand, the temperature in the diaphragm-free micro-electrolysis cell system is improved, and the electrolysis efficiency is improved; meanwhile, due to the arrangement of a current controller, a temperature sensor and the like, dynamic control from photovoltaic power generation to electrolysis can be realized, and electrolysis current and voltage and electrolyte flow rate of the diaphragm-free micro-electrolysis cell system can be controlled according to electric load and heat.

Wherein, power device adopts the circulating pump. The temperature sensor on the photovoltaic panel can play a vital role, can sense the temperature on the photovoltaic panel, on one hand, transmits a signal to the current controller, changes the current distribution of the current controller, for example, when the temperature of the photovoltaic panel rises too fast, the temperature sensor transmits the signal to the current controller, and the current controller outputs an increased current to the diaphragm-free micro-electrolysis cell system, so that the hydrogen yield of the diaphragm-free micro-electrolysis cell system is increased, and the heat dissipation is accelerated; on the other hand, the temperature sensor transmits signals to the micro-electrolysis tank conveying system, so that the flow of electrolyte is quickened, and the heat dissipation is promoted.

In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 5, all the micro-electrolysis cells 300 comprise a substrate 8 and a plurality of micro-electrolysis cells 400, and the micro-electrolysis cells 400 are distributed on the substrate 8 in an array. The substrate may be shaped as a Fang Tiping plate.

Wherein, the substrate material adopts polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), glass, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) or 3D printing material, etc. Among them, the 3D printing material may be ABS plastic, polylactic acid (PLA) plastic, engineering plastic (ABS material, pc material, nylon material, etc.), photosensitive resin, etc. When a transparent material such as polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) is used, a bottom view of the photovoltaic panel and the diaphragm-free micro-cell apparatus is shown in FIG. 4.

Wherein a plurality of micro-cell assemblies 300 are arranged in parallel with one another on the photovoltaic panel 100 to form an array of micro-cells. For example, as shown in fig. 4, the cells are arranged in a 3 x 4 array on a photovoltaic panel, with 3 combinations of micro cells per row and 4 combinations of micro cells per column.

Wherein, the arrangement mode of a plurality of micro-electrolytic cells on the substrate where the micro-electrolytic cells are arranged is at least two modes:

alternatively, as shown in fig. 4 and 5, in some embodiments of the present invention, the arrangement of a plurality of micro-cells on a substrate adopts a first arrangement: a plurality of micro-electrolytic cells 400 are arranged in parallel on the base plate 8; when the substrate is placed horizontally, the micro-electrolytic cells are all arranged horizontally. This arrangement is also referred to as a parallel arrangement.

Alternatively, as shown in fig. 6, in other embodiments of the present invention, the arrangement of the plurality of micro-cells on the substrate adopts a second arrangement: the micro-electrolytic cells 400 are distributed on the base plate 8 in a ring shape, and each micro-electrolytic cell 400 is arranged along the radial direction of the ring. The arrangement mode can also be annular arrangement, a plurality of micro-electrolytic cells are circularly arranged around a central axis, and preferably, adjacent micro-electrolytic cells can be distributed at an included angle of 30-45 degrees according to the number of the micro-electrolytic cells.

It should be noted that, the combination of the micro-electrolytic cells formed by a plurality of micro-electrolytic cells arranged in parallel is more regular, the electrolytic electrode and the gas storage device are easy to be placed, but the combination of the micro-electrolytic cells formed by a plurality of micro-electrolytic cells arranged in a ring shape can design more micro-electrolytic cells on the substrate with the same size, thereby increasing the amplifying effect.

Wherein each of the plurality of micro-cell combinations comprises at least one micro-cell, preferably 5-10 micro-cells. For example, as shown in fig. 4 and 5, one micro-cell combination may be provided with 10 micro-cells arranged in a "straight" line and parallel to each other. For another example, as shown in FIG. 6, an array of micro-cells may be provided with 8 micro-cells that radiate from the center in an annular pattern. It should be noted that a single row of micro-cells may be provided on one substrate as shown in fig. 5, or a plurality of rows of micro-cells may be provided.

