CN116062195A

CN116062195A - Quick-detachable positioning and aligning device and positioning and aligning method

Info

Publication number: CN116062195A
Application number: CN202310028780.XA
Authority: CN
Inventors: 李泽韬; 乔志宏; 刘鹏; 窦腾; 张聚乐
Original assignee: Technology and Engineering Center for Space Utilization of CAS
Current assignee: Technology and Engineering Center for Space Utilization of CAS
Priority date: 2023-01-09
Filing date: 2023-01-09
Publication date: 2023-05-05
Anticipated expiration: 2043-01-09
Also published as: CN116062195B

Abstract

The invention relates to a positioning and aligning device capable of being quickly disassembled and a positioning and aligning method, wherein the positioning and aligning device comprises a driving mechanism, an interface board, a bearing support, an experimental mechanism connecting shaft, a clamping ring and a limiting ring, wherein the interface board and the bearing support are oppositely arranged, one side surface of the interface board, which is opposite to the bearing support, is a first butt joint surface, one side surface of the bearing support, which is opposite to the interface board, is a second butt joint surface, and the limiting ring is elastically connected to the second butt joint surface; the main body structure of the driving mechanism is arranged on the interface board, the interface board is provided with a through hole, and the driving end of the driving mechanism freely penetrates through the through hole and is connected with a floating coupler; the experimental mechanism connecting shaft penetrates through the bearing support and is rotationally connected with the bearing support through a bearing, one end of the experimental mechanism connecting shaft penetrating out of the second butt joint surface is a connecting end, the connecting end is movably clamped with the floating coupler, and a clamping ring is sleeved on the outer side wall of the connecting end; the bearing support is detachably connected with the interface board, and the first butt joint surface is attached to the second butt joint surface.

Description

Quick-detachable positioning and aligning device and positioning and aligning method

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of space stations, in particular to a positioning and aligning device capable of being rapidly detached and a positioning and aligning method.

Background

The construction period verification stage of the Chinese space station is completed satisfactorily, and key technologies such as long-term residence, regeneration and maintenance, space material replenishment, cabin-leaving activities, cabin-outside operation, on-orbit maintenance and the like are all made a great breakthrough. Meanwhile, the manned aerospace engineering continuously creates new records of the on-orbit flight of astronauts, and the new mode is changed to a mode that a new passenger group goes up first and an old passenger group goes down again under the addition of a mature technology. The mode can ensure that the space station is always in a state of being on duty, and has important significance for continuous operation of the space station and development of long-term scientific experiments.

In theory, the on-orbit service life of the space station design is not less than 10 years, and the on-orbit working can be prolonged for a quite long time through on-orbit space maintenance and equipment load replacement. The increase of the service period of the space station means that the scientific research field is more hopeful to obtain technical achievements which are multi-aspect and multi-level and lead the world level.

The operation mode of the space station determines a new design concept, namely a modular design quick-release structure becomes a mainstream design, and whether a consumable product, a key part component or an experimental unit can be used as an on-orbit replaceable unit, so that the aim of reducing the coupling between devices is fulfilled, the overall reliability is improved, and therefore, the development of a modular structure capable of being conveniently and quickly dismounted is urgent.

In the prior related experiments (such as friction experiments) for space rotation driving, the requirements of transmission precision and transmission efficiency are met, and the motor and the transmission main shaft are mainly integrally bound and designed, and are fixed by using a coupler or a jackscrew. The inseparable motor and spindle design has many advantages such as greatly increased wear part life, improved work efficiency with auxiliary materials such as lubricants, and reduced contamination of transmission components by excess materials due to closed design. However, the corresponding binding design may introduce new unreliable factors into the whole system while prolonging the service life of the binding design, and the separable design needs to be considered as much as possible for key components under the condition of going up and down, so that the reliability of the system is improved, and the new concept of on-orbit response is responded.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides a quick detachable positioning and aligning device and a positioning and aligning method for solving one or more of the technical problems in the prior art.

