CN116053500A - Single-pole plate, bipolar plate and fuel cell - Google Patents
Single-pole plate, bipolar plate and fuel cell Download PDFInfo
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- CN116053500A CN116053500A CN202310074361.XA CN202310074361A CN116053500A CN 116053500 A CN116053500 A CN 116053500A CN 202310074361 A CN202310074361 A CN 202310074361A CN 116053500 A CN116053500 A CN 116053500A
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 62
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 106
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000012495 reaction gas Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 53
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 10
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000004308 accommodation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000110 cooling liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012809 cooling fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/0258—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/0247—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the form
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/0258—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant
- H01M8/0263—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant having meandering or serpentine paths
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0297—Arrangements for joining electrodes, reservoir layers, heat exchange units or bipolar separators to each other
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04201—Reactant storage and supply, e.g. means for feeding, pipes
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Abstract
The application provides a unipolar plate, a bipolar plate and a fuel cell, wherein the unipolar plate comprises a fluid inlet, a fluid outlet, a flow field region and a distribution region, and the flow field region is positioned between the fluid inlet and the fluid outlet; the distribution area is provided with body portion and bellying, and the bellying is used for with the membrane electrode butt, has difference in height H1 between bellying and the body portion, and difference in height H1 satisfies: h1 is more than or equal to 0.375mm and less than or equal to 0.45mm. The distribution area comprises an inlet distribution area and an outlet distribution area, wherein the inlet distribution area is respectively communicated with the fluid inlet and the flow field area, and the outlet distribution area is respectively communicated with the flow field area and the fluid outlet. Compared with the unipolar plate in the prior art, the unipolar plate increases the height difference between the protruding part and the body part, namely increases the distance between the body part and the membrane electrode, plays a role in reducing the pressure drop at the distribution area by improving the structure of the distribution area, is beneficial to improving the concentration of the reaction gas in the fuel cell, and achieves the purpose of improving the performance of the fuel cell.
Description
Technical Field
The present disclosure relates to fuel cell technology, and more particularly, to a monopolar plate, a bipolar plate, and a fuel cell.
Background
The fuel cell is composed of a cathode plate, an anode plate and a middle membrane electrode, wherein a reducing agent and an oxidizing agent are respectively introduced into two sides of the membrane electrode, the gas passes through an inlet area and an inlet distribution area of the electrode plate, reaches a flow field area for electrochemical reaction, and the residual gas and water generated by the reaction are discharged from an outlet area through an outlet distribution area. A portion of the gas is consumed during the reaction of the fuel cell, resulting in a significant pressure differential, i.e., pressure drop, between the gas at the plate inlet and outlet.
In the prior art, due to the structural characteristics of the polar plate, the pressure drop is mainly concentrated in the distribution area of the polar plate, if the pressure drop of the distribution area is overlarge, the concentration of the reactant gas in the fuel cell is reduced, the electrochemical reaction rate is affected, and the performance of the fuel cell is further affected.
Disclosure of Invention
The application provides a unipolar plate, a bipolar plate and a fuel cell, which can reduce the pressure drop of a distribution area and improve the performance of the fuel cell.
A first aspect of the present application provides a monopolar plate for a fuel cell, the monopolar plate comprising:
a fluid inlet;
a fluid outlet;
a flow field region between the fluid inlet and the fluid outlet;
the distribution area, the distribution area is provided with body portion and bellying, the bellying is used for with the membrane electrode butt, the bellying with have difference in height H1 between the body portion, difference in height H1 satisfies: h1 is more than or equal to 0.375mm and less than or equal to 0.45mm;
wherein the distribution region comprises an inlet distribution region and an outlet distribution region, the inlet distribution region is respectively communicated with the fluid inlet and the flow field region, and the outlet distribution region is respectively communicated with the flow field region and the fluid outlet.
In one possible design, the inlet distribution area and the outlet distribution area are provided with a plurality of protruding parts, a diversion channel is formed between two adjacent protruding parts, and the diversion channels are mutually communicated; fluid within the fluid inlet may flow through the flow directing channels of the inlet distribution region to the flow field region and/or fluid within the flow field region may flow through the flow directing channels of the outlet distribution region to the fluid outlet.
In one possible design, a plurality of the raised portions are spaced apart on the body portion.
