CN116059261A - 蝉花菌丝体活性物质用于制备预防或治疗黄斑部病变的组合物的用途 - Google Patents
蝉花菌丝体活性物质用于制备预防或治疗黄斑部病变的组合物的用途 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种蝉花菌丝体活性物质用于制备预防或治疗黄斑部病变的组合物的用途。蝉花菌丝体活性物质可用于制备预防或治疗黄斑部病变的组合物。所述蝉花菌丝体活性物质由以下步骤制备而成:(a)取蝉花菌丝体于平板培养基上,于15‑35℃的温度下培养2‑10天;(b)将步骤(a)培养后的蝉花菌丝体接种至烧瓶内,于15‑35℃、pH 2‑8的环境下培养3‑7天;(c)将步骤(b)培养后的蝉花菌丝体接种于发酵槽内,于15‑35℃、pH 2‑8的环境下搅拌培养3‑5天,形成含有蝉花菌丝体活性物质的蝉花菌丝体发酵液。
Description
技术领域
本发明关于一种蝉花菌丝体活性物质的用途,特别是指以蝉花菌丝体制备用以预防或治疗黄斑部病变的组合物。
背景技术
老年性黄斑部病变(Age-related macular degeneration,AMD)是负责视力和色觉的视网膜黄斑部渐进退化性的疾病,主要是由中央视网膜感光接受器死亡所引起。位于感光层和脉络膜之间的视网膜色素上皮(retinal pigment epithelium,RPE)细胞也与早期AMD的发病机制有关。如其名称“老年性”所述,AMD的患病率随着年龄的增长而逐渐增加,成为老年人失明的主要原因。
AMD的发病机制与许多因素有关,如代谢紊乱,免疫,炎症,活性氧物质(reactiveoxygen species;ROS)等。近年的研究显示ROS所造成的氧化压力是AMD的主要致病因子。在过去的几十年中,用来治疗AMD的方法包括:(1)光凝固雷射(laserphotocoagulation)、(2)经瞳热疗雷射(transpupillary thermotherapy TTT)、(3)光动力疗法(photodynamictherapy PDT)、(4)抗血管生成疗法(antiangiogenic therapy)、(5)营养补充疗法、(6)基因治疗、(7)抗氧化剂与(8)合并上述疗法等,但手术疗法具副作用,且术后失明率仍在增加。因此,开发具有较低毒性的新型治疗剂对于AMD的预防或治疗相当重要。
蝉花(Cordyceps cicadae)为一种虫生真菌,又名土蝉花、虫花、蝉草、胡蝉、蝉菌、蝉蛹草、金蝉花、蝉茸或蚕茸等。蝉花为子囊菌亚门(Ascomycotina)、麦角菌目(Claricipiyales)、麦角菌科(Clavicipitaceae)、虫草属(Cordyceps)真菌,感染蝉蛹或蝉科山蝉(Cicada flammate)、蟪蛄(Platypleura kaempferi)、黑蚱(Crytotympanapustulata)及竹蝉(Platylomia pieli)等幼虫使其死亡后,于蝉蛹前端或虫体头部形成花蕾状子座而形成,故名蝉花。天然野生蝉花多产于长江以南热带和亚热带地区,在中国台湾地区部分山区亦有野生蝉花子实体踪迹。
蝉花为名贵传统中药材,入药已有一千多年历史。现代药理学实验表明,蝉花及其人工培养物具有明显的调节免疫、神经系统调节、抗疲劳、镇静、镇痛解热、改善肾功能、降血糖、降低血压、减慢心率、抑制动脉粥样硬化形成、抗肿瘤、抗辐射和滋补强身等功效。然而,目前并无研究指出蝉花对黄斑部病变具有疗效。
发明内容
本发明提供一种蝉花(Cordyceps cicadae)菌丝体活性物质的用途,其是用于制备预防或治疗黄斑部病变的组合物。该蝉花菌丝体活性物质的制备方法包括下列步骤:
