CN116048552B - A method, system, electronic device, and storage medium for installing an operating system via PXE. - Google Patents
A method, system, electronic device, and storage medium for installing an operating system via PXE.Info
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- CN116048552B CN116048552B CN202211685862.3A CN202211685862A CN116048552B CN 116048552 B CN116048552 B CN 116048552B CN 202211685862 A CN202211685862 A CN 202211685862A CN 116048552 B CN116048552 B CN 116048552B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F8/00—Arrangements for software engineering
- G06F8/60—Software deployment
- G06F8/61—Installation
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F9/00—Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units
- G06F9/06—Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units using stored programs, i.e. using an internal store of processing equipment to receive or retain programs
- G06F9/44—Arrangements for executing specific programs
- G06F9/445—Program loading or initiating
- G06F9/44505—Configuring for program initiating, e.g. using registry, configuration files
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
- Y02D10/00—Energy efficient computing, e.g. low power processors, power management or thermal management
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Abstract
The invention provides a method, a system, electronic equipment and a storage medium for installing an operating system through PXE, wherein the method comprises the steps of obtaining a diskless system kernel file in a TFTP server by sending a first acquisition request to the TFTP server; loading and executing the kernel file of the diskless system through the PXE guide file, loading the diskless operating system, installing a network card driver through the diskless operating system, sending an installation resource acquisition request to an HTTP server based on the network card driver, acquiring installation resources in the HTTP server according to the installation resource acquisition request, and executing the installation of the operating system according to the installation resources. The method aims at loading the network card drive to the PXE client under the network-free environment.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to the field of operating system installation technologies, and in particular, to a method, a system, an electronic device, and a storage medium for installing an operating system through PXE.
Background
The PXE installation linux operating system belongs to a mature installation scheme. In the field of server testing, because of its characteristics, frequent installation of an operating system is more required, and PXE installation is a relatively common way of installing an operating system. Since PXE installations are installed over a network, the machines to be installed, i.e., the PXE clients, are required to have a network environment that can be used. Typically, the network environment of the PXE client is provided by a network card, which requires that the operating system to be installed have a network card driver available. However, for the PXE client, an operating system needs to be installed, and if the operating system is to be installed through PXE, the PXE client is required to load the network card driver before installing the operating system.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, the present invention provides a method, system, electronic device and storage medium for installing an operating system by PXE. The method aims at loading the network card drive to the PXE client under the network-free environment.
In a first aspect of an embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a method for installing an operating system through PXE, applied to a PXE client, the method including:
a first acquisition request is sent to a TFTP server, and a diskless system kernel file in the TFTP server is obtained;
Loading and executing the kernel file of the diskless system through the PXE guide file, and loading a diskless operating system;
Installing a network card driver through the diskless operating system;
Sending an installation resource acquisition request to an HTTP server based on the network card driver;
Obtaining the installation resource in the HTTP server according to the installation resource obtaining request;
and executing the installation of the operating system according to the installation resource.
Optionally, the obtaining the PXE boot file includes:
The IP address and the PXE guide file address returned by the DHCP server are obtained through an IP address request sent to the DHCP server;
And obtaining the PXE guide file in the TFTP server through a second acquisition request sent to the TFTP server.
Optionally, the loading and executing the kernel file of the diskless system through the PXE boot file, loading a diskless operating system, including:
Acquiring a configuration file in a TFTP server through a third acquisition request sent to the TFTP server;
obtaining a kernel initial image file in a TFTP server through a fourth acquisition request sent to the TFTP server;
Reading the configuration file through the PXE guide file;
Loading a kernel initial image file through the configuration file to start a linux kernel;
And loading and executing the kernel file of the diskless system based on the started Linux so as to load the diskless operating system.
Optionally, before obtaining the diskless system kernel file in the TFTP server by sending a first acquisition request to the TFTP server, the method further comprises:
determining a kernel of an operating system to be installed;
and constructing a diskless system kernel file comprising a diskless operating system identical to the kernel of the operating system to be installed according to the kernel of the operating system to be installed.
Optionally, the diskless system kernel file at least includes a shell program module, a make program module, a C language compiler, and a linux-devel.
A second aspect of the present invention provides a method for installing an operating system through PXE, applied to a TFTP server, the method comprising:
According to a first acquisition request of a PXE client, sending a diskless system kernel file to the PXE client;
The PXE client loads and executes the diskless system kernel file through a PXE guide file to construct a diskless operating system of the PXE client;
The PXE client installs a network card driver through the diskless operating system;
The PXE client sends an installation resource acquisition request to an HTTP server based on the network card driver;
The PXE client obtains the installation resource in the HTTP server according to the installation resource obtaining request;
the PCE client executes the installation of the operating system according to the installation resource
Optionally, the obtaining the PXE boot file includes:
The PXE client obtains an IP address returned by the DHCP server and a PXE guide file address through an IP address request sent to the DHCP server;
and sending the PXE guide file to the PXE client according to the second acquisition request of the PXE client.
Optionally, the PXE client loads and executes the diskless system kernel file through a PXE boot file to construct a diskless operating system of the PXE client, including:
according to the third acquisition request of the PXE client, sending a configuration file to the PXE client;
according to the fourth acquisition request of the PXE client, sending a kernel initial image file to the PXE client;
The PXE client reads the configuration file through the PXE guide file;
the PXE client loads a kernel initial mirror image file through the configuration file to start a linux kernel;
And the PXE client mounts and executes the diskless system kernel file based on the started Linux so as to load a diskless operating system.