In one possible design, the shape of the raised portion is one of triangular, circular, diamond, rectangular, trapezoidal, hexagonal.
In one possible design, the side of the inlet distribution area near the end of the fluid inlet is equal to the side of the fluid inlet, and the side of the inlet distribution area near the end of the flow field area is equal to the side of the flow field area; and/or the side length of the end, close to the fluid outlet, of the outlet distribution area is equal to the side length of the fluid outlet, and the side length of the end, close to the flow field area, of the outlet distribution area is equal to the side length of the flow field area.
In one possible design, the fluid inlet and the fluid outlet are arranged in central symmetry with respect to the center of the unipolar plate.
In one possible design, the distribution area is provided with a plurality of flow channels, and two ends of the flow channels are respectively communicated with the inlet distribution area and the outlet distribution area.
A second aspect of the present application provides a bipolar plate comprising an anode plate and a cathode plate, both of which are monopolar plates as described above.
A third aspect of the present application provides a fuel cell comprising:
a membrane electrode;
a bipolar plate, which is the bipolar plate described above;
the membrane electrode is arranged between two adjacent bipolar plates, one anode plate of the bipolar plate faces the membrane electrode, and the cathode plate of the other bipolar plate faces the membrane electrode.
In one possible design, the anode plate includes an anode inlet distribution region and an anode outlet distribution region, and the cathode plate includes a cathode inlet distribution region and a cathode outlet distribution region;
the anode inlet distribution area corresponds to the cathode outlet distribution area in the thickness direction of the fuel cell, and the anode outlet distribution area corresponds to the cathode inlet distribution area.
In this application, when the difference in height H1 between protruding portion and the body portion is 0.375mm ~ 0.45mm, can make the gas flow speed through the distribution district slow, increased the pressure of gas in the distribution district (reduced the pressure drop of gas promptly), improved the concentration of gas to can promote fuel cell's chemical reaction rate, simultaneously, can also suitably reduce fuel cell's volume.
Compared with the unipolar plate in the prior art, the unipolar plate provided by the embodiment increases the height difference between the protruding part and the body part, namely increases the distance between the body part and the membrane electrode, and plays a role in reducing the pressure drop at the distribution area by improving the structure of the distribution area, thereby being beneficial to improving the concentration of the reactant gas in the fuel cell and achieving the purpose of improving the performance of the fuel cell.
It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only and are not restrictive of the application.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a unipolar plate provided in the present application;
FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the distribution area of the unipolar plate of FIG. 1 in contact with a membrane electrode;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of an anode plate of a bipolar plate provided in the present application;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of a cathode plate of a bipolar plate provided herein.
Reference numerals:
10-fluid inlet;
20-fluid outlet;
30-flow field region;
31-flow channel;
40-an allocation zone;
40 a-an inlet distribution area;
40 b-an outlet distribution zone;
401-a body portion;
402-a boss;
403-diversion channel;
404-accommodation space;
1-an anode plate;
11-an anode inlet distribution area;
12-an anode outlet distribution zone;
13-anode flow channels;
14-anode fluid outlet;
15-anode fluid inlet;
16-Cooling fluid inlet
17-a coolant fluid outlet;
2-a cathode plate;
21-a cathode inlet distribution area;
22-cathode outlet distribution zone;
23-cathode flow channels;
24-cathode fluid outlet;
25-cathode fluid inlet;
3-membrane electrode.
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with the application and together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the application.
Detailed Description
For a better understanding of the technical solutions of the present application, embodiments of the present application are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
It should be understood that the described embodiments are merely some, but not all, of the embodiments of the present application. All other embodiments, which can be made by one of ordinary skill in the art without undue burden from the present disclosure, are within the scope of the present disclosure.
The terminology used in the embodiments of the application is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the application. As used in this application and the appended claims, the singular forms "a," "an," and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
It should be understood that the term "and/or" as used herein is merely one relationship describing the association of the associated objects, meaning that there may be three relationships, e.g., a and/or B, may represent: a exists alone, A and B exist together, and B exists alone. In addition, the character "/" herein generally indicates that the front and rear associated objects are an "or" relationship.
It should be noted that, the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", and the like in the embodiments of the present application are described in terms of the angles shown in the drawings, and should not be construed as limiting the embodiments of the present application. In the context of this document, it will also be understood that when an element is referred to as being "on" or "under" another element, it can be directly on the other element or be indirectly on the other element through intervening elements.