(a)取一蝉花菌丝体于平板培养基上,于15-35℃的温度下培养2-10天;
(b)将步骤(a)培养后的蝉花菌丝体接种至一烧瓶内,于15-35℃、pH 2-8的环境培养3-7天;
(c)将步骤(b)培养后的蝉花菌丝体接种于一发酵槽内,于15-35℃、pH 2-8的环境下搅拌培养3-5天,形成含有该蝉花菌丝体活性物质的蝉花菌丝体发酵液。
一实施例中,制备该蝉花菌丝体活性物质的步骤还包括步骤(d):将该蝉花菌丝体发酵液冷冻干燥后磨粉,形成含有该蝉花菌丝体活性物质的蝉花菌丝体冻干粉。
一实施例中,制备该蝉花菌丝体活性物质的步骤还包括步骤(e):将该蝉花菌丝体冻干粉以一溶剂萃取,形成含有该蝉花菌丝体活性物质的蝉花菌丝体萃取液。
一实施例中,制备该蝉花菌丝体活性物质的步骤还包括步骤(f):将该蝉花菌丝体萃取液干燥,以获得该蝉花菌丝体活性物质。
一实施例中,在步骤(e)中的溶剂为水。
一实施例中,步骤(b)的烧瓶培养为震荡培养,且转速为10-250rpm。
一实施例中,步骤(c)中该发酵槽进一步通入一气体,该气体包括空气、氧气、二氧化碳、氦气或其组合,该发酵槽的槽压为0.5-1.0kg/cm2,且通气速率为0.01-1.5VVM。
一实施例中,该组合物为医药组合物,且该医药组合物进一步包含药学上可接受的载剂、赋形剂、稀释剂或辅剂。
一实施例中,该组合物为食品添加剂。
一实施例中,该组合物的施用方式为口服、滴剂及栓剂。
为使本发明的上述及其他方面更为清楚,下文特举实施例,并配合所附图式进行说明。
附图说明
图1中的A为各组小鼠的眼底摄影图,图1中的B则为对应图1中的A所示水平方向位置的光学断层扫描(Optical Coherence Tomography)图;
图2为图1中的B所示的视网膜厚度测量结果;
图3中的A为各组小鼠眼睛的苏木精&伊红染色(H&E stain)照片,图3中的B为图3中的A的虚线框放大图;
图4A为图3中的A所示的内核层INL厚度测量结果,图4B为图3中的A所示的外核层ONL厚度测量结果。
具体实施方式
蝉花菌丝体来源
本实施例使用的蝉花(Cordyceps cicadae)菌丝体是由采集而得的中国台湾地区野生蝉花子实体,而非果实。子实体经分离而得其菌丝,并继代于平板培养基上。此菌种经中国台湾地区‘食品工业发展研究所’做鉴定证实基因序列为蝉花(Cordyceps cicadae),并已寄存于财团法人食品工业发展研究所的生物资源研究中心(BCRC),寄存编号为MU30106。此菌株亦寄存于中国普通微生物保藏管理中心,保藏标号为CGMCC No.10486。但本发明所述的蝉花菌丝体活性物质不限于由此菌种所得,亦可使用其他种类的蝉花菌株。
菌丝体液体培养
将蝉花菌丝体接种于平板培养基上,于适当温度15-35℃(较佳为25℃)下培养2-10天,刮取菌丝接种于烧瓶内。在15-35℃(较佳为25℃),pH 2-8(较佳为pH 4-7,更佳为pH5.5),震荡速率10-250rpm的条件下培养3-7天,然后将烧瓶培养物接种于发酵槽培养基(同烧瓶培养基)内,在15-35℃(较佳为25℃),槽压0.5-2.0kg/cm2,pH 2-8,10-150rpm搅拌速度或不搅拌(air lift)情况,以0.01-1.5VVM通气速率通入空气、氧气、二氧化碳、氮气或上述气体的混合物(较佳者为空气),培养时间为2-10天内,即得蝉花菌丝体发酵液。此发酵液包括菌丝体与澄清液。前述培养条件仅为例示,使用者可视情况调整。
本发明使用的烧瓶培养基、发酵槽培养基配方可如下:
成分 | 含量(重量%) |
综合性碳氮源 | 0.01-5 |
动植物来源蛋白及其水解物 | 0.01-2 |
酵母或麦芽抽出物(粉、膏) | 0.001-2 |