In a third aspect of embodiments of the present invention, there is provided a system for installing an operating system by PXE, the system comprising:
The system comprises a diskless system kernel file acquisition module, a TFTP server and a storage module, wherein the diskless system kernel file acquisition module is used for acquiring a diskless system kernel file in the TFTP server by sending a first acquisition request to the TFTP server;
the diskless operating system loading module is used for loading and executing the kernel file of the diskless operating system through the PXE guide file and loading the diskless operating system;
The network card driver installation module is used for installing a network card driver through the diskless operating system;
The installation resource acquisition request sending module is used for sending an installation resource acquisition request to the HTTP server based on the network card driver;
the installation resource acquisition module is used for acquiring the installation resource in the HTTP server according to the installation resource acquisition request;
And the operating system installation module is used for executing the installation of the operating system according to the installation resource.
In a fourth aspect of the embodiments of the present invention, there is also provided an electronic device, including a processor, a communication interface, a memory, and a communication bus, where the processor, the communication interface, and the memory complete communication with each other through the communication bus;
A memory for storing a computer program;
and the processor is used for realizing the steps of the method for installing the operating system through PXE when executing the program stored on the memory.
In a fifth aspect of embodiments of the present invention, there is also provided a computer-readable storage medium having stored thereon a computer program which, when executed by a processor, implements a method of installing an operating system by PXE according to the first aspect of the present invention.
Aiming at the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
According to the method for installing the operating system through the PXE, the disk-free system kernel file which is built in the TFTP server in advance is obtained, the disk-free system kernel file is guided to be loaded and executed through the PXE guide file, so that the disk-free operating system is loaded for the PXE client, the network card driver is installed through the disk-free operating system after the PXE client has the disk-free operating system, after the network card driver is installed, an installation resource obtaining request is initiated to the HTTP server, and after the installation resource is obtained, the operating system is installed for the PXE client based on the installation resource. According to the embodiment of the invention, the loading of the network card drive can be carried out under the condition that the PXE client has no operating system and no network card drive, and the subsequent installation of the operating system can be carried out.
The foregoing description is only an overview of the present invention, and is intended to be implemented in accordance with the teachings of the present invention in order that the same may be more clearly understood and to make the same and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention more readily apparent.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below.
FIG. 1 is a flowchart of a method for installing an operating system via PXE according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flowchart of a method for installing an operating system via PXE according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an operating system installed by PXE according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Before explaining the present invention, the background of the present invention will be described. The PXE installation linux operating system is already a mature scheme for batch installation of operating systems on terminals, but in the field of server testing, due to the characteristic reasons of server testing, the server can install the operating systems more frequently, and if all the operating systems are installed by a worker going to one server, the time and effort are wasted, and at the same time, when one installation is wrong, other servers cannot be installed easily. Therefore, the method of batch installation of the operating system by the PXE gradually becomes a convenient and commonly used method of batch installation of the operating system. However, since the PXE is installed by installing an operating system for a device through a network, a device to be installed, that is, a PXE client, needs to have a network environment that can be used.
The current implementation mode of installing the operating system by the PXE mainly comprises the following two steps that under the condition that a pre-installation kernel (namely initrd. Img) of an operating system of a terminal where the PXE client is located contains a plurality of network card drivers, the network card with the operating system of the PXE client can be used for installing, and for a scene that the network card without the network card driver is required to be used for installing through the PXE, the operating system is required to be installed on the terminal where the PXE is located in other modes, then the network card driver is installed, a driving file corresponding to the installed network card driver is copied out, then the pre-installation kernel (initrd. Img) is decompressed, then the driving file installed before is copied into the pre-installation kernel after decompression, the relevant configuration file is modified, and then the long initrd. Img file is packed. This forms a paradox for the second implementation, where a PXE client is originally a terminal that wants to install an operating system, and if it is desired to install an operating system on the PXE client, it is necessary to have a driver file (typically xxx.ko end) generated by installing a driver in the PXE client, that is, it is necessary that the PXE client has an operating system before installing the driver to generate the driver file, and only if the driver file is used to install the operating system. In this case, the PXE client must first install the operating system through another method, so that the operating system can be installed through PXE.
In view of this, the present invention proposes a new method for installing an operating system through PXE, for a scenario where a network card without a network card driver must be used to install through PXE, the present invention loads and executes a diskless system kernel file by obtaining a diskless system kernel file pre-built in a TFTP server and guiding the file through PXE, so as to load a diskless operating system for a PXE client, after having the diskless operating system, the PXE client installs a network card driver through the diskless operating system, after completing the installation of the network card driver, initiates an installation resource obtaining request to an HTTP server, and after obtaining the installation resource, installs the operating system for the PXE client based on the installation resource. According to the embodiment of the invention, the network card driver can be installed and loaded based on the diskless system kernel file of the invention under the condition that the PXE client has no operating system and no network card driver, and the subsequent operating system is installed.
FIG. 1 is a flowchart of a method for installing an operating system through PXE according to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 1, applied to a PXE client, the method includes:
Step S101, a first acquisition request is sent to a TFTP server to obtain a diskless system kernel file in the TFTP server;
step S102, loading and executing the kernel file of the diskless system through the PXE boot file, and loading a diskless operating system;
Step S103, installing a network card driver through the diskless operation system;
Step S104, based on the network card driver, sending an installation resource acquisition request to an HTTP server;
step 105, obtaining the installation resource in the HTTP server according to the installation resource obtaining request;
And step S106, according to the installation resources, the installation of the operating system is executed.