The fuel cell is a device for directly converting chemical energy of fuel into electric energy, has the advantages of high energy conversion efficiency, environmental friendliness, low working temperature and the like, and is a clean energy technology with great development prospect. The fuel cell consists of a cathode plate, a anode plate and a membrane electrode arranged between the cathode plate and the anode plate, wherein the influence of the battery plate on the performance of the fuel cell is important, and in order to improve the performance of the fuel cell, the pressure of the gas at the inlet of the battery plate is often higher than the standard atmospheric pressure. During the reaction of the fuel cell, a part of the gas is consumed, so that there is a significant pressure difference, i.e., pressure drop, in the gas pressure at the inlet and outlet of the plate.
When the pressure drop of the fuel cell is too large, the pressure at the outlet of the polar plate is too small, which can lead to the concentration reduction of the reactant gas in the fuel cell, influence the electrochemical reaction rate and further influence the performance of the fuel cell. Because of the structural characteristics of the plates, the pressure drop is mainly concentrated in the distribution area of the plates, and thus, the structure of the distribution area of the existing plates needs to be improved to reduce the pressure drop of the distribution area.
To this end, the embodiment of the present application provides a unipolar plate, which may be used in a fuel cell as a plate of the fuel cell, as shown in fig. 1, the unipolar plate includes a fluid inlet 10, a fluid outlet 20, a flow field region 30 and a distribution region 40, the flow field region 30 is located between the fluid inlet 10 and the fluid outlet 20, the distribution region 40 is provided with a body portion 401 and a protrusion portion 402, the protrusion portion 402 is used for abutting against the membrane electrode 3, a height difference H1 is provided between the protrusion portion 402 and the body portion 401, and the height difference H1 satisfies: h1 is more than or equal to 0.375mm and less than or equal to 0.45mm. Specifically, H1 may be 0.375mm, 0.4mm, 0.42mm, 0.45mm, and so forth. Wherein the distribution area 40 comprises an inlet distribution area 40a and an outlet distribution area 40b, the inlet distribution area 40a communicates with the fluid inlet 10 and the flow field area 30, respectively, and the outlet distribution area 40b communicates with the flow field area 30 and the fluid outlet 20, respectively.
When the unipolar plate in this embodiment is used in a fuel cell, the gas required for the reaction can flow in the direction of the fluid inlet 10, the inlet distribution 40a, the flow field 30, the outlet distribution 40b, the fluid outlet 20 and electrochemically react with the gas on the other side of the membrane electrode 3 at the flow field 30 via the membrane electrode 3. As shown in fig. 2, the protrusion 402 should be disposed toward the membrane electrode 3 of the fuel cell, and the protrusion 402 abuts against the surface of the membrane electrode 3, so that a receiving space 404 is formed between the body 401 and the membrane electrode 3, and when gas enters from the fluid inlet 10, the gas flows along the receiving space 404 of the inlet distribution area 40a to the flow field area 30, and then flows along the receiving space 404 of the outlet distribution area 40b to the fluid outlet 20.
Specifically, there is a height difference H1 between the boss 402 and the body 401, and H1 satisfies: h1 is more than or equal to 0.375mm and less than or equal to 0.45mm, and is not too large nor too small. When H1 is too small (for example, less than 0.375 mm), the height of the accommodating space 404 is less than 0.375mm, resulting in too small a cross-sectional area of the accommodating space 404, it is known from the bernoulli equation that when the cross-sectional area of the accommodating space 404 is smaller, the gas flow rate in the accommodating space 404 is larger, the pressure is smaller, and in the case of constant temperature, the concentration of the gas is proportional to the pressure, that is, the concentration of the gas is also reduced with the decrease of the pressure, and the electrochemical reaction rate of the fuel cell is affected by too low concentration of the gas, so that the cell performance is finally affected; when H1 is excessively large (for example, greater than 0.45 mm), the height of the accommodation space 404 is greater than 0.45mm, which results in excessively large overall volume of the fuel cell and the cell performance is not further improved, and therefore, when the height difference H1 between the boss 402 and the body 401 is 0.375mm to 0.45mm, it is possible to ensure that the accommodation space 404 has a sufficiently large volume, thereby making the flow rate of the gas passing through the distribution region 40 gentle, increasing the pressure of the gas in the distribution region 40 (i.e., reducing the pressure drop of the gas), increasing the concentration of the gas, and thus being able to improve the chemical reaction rate of the fuel cell, while also being able to appropriately reduce the volume of the fuel cell.