As shown in fig. 7, each of the micro-electrolytic cells 400 includes a micro-channel structure disposed on the substrate 8 and a first cover plate 9, and the first cover plate 9 and the micro-channel structure form a closed space; all surfaces of the first cover plates on one side opposite to the corresponding micro-channel structures are bonded and connected with the photovoltaic plates (namely, all surfaces of the first cover plates on one side opposite to the photovoltaic plates are bonded and connected with the photovoltaic plates). Each micro-channel structure adopts an independent cover plate, so that the sealing safety of the electrolyte of the micro-electrolytic cell can be improved, and the leakage of the electrolyte is avoided. In this case, the first cover plate may be mounted on the base plate in any structural form as long as the first cover plate can seal the microchannel structure to form a closed sealing cavity. Optionally, in some embodiments of the present invention, as shown in fig. 7, 8 and 12, a groove 10 is formed on the substrate 8, and a micro-channel structure is formed in the bottom of the groove 10; the first cover plate 9 is arranged in the groove 10, and the thickness of the first cover plate 9 is equal to the depth of the groove 10. It should be noted that, the position of the groove 10 on the substrate is not limited, but it is preferable that the groove 10 is concentric with the corresponding micro-channel structure, and the shape of the groove is not limited, so long as the requirement of opening the micro-channel structure is satisfied, and the shape and the size of the first cover plate 9 are all equivalent to those of the corresponding groove 10. Alternatively, in this case, the method of forming a single micro-cell on the substrate is: as shown in fig. 16, a step of processing a substrate is included; a step of processing a micro-channel structure on a substrate; and packaging the first cover plate and the substrate. Alternatively, in some embodiments of the present invention, when the substrate is made of PMMA, CAD-aided design may be used, and the micro-channel structure is etched on the substrate by precision numerical control (CNC) processing, and then a first cover plate 9 and the substrate are encapsulated to form the complete micro-cell. The encapsulation can be realized by adopting modes of epoxy resin glue adhesion, thermal bonding and the like. Alternatively, in other embodiments of the present invention, when the substrate is made of 3D printing material, the micro-electrolytic cell may be formed by 3D printing, and the micro-channel structure is directly printed out through the 3D design and encapsulated with the first cover plate 9. The encapsulation can be realized by adopting modes of epoxy resin glue adhesion, thermal bonding and the like. It should be noted that, in this case, the manner of processing a plurality of micro-cells on a substrate to form a micro-cell combination is similar to that of forming a single micro-cell, but the micro-channel structures of all micro-cells in the same micro-cell combination need to be processed on the same substrate, and the first cover plate of each micro-cell is individually encapsulated with the substrate.

In view of cost, the micro-electrolysis cells 400 each include a micro-channel structure disposed on the substrate 8, and all the micro-electrolysis cell assemblies 300 each further include a second cover plate, that is, all the micro-channel structures in the same micro-electrolysis cell assembly share one cover plate, but in this case, the second cover plate corresponding to each micro-electrolysis cell assembly may encapsulate the corresponding micro-channel structures to form a plurality of closed spaces corresponding to the micro-channel structures, otherwise there may be a risk of liquid leakage. Optionally, the second cover plate corresponding to each micro-electrolysis cell combination can encapsulate the corresponding micro-channel structures, and one form of the second cover plate can be that the part of the substrate corresponding to each micro-channel structure is provided with a sealing groove, the part of the second cover plate corresponding to each micro-channel structure is uniformly and integrally formed with a protrusion capable of being embedded into the sealing groove, and a sealing gasket is arranged between the protrusion and the sealing groove. All the surfaces of the second cover plates on one side opposite to the corresponding micro-channel structures are in fit connection with the photovoltaic plates (namely, all the surfaces of the second cover plates on one side opposite to the photovoltaic plates are in fit connection with the photovoltaic plates).