In the embodiment of the invention, PXE (preboot execute environment) is called a pre-boot execution environment, and installing the linux operating system through PXE belongs to a mature scheme for installing the operating system. The method comprises the steps that a terminal needing to be installed with an operating system is called a PXE client, the PXE client needing to be installed with the operating system obtains a diskless system kernel file stored in a TFTP server in advance by sending a first obtaining request to the TFTP server, the TFTP server judges the validity of the first obtaining request after receiving the first obtaining request sent by the PXE client needing to be installed with the operating system, and when the judging result shows that the first obtaining request is legal, the TFTP server sends the stored diskless system kernel file to the PXE client needing to be installed with the operating system.
In the embodiment of the invention, after the PXE client needing to be installed with an operating system obtains the diskless system kernel file, the PXE client needing to be installed with the operating system is guided by the PXE guide file in the PXE client needing to be installed with the operating system to load and execute the diskless system kernel file acquired from the TFTP server. The diskless operating system in the PXE client that needs to be installed with an operating system, that is RAMOS (Random Access Memory Operating System), is created and loaded by loading and executing the diskless system kernel file.
In the embodiment of the invention, the PXE boot file is used for guiding the PXE client needing to install the operating system.
In the embodiment of the invention, after loading of the diskless operating system in the PXE client needing operating system installation is completed, the network card driver in the PXE client needing operating system installation is installed through the diskless operating system. After the installation of the network card driver of the PXE client needing to be installed with the operating system is completed, the PXE client needing to be installed with the operating system sends an installation resource acquisition request to the HTTP server based on the installed network card driver so as to acquire the installation resource of the corresponding operating system. After the HTTP server receives the installation resource acquisition request, the stored installation resource is sent to the PXE client needing to be installed with the operating system, and after the PXE client needing to be installed with the operating system receives the installation resource, the PXE client needing to be installed with the operating system is guided by the PXE guide file to install the operating system based on the received installation resource.
In the embodiment of the invention, for the diskless kernel file (initrd-ramos. Img), the data is transmitted to the PXE client needing to be installed by the operating system through the TFTP server, and the TFTP service can transmit the data without the network card driver, so based on the characteristic, the PXE client needing to be installed by the operating system loads a diskless operating system through the diskless kernel file, namely RAMOS (Random Access Memory Operating System), then installs the network card driver required to be used for data transmission with HTTP later under the diskless operating system, and then connects with the HTTP server through the network card, so as to obtain the installation resource transmitted to the PXE client needing to be installed by the HTTP server, thereby carrying out the subsequent installation of the operating system based on the installation resource. According to the embodiment of the invention, for the network card without the drive, the operation system can be installed through the PXE without installing the operation system in advance, and the complete whole PXE installation process can be realized by utilizing the characteristic that the TFTP does not need the network card.
The implementation mode of the invention expands a preinstalled kernel (namely initrd. Img) which only provides a preinstalled environment in the PXE installation process into a diskless system kernel file (namely initrd-RAMOS. Img), and provides a basically complete RAMOS (Random Access Memory Operating System) through the diskless system kernel file, thereby installing network cards and other operations on the basis of RAMOS, and improving the installation efficiency of an operating system.
According to the method for installing the operating system through the PXE, the disk-free system kernel file which is built in the TFTP server in advance is obtained, the disk-free system kernel file is guided to be loaded and executed through the PXE guide file, so that the disk-free operating system is loaded for the PXE client, the network card driver is installed through the disk-free operating system after the PXE client has the disk-free operating system, after the network card driver is installed, an installation resource obtaining request is initiated to the HTTP server, and after the installation resource is obtained, the operating system is installed for the PXE client based on the installation resource. According to the embodiment of the invention, the loading of the network card drive can be carried out under the condition that the PXE client has no operating system and no network card drive, and the subsequent installation of the operating system can be carried out.
The method comprises the steps of obtaining the IP address and the PXE guide file address returned by a DHCP server through an IP address request sent to the DHCP server, and obtaining the PXE guide file in a TFTP server through a second obtaining request sent to the TFTP server.
In the embodiment of the invention, the acquisition of the PXE guide file used for guiding the PXE client needing operating system installation to carry out operating system installation in the PXE client needing operating system installation comprises the steps that the PXE client needing operating system installation sends an IP address request to a DHCP server, after receiving the IP address request, the DHCP server responds to the IP address request to automatically allocate an IP address from an IP address pool to the PXE client needing operating system installation, and informs the position of the IP address of the PXE client TFTP server needing operating system installation and the position of the PXE guide file pxelinux.0, and specifically, the allocated IP address and the position of the PXE guide file pxelinux.0 of the TFTP server are returned to the PXE client needing operating system installation.
In the embodiment of the invention, after the PXE client needing to perform operating system installation receives the allocated IP address returned by the DHCP server and the IP address of the TFTP server and the location of the PXE boot file pxelinux.0, a second acquisition request is sent to the TFTP server according to the IP address of the TFTP server and the location of the pxelinux.0, so as to request to acquire the pxelinux.0 in the TFTP server, so that the subsequent operating system installation of the PXE client needing to perform operating system installation can be guided. After the TFTP server receives the second acquisition request sent by the PXE client needing to be installed with the operating system, the validity of the second acquisition request is determined through the information of the position of the PXE guide file pxelinux.0 in the second acquisition request, and after the TFTP server determines that the second acquisition request is legal, the PXE client needing to be installed with the operating system is returned to the PXE client needing to be installed with the operating system for guiding the PXE client needing to be installed with the operating system.