Compared with the unipolar plate in the prior art, the unipolar plate provided by the embodiment increases the height difference between the protruding portion 402 and the body portion 401, namely increases the distance between the body portion 401 and the membrane electrode 3, and by improving the structure of the distribution area 40, the unipolar plate plays a role in reducing the pressure drop at the distribution area 40, is beneficial to improving the concentration of the reactant gas in the fuel cell, and achieves the purpose of improving the performance of the fuel cell.
The unipolar plate provided in this embodiment may be used as an anode plate or a cathode plate in a fuel cell, where the fluid inlet 10 is used as an inlet of hydrogen gas and the fluid outlet 20 is used as an outlet of hydrogen gas when the unipolar plate is used as the anode plate; when the monopolar plate is used as the cathode plate, the fluid inlet 10 serves as the inlet for air and the fluid outlet 20 serves as the outlet for air.
In a specific embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, each of the inlet distribution area 40a and the outlet distribution area 40b is provided with a plurality of protrusions 402, a flow guide channel 403 is formed between two adjacent protrusions 402, the plurality of flow guide channels 403 are in communication with each other, and fluid in the fluid inlet 10 can flow to the flow field area 30 through the flow guide channel 403 of the inlet distribution area 40a, and/or fluid in the flow field area 30 can flow to the fluid outlet 20 through the flow guide channel 403 of the outlet distribution area 40 b.
The protrusions 402 also have a guiding effect on the reaction gas, and after entering the inlet distribution area 40a, the gas can contact the protrusions 402 in the inlet distribution area 40a, then flow along the guiding channels 403 under the guidance of the protrusions 402, and finally flow to the flow field area 30. Similarly, after entering the outlet distribution area 40b from the flow field area 30, the gas can contact the protrusion 402 in the outlet distribution area 40b, then flow along the flow guide channel 403 under the guidance of the protrusion 402, and finally flow to the fluid outlet 20.
When the inlet distribution area 40a and the outlet distribution area 40b are provided with a plurality of protrusions 402, a uniform flow of fluid in the inlet distribution area 40a and the outlet distribution area 40b is facilitated, and localized over-pressures in the inlet distribution area 40a and the outlet distribution area 40b are avoided. Moreover, the raised portion 402 at the inlet distribution area 40a also facilitates uniform fluid flow into the flow field region 30 to react, thereby increasing the electrochemically active area ratio.
In this embodiment, a plurality of diversion channels 403 together form the accommodation space 404.
In a specific embodiment, as shown in FIG. 1, a plurality of raised portions 402 are spaced apart on the body portion 401.
The distance that the protrusions 402 are spaced apart on the body 401 may be designed according to the layout of the unipolar plate and the distribution of the gas. If the gas flows into the inlet distribution 40a and the outlet distribution 40b more uniformly, the protrusions 402 may be uniformly distributed on the body 401, which may equalize the width of each of the flow channels 403, thereby ensuring that the gas in the inlet distribution 40a flows into the flow field 30 stably and uniformly, while ensuring that the gas flowing from the flow field 30 to the fluid outlet 20 is buffered in the outlet distribution 40b to reduce turbulence. In addition, the protruding portion 402 can also play a role in supporting the unipolar plate and preventing the unipolar plate from deforming, and when the protruding portion 402 is uniformly distributed on the body portion 401, the structural strength of the unipolar plate is improved, and stress concentration is avoided.
When the gas is affected by the plate pattern and flows into the inlet distribution area 40a or the outlet distribution area 40b unevenly, and is easy to gather in the local area of the inlet distribution area 40a or the outlet distribution area 40b, the protruding parts 402 can be unevenly distributed on the body part 401, that is, the protruding parts 402 are densely distributed in the area with more gas, and the protruding parts 402 are sparsely distributed in the area with less gas, so as to ensure that the gas flowing into the flow field area 30 is even and stable.
Specifically, the shape of the protruding portion 402 is one of triangle, circle, diamond, rectangle, trapezoid, hexagon.