It should be noted that if the top of the photovoltaic panel is opposite to sunlight, the bottom (i.e. the lower side) of the photovoltaic panel is in lamination connection with all the first cover plates or the second cover plates, and the specific implementation manner of lamination connection between the photovoltaic panel and the first cover plates or the second cover plates can be realized through bolt connection and the like. Alternatively, in other embodiments of the present invention, in order to install the micro-electrolysis cell on the photovoltaic panel more firmly, when the total area of all the first cover plates or the second cover plates is smaller than the area of the substrate, and the first cover plates or the second cover plates are flush with the upper surface (near to the side surface of the photovoltaic panel), besides the lamination connection of all the first cover plates or the second cover plates near to the side surface of the photovoltaic panel, the parts of the upper surface of the substrate except for the first cover plates or the second cover plates can also be laminated and connected with the back of the photovoltaic panel by adopting bolt connection or the like. A plurality of micro-electrolysis cells are directly attached to the photovoltaic panel, and the photovoltaic panel generates heat to provide a heat source for electrolysis, so that comprehensive utilization of heat is realized, and the total efficiency of the system is improved.

Wherein, as shown in fig. 8 and 12, the micro-channel structure includes an electrolyte inlet 1, a main channel 11, a hydrogen storage tank 4, and an oxygen storage tank 5; the main channel 11 is internally provided with a cathode 12, an anode 13 and a partition wall 14, and the height of the partition wall 14 is smaller than the depth of the main channel 11; a partition wall 14 is located between the cathode 12 and the anode 13, and the partition wall 14 divides the main channel 11 into a hydrogen channel 15 and an oxygen channel 16; one end of the hydrogen channel 15 and one end of the oxygen channel 16 are both communicated with the electrolyte inlet 1, and the other end of the hydrogen channel 15 and the other end of the oxygen channel 16 are respectively communicated with the hydrogen storage tank 4 and the oxygen storage tank 5; the hydrogen storage tank 4 is provided with a hydrogen outlet 7 at one end close to the photovoltaic panel 100, and a first liquid outlet 17 at one end far away from the photovoltaic panel 100; the oxygen storage tank is provided with an oxygen outlet 6 near one end of the photovoltaic panel 100, and a second liquid outlet 18 is provided at one end far away from the photovoltaic panel, that is, the hydrogen outlet is located above the first liquid outlet, and the oxygen outlet is located above the second liquid outlet. The micro-electrolysis tank formed by the micro-channel structure has no diaphragm, and the main channel is internally provided with the partition wall for dividing the main channel into the hydrogen channel and the oxygen channel, so that the buoyancy effect caused by the speed gradient on the inner flow section of the micro-channel (namely the main channel) can be utilized, the bubbles generated in the electrolysis process are controlled near the electrode under the proper operation condition, the diaphragm is not required to block the generated hydrogen and oxygen, the separation of oxyhydrogen products can be realized, the equipment cost is greatly reduced, the structure is simple, and the failure rate is low; meanwhile, as no diaphragm exists, the hydrogen production by various electrolytes can be practically realized.

As shown in fig. 9, the cathode 12 and the anode 13 are disposed on the corresponding side walls of the main channel 11, and are disposed opposite to each other. It should be noted that, the cathode and the anode may be mounted on the side wall of the main channel by bolting, welding, or the like. The cathode 12 adopts one of nickel net, nickel-iron net electrode and nickel-molybdenum alloy electrode, and the anode 13 adopts foam nickel-base nickel-iron alloy electrode or layered double hydroxide electrode, so that the electrolysis overpotential can be further reduced, and the electrolysis efficiency can be improved. Nickel mesh, nickel-iron based mesh electrodes, nickel-molybdenum alloy electrodes, foam nickel-based nickel-iron alloy electrodes, layered double hydroxide electrodes, and the like are all commercially available.