The method comprises the steps of loading and executing kernel files of a diskless system through a PXE boot file, loading a diskless operating system, obtaining a configuration file in a TFTP server through a third obtaining request sent to the TFTP server, obtaining a kernel initial image file in the TFTP server through a fourth obtaining request sent to the TFTP server, reading the configuration file through the PXE boot file, loading the kernel initial image file through the configuration file to start a Linux kernel, and loading and executing the kernel files of the diskless system based on started Linux to load the diskless operating system.
In the embodiment of the invention, various other related files are acquired through the TFTP server except that the installation resource required to be acquired by the PXE client for operating system installation is required to be acquired from the HTTP server. The method comprises the steps that a PXE client needing operating system installation sends a third acquisition request to a TFTP server to acquire a configuration file in the TFTP server, the TFTP server responds to the received third acquisition request and sends the configuration file to the PXE client needing operating system installation, the PXE client needing operating system installation sends a fourth acquisition request to the TFTP server to acquire a kernel initial image file in the TFTP server, the TFTP server responds to the received fourth acquisition request and sends the kernel initial image file to the PXE client needing operating system installation, and a diskless system kernel file in the PXE client needing operating system installation is obtained by sending a first acquisition request to the TFTP server, and the TFTP server responds to the received first acquisition request and sends a diskless system kernel file to the PXE client needing operating system installation.
In the embodiment of the invention, after receiving the configuration file, the kernel initial image file and the diskless system kernel file transmitted by the TFTP server, the PXE client needing to be installed with the operating system. And reading the configuration files required by the operating system installation through the PXE guide files in the PXE client which needs to be subjected to the operating system installation. And loading the received kernel initial image file based on the read configuration file to start the Linux kernel of the kernel initial image file. And mounting and executing a pre-created diskless kernel file based on the Linux kernel started in the PXE client needing to be installed with the operating system, so that the Linux kernel is loaded to a corresponding diskless operating system, and the network card driver can be directly installed through the diskless operating system.
Before the first acquisition request is sent to the TFTP server to obtain the diskless system kernel file in the TFTP server, the method further comprises the steps of determining the kernel of the operating system to be installed, and constructing the diskless system kernel file comprising the diskless operating system identical to the kernel of the operating system to be installed according to the kernel of the operating system to be installed.
In the embodiment of the invention, in order to enable the subsequent network card drive to be used by the PXE client needing to be installed with the operating system after the operating system is installed, when the diskless system kernel file is constructed, the type of the operating system to be installed of the PXE client needing to be installed with the operating system is firstly required to be determined, the corresponding kernel is determined according to the type of the operating system to be installed, and then when the diskless system kernel file is created, the diskless system kernel file comprising the same diskless operating system as the kernel corresponding to the type of the operating system to be installed is constructed. That is, before the kernel file of the diskless system is created, the kernel type of the diskless operating system in the kernel file of the diskless system needs to be determined, and the kernel type is the same as the kernel type corresponding to the type of the operating system to be installed of the PXE client needing to be installed of the operating system. After the kernel of the diskless operating system is determined, constructing a diskless system kernel file comprising the diskless operating system.
In the invention, the diskless system kernel file at least comprises a shell program module, a make program module, a C language compiler and a linux-devel.
In the embodiment of the invention, in order to enable the diskless system kernel file to realize the installation of the network card drive, the diskless system kernel file needs to comprise all tools required by the installation of the network card drive. Therefore, the pre-constructed disk-free system kernel file at least comprises a shell program module, a make program module, a C language compiler and a linux-devel. The Shell program module is an application program and is connected with a user and a Linux kernel, so that the user can use the Linux kernel more efficiently, safely and at low cost, the make program module is used for compiling an executable program, devel in a Linux is totally called develop, chinese meaning "development" refers to a development package corresponding to a software package, and the Linux-devellinux is a development package corresponding to the software package, contains all necessary files for developing the program by using the development package, at least comprises a header file and a link library, and contains development files or demonstration codes.
The second aspect of the invention provides a method for installing an operating system through PXE, which is applied to a TFTP server, and comprises the steps of sending a diskless system kernel file to a PXE client according to a first acquisition request of the PXE client, loading and executing the diskless system kernel file through the PXE client to construct a diskless operating system of the PXE client, installing a network card driver through the diskless operating system by the PXE client, sending an installation resource acquisition request to an HTTP server by the PXE client based on the network card driver, acquiring an installation resource in the HTTP server by the PXE client according to the installation resource acquisition request, and executing the installation of the operating system by the PCE client according to the installation resource.
In the embodiment of the invention, various files for performing PXE installation are stored in a TFTP server, the TFTP server receives a first acquisition request sent by a PXE client needing to perform operation system installation, after the TFTP server performs validity judgment on the first acquisition request according to the received first acquisition request, and when the result of validity judgment indicates that the first acquisition request belongs to a legal request, the TFTP server sends a prestored diskless system kernel file to the PXE client needing to perform operation system installation.