The technical scheme for solving the technical problems is as follows: the utility model provides a but quick detachable location aligning device, includes actuating mechanism, interface board, force bearing support, experimental mechanism connecting axle, snap ring and spacing ring, the interface board with force bearing support is relative arrangement, the interface board is first butt joint face for force bearing support's a side, force bearing support is the second butt joint face for interface board's a side, spacing ring elastic connection is on the second butt joint face; the main body structure of the driving mechanism is arranged on the interface board, the interface board is provided with a through hole, and the driving end of the driving mechanism freely penetrates through the through hole and is connected with a floating coupler;

the experimental mechanism connecting shaft penetrates through the bearing support and is rotationally connected with the bearing support through a bearing, one end of the experimental mechanism connecting shaft penetrating out of the second butt joint surface is a connecting end, the connecting end is movably clamped with the floating coupler, and a clamping ring is sleeved on the outer side wall of the connecting end;

the bearing support is detachably connected with the interface board, and the first butt joint surface is attached to the second butt joint surface; when the limiting ring is not in contact with the interface board, the limiting ring is arranged on the periphery of the clamping ring and is in rotary limiting with the clamping ring; when the limiting ring is extruded by the interface plates around the through hole, the clamping ring is separated from the limiting ring and is arranged in the through hole.

The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: according to the positioning and aligning device, the driving mechanism can be arranged on the interface board, the experimental mechanism connecting shaft is arranged on the bearing support, the bearing support is detachably connected with the interface board, the driving mechanism and the experimental mechanism connecting shaft can be separated, an astronaut can replace an experimental module part assembly through extremely simple steps, and the replaced part assembly cannot be matched when being in butt joint with the driving mechanism again. And through setting up the floating shaft coupling, still have self-adaptation aligning function, the machining precision of each part of reduction very big. And through setting up snap ring and spacing ring cooperation, can also carry out the joint spacing to the experimental mechanism connecting axle that does not use to make, when with actuating mechanism dock after, can remove spacing, prevent to install and remove the rotation of in-process experimental module.

On the basis of the technical scheme, the invention can be improved as follows.

Further, a containing groove for containing a limiting ring is formed in the second butt joint surface of the bearing support, a plurality of guide screws are arranged in the containing groove, springs are sleeved on the guide screws, the limiting ring is slidably sleeved on the guide screws, one end of each spring is abutted to the bearing support, and the other end of each spring is abutted to the limiting ring; the limiting ring can be hidden in the accommodating groove under the stress and can be separated from the accommodating groove under the action of the spring.

The beneficial effects of adopting the further scheme are as follows: set up the guide screw in the storage tank, can make the spacing ring carry out elastic sliding along the guide screw, structural stability is better.

Further, a plurality of screw avoidance grooves are formed in the first butt joint surface of the interface plate, the screw avoidance grooves are arranged in one-to-one correspondence with the guide screws, and when the limiting ring is extruded by the interface plate around the through hole, the guide screws are accommodated in the corresponding screw avoidance grooves in one-to-one correspondence.

The beneficial effects of adopting the further scheme are as follows: the screw dodges the groove and can carry out spacing dodging to guide screw, is favorable to the effective laminating of first butt joint face and second butt joint face.

Further, the clamping ring is sleeved at the connecting end and is locked and fixed by a locking nut connected to the connecting end through threads; the limiting ring is of a square annular structure, the peripheral edge of the clamping ring is of a polygonal structure, and at least part of the peripheral edge of the clamping ring is matched with the inner annular edge of the square annular structure to limit.

Further, a plurality of driving mechanisms are arranged on the interface board, a plurality of experimental mechanism connecting shafts are arranged on the bearing support, and a plurality of floating couplings at the driving ends of the driving mechanisms are movably clamped with the experimental mechanism connecting shafts in a one-to-one correspondence manner.

The beneficial effects of adopting the further scheme are as follows: the method is suitable for batch disassembly and assembly, and can greatly improve the working efficiency of astronauts for on-orbit replacement of experimental samples.

Further, the floating coupler comprises a base and a floating head, the base is sleeved and fixed at the driving end of the driving mechanism, a first radial through groove is formed in the end face of one end of the base, which is away from the main body structure of the driving mechanism, a first limiting claw is arranged at one end of the floating head, and the first limiting claw is clamped in the first radial through groove in a sliding mode and can slide along the first radial through groove in a radial mode.

The beneficial effects of adopting the further scheme are as follows: the first limiting jaw can be circumferentially limited.

Further, the notch of the first radial through groove is provided with a limiting convex edge, and the first limiting claw is of an inverted T-shaped structure matched with the first radial through groove and the limiting convex edge.