Wherein the cathode 12 and the anode 13 are connected to the cathode interface 2 and the anode interface 3, respectively. The mounting modes of the anode interface and the cathode interface are not limited, and one optional mounting mode is as follows: one end of each of the anode interface and the cathode interface penetrates through the substrate to be connected with the corresponding electrode, and the other end extends to the outer side of the substrate. More specifically, a first small hole and a second small hole are respectively formed on two sides of the main channel of the micro-channel structure of the micro-electrolytic cell on the back surface (i.e. the side where the micro-channel structure is not formed) of the substrate 8, and the first small hole and the second small hole penetrate to the mounting positions of the cathode 12 and the anode 13 respectively. The anode interface and the cathode interface are round connecting long bar-shaped metal (such as copper, aluminum and the like) sheets; one end of the strip-shaped thin sheet of the anode interface is directly inserted into the second small hole until the surface of the anode contacts with the surface of the anode, and the other end of the strip-shaped thin sheet of the anode interface and the round thin sheet are positioned at the outer side of the substrate; one end of the strip-shaped sheet of the cathode interface is directly inserted into the first small hole until the surface of the cathode contacts with the surface of the cathode, and the other end of the strip-shaped sheet and the round sheet of the cathode interface are positioned outside the substrate so as to realize electrified electrolysis. The external power supply clamps direct current on the circular thin sheets of the cathode interface and the anode interface through the clamp to supply power for the micro-electrolytic cell. Another alternative is: a first cable is arranged in the first small hole, one end of the first cable is connected with the cathode, and the other end extends out of the first small hole and extends to the outer side of the substrate to be connected with the cathode interface 2; a second cable is arranged in the second small hole, one end of the second cable is connected with the anode, and the other end extends out of the second small hole and extends to the outer side of the substrate to be connected with the anode interface 3; the anode interface and the cathode interface are in the shape of a uniformly circular metal sheet, such as a circular copper sheet and the like.

The electrolyte inlet 1, the hydrogen outlet 7, the oxygen outlet 6, the first liquid outlet 17 and the second liquid outlet 18 all penetrate through the substrate 8, and the first liquid outlet and the hydrogen outlet are communicated with the hydrogen storage tank, and the second liquid outlet and the oxygen outlet are communicated with the oxygen storage tank. Preferably, the hydrogen outlet and the oxygen outlet are both formed by a first channel and a second channel which are mutually communicated, wherein the first channel is communicated with the hydrogen storage tank or the oxygen storage tank where the first channel is located, the depth of the first channel is smaller than that of the hydrogen storage tank or the oxygen storage tank, the first channel is located between the hydrogen storage tank or the oxygen storage tank where the first channel is located and the second channel, and the second channel is a through hole penetrating through the substrate (as shown in fig. 15). The first channel is U-shaped in cross section in the width direction of the main channel. Alternatively, in some embodiments of the present invention, the electrolyte inlets 1 of all the micro-cells are in communication with the micro-cell electrolyte inlet conduit 200 (as shown in fig. 4), the hydrogen outlets 7 of all the micro-cells are in communication with the hydrogen outlet conduit 19 (as shown in fig. 4), and the hydrogen outlet conduit 19 is in communication with the hydrogen storage system 500 for collecting and storing hydrogen generated by electrolysis. Meanwhile, in order to facilitate the recycling of electrolyte within the whole diaphragm-free micro-electrolysis cell system, the first liquid outlet and the second liquid outlet of all micro-electrolysis cells can be communicated with the inlet of a power device (such as a circulating pump) in the micro-electrolysis cell conveying system through a unified electrolyte output pipeline, and the micro-electrolysis cell electrolyte inlet pipeline 200 is communicated with the outlet of the power device (such as the circulating pump) in the micro-electrolysis cell conveying system. If necessary, the oxygen generated by electrolysis can be collected through an oxygen output pipeline communicated with the oxygen outlets of all the micro-electrolytic cells and stored in an oxygen storage system.

It should be noted that, the distance between the partition wall and the cover plate (i.e., the corresponding first cover plate or second cover plate) is larger than the distance between the main channel and the cover plate (i.e., the corresponding first cover plate or second cover plate), i.e., the height of the partition wall 14 is smaller than the depth of the main channel 11 (as shown in fig. 14). Thus, the partition wall can play a role of circulating electrolyte and preventing bubbles from passing through: on the one hand the effect of interfacial tension and on the other hand the velocity gradient.

It should be noted that the shape of the main channel is not limited, and the normal installation of the cathode, the anode and the partition wall can be ensured, so that the electrolyte can circulate; the shape of the partition wall is not limited, and the circulation of electrolyte can be ensured. Optionally, in some embodiments of the present invention, the main channel and the partition wall are both cuboid, and the hydrogen channel, the hydrogen storage tank, the oxygen channel and the oxygen storage tank are symmetrically disposed with respect to the partition wall, and the partition wall may be integrally formed with the substrate, and may be fixed in the main channel by glue bonding, bolting, welding, and other manners. Alternatively, the material of the partition wall may be the same as the substrate or different from the substrate, so long as normal hydrogen production by electrolysis of water is ensured.