In the embodiment of the invention, after the PXE client needing to be installed with an operating system obtains the diskless system kernel file, the PXE client needing to be installed with the operating system is guided by a PXE guide file pxelinux.0 in the PXE client needing to be installed with the operating system to load and execute the diskless system kernel file obtained from the TFTP server.
In the embodiment of the invention, the RAMOS is mainly used for the subsequent installation of the network card driver by loading and executing the kernel file of the diskless system to create and load the diskless operating system in the PXE client needing the installation of the operating system, namely RAMOS (Random Access Memory Operating System).
In the embodiment of the invention, after loading of the diskless operating system in the PXE client needing operating system installation is completed, the network card drive in the PXE client needing operating system installation is installed through the diskless operating system in the PXE client needing operating system installation. After the installation of the network card driver of the PXE client needing to be installed with the operating system is completed, the PXE client needing to be installed with the operating system sends an installation resource acquisition request to the HTTP server based on the installed network card driver so as to acquire the installation resource of the corresponding operating system. And according to the received installation resource acquisition request, the HTTP server sends the stored installation resource to the PXE client needing to be installed with the operating system, and after the PXE client needing to be installed with the operating system receives the installation resource, the PXE client needing to be installed with the operating system is guided by the PXE guide file to install the operating system based on the received installation resource.
In the embodiment of the invention, for the diskless kernel file (initrd-ramos. Img), the data is transmitted to the PXE client needing to be installed by the operating system through the TFTP server, and the TFTP service can transmit the data without the network card driver, so based on the characteristic, the PXE client needing to be installed by the operating system loads a diskless operating system through the diskless kernel file, namely RAMOS (Random Access Memory Operating System), then installs the network card driver required to be used for data transmission with HTTP later under the diskless operating system, and then connects with the HTTP server through the network card, so as to obtain the installation resource transmitted to the PXE client needing to be installed by the HTTP server, thereby carrying out the subsequent installation of the operating system based on the installation resource. According to the embodiment of the invention, for the network card without the drive, the operation system can be installed through the PXE without installing the operation system in advance, and the complete whole PXE installation process can be realized by utilizing the characteristic that the TFTP does not need the network card.
The implementation mode of the invention expands a preinstalled kernel (namely initrd. Img) which only provides a preinstalled environment in the PXE installation process into a diskless system kernel file (namely initrd-RAMOS. Img), and provides a basically complete RAMOS (Random Access Memory Operating System) through the diskless system kernel file, thereby installing network cards and other operations on the basis of RAMOS, and improving the installation efficiency of an operating system.
According to the method for installing the operating system through the PXE, the disk-free system kernel file which is built in the TFTP server in advance is obtained, the disk-free system kernel file is guided to be loaded and executed through the PXE guide file, so that the disk-free operating system is loaded for the PXE client, the network card driver is installed through the disk-free operating system after the PXE client has the disk-free operating system, after the network card driver is installed, an installation resource obtaining request is initiated to the HTTP server, and after the installation resource is obtained, the operating system is installed for the PXE client based on the installation resource. According to the embodiment of the invention, the loading of the network card drive can be carried out under the condition that the PXE client has no operating system and no network card drive, and the subsequent installation of the operating system can be carried out.
The method comprises the steps that the PXE client obtains an IP address returned by a DHCP server and a PXE guide file address through an IP address request sent to the DHCP server, and sends the PXE guide file to the PXE client according to a second obtaining request of the PXE client.
In the embodiment of the invention, firstly, a PXE client needing to be installed with an operating system sends an IP address request to a DHCP server, according to the IP address request, the DHCP server responds to the IP address request to automatically allocate an IP address from an IP address pool to the PXE client needing to be installed with the operating system, and sends the IP address of the TFTP server and the position of a PXE guide file pxelinux.0 to the PXE client needing to be installed with the operating system, and specifically, returns the allocated IP address and the position of the PXE guide file pxelinux.0 to the PXE client needing to be installed with the operating system.
In the embodiment of the invention, after the PXE client needing to perform operating system installation receives the allocated IP address returned by the DHCP server and the IP address of the TFTP server and the location of the PXE boot file pxelinux.0, when the TFTP server receives a second acquisition request sent by the PXE client needing to perform operating system installation, the TFTP server determines information of the location of the pxelinux.0 in the second acquisition request in response to the second acquisition request, determines validity of the second acquisition request according to the information of the location of the pxelinux.0, and returns the pxelinux.0 used for guiding the pxelinux to perform operating system installation to the PXE client needing to perform operating system installation after the TFTP server determines that the second acquisition request is legal.
The method comprises the steps that a PXE client loads and executes a diskless system kernel file through a PXE guide file to construct a diskless operating system of the PXE client, the method comprises the steps of sending a configuration file to the PXE client according to a third acquisition request of the PXE client, sending a kernel initial image file to the PXE client according to a fourth acquisition request of the PXE client, the PXE client reads the configuration file through the PXE guide file, the PXE client loads the kernel initial image file through the configuration file to start a Linux kernel, and the PXE client mounts and executes the diskless system kernel file based on started Linux to load the diskless operating system.