The beneficial effects of adopting the further scheme are as follows: the first limiting claw is prevented from axially falling out of the first radial through groove.

Further, the floating head deviates from the terminal surface of one end of base is equipped with the radial logical groove of second, the radial logical groove of second with the radial logical groove of first is arranged perpendicularly, the link of experimental mechanism connecting axle is equipped with the spacing jack catch of second, the spacing jack catch axial of second stretches into in the radial logical groove of second and can follow the radial slip in the radial logical groove of second.

The beneficial effects of adopting the further scheme are as follows: the second limiting claw can be circumferentially limited, and the floating head can be utilized to drive the experimental mechanism connecting shaft where the second limiting claw is located to rotate.

Further, a cone guide pin is arranged on the first butt joint surface of the interface board, a cone guide hole is arranged on the second butt joint surface of the bearing support, and the cone guide hole and the cone guide pin are correspondingly arranged.

The beneficial effects of adopting the further scheme are as follows: the initial coarse positioning can be performed by utilizing the cooperation of the cone guide pin and the cone guide hole.

The positioning and aligning method is realized by adopting the positioning and aligning device and comprises the following steps of: the force bearing support and the interface board are roughly positioned, the connecting end of the connecting shaft of the experimental mechanism is movably clamped into the floating coupler, then the force bearing support is pressed, the limiting ring is hidden in the second butt joint surface under the extrusion of the first butt joint surface of the interface board, the clamping ring is separated from the limiting ring and is released from limiting, at the moment, the connecting shaft of the experimental mechanism can freely rotate, and at the moment, the force bearing support and the interface board are connected and fixed through the loose screw.

The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: according to the positioning and aligning method, due to the inconvenience brought by microgravity conditions, on-orbit operation is as simple and convenient as possible, and steps are few, so that positioning and aligning are carried out by taking the positioning and aligning device as a concept, the used positioning and aligning device comprises an internal interface and an external interface, the internal interface can carry out self-adaptive aligning through a structure and carry out angle limiting on an initial state in the installation process, a spaceman only needs to align a pin and a hole of the external interface by visual observation, the product can be directly fixed, and the internal angle limiting can be automatically unlocked after the positioning and aligning device is installed in place.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a three-dimensional explosion structure of a positioning and aligning device of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is an enlarged schematic view of the portion A in FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a cross-sectional A-A of the partial structure of FIG. 4;

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a cross-sectional B-B structure of a portion of the structure of FIG. 3;

FIG. 5 is an enlarged schematic view of the portion B in FIG. 4;

FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a cross-sectional A-A of the partial structure of FIG. 7;

FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a cross-sectional B-B configuration of a portion of the structure of FIG. 6;

FIG. 8 is an enlarged schematic view of the portion C in FIG. 7;

FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a split structure of the driving mechanism and the experimental mechanism connecting shaft in cooperation;

FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram II of a split structure of the driving mechanism and the experimental mechanism connecting shaft in cooperation;

FIG. 11 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the structure of A-A in FIG. 10.

In the drawings, the list of components represented by the various numbers is as follows:

1. a driving mechanism;

2. an interface board; 21. a through hole; 22. screw avoiding grooves; 23. taper guide pin; 24. a motor mounting seat;

3. a force-bearing bracket; 31. a bearing; 32. a receiving groove; 33. a guide screw; 34. a spring; 35. a cone guide hole;

4. the experimental mechanism connecting shaft; 41. the second limiting claw is arranged on the first limiting claw; 42. an experiment tray; 43. an experiment module;

5. a clasp; 6. a limiting ring;

7. a floating coupling; 71. a base; 72. a floating head; 73. the first limiting claw is provided with a first limiting claw; 74. a first radial through slot; 75. a second radial through groove;

8. a lock nut; 9. the screw is not loosened.

Detailed Description

The principles and features of the present invention are described below with reference to the drawings, the examples are illustrated for the purpose of illustrating the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention.