The specific shape of the protruding portion 402 may be changed according to the flow rate and flow velocity of the reaction gas and other design conditions of the fuel cell, and the shape of the protruding portion 402 is not limited in this embodiment, and the protruding portion 402 may take the above-described shape or other shapes in addition.
In a specific embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, the side of the inlet distribution area 40a near the end of the fluid inlet 10 is equal to the side of the fluid inlet 10, and the side of the inlet distribution area 40a near the end of the flow field region 30 is equal to the side of the flow field region 30; and/or the side of the outlet distribution area 40b near the end of the fluid outlet 20 is equal to the side of the fluid outlet 20, and the side of the outlet distribution area 40b near the end of the flow field region 30 is equal to the side of the flow field region 30.
In this embodiment, the side length of the inlet distribution area 40a near one end of the fluid inlet 10 is equal to the side length of the fluid inlet 10, so that the gas at the fluid inlet 10 can flow into the inlet distribution area 40a completely, and meanwhile, the side length of the inlet distribution area 40a near one end of the flow field area 30 is equal to the side length of the flow field area 30, so that the gas in the inlet distribution area 40a can flow into the flow field area 30 completely, and the gas at the fluid inlet 10 can flow to the middle part, the upper side and the lower side of the flow field area 30 simultaneously by adopting the inlet distribution area 40a with the structure, so that the flow uniformity of the gas in the flow field area 30 is improved, and the performance of the fuel cell is improved.
Similarly, when the side length of the outlet distribution area 40b near the end of the fluid outlet 20 is equal to the side length of the fluid outlet 20, and the side length of the outlet distribution area 40b near the end of the flow field area 30 is equal to the side length of the flow field area 30, the gas in the middle, upper and lower sides of the flow field area 30 can flow to the fluid outlet 20 at the same time by adopting the outlet distribution area 40b with the structure, so that the gas is prevented from being retained in the flow channel 31.
In a specific embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, the fluid inlet 10 and the fluid outlet 20 are disposed centrally symmetrically with respect to the center of the unipolar plate.
When the fluid inlet 10 and the fluid outlet 20 are symmetrical with respect to the center of the unipolar plate, the flow path of the gas in the flow field region 30 can be prolonged, so that the flow area of the gas is increased, the contact area of the gas and the membrane electrode 3 is increased, and the performance of the fuel cell is improved.
In a specific embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, the flow field region 30 is provided with a plurality of flow channels 31, and both ends of the flow channels 31 communicate with the inlet distribution region 40a and the outlet distribution region 40b, respectively.
The gas flows to the flow channels 31 through the flow guide channels 403 of the inlet distribution area 40a, and the flow channels 31 can ensure that the gas flows uniformly in the flow field area 30, so as to promote the electrochemical reaction rate and ensure the working stability of the fuel cell. The gas remaining after the reaction can continue to flow along the flow field region 30 toward the outlet distribution region 40b, and at this time, the protrusions 402 in the outlet distribution region 40b can reduce interference between the gas flows flowing out of the plurality of flow channels 31, thereby reducing occurrence of turbulence.
The embodiment of the application also provides a bipolar plate, as shown in fig. 3 and fig. 4, the bipolar plate comprises an anode plate 1 and a cathode plate 2, and the anode plate 1 and the cathode plate 2 are the unipolar plates in any embodiment. The anode plate 1 and the cathode plate 2 are mutually attached to form a bipolar plate, and as the bipolar plate has the technical effects described above, the bipolar plate comprising the bipolar plate should also have corresponding technical effects, and will not be described herein.
The embodiment of the application also provides a fuel cell, which comprises a membrane electrode 3 and the bipolar plates, wherein the number of the membrane electrode 3 and the bipolar plates is multiple, the membrane electrode 3 is arranged between two adjacent bipolar plates, the anode plate 1 of one bipolar plate faces the membrane electrode 3, and the cathode plate 2 of the other bipolar plate faces the membrane electrode 3.
In this embodiment, a plurality of bipolar plates and a plurality of membrane electrodes 3 are alternately stacked in order to form a fuel cell, specifically, one side of the anode plate 1 of a bipolar plate provided with the convex portion 402 is attached to the membrane electrode 3, and at the same time, the cathode plate 2 of another bipolar plate is provided with the convex portion 402. At this time, an anode flow channel 13 is provided between the anode plate 1 and the membrane electrode 3, hydrogen gas can flow in the anode flow channel 13, a cathode flow channel 23 is provided between the cathode plate 2 and the membrane electrode 3, air can flow in the cathode flow channel 23, a cooling liquid flow channel is provided between the anode plate 1 and the cathode plate 2 in the same bipolar plate, and cooling liquid can flow in the cooling liquid flow channel.