In an embodiment of the present invention, all relevant files needed for PXE installation, except for the installation resources, are stored in the TFTP server. The corresponding acquisition requests are sent to the TFTP server by the PXE client needing to be installed with the operating system, and after the TFTP server receives the corresponding acquisition requests, the corresponding relevant files are sent to the PXE client needing to be installed with the operating system. The method comprises the steps that a TFTP server receives a third acquisition request sent by a PXE client needing to be installed with an operating system, sends a configuration file to the PXE client needing to be installed with the operating system according to the third acquisition request, receives a fourth acquisition request sent by the PXE client needing to be installed with the operating system according to the fourth acquisition request, sends a kernel initial mirror image to the PXE client needing to be installed with the operating system according to the fourth acquisition request, receives a first acquisition request sent by the PXE client needing to be installed with the operating system, and sends a diskless system kernel file to the PXE client needing to be installed with the operating system according to the first acquisition request.
In the embodiment of the invention, after the TFTP server sends the configuration file, the kernel initial image file and the diskless system kernel file to the PXE client needing to be installed in the operating system, the PXE client needing to be installed in the operating system performs subsequent installation operation based on the received configuration file, the kernel initial image file and the diskless system kernel file. Specifically, the configuration files required for operating system installation are read through the PXE boot files in the PXE client needing operating system installation. And loading the received kernel initial image file based on the read configuration file to start the Linux kernel of the kernel initial image file. And mounting and executing a pre-created diskless kernel file based on the Linux kernel started in the PXE client needing to be installed with the operating system, so that the Linux kernel is loaded to a corresponding diskless operating system, and the network card driver can be directly installed through the diskless operating system.
In an embodiment of the present invention, fig. 2 is another flowchart of a method for installing an operating system through PXE according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 2, one embodiment of a method for installing an operating system through PXE is that firstly, the PXE client needing to install the operating system sends an IP address request to a DHCP server, after receiving the IP address request, the DHCP server responds to the IP address request to automatically allocate an IP address from an IP address pool to the PXE client needing to install the operating system, and informs the location of the IP address of the PXE client TFTP server needing to install the operating system and the PXE boot file pxelinux.0. Specifically, the allocated IP address, the IP address of the TFTP server, and the location of the pxelinux.0 of the pxelinux file are returned to the PXE client that needs to perform the operating system installation. And then the PXE client needing operating system installation sends a second acquisition request to the TFTP server to request to acquire the PXE boot file pxelinux.0 in the TFTP server so as to enable the subsequent boot of the operating system installation of the PXE client needing operating system installation. After the TFTP server receives the second acquisition request sent by the PXE client needing to be installed with the operating system, the validity of the second acquisition request is determined through the information of the position of the PXE guide file pxelinux.0 in the second acquisition request, and after the TFTP server determines that the second acquisition request is legal, the PXE client needing to be installed with the operating system is returned to the PXE client needing to be installed with the operating system for guiding the PXE client needing to be installed with the operating system. The PXE client needing to be installed with the operating system continues to send a third acquisition request to a TFTP server to acquire a configuration file pxelinux.cfg in the TFTP server, the TFTP server responds to the received third acquisition request and sends the configuration file pxelinux.cfg to the PXE client needing to be installed with the operating system, the PXE client needing to be installed with the operating system sends a fourth acquisition request to the TFTP server to acquire a kernel initial image file vmlinuz in the TFTP server, the TFTP server responds to the received fourth acquisition request and sends a kernel initial image file vmlinuz to the PXE client needing to be installed with the operating system, the E client needing to be installed with the operating system sends a first acquisition request to the TFTP server to acquire a kernel file initrd-ramos.img of a diskless system in the TFTP server, and the TFTP server responds to the received first acquisition request and sends the kernel initial image file initrd-ramos of the diskless system to the PXE client needing to be installed with the operating system. In the embodiment of the present invention, after receiving the configuration file pxelinux. Cfg, the kernel initial image file vmlinuz and the diskless system kernel file initrd-ramos. Img transmitted from the TFTP server, the pxel client requiring the operating system installation. And reading the configuration file pxelinux.cfg required by the operating system installation through the PXE boot file pxelinux.0 in the PXE client needing the operating system installation. The received kernel initial image file vmlinuz is unloaded based on the read configuration file pxelinux.cfg to launch the Linux kernel of the kernel initial image file vmlinuz. And mounting and executing a pre-created diskless kernel file based on the Linux kernel started in the PXE client needing to be installed with the operating system, so that the Linux kernel is loaded to a corresponding diskless operating system, and the network card driver can be directly installed through the diskless operating system. And the loaded diskless operating system installs the network card drive. The PXE client which is required to be installed with the operating system and is installed with the network card drive is obtained by sending an installation resource obtaining request to an HTTP server, so that the corresponding installation resource for installing the operating system is obtained, and after the HTTP server receives the installation resource obtaining request, the corresponding installation resource is returned to the PXE client which is required to be installed with the operating system in response to the installation resource obtaining request. And after the PXE client needing operating system installation receives the installation resource, the operating system is installed based on the installation resource.
In a third aspect of the present invention, a system for installing an operating system through PXE is provided, and fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of installing an operating system through PXE according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 3, the system 300 includes:
The diskless system kernel file obtaining module 301 is configured to obtain a diskless system kernel file in a TFTP server by sending a first obtaining request to the TFTP server;
the diskless operating system loading module 302 is configured to load and execute the diskless system kernel file through the PXE boot file, and load a diskless operating system;
a network card driver installation module 303, configured to install a network card driver through the diskless operating system;
The installation resource acquisition request sending module is used for sending an installation resource acquisition request to the HTTP server based on the network card driver;
an installation resource obtaining module 304, configured to obtain an installation resource in the HTTP server according to the installation resource obtaining request;
and the operating system installation module 305 is used for executing the installation of the operating system according to the installation resources.