As shown in fig. 1 to 11, the quick detachable positioning and aligning device of the present embodiment includes a driving mechanism 1, an interface board 2, a bearing support 3, an experimental mechanism connecting shaft 4, a snap ring 5 and a limiting ring 6, wherein the interface board 2 and the bearing support 3 are arranged opposite to each other, one side surface of the interface board 2 opposite to the bearing support 3 is a first abutting surface, one side surface of the bearing support 3 opposite to the interface board 2 is a second abutting surface, and the limiting ring 6 is elastically connected to the second abutting surface; the main body structure of the driving mechanism 1 is arranged on the interface board 2, the interface board 2 is provided with a through hole 21, and the driving end of the driving mechanism 1 freely penetrates through the through hole 21 and is connected with a floating coupler 7;

the experimental mechanism connecting shaft 4 penetrates through the bearing support 3 and is rotationally connected with the bearing support 3 through a bearing 31, one end of the experimental mechanism connecting shaft 4 penetrating out of the second butt joint surface is a connecting end, the connecting end is movably clamped with the floating coupler 7, and a clamping ring 5 is sleeved on the outer side wall of the connecting end;

the bearing support 3 is detachably connected with the interface board 2, and the first butt joint surface and the second butt joint surface are attached; wherein, when the limiting ring 6 is not contacted with the interface board 2, the limiting ring 6 is arranged on the circumference side of the clamping ring 5 in a surrounding way and is in rotary limiting with the clamping ring 5, as shown in fig. 4 and 5, the limiting ring 6 is in a free state and is flush with the clamping ring 5, so as to limit the clamping ring 5; when the limiting ring 6 is pressed by the interface plate 2 around the through hole 21, the clamping ring 5 is separated from the limiting ring 6 and placed in the through hole 21, as shown in fig. 7 and 8, at this time, the height difference between the limiting ring 6 and the clamping ring 5 is not used for limiting the clamping ring 5. The limiting ring 6 can limit the rotation direction of the clamping ring 5.

As shown in fig. 5 and 8, the second abutting surface of the bearing support 3 in this embodiment is provided with a receiving groove 32 for receiving the limiting ring 6, a plurality of guide screws 33 are disposed in the receiving groove 32, springs 34 are sleeved on the guide screws 33, the limiting ring 6 is slidably sleeved on the plurality of guide screws 33, one end of the springs 34 is abutted against the bearing support 3, and the other end is abutted against the limiting ring 6; the limiting ring 6 can be hidden in the accommodating groove 32 under force and can be separated from the accommodating groove 32 under the action of the spring 34. Set up the guide screw in the storage tank, can make the spacing ring carry out elastic sliding along the guide screw, structural stability is better.

As shown in fig. 1, 2 and 8, the first abutting surface of the interface board 2 in this embodiment is provided with a plurality of screw avoidance grooves 22, the plurality of screw avoidance grooves 22 are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence with a plurality of guide screws 33, and when the limiting ring 6 is pressed by the interface board 2 around the through hole 21, the guide screws 33 are accommodated in the corresponding screw avoidance grooves 22 in a one-to-one correspondence. The screw dodges the groove and can carry out spacing dodging to guide screw, is favorable to the effective laminating of first butt joint face and second butt joint face.

As shown in fig. 5 and 8, the snap ring 5 of the present embodiment is sleeved on the connection end and locked and fixed by a lock nut 8 screwed on the connection end; the limiting ring 6 is of a square annular structure, the peripheral edge of the clamping ring 5 is of a polygonal structure, and at least part of the peripheral edge of the clamping ring 5 is matched with the inner annular edge of the square annular structure for limiting.

As shown in fig. 1, the interface board 2 of this embodiment is provided with a plurality of driving mechanisms 1, the force-bearing bracket 3 is provided with a plurality of experimental mechanism connecting shafts 4, and a plurality of floating couplings 7 at the driving ends of the driving mechanisms 1 are movably clamped with the experimental mechanism connecting shafts 4 in a one-to-one correspondence manner. The method is suitable for batch disassembly and assembly, and can greatly improve the working efficiency of astronauts for on-orbit replacement of experimental samples.

As shown in fig. 1, 2, 9 and 10, the floating coupling 7 of this embodiment includes a base 71 and a floating head 72, the base 71 is sleeved and fixed on the driving end of the driving mechanism 1, a first radial through slot 74 is disposed on an end surface of one end of the base 71, which is away from the main body structure of the driving mechanism 1, and a first limit claw 73 is disposed at one end of the floating head 72, and the first limit claw 73 is slidably clamped in the first radial through slot 74 and can radially slide along the first radial through slot 74. The first limiting jaw can be circumferentially limited.