无机盐类 | 0.0001-0.05 |
糖类 | 0.01-10 |
其中该综合性碳氮源可为谷类(如:麦粉类)或豆类(如:黄豆粉、绿豆粉、大豆粉等)。该无机盐类可为硫酸镁、磷酸氢二钾、磷酸二氢钾、硫酸铁等。该糖类可为葡萄糖、果糖、麦芽糖、蔗糖等。特别说明的是,本发明使用的培养基并不限于上述成份或比例,使用者可视实际情况进行调整。
发酵液干燥
此蝉花菌丝体发酵液可进一步通过干燥步骤制备为冻干粉等其他剂型。干燥方法包括但不限于:喷雾干燥、热风干燥、滚筒干燥、冷冻干燥或其他方式。
冻干粉萃取-水萃取
取蝉花菌丝体冻干粉加入20倍体积的蒸馏水溶解,以温度100℃加热30分钟,待冷却后经冷冻干燥法进行干燥,得蝉花菌丝体水萃物。
上述蝉花菌丝体发酵液、蝉花菌丝体冻干粉、蝉花菌丝体水萃物皆含有本发明的蝉花菌丝体活性物质。以下根据上述方法制备蝉花菌丝体活性物质,并进行生物实验评估其功效。
实施例一:蝉花菌丝体活性物质制备
菌株:寄存于财团法人食品工业发展研究所的生物资源研究中心(BCRC),寄存编号为MU30106的蝉花菌丝体。此菌株可由寄存单位BCRC官方网站上(https://catalog.bcrc.firdi.org.tw/BcrcContent?bid=MU30106)购买取得,为所属技术领域中具有通常知识者易于获得。
平板培养:将菌丝体接种于平板培养基上,培养基为马铃薯糊精培养基(PotatoDextrose Agar,PDA),于25℃下培养5天。
烧瓶培养:刮取平板上的菌丝接种于烧瓶内,用下列培养基配方,在25℃,pH 5.5下,于震荡机上以转速120rpm震荡培养三天;
培养基配方:
发酵槽培养:培养基同上,将烧瓶培养物接种于发酵槽培养基内,在25℃,槽压1.0kg/cm2,pH 5.5下,10rpm搅拌速度,以1.0VVM通气速率通入空气,培养5天,得蝉花菌丝体发酵液。该蝉花菌丝体发酵液经冷冻干燥可得蝉花菌丝体冻干粉。
萃取物制备:取蝉花菌丝体冻干粉加入20倍体积的蒸馏水溶解,以温度100℃加热30分钟,待冷却后经冷冻干燥法进行干燥,得蝉花菌丝体水萃物。
结果:20公吨发酵槽培养完毕的蝉花菌丝体发酵液经冷冻干燥后,可得约320公斤冻干粉,再经萃取步骤可得约20-30公斤水萃物。以下生物实验是以蝉花菌丝体水萃物进行。
实施例二黄斑部病变动物模型及相关指标的分析
黄斑部病变小鼠动物模型的建立
碘酸钠(Sodium iodate,NaIO3)为一种稳定的氧化剂,已被证明是一种诱导视网膜变性的有效物质。碘酸钠引起的视网膜变性与视网膜色素上皮细胞(RPE)的区域性丧失相关,同时也会出现区域性萎缩的一些形态学特征。已有许多研究利用不同的哺乳动物的物种证实了NaIO3对生物视网膜具有毒性,包括绵羊、兔子、大鼠和小鼠。上述的研究指出在视网膜中,NaIO3主要标靶为RPE细胞,可诱导其死亡,如坏死(necrosis)、细胞凋亡(apoptosis)或细胞自噬(autophagy),其次是脉络膜毛细血管萎缩(choriocapillarisatrophy)和全视网膜变性(panretinal degeneration)。
近年来,研究学者以低剂量NaIO3(15-35mg/kg)来诱导小鼠产生老年性黄斑部病变(Age-related macular degeneration,AMD)模型,发现其与视功能下降以及局部性RPE流失和外部视网膜损伤有关,与干性AMD的共同发病机制极为相似,因此近年来大多以此模型来探讨RPE再生及AMD的预防。
本实施例使用40mg/kg剂量NaIO3诱发小鼠产生AMD,以此动物模型评估蝉花菌丝体活性物质对于黄斑部病变的预防及治疗效果。