Optionally, the obtaining of the PXE boot file required by the diskless operating system loading module 302 includes obtaining an IP address and a PXE boot file address returned by the DHCP server through an IP address request sent to the DHCP server, and obtaining the PXE boot file in the TFTP server through a second obtaining request sent to the TFTP server.
Optionally, the diskless operating system loading module 302 includes:
the configuration file acquisition module is used for acquiring a configuration file in the TFTP server through a third acquisition request sent to the TFTP server;
the kernel initial image file acquisition module is used for acquiring a kernel initial image file in the TFTP server through a fourth acquisition request sent to the TFTP server;
The file reading module is used for reading the configuration file through the PXE guide file;
The kernel starting module is used for loading a kernel initial mirror image file through the configuration file so as to start the linux kernel;
and the diskless operating system loading submodule is used for loading and executing the diskless system kernel file based on the started Linux so as to load the diskless operating system.
Optionally, the system 300 further comprises:
the kernel determining module is used for determining the kernel of the operating system to be installed;
And the diskless system kernel file construction module is used for constructing a diskless system kernel file comprising the diskless operating system identical to the kernel of the operating system to be installed according to the kernel of the operating system to be installed.
According to the system for installing the operating system through the PXE, the diskless system kernel file which is built in advance in the TFTP server is obtained through the diskless system kernel file obtaining module, and the diskless system kernel file is guided and loaded and executed by the PXE guide file through the diskless operating system loading module, so that the diskless operating system is loaded for the PXE client. After the PXE client has the diskless operating system, the network card driver is installed through the diskless operating system in the network card driver installation module, after the installation of the network card driver is completed, an installation resource acquisition request is initiated to the HTTP server through the installation resource acquisition request sending module, and the installation resource is acquired through the installation resource acquisition module. And then installing an operating system on the PXE client based on the obtained installation resources through an operating system installation module. According to the embodiment of the invention, the loading of the network card drive can be carried out under the condition that the PXE client has no operating system and no network card drive, and the subsequent installation of the operating system can be carried out.
In a fourth aspect of the embodiments of the present invention, there is further provided an electronic device, including a processor, a communication interface, a memory, and a communication bus, where the processor, the communication interface, and the memory complete communication with each other through the communication bus;
A memory for storing a computer program;
and the processor is used for realizing the steps of the method for installing the operating system through PXE when executing the program stored on the memory.
In a fifth aspect of embodiments of the present invention, there is also provided a computer-readable storage medium having stored thereon a computer program which, when executed by a processor, implements a method of installing an operating system by PXE according to the first aspect of the present invention.
In the above embodiments, it may be implemented in whole or in part by software, hardware, firmware, or any combination thereof. When implemented in software, may be implemented in whole or in part in the form of a computer program product. The computer program product includes one or more computer instructions. When loaded and executed on a computer, produces a flow or function in accordance with embodiments of the present invention, in whole or in part. The computer may be a general purpose computer, a special purpose computer, a computer network, or other programmable apparatus. The computer instructions may be stored in or transmitted from one computer-readable storage medium to another, for example, by wired (e.g., coaxial cable, optical fiber, digital Subscriber Line (DSL)), or wireless (e.g., infrared, wireless, microwave, etc.). The computer readable storage medium may be any available medium that can be accessed by a computer or a data storage device such as a server, data center, etc. that contains an integration of one or more available media. The usable medium may be a magnetic medium (e.g., floppy disk, hard disk, tape), an optical medium (e.g., DVD), or a semiconductor medium (e.g., solid state disk Solid STATE DISK (SSD)), etc.
It is noted that relational terms such as first and second, and the like are used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order
There is any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements as well
Other elements not explicitly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus 0. Without further limitation, defined by the statement "include one
The element does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in a process, method, article or apparatus that comprises a described element.
Various embodiments in this specification are described in terms of their respective aspects, which are the same
Similar parts are seen with each other, and each embodiment focuses on a point that is different from the other embodiments by 5. In particular, for system embodiments, since it is substantially similar to method embodiments, the description is presented
The comparison is relatively simple, and the relevant points are found in the part of the description of the method embodiments.
The foregoing description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A method for installing an operating system through PXE, applied to a PXE client, the method comprising:
according to the kernel of the operating system to be installed, constructing a diskless system kernel file comprising a diskless operating system identical to the kernel of the operating system to be installed;
The method comprises the steps that a first acquisition request is sent to a TFTP server, and when the TFTP server determines that the first acquisition request is legal, a diskless system kernel file in the TFTP server is obtained, wherein the diskless system kernel file is obtained by expanding a preinstalled kernel providing a preinstalled environment, and at least comprises a shell program module, a make program module, a C language compiler and linux-devel;
Loading and executing the kernel file of the diskless system through a PXE guide file, and loading a diskless operating system, wherein the PXE guide file is returned to a PXE client when the TFTP server determines that a second acquisition request is legal based on information of the position of the PXE guide file in the second acquisition request, and the second acquisition request is sent to the TFTP server by the PXE client;
Installing a network card driver through the diskless operating system;
Sending an installation resource acquisition request to an HTTP server based on the network card driver;
According to the installation resource obtaining request, obtaining an installation resource in an HTTP server, wherein the installation resource is obtained from the HTTP server, and other various related files are obtained through a TFTP server;
And according to the installation resources, the PXE client needing to be installed with the operating system is guided through a PXE guide file, and the operating system is installed based on the received installation resources.