As shown in fig. 1, 2 and 11, a limit convex edge is disposed at a notch of the first radial through groove 74 in this embodiment, and the first limit claw 73 is an inverted T-shaped structure adapted to the first radial through groove 74 and the limit convex edge. The first limiting claw is prevented from axially falling out of the first radial through groove.

As shown in fig. 1 and 2, a second radial through groove 75 is provided on an end surface of the floating head 72 facing away from the base 71 in this embodiment, the second radial through groove 75 is vertically arranged with the first radial through groove 74, a second limiting claw 41 is provided at a connection end of the experiment mechanism connection shaft 4, and the second limiting claw 41 axially extends into the second radial through groove 75 and can slide radially along the second radial through groove 75. The second limiting claw can be circumferentially limited, and the floating head can be utilized to drive the experimental mechanism connecting shaft where the second limiting claw is located to rotate.

Wherein the second limit jaw 41 is two radially arranged protrusions on the floating head.

As shown in fig. 1 and 2, a first abutting surface of the interface board 2 in this embodiment is provided with a taper guide pin 23, a second abutting surface of the bearing bracket 3 is provided with a taper guide hole 35, and the taper guide hole 35 is arranged corresponding to the taper guide pin 23. The initial coarse positioning can be performed by utilizing the cooperation of the cone guide pin and the cone guide hole.

The driving mechanism of the embodiment is a motor and can drive the experimental mechanism connecting shaft to rotate. The interface board 2 may be provided with a plurality of motor mounting seats 24, and the main structure of the motor may be mounted on the motor mounting seats 24.

In the positioning and aligning device of this embodiment, when in use, the experiment module 43 can be mounted on the force-bearing bracket 3 for testing, for example, when in friction test, the experiment module 43 with a friction sample can be mounted on the force-bearing bracket 3 and contacted with the experiment tray 42 on the connecting shaft of the experiment mechanism. When the device is installed, first-stage position positioning is performed, the experimental module 43 is designed to be in a semi-open state, and an astronaut manually aligns a cone guide hole on the experimental module 43 with a cone guide pin arranged on the installation plate through visual observation. When the second butt joint surface of the bearing support is completely attached to the first butt joint surface of the interface board, the successful butt joint of the interface is indicated, and the bearing support and the interface board are fixed by using the loose screw.

Two-stage angle limiting is also performed in the assembly process: the clamping ring is limited through the height difference of the limiting ring in the free and compressed state, and then the initial butt joint angle of the experimental disc is controlled. The bearing support is a supporting unit, the experimental disc is firstly installed from a hole position above the bearing support, then a bearing, a clamping ring and a locking nut are sequentially installed below the bearing support, and the experimental disc and the clamping ring rotate together in a component mode and limit axial movement after the assembly is completed. Then the spring is arranged between the limiting ring and the bearing support and is fixed by the guide screw, and the aim of limiting the angle is fulfilled. When the bearing support is not in contact with the interface board, the limiting ring can be propped to the bottommost part under the action of the spring and limit with the clamping ring, and the rotation of the experiment tray can be limited in the state. When the bearing support is tightly attached to the interface plate, the limiting ring can be compressed into the accommodating groove in the bearing support, the clamping ring is not constrained in the screw avoidance hole of the interface plate, and the rotational freedom degree is unlocked.

Three-stage self-adaptive aligning: the self-adaptive aligning is carried out through the floating but non-falling characteristic of the floating coupler, so that the requirement on the assembly precision can be reduced, and the influence caused by eccentricity can be reduced. The experimental module is an on-orbit replacement unit, and in order to ensure that the coupling floating head cannot float out to become excessive in the assembly process, the experimental module must be designed to be in a non-falling structure. When the design is carried out, the base is connected with the floating head through the T-shaped groove, the degree of freedom is limited to slide along the radial direction only, then the motor shaft is inserted into the small assembly with the shaft avoiding hole in the middle, and the small assembly is fixed on the base through the jackscrew. In the assembly process, the effect that the motor shaft protrudes out of the height of the floating head and the gap between the shaft holes can be achieved, and the motor shaft can slide in a small range but cannot deviate from the shaft holes is achieved. The floating head is connected with the experimental disc in a straight groove and forms an included angle of 90 degrees, thus forming a separable and adjustable cross coupling.