In a specific embodiment, the anode plate 1 includes an anode inlet distribution region 11 and an anode outlet distribution region 12, the cathode plate 2 includes a cathode inlet distribution region 21 and a cathode outlet distribution region 22, the anode inlet distribution region 11 corresponds in position to the cathode outlet distribution region 22, and the anode outlet distribution region 12 corresponds in position to the cathode inlet distribution region 21 in the thickness direction of the fuel cell.
In this embodiment, in order to improve the working efficiency of the fuel cell, the hydrogen gas and the air are introduced in a countercurrent manner, that is, the flow directions of the hydrogen gas and the air are opposite, so that the anode inlet distribution region 11 corresponds to the cathode outlet distribution region 22 in the thickness direction of the fuel cell, and the anode outlet distribution region 12 corresponds to the cathode inlet distribution region 21 in the thickness direction of the fuel cell. At this time, since a part of the gas is consumed by the reaction, the concentration of the gas gradually decreases along with the flow direction of the gas, so that a certain pressure drop exists between the anode inlet distribution area 11 and the anode outlet distribution area 12, a certain pressure drop exists between the cathode inlet distribution area 21 and the cathode outlet distribution area 22 so far, and further, since the anode inlet distribution area 11 corresponds to the cathode outlet distribution area 22 and the anode outlet distribution area 12 corresponds to the cathode inlet distribution area 21, a large pressure difference exists between the part of the membrane electrode 3 located between the anode inlet distribution area 11 and the cathode outlet distribution area 22 and the two sides of the part located between the anode outlet distribution area 12 and the cathode inlet distribution area 21 along the thickness direction of the fuel cell, which easily causes deformation and breakage of the membrane electrode 3 and affects the normal operation of the fuel cell.
When the bipolar plate is adopted, the pressure drop of the anode inlet distribution area 11, the anode outlet distribution area 12, the cathode inlet distribution area 21 and the cathode outlet distribution area 22 can be reduced, so that the pressure at the anode fluid outlet 14 on the anode plate 1 and the pressure at the cathode fluid outlet 24 on the cathode plate 2 are increased, the pressure difference of the membrane electrode 3 along the thickness direction of the fuel cell is reduced, the damage to the membrane electrode 3 is reduced, the stability of the fuel cell is improved, and the service life of the fuel cell is prolonged.
In addition, since the bipolar plates are stacked with the membrane electrode 3, the anode flow channels 13, the cathode flow channels 23 and the coolant flow channels are also stacked in sequence in the thickness direction of the fuel cell, all the anode flow channels 13 are communicated, all the cathode flow channels 23 are communicated, and all the coolant flow channels are communicated, thereby ensuring the smooth flow of hydrogen, air and coolant.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 3 and 4, the anode plate 1 has, in addition to the anode fluid inlet 15 and the anode fluid outlet 14, a cathode fluid inlet 25 and a cathode fluid outlet 24, a coolant fluid inlet 16 and a coolant fluid outlet 17, hydrogen gas flows from the anode fluid inlet 15 to the anode fluid outlet 14 through the anode flow channel 13, air flows from the cathode fluid inlet 25 to the cathode fluid outlet 24 through the cathode flow channel 23, and coolant flows from the coolant fluid inlet 16 to the coolant fluid outlet 17 through the coolant flow channel. Similarly, the cathode plate 2 also has an anode fluid inlet 15 and an anode fluid outlet 14, a cathode fluid inlet 25 and a cathode fluid outlet 24, a coolant fluid inlet 16 and a coolant fluid outlet 17.
In the structure of the anode plate 1 and the cathode plate 2, the sectional area of the anode fluid inlet 15 is smaller than that of the cathode fluid inlet 25, so that the air supply amount in unit time can be improved, the air supply speed is matched with the hydrogen supply speed, and the hydrogen flowing into the anode flow channel 13 can fully react, and the performance of the fuel cell is improved.