Wherein the length, width and depth ratio of the main channel 11 is (480-720): (9-15): (4-6); the length of the partition wall is equivalent to that of the main channel, the width of the partition wall 14 is 2/15-1/5 of that of the main channel 11, the height of the partition wall 14 is 2/5-3/5 of that of the main channel 11, and preferably, the height of the partition wall is half of that of the main channel; the length of the hydrogen storage tank 4 and the oxygen storage tank 5 is 1/5-3/10 of the length of the main channel 11, the width is 4-6 times of the width of the main channel 11, and the depth is 4.8-7.2 times of the depth of the main channel 11. Preferably, the length, width and depth ratio of the main channel 11 is 600:12:5, a step of; the length of the partition wall is equal to that of the main channel, the width of the partition wall 14 is 1/6 of that of the main channel 11, and the height of the partition wall 14 is half of the depth of the main channel 11; the length of the hydrogen storage tank 4 and the length of the oxygen storage tank 5 are 1/4 of the length of the main channel 11, the width is 5 times of the width of the main channel 11, and the depth is 6 times of the depth of the main channel 11. A more preferred case is: the length of the main channel is 6cm, the width is 1.2mm, and the depth is 0.5mm; the length of the partition wall is 6cm, the width is 0.2mm, and the height is 0.25mm; the length of the hydrogen storage tank and the oxygen storage tank are 15mm, the width is 6mm, and the depth is 3mm.

It will be appreciated that in some embodiments of the present invention, the positions of the hydrogen storage tank and the oxygen storage tank are not limited, so long as they are respectively communicated with the hydrogen channel and the oxygen channel, and separation of hydrogen and oxygen may be achieved, alternatively, when the structure shown in fig. 6 and fig. 8 is adopted, that is, the hydrogen storage tank and the oxygen storage tank are arranged in parallel, and are both located at one end of the main channel far away from the electrolyte inlet, the end of the main channel may be set to be closely attached to the hydrogen storage tank and the oxygen storage tank, so that the hydrogen channel is directly contacted and communicated with the hydrogen storage tank, and the oxygen channel is contacted and communicated with the oxygen storage tank, or, in order to avoid that the distance between the hydrogen storage tank and the oxygen storage tank is too close, as shown in fig. 10, the hydrogen channel and the oxygen channel are both formed by two pipe sections located in the main channel and pipe sections bent towards both sides of the main channel.

During electrolysis, how to prevent the oxyhydrogen products from being mixed is one of the keys. The main basis for enabling isolation of oxyhydrogen products by a micro-electrolyzer in a diaphragm-less micro-electrolyzer-photovoltaic hydrogen production system as shown in fig. 3 is three: 1. buoyancy effect (Segre' -Silberberg effect) due to velocity gradient in flow cross section of flow in microchannel (i.e. main channel) can limit product bubbles generated by electrode to vicinity of electrode, wall product mixing (Esposito, da Niel v. Membrane Electrolyzers for Low-Cost Hydrogen Production in a Renewable Energy Future [ J) ]Joule, 2017); 2. the separator wall structure in the main channel designed in the micro-electrolytic cell in the diaphragm-free micro-electrolytic cell-photovoltaic hydrogen production system shown in fig. 3 can generate higher Laplacian force and can play a role in preventing the product bubbles from passing through. Laplacian force P generated by partition wall _Lap (in Pa) can be calculated from the following formula:

P _Lap ＝γ/d

wherein, gamma and d are the interfacial tension (unit is N/m) of the gas-liquid two phases and the interval distance (unit is mu m) between the upper part of the isolation wall and the top of the main channel. Taking air and water as examples, the interfacial tension is 0.072N/m, and d is 300 μm, and calculated to provide a Laplace pressure of 240Pa, which is sufficient to block product bubbles and prevent intermixing of oxyhydrogen products.

In the micro-electrolytic tank in the diaphragm-free micro-electrolytic tank-photovoltaic hydrogen production system shown in fig. 3, a hydrogen-oxygen product storage tank (namely a hydrogen storage tank and an oxygen storage tank) is additionally arranged, so that the residence time is increased, and the separation of the electrolyte and the gas product is realized.