2. A method of installing an operating system via PXE as recited in claim 1, wherein the obtaining of the PXE boot file comprises:
The IP address and the PXE guide file address returned by the DHCP server are obtained through an IP address request sent to the DHCP server;
And obtaining the PXE guide file in the TFTP server through a second acquisition request sent to the TFTP server.
3. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein the loading and executing the diskless system kernel file by the PXE boot file loads a diskless operating system, comprising:
Acquiring a configuration file in a TFTP server through a third acquisition request sent to the TFTP server;
obtaining a kernel initial image file in a TFTP server through a fourth acquisition request sent to the TFTP server;
Reading the configuration file through the PXE guide file;
Loading a kernel initial image file through the configuration file to start a linux kernel;
And loading and executing the kernel file of the diskless system based on the started Linux so as to load the diskless operating system.
4. A method of installing an operating system via PXE, applied to a TFTP server, the method comprising:
according to the kernel of the operating system to be installed, constructing a diskless system kernel file comprising a diskless operating system identical to the kernel of the operating system to be installed;
According to a first acquisition request of a PXE client, when the first acquisition request is determined to be legal, a diskless system kernel file is sent to the PXE client, wherein the diskless system kernel file is obtained by expanding a preinstalled kernel providing a preinstalled environment, and at least comprises a shell program module, a make program module, a C language compiler and linux-devel;
The method comprises the steps that a PXE client loads and executes a diskless system kernel file through a PXE guide file to construct a diskless operating system of the PXE client, wherein the PXE guide file is returned to the PXE client when the position information of the PXE guide file in a second acquisition request is determined to be legal by the TFTP server, the second acquisition request is sent to the TFTP server by the PXE client, files required for loading the diskless operating system comprise a configuration file and a kernel initial mirror file, wherein the configuration file is used for loading the kernel initial mirror file under the guidance of the TFTP server, and loading of the diskless system kernel file is started by a linux kernel;
The PXE client installs a network card driver through the diskless operating system;
The PXE client sends an installation resource acquisition request to an HTTP server based on the network card driver;
The PXE client obtains the installation resource in the HTTP server according to the installation resource obtaining request;
and the PXE client performs installation of the operating system based on the received installation resource through the guidance of the PXE guide file according to the installation resource.
5. A method for installing an operating system via PXE as recited in claim 4, wherein the obtaining of the PXE boot file comprises:
The PXE client obtains an IP address returned by the DHCP server and a PXE guide file address through an IP address request sent to the DHCP server;
and sending the PXE guide file to the PXE client according to the second acquisition request of the PXE client.
6. The method as recited in claim 4, wherein the PXE client loads and executes the diskless system kernel file through a PXE boot file to build a diskless operating system of the PXE client, comprising:
according to the third acquisition request of the PXE client, sending a configuration file to the PXE client;
according to the fourth acquisition request of the PXE client, sending a kernel initial image file to the PXE client;
The PXE client reads the configuration file through the PXE guide file;
the PXE client loads a kernel initial mirror image file through the configuration file to start a linux kernel;
And the PXE client mounts and executes the diskless system kernel file based on the started Linux so as to load a diskless operating system.
7. A system for installing an operating system via PXE, the system comprising:
The system comprises a module for determining the kernel of the operating system to be installed, a module for constructing a diskless system kernel file comprising the diskless operating system identical to the kernel of the operating system to be installed according to the kernel of the operating system to be installed;
The system comprises a diskless system kernel file acquisition module, a first processing module and a second processing module, wherein the diskless system kernel file acquisition module is used for acquiring a diskless system kernel file in a TFTP server by sending a first acquisition request to the TFTP server and when the TFTP server determines that the first acquisition request is legal, the diskless system kernel file is obtained by expanding a preinstalled kernel providing a preinstalled environment, and the diskless system kernel file at least comprises a shell program module, a make program module, a C language compiler and a linux-devel;
The system comprises a diskless operating system loading module, a diskless operating system loading module and a loading module, wherein the diskless operating system loading module is used for loading and executing the diskless operating system kernel file through a PXE guide file, the PXE guide file is information of the position of the PXE guide file in a second acquisition request, when the second acquisition request is determined to be legal, the information is returned to a PXE client, the second acquisition request is sent to the TFTP server by the PXE client, files required for loading the diskless operating system comprise a configuration file and a kernel initial image file, the configuration file is used for loading the kernel initial image file under the guidance of the PXE guide file, and the configuration file is used for starting a linux kernel to load the diskless operating system kernel file;
The network card driver installation module is used for installing a network card driver through the diskless operating system;
The installation resource acquisition request sending module is used for sending an installation resource acquisition request to the HTTP server based on the network card driver;
the installation resource acquisition module is used for acquiring the installation resource in the HTTP server according to the installation resource acquisition request;
and the operating system installation module is used for guiding the PXE client needing operating system installation through the PXE guide file according to the installation resource, and installing the operating system based on the received installation resource.
8. The electronic equipment is characterized by comprising a processor, a communication interface, a memory and a communication bus, wherein the processor, the communication interface and the memory are communicated with each other through the communication bus;
A memory for storing a computer program;
a processor for implementing the steps of a method for installing an operating system by PXE as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3 when executing a program stored on a memory.
9. A computer readable storage medium having stored thereon a computer program which when executed by a processor implements a method of installing an operating system by PXE as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3.
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