实验动物:品系Balb/c雄性小鼠购自中国台湾地区实验动物中心,年龄约6-8周,体重约26.21±1.76g。小鼠饲养于中山医学大学实验动物中心,提供正常洁净饲料及饮水,饲养环境为12小时照光及12小时黑暗的循环光照,温度控制在20±2℃,湿度控制在50±5%。
喂食剂量与实验步骤
本试验共进行21天,试验进行前将小鼠分为4组,每组6只:
(1)空白对照组(Mock):以静脉注射(i.v.)磷酸盐缓冲生理盐水(PBS)100μL后,并以每日口服方式给予PBS 200μL。
(2)负对照组:以静脉注射(i.v.)给予碘酸钠NaIO3 40mg/kg,诱发AMD,并以每日口服方式给予PBS 200μL。
(3)蝉花水萃物组(实验组):先以每日口服方式给予实施例一制得的蝉花水萃物100mg/kg 14天后,再以静脉注射给予碘酸钠NaIO3 40mg/kg诱发AMD,之后再每日喂食蝉花水萃物100mg/kg 7天。
(4)正对照组:洋葱萃取物已知可用于改善黄斑部病变,因此作为正对照组,先以每日口服方式给予洋葱萃取物1500mg/kg 14天后,再以静脉注射给予碘酸钠(NaIO3)40mg/kg诱发AMD,之后再每日喂食洋葱萃取物1500mg/kg 7天。
各组小鼠在实验21天后牺牲进行视网膜损伤程度检测及相关指标分析。
视网膜损伤程度检测及相关指标分析
1.眼底影像侦测
使用Phoenix-Micro IV眼底影像侦测系统,可检测光学眼底镜、荧光眼底造影以及视网膜断层扫描仪,并以此依据评估小鼠视网膜组织完整性与平滑度改变。图1中的A为各组小鼠注射碘酸钠诱发黄斑部病变第7天后(实验天数第21天)的眼底摄影图,图1中的B则为对应图1中的A中眼底照片水平方向位置的光学断层扫描(Optical CoherenceTomography)图。
对图1中的B所示的小鼠以视神经为中心,鼻侧与颞侧300μm-600μm的范围(水平方向线段长度为300μm)进行6次厚度(垂直线段范围)测量后,计算其平均值,可得小鼠的视网膜厚度,其结果列为图2。
从图1中的A所示的眼底摄影图来看,与空白对照组(Mock)相比,单独给予碘酸钠的小鼠组别(NaIO3)在接受碘酸钠注射7天后的视网膜排列较不规则,且组织间的排序较不平滑、界线较为模糊,有明显视网膜扭曲的情形发生。而通过洋葱萃取物(Onion)及蝉花萃取物预先处理的小鼠组别与单独给予碘酸钠的小鼠组别(NaIO3)相比,视网膜排列不规则与模糊的情形有明显较少的现象。
图2所示的视网膜厚度测量的结果则显示(其中*号标记表示与单独给予NaIO3组别相比,p<0.05,有显著差异),与空白对照组(Mock)相比,单独给予碘酸钠的小鼠组别(NaIO3)在接受碘酸钠注射7天后,视网膜厚度有明显变薄情形。而通过洋葱萃取物(Onion)预先处理的小鼠组别与单独给予碘酸钠的小鼠组别(NaIO3)相比,可显著减缓碘酸钠诱导的小鼠视网膜变薄情形,而蝉花萃取物虽无显著差异但厚度仍有回升。不过,使用洋葱萃取物的正对照组减缓视网膜变薄的浓度需高达1500mg/kg,而本实施例使用蝉花萃取物的浓度仅需100mg/kg(1/15)。
据此,可得知本发明实施例的蝉花萃取物可减缓碘酸钠NaIO3所诱导的小鼠视网膜扭曲与变薄,进而改善AMD的情形。且跟洋葱萃取物相比,以较低的浓度即能达成效果。
2.组织病理分析(H&E stainine)
将各组小鼠于注射碘酸钠第7天后进行牺牲采血,眼睛做组织切片后,以苏木精和伊红染色,区别RPE的结构与型态,其照片如图3中的A所示。图3中的B为图3中的A的虚线框放大图,用以观察内核层(Inner nuclear layer,INL)与外核层(Outer nuclear layer,ONL)厚度,以及观察发炎细胞的数量。