Accordingly, the cross-sectional area of the anode fluid outlet 14 is smaller than the cross-sectional area of the cathode fluid outlet 24, thereby ensuring that both hydrogen and air flow out smoothly.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application, and various modifications and variations may be made to the present application by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present application should be included in the protection scope of the present application.
Claims (10)
1. A monopolar plate for a fuel cell, said monopolar plate comprising:
a fluid inlet (10);
a fluid outlet (20);
a flow field region (30) between the fluid inlet (10) and the fluid outlet (20);
distribution area (40), distribution area (40) are provided with body portion (401) and bellying (402), bellying (402) are used for with membrane electrode (3) butt, bellying (402) with have difference in height H1 between body portion (401), difference in height H1 satisfies: h1 is more than or equal to 0.375mm and less than or equal to 0.45mm;
wherein the distribution region (40) comprises an inlet distribution region (40 a) and an outlet distribution region (40 b), the inlet distribution region (40 a) being in communication with the fluid inlet (10) and the flow field region (30), respectively, and the outlet distribution region (40 b) being in communication with the flow field region (30) and the fluid outlet (20), respectively.
2. The unipolar plate according to claim 1, characterized in that the inlet distribution area (40 a) and the outlet distribution area (40 b) are each provided with a plurality of said bosses (402), between two adjacent bosses (402) a flow-guiding channel (403) is formed, a plurality of said flow-guiding channels (403) being in communication with each other;
fluid within the fluid inlet (10) can flow through the flow-directing channels (403) of the inlet distribution region (40 a) to the flow field region (30) and/or fluid within the flow field region (30) can flow through the flow-directing channels (403) of the outlet distribution region (40 b) to the fluid outlet (20).
3. The unipolar plate according to claim 1, characterized in that a plurality of the raised portions (402) are spaced apart on the body portion (401).
4. The unipolar plate of claim 1, wherein the protrusion (402) is one of triangular, circular, diamond-shaped, rectangular, trapezoidal, hexagonal in shape.
5. The unipolar plate of claim 1, wherein the side of the inlet distribution area (40 a) near the end of the fluid inlet (10) is equal to the side of the fluid inlet (10), and the side of the inlet distribution area (40 a) near the end of the flow field area (30) is equal to the side of the flow field area (30);
and/or the side length of the outlet distribution area (40 b) near one end of the fluid outlet (20) is equal to the side length of the fluid outlet (20), and the side length of the outlet distribution area (40 b) near one end of the flow field area (30) is equal to the side length of the flow field area (30).
6. The unipolar plate according to any of claims 1-5, characterized in that the fluid inlet (10) and the fluid outlet (20) are arranged centrally symmetrically with respect to the centre of the unipolar plate.
7. The unipolar plate according to any of claims 1-5, characterized in that the flow field region (30) is provided with a plurality of flow channels (31), both ends of the flow channels (31) being in communication with the inlet distribution region (40 a) and the outlet distribution region (40 b), respectively.
8. A bipolar plate, characterized in that it comprises an anode plate (1) and a cathode plate (2), both the anode plate (1) and the cathode plate (2) being unipolar plates according to any of claims 1-7.
9. A fuel cell, the fuel cell comprising:
a membrane electrode (3);
a bipolar plate, which is the bipolar plate as claimed in claim 8;
the number of the membrane electrodes (3) and the number of the bipolar plates are multiple, the membrane electrodes (3) are arranged between two adjacent bipolar plates, one anode plate (1) of each bipolar plate faces the membrane electrode (3), and the cathode plate (2) of the other bipolar plate faces the membrane electrode (3).
10. The fuel cell according to claim 9, wherein the anode plate (1) comprises an anode inlet distribution region (11) and an anode outlet distribution region (12), and the cathode plate (2) comprises a cathode inlet distribution region (21) and a cathode outlet distribution region (22);
the anode inlet distribution region (11) corresponds to the cathode outlet distribution region (22) in position, and the anode outlet distribution region (12) corresponds to the cathode inlet distribution region (21) in position along the thickness direction of the fuel cell.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202310074361.XA CN116053500A (en) | 2023-01-16 | 2023-01-16 | Single-pole plate, bipolar plate and fuel cell |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202310074361.XA CN116053500A (en) | 2023-01-16 | 2023-01-16 | Single-pole plate, bipolar plate and fuel cell |
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