The positioning and aligning device of the embodiment can firstly rely on the position positioning (primary positioning) of the cone guide pin, and then utilizes the angle limiting (secondary positioning) of the limiting ring and the self-adaptive aligning (tertiary positioning) of the coupling floating head to jointly act, thereby meeting the requirement of on-orbit replacement. In structural design, the safety and reliability of the internal butt joint part are ensured through angle limiting and self-adaptive aligning of the coupler, and spacecrafts only need to butt joint the external part through pin and hole matching, so that the steps of parts needing manual operation are reduced as much as possible and the difficulty is reduced to the minimum. The self-adaptive aligning is realized by radial displacement of the floating head of the coupler, and the axial butt joint is converted into radial butt joint, so that three-level positioning is realized.

The positioning and aligning device of the embodiment can install the driving mechanism on the interface board, install the experimental mechanism connecting shaft on the bearing support, the bearing support is detachably connected with the interface board, the driving mechanism and the experimental mechanism connecting shaft can be separated, an astronaut can replace an experimental module part component through extremely simple steps, and the replaced part component cannot be matched with the driving mechanism when being in butt joint again. And through setting up the floating shaft coupling, still have self-adaptation aligning function, the machining precision of each part of reduction very big. And through setting up snap ring and spacing ring cooperation, can also carry out the joint spacing to the experimental mechanism connecting axle that does not use to make, when with actuating mechanism dock after, can remove spacing, prevent to install and remove the rotation of in-process experimental module.

The embodiment also provides a positioning and aligning method, which is realized by adopting the positioning and aligning device and comprises the following steps: the force-bearing bracket 3 and the interface board 2 are roughly positioned, the connecting end of the experimental mechanism connecting shaft 4 is movably clamped into the floating coupler 7, then the force-bearing bracket 3 is pressed, the limiting ring 6 is hidden in the second butt joint surface under the extrusion of the first butt joint surface of the interface board 2, the clamping ring 5 is separated from the limiting ring 6 and is released from limiting, at the moment, the experimental mechanism connecting shaft 4 can freely rotate, and at the moment, the force-bearing bracket 3 and the interface board 2 are connected and fixed through the loosening-preventing screw 9.

According to the positioning and aligning method, due to the inconvenience brought by microgravity conditions, on-orbit operation is simple, convenient and few in steps, positioning and aligning are carried out by taking the positioning and aligning method as a concept, the used positioning and aligning device comprises an internal interface and an external interface, the internal interface can carry out self-adaptive aligning through a structure and carry out angle limiting on an initial state in the installation process, a spaceman only needs to directly fix a product after aligning a pin and a hole of the external interface by eyes, and the internal angle limiting can be automatically unlocked after the positioning and aligning device is installed in place. The positioning and aligning method of the embodiment releases the coupling between the motor and the transmission shaft; the influence caused by the non-concentricity of the shaft and the hole is reduced; the precise fit between the motor and the connecting shaft of the experimental mechanism is converted into general fit; multiple stages of positioning are employed to reduce the number of operating steps.

In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings are merely for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like, are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defining "a first" or "a second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "plurality" means at least two, for example, two, three, etc., unless specifically defined otherwise.

In the present invention, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed; can be mechanically or electrically connected; either directly or indirectly, through intermediaries, or both, may be in communication with each other or in interaction with each other, unless expressly defined otherwise. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to the specific circumstances.

In the present invention, unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, a first feature "up" or "down" a second feature may be the first and second features in direct contact, or the first and second features in indirect contact via an intervening medium. Moreover, a first feature being "above," "over" and "on" a second feature may be a first feature being directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or simply indicating that the first feature is level higher than the second feature. The first feature being "under", "below" and "beneath" the second feature may be the first feature being directly under or obliquely below the second feature, or simply indicating that the first feature is less level than the second feature.

In the description of the present specification, a description referring to terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "examples," "specific examples," or "some examples," etc., means that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, schematic representations of the above terms are not necessarily directed to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, the different embodiments or examples described in this specification and the features of the different embodiments or examples may be combined and combined by those skilled in the art without contradiction.

While embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it will be understood that the above embodiments are illustrative and not to be construed as limiting the invention, and that variations, modifications, alternatives and variations may be made to the above embodiments by one of ordinary skill in the art within the scope of the invention.

Claims

1. The quick detachable positioning and aligning device is characterized by comprising a driving mechanism, an interface board, a bearing support, an experimental mechanism connecting shaft, a clamping ring and a limiting ring, wherein the interface board and the bearing support are oppositely arranged, one side surface of the interface board, which is opposite to the bearing support, is a first butt joint surface, one side surface of the bearing support, which is opposite to the interface board, is a second butt joint surface, and the limiting ring is elastically connected to the second butt joint surface; the main body structure of the driving mechanism is arranged on the interface board, the interface board is provided with a through hole, and the driving end of the driving mechanism freely penetrates through the through hole and is connected with a floating coupler;

2. The quick detachable positioning and aligning device according to claim 1, wherein a containing groove for containing a limiting ring is formed in the second butt joint surface of the bearing support, a plurality of guide screws are arranged in the containing groove, springs are sleeved on the guide screws, the limiting ring is sleeved on the guide screws in a sliding manner, one end of each spring is abutted to the bearing support, and the other end of each spring is abutted to the limiting ring; the limiting ring can be hidden in the accommodating groove under the stress and can be separated from the accommodating groove under the action of the spring.

3. The quick detachable positioning and aligning device according to claim 2, wherein a plurality of screw avoiding grooves are formed in the first butt joint surface of the interface plate, the screw avoiding grooves are arranged in one-to-one correspondence with a plurality of guide screws, and when the limiting ring is extruded by the interface plate around the through hole, the guide screws are accommodated in the corresponding screw avoiding grooves in one-to-one correspondence.

4. The quick detachable positioning and aligning device according to claim 1, wherein the clamping ring is sleeved at the connecting end and is locked and fixed by a locking nut connected at the connecting end through threads; the limiting ring is of a square annular structure, the peripheral edge of the clamping ring is of a polygonal structure, and at least part of the peripheral edge of the clamping ring is matched with the inner annular edge of the square annular structure to limit.

5. The quick detachable positioning and aligning device according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of driving mechanisms are arranged on the interface board, a plurality of experimental mechanism connecting shafts are arranged on the bearing support, and floating couplings at driving ends of the driving mechanisms are movably clamped with the experimental mechanism connecting shafts in a one-to-one correspondence manner.

6. The quick detachable positioning and aligning device according to claim 1, wherein the floating coupler comprises a base and a floating head, the base is sleeved and fixed on the driving end of the driving mechanism, a first radial through groove is formed in the end face, facing away from the main structure of the driving mechanism, of the base, a first limiting claw is arranged at one end of the floating head, and the first limiting claw is slidably clamped into the first radial through groove and can radially slide along the first radial through groove.

7. The quick detachable positioning and aligning device according to claim 6, wherein a limit convex edge is arranged at a notch of the first radial through groove, and the first limit claw is an inverted T-shaped structure matched with the first radial through groove and the limit convex edge.

8. The quick detachable positioning and aligning device according to claim 6, wherein a second radial through groove is formed in an end face of one end, away from the base, of the floating head, the second radial through groove is perpendicular to the first radial through groove, a second limiting claw is arranged at the connecting end of the connecting shaft of the experimental mechanism, and the second limiting claw axially extends into the second radial through groove and can slide along the second radial through groove.

9. The quick detachable positioning and aligning device according to claim 1, wherein a taper guide pin is arranged on a first butt joint surface of the interface board, a taper guide hole is arranged on a second butt joint surface of the bearing support, and the taper guide hole is arranged corresponding to the taper guide pin.

10. A positioning and aligning method, characterized in that the positioning and aligning device according to any one of claims 1 to 9 is used, comprising the following steps: the force bearing support and the interface board are roughly positioned, the connecting end of the connecting shaft of the experimental mechanism is movably clamped into the floating coupler, then the force bearing support is pressed, the limiting ring is hidden in the second butt joint surface under the extrusion of the first butt joint surface of the interface board, the clamping ring is separated from the limiting ring and is released from limiting, at the moment, the connecting shaft of the experimental mechanism can freely rotate, and at the moment, the force bearing support and the interface board are connected and fixed through the loose screw.