INL及ONL层厚度测试皆是以视神经为中心,在其鼻侧与颞侧300μm-600μm进行6次厚度(图3中的B的垂直线标记)测量后,计算其平均值,其结果分别列于图4A与图4B,其中*号标记表示与单独加入NaIO3组别相比,p<0.05,有显著差异。
与空白对照组(Mock)相比,单独给予碘酸钠的小鼠组别(NaIO3)在接受碘酸钠注射7天后,视网膜ONL与INL层厚度皆有变薄的情形。而通过洋葱萃取物(Onion)与蝉花萃取物预先处理的小鼠组别与单独给予碘酸钠的小鼠组别(NaIO3)相比,可显著减缓碘酸钠诱导的小鼠视网膜ONL与INL层厚度变薄。
据此,可得知本发明实施例的蝉花萃取物可减缓碘酸钠(NaIO3)诱导的小鼠视网膜内核层与外核层变薄,进而改善AMD的情形。
实施例三组合物制备
本实施例的蝉花菌丝体活性物质若应用于医药用途,则以下组合物1的态样作为例示性实例。
组合物1:取实施例一的蝉花菌丝体活性物质的冻干粉或水萃物(20wt%),与作为润滑剂的硬脂酸镁(8wt%)、作为防腐剂的二氧化硅(7wt%)充分混合,并溶于纯水(65wt%)中,存放于4℃备用。前述wt%是指各成分占组合物总重的比例。
不过,虽然实施例二中的蝉花菌丝体活性物质是以口服方式喂食小鼠,但实际应用上亦可采用如滴剂、栓剂等其他方式。
本实施例的蝉花菌丝体活性物质若以液体剂型应用于食品用途,则以下组合物2的态样作为例示性实例。
组合物2:取实施例一的蝉花菌丝体活性物质的冻干粉或水萃物(20wt%),与作为防腐剂的苯甲醇(8wt%)、作为稀释剂的甘油(7wt%)、作为稀释剂的蔗糖(10wt%)充分混合,并溶于纯水(55wt%)中,存放于4℃备用。前述wt%是指各成分占组合物总重的比例。
Claims (11)
1.一种蝉花菌丝体活性物质用于制备预防或治疗黄斑部病变的组合物的用途,其中该蝉花菌丝体活性物质的制备方法包括下列步骤:
(a)取一蝉花菌丝体于平板培养基上,于15-35℃的温度下培养2-10天;
(b)将步骤(a)培养后的蝉花菌丝体接种至一烧瓶内,于15-35℃、pH 2-8的环境培养3-7天;
(c)将步骤(b)培养后的蝉花菌丝体接种于一发酵槽内,于15-35℃、pH 2-8的环境下搅拌培养3-5天,形成含有该蝉花菌丝体活性物质的蝉花菌丝体发酵液。
2.如权利要求1所述的用途,其中制备该蝉花菌丝体活性物质的步骤还包括步骤(d):将该蝉花菌丝体发酵液冷冻干燥后磨粉,形成含有该蝉花菌丝体活性物质的蝉花菌丝体冻干粉。
3.如权利要求2所述的用途,其中制备该蝉花菌丝体活性物质的步骤还包括步骤(e):将该蝉花菌丝体冻干粉以一溶剂萃取,形成含有该蝉花菌丝体活性物质的蝉花菌丝体萃取液。
4.如权利要求3所述的用途,其中制备该蝉花菌丝体活性物质的步骤还包括步骤(f):将该蝉花菌丝体萃取液干燥,以获得该蝉花菌丝体活性物质。
5.如权利要求3或4所述的用途,其中在步骤(e)中,该溶剂为水。
6.如权利要求1所述的用途,其中步骤(b)的烧瓶培养为震荡培养,且转速为10-250rpm。
7.如权利要求1所述的用途,其中该黄斑部病变为老年性黄斑部病变。
8.如权利要求1所述的用途,其中步骤(c)中该发酵槽进一步通入一气体,该气体包括空气、氧气、二氧化碳、氦气或其组合,该发酵槽的槽压为0.5-1.0kg/cm2且通气速率为0.01-1.5VVM。
9.如权利要求1所述的用途,其中该组合物为医药组合物,该医药组合物进一步包含药学上可接受的载剂、赋形剂、稀释剂或辅剂。
10.如权利要求1所述的用途,其中该组合物为食品添加剂。
11.如权利要求1所述的用途,其中该组合物的施用方式包括口服、滴剂及栓剂。
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