A single micro-cell in a diaphragmless micro-cell-photovoltaic hydrogen production system as shown in fig. 3 has the following advantages:

(1) No diaphragm design. By utilizing buoyancy effect (Segre' -Silberberg effect) caused by speed gradient on the flow section in the micro-channel, bubbles generated in the electrolysis process can be controlled near the electrode under proper operation conditions, and a channel isolation wall structure (the isolation wall is arranged in the main channel and divides the main channel into a hydrogen channel and an oxygen channel) with special design is added, so that the separation of hydrogen and oxygen generated by the separation of a diaphragm is not needed, the separation of oxyhydrogen products can be realized, the equipment cost is greatly reduced, the structure is simple, and the failure rate is low.

(2) The micro-channel (namely the main channel) is extremely narrow (the characteristic dimension of the general channel is smaller than 2 mm), so that the ohmic impedance is lower, and the electrolysis efficiency is high; meanwhile, as the micro-scale heat transfer is greatly enhanced, the heat generated in the process can be timely eliminated, and the safety of the electrolytic tank is also obviously improved.

(3) Because of the absence of the diaphragm, various electrolytes can be used for producing hydrogen by electrolyzing water, not only alkaline KOH, but also acidic solutions such as H can be used ₂ SO ₄ 。

(4) And the modularized unit is designed, and can be directly replaced after failure, so that maintenance is avoided.

(5) The device has small volume, can be conveniently integrated with new energy equipment such as photovoltaic equipment, wind power equipment and the like, and is convenient to use.

(6) And oxygen is generated simultaneously, so that the method is suitable for small-scale and distributed hydrogen production scenes, such as hydrogen energy unmanned aerial vehicles, submarines and the like.

The operation of a single micro-cell in a diaphragm-less micro-cell-photovoltaic hydrogen production system (i.e., utilizing the principle of water electrolysis by a single micro-cell in an embodiment of the invention) as shown in fig. 3 is:

electrolyte (electrolyte can adopt alkaline solution such as KOH, pure water, sulfuric acid and the like) enters a main channel 11 through an electrolyte inlet 1 to electrolyze water to prepare hydrogen, hydrogen and oxygen generated by electrolysis respectively flow to a hydrogen storage tank 4 and an oxygen storage tank 5 along with the electrolyte at two sides of a separation wall 14 through a hydrogen channel 15 and an oxygen channel 16, gas-liquid separation is realized in the hydrogen storage tank 4 and the oxygen storage tank 5, hydrogen and oxygen products are respectively discharged through a hydrogen outlet 7 and an oxygen outlet 6, the electrolyte in the hydrogen storage tank 4 is discharged from a first liquid outlet 17, and the electrolyte in the oxygen storage tank 5 is discharged from a second liquid outlet 18. Preferably, the electrolyte inlet is communicated with the outlet of the power device such as the circulating pump, and the first liquid outlet 17 and the second liquid outlet 18 are communicated with the inlet of the power device such as the pump, so that the electrolyte can be recycled in the micro-channel structure formed by the main channel 11, the hydrogen storage tank 4, the oxygen storage tank 5 and the like.

The operation process of the diaphragm-free micro-electrolysis cell-photovoltaic hydrogen production system (namely the method for producing hydrogen by electrolysis of the diaphragm-free micro-electrolysis cell-photovoltaic hydrogen production system) shown in fig. 3 is as follows:

in use, the anode and cathode interfaces of all the micro-cells are connected to the electrical energy output end generated by the photovoltaic panel, the electrolyte inlets of all the micro-cells are communicated with the outlet of the power device (such as a circulation pump) of the micro-cell transportation system 800, the first liquid outlet 17 and the second liquid outlet 18 of all the micro-cells are communicated with the inlet of the power device (such as a circulation pump) of the micro-cell transportation system 800, and the hydrogen outlet 7 of all the micro-cells is communicated with the hydrogen storage system 500. Under sunlight, the photovoltaic panel 100 will generate electrical energy, the magnitude of which is controlled by the current controller 600. The electric energy generated by the photovoltaic panel 100 is distributed according to the need by the current controller 600 and is divided into two parts, wherein one part enters the inverter 900 to convert direct current generated by the photovoltaic into alternating current, and finally the alternating current is transmitted to a power grid; another portion of the direct current will be delivered directly to the diaphragmless micro-electrolysis cell system 1000 for electrolytic hydrogen production. The diaphragm-free micro-electrolysis cell system 1000 generates hydrogen gas products under the action of current, and then enters the hydrogen storage system 500 for storage and utilization. The temperature sensor 700 on the photovoltaic panel 100 plays a critical role, and can sense the temperature on the photovoltaic panel 100, on one hand, the signal is transmitted to the current controller 600, and the current distribution of the current controller 600 is changed, for example, when the temperature of the photovoltaic panel 100 rises too fast, the temperature sensor 700 transmits the signal to the current controller 600, and the current controller 600 outputs an increased current to the diaphragm-free micro-electrolysis cell system 1000, so that the hydrogen production of the electrolysis cell is increased, and the heat dissipation is accelerated; on the other hand, the temperature sensor 700 transmits a signal to the micro-cell conveying system 800, thereby accelerating the circulation flow of the electrolyte in each micro-cell of the diaphragm-free micro-cell system 1000 and promoting the heat dissipation.

In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings are merely for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like, are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defining "a first" or "a second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "plurality" means at least two, for example, two, three, etc., unless specifically defined otherwise.

In the present invention, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed; may be mechanically connected, may be electrically connected or may be in communication with each other; either directly or indirectly, through intermediaries, or both, may be in communication with each other or in interaction with each other, unless expressly defined otherwise. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to the specific circumstances.

In the present invention, unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, a first feature "up" or "down" a second feature may be the first and second features in direct contact, or the first and second features in indirect contact via an intervening medium. Moreover, a first feature being "above," "over" and "on" a second feature may be a first feature being directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or simply indicating that the first feature is level higher than the second feature. The first feature being "under", "below" and "beneath" the second feature may be the first feature being directly under or obliquely below the second feature, or simply indicating that the first feature is less level than the second feature.

For purposes of this disclosure, the terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "a particular example," or "some examples," etc., mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, schematic representations of the above terms are not necessarily directed to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, the different embodiments or examples described in this specification and the features of the different embodiments or examples may be combined and combined by those skilled in the art without contradiction.

While embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it will be understood that the above embodiments are illustrative and not to be construed as limiting the invention, and that variations, modifications, alternatives and variations may be made to the above embodiments by one of ordinary skill in the art within the scope of the invention.

Claims

1. The control system of the photovoltaic hydrogen production system comprises a photovoltaic panel and an electrolytic tank system, and is characterized by comprising a PLC controller, a voltage detector, a current detector, a temperature sensor, an inverter, a flow controller and a current controller which are electrically connected with the PLC controller;

the current controller is used for controlling the current applied to the electrolytic cell system;

the current detector, the voltage detector and the temperature sensor are arranged on one side of the photovoltaic panel, and the surface of the other side of the photovoltaic panel is attached to the electrolytic tank system;

the electrolyzer system comprises a micro-electrolyzer array formed by combining a plurality of micro-electrolyzers arranged on the photovoltaic panel; wherein the combination of micro-cells comprises at least one micro-cell.

2. The control system of a photovoltaic hydrogen production system of claim 1, wherein the voltage detector is a voltage sensor and the current detector is a current sensor.

3. The control system of a photovoltaic hydrogen production system of claim 1, wherein the signal receiving device is a signal receiver.

4. The control system of a photovoltaic hydrogen production system of claim 1, wherein the combination of micro-cells comprises a substrate and a plurality of micro-cells, and the plurality of micro-cells are distributed on the substrate.

5. A control method of a control system of a photovoltaic hydrogen production system as described in any one of claims 1 to 4, comprising:

6. The method of claim 5, wherein outputting the second portion of the electrical power to the electrolyzer system for electrolytic hydrogen production comprises:

acquiring a second power value allocated to the electrolytic cell system;

7. The method of claim 5, wherein the method further comprises:

8. The method of claim 6, wherein outputting the second portion of the electrical power to the electrolyzer system for electrolytic hydrogen production, further comprising: