CN116047103A - Ultra-fast speed measuring device based on ultra-short pulse laser and CCD shadow imaging - Google Patents
Ultra-fast speed measuring device based on ultra-short pulse laser and CCD shadow imaging Download PDFInfo
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- CN116047103A CN116047103A CN202310182484.5A CN202310182484A CN116047103A CN 116047103 A CN116047103 A CN 116047103A CN 202310182484 A CN202310182484 A CN 202310182484A CN 116047103 A CN116047103 A CN 116047103A
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- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 36
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- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 15
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- 229910019655 synthetic inorganic crystalline material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
- G01P3/00—Measuring linear or angular speed; Measuring differences of linear or angular speeds
- G01P3/36—Devices characterised by the use of optical means, e.g. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
- G01P3/00—Measuring linear or angular speed; Measuring differences of linear or angular speeds
- G01P3/36—Devices characterised by the use of optical means, e.g. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light
- G01P3/38—Devices characterised by the use of optical means, e.g. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light using photographic means
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/10—Nuclear fusion reactors
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Abstract
The invention discloses an ultra-fast speed measuring device based on ultra-short pulse laser and CCD shadow imaging, which comprises a laser irradiation sample, a first laser, a second laser, a synchronous trigger signal generator, a time delay platform, an image acquisition device and a computer, wherein the first laser is used for irradiating a sample; the first laser is used for emitting pumping laser; the second laser is used for emitting detection laser; the synchronous trigger signal generator is used for controlling the interval time of the laser emitted by the first laser and the second laser; the time delay platform is used for splitting the detection laser and sending the split detection laser to the laser irradiation sample; the image acquisition device is used for acquiring real-time images of the laser irradiation sample and transmitting the real-time images to the computer. The ultra-fast speed measuring device realizes accurate control of exposure time and sequence of the CCD camera and image acquisition of plasma, shock waves, material fragments and laser driving flyer through pump-probe light path design, beam splitting light path design and optical path difference accurate control.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of ultra-high speed measurement, and particularly relates to an ultra-high speed measurement device based on ultra-short pulse laser and CCD shadow imaging.
Background
Under the strong laser loading, various dynamic effects can be generated in the interaction process of the laser and the material, such as energy accumulation effect, multi-wavelength coupling effect, dynamic absorption effect, plasma shock wave effect and the like, and in the field of laser fine processing, the technology of utilizing plasma to perform shock strengthening on the material, cleaning the plasma shock wave and the like has been widely applied in recent years.
The laser-driven flyer technology also has important application in ground simulation research of the environmental effect of the space tiny fragments, and one of the key factors for measuring the quality of the laser-driven flyers is the speed of the flyers. Therefore, the method is particularly important for carrying out ultra-fast imaging on chips, flying chips, plasma shock waves and the like generated in the ultra-fast process and simultaneously carrying out high-precision speed measurement.
The traditional speed measuring device can not realize ultra-fast speed measurement on a moving object, although the photon Doppler speed measuring technology, the laser speed interferometer and other technologies can also realize the speed measuring effect with higher time resolution, the measurement accuracy depends on the reflectivity and the absorptivity of the measured object, and the high-accuracy measurement on the speed of chips such as plasma shock waves, laser-driven flyers and the like in the interaction process of strong laser and materials still has difficulty, while the latter has high price, complex data processing and limited recording length, and is not suitable for popularization and use in laboratories and scientific research.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problem of accurate measurement of the speed of high-speed moving objects such as plasmas, shock waves, material fragments, laser flyers and the like under the loading of strong laser, and provides an ultra-fast speed measuring device based on ultra-short pulse laser and CCD shadow imaging.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: an ultra-fast speed measuring device based on ultra-short pulse laser and CCD shadow imaging comprises a laser irradiation sample, a first laser, a second laser, a synchronous trigger signal generator, a time delay platform, an image acquisition device and a computer;
the first laser is used for emitting pumping laser; the second laser is used for emitting detection laser; the synchronous trigger signal generator is used for controlling the interval time of the laser emitted by the first laser and the second laser; the time delay platform is used for splitting the detection laser and sending the split detection laser to the laser irradiation sample; the image acquisition device is used for acquiring a real-time image of the laser irradiation sample and transmitting the real-time image to the computer; the computer is used for storing the real-time image.
Further, the first laser adopts a Nd-YAG nanosecond laser; the second laser adopts a titanium precious stone femtosecond laser.
Further, a lens is arranged between the laser irradiation sample and the first laser;
the lens is used for focusing the pump laser emitted by the first laser on the laser irradiation sample.
Further, the time delay platform comprises a first energy regulator, a second energy regulator, a third energy regulator, a fourth energy regulator, a fifth energy regulator, a first spectroscope, a second spectroscope, a third spectroscope, a fourth spectroscope, a fifth spectroscope, a sixth spectroscope, a seventh spectroscope, an eighth spectroscope, a ninth spectroscope, a tenth spectroscope, a beam expander and a filter;
the first spectroscope, the second spectroscope, the third spectroscope, the fourth spectroscope and the fifth spectroscope are used for splitting the detection laser; the first energy regulator, the second energy regulator, the third energy regulator, the fourth energy regulator and the fifth energy regulator are used for regulating the laser energy after passing through each spectroscope so that the intensity of each laser beam irradiated at the sample is consistent; the sixth spectroscope, the seventh spectroscope, the eighth spectroscope, the ninth spectroscope and the tenth spectroscope are used for combining the split laser beams, and the split laser beams sequentially pass through a beam expander and a filter to reach a laser irradiation sample.
Further, the beam expander includes a concave lens and a convex lens; the beam expander is used for expanding the split laser beam into a cylindrical or rectangular beam.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: the ultra-fast speed measuring device realizes accurate control of exposure time and sequence of the CCD camera and image acquisition of plasma, shock waves, material fragments and laser driving flyer through pump-probe light path design, beam splitting light path design and optical path difference accurate control. And moreover, a plurality of transient positions of the same high-speed moving object at different moments can be recorded by utilizing a single image, so that the average speed of the high-speed moving object at any two calibration moments can be obtained, and the method has the advantages of high measurement precision, repeatable process, capability of simultaneously measuring multiple objects, simultaneous imaging and speed measurement, simple structure and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an ultra-fast speed measurement device;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the optical path of an ultra-fast speed measuring device based on a twin laser;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the optical path of an ultra-fast speed measurement device based on a single laser;
in the figure, 1, a lens; 2-1, a first energy conditioner; 2-2, a second energy conditioner; 2-3, a third energy conditioner; 2-4, a fourth energy conditioner; 2-5, a fifth energy conditioner; 3-1, a first spectroscope; 3-2, a second beam splitter; 3-3, a third spectroscope; 3-4, a fourth spectroscope; 3-5, a fifth spectroscope; 3-6, a sixth spectroscope; 3-7, a seventh spectroscope; 3-8, eighth spectroscope; 3-9, a ninth spectroscope; 3-10 tenth light mirror; 4. a beam expander; 5. a filter; 6. a beam splitter; 7. a reflecting mirror.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention are further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in FIG. 1, the invention provides an ultra-fast speed measuring device based on ultra-short pulse laser and CCD shadow imaging, which comprises a laser irradiation sample, a first laser, a second laser, a synchronous trigger signal generator, a time delay platform, an image acquisition device and a computer;
the first laser is used for emitting pumping laser; the second laser is used for emitting detection laser; the synchronous trigger signal generator is used for controlling the interval time of the laser emitted by the first laser and the second laser; the time delay platform is used for splitting the detection laser and sending the split detection laser to the laser irradiation sample; the image acquisition device is used for acquiring a real-time image of the laser irradiation sample and transmitting the real-time image to the computer; the computer is used for storing the real-time image.
The sync trigger signal generator is configured as model DG645. The image acquisition device was configured as model Princeton Instruments, ES3200 with 20-fold microobjective for image acquisition.
In the embodiment of the invention, a first laser adopts an Nd-YAG nanosecond laser; the second laser adopts a titanium precious stone femtosecond laser.
The first laser is configured as a Nd-doped YAG (neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet) nanosecond laser capable of emitting pulse laser light with three wavelengths of 1064nm, 532nm and 355nm, and focusing the laser light on a sample through the lens 1; the second laser is configured as a titanium precious stone femtosecond laser, can generate 800nm femtosecond detection laser, passes through a time delay platform, and then images a sample area through a beam expander 4, so that single and multiple time-delayed sample area image acquisition can be realized.
In the embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 2, a lens 1 is provided between the laser irradiation sample and the first laser;
the lens 1 is used to focus the pump laser light emitted from the first laser on the laser-irradiated sample.
In the embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 2, the time delay platform includes a first energy adjuster 2-1, a second energy adjuster 2-2, a third energy adjuster 2-3, a fourth energy adjuster 2-4, a fifth energy adjuster 2-5, a first beam splitter 3-1, a second beam splitter 3-2, a third beam splitter 3-3, a fourth beam splitter 3-4, a fifth beam splitter 3-5, a sixth beam splitter 3-6, a seventh beam splitter 3-7, an eighth beam splitter 3-8, a ninth beam splitter 3-9, a tenth beam splitter 3-10, a beam expander 4, and a filter 5;
the first spectroscope 3-1, the second spectroscope 3-2, the third spectroscope 3-3, the fourth spectroscope 3-4 and the fifth spectroscope 3-5 are used for splitting the detection laser; the first energy regulator 2-1, the second energy regulator 2-2, the third energy regulator 2-3, the fourth energy regulator 2-4 and the fifth energy regulator 2-5 are used for regulating the laser energy after passing through each spectroscope so that the intensity of each laser beam irradiated at the sample is consistent; the sixth spectroscope 3-6, the seventh spectroscope 3-7, the eighth spectroscope 3-8, the ninth spectroscope 3-9 and the tenth spectroscope 3-10 are used for combining the split laser beams, and the split laser beams sequentially pass through the beam expander 4 and the filter 5 to reach the laser irradiation sample.
The time delay stage is configured to be composed of 10 spectrolenses that divide the detection laser into a plurality of beams so that an optical path difference is generated for every two beams of laser light, thereby delaying the generation time of the detection laser light reaching the laser irradiation sample, and 5 energy adjusters that keep the laser light intensity after passing through the spectrolenses substantially the same. In the embodiment of the present invention, the beam expander 4 includes a concave lens and a convex lens; the beam expander 4 is used for expanding the split laser beam into a cylindrical or rectangular beam, so as to facilitate exposure of a sample area.
In the embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1-2, the first laser generates pump laser, the output nanosecond pump laser is focused on the sample surface through the lens 1, and the process generates a time t 0 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The second laser is used as detection light, the output femtosecond detection laser generates two beams of detection light through the first spectroscope 3-1, one beam of detection light reaches the sixth spectroscope 3-6 through the first energy regulator 2-1, the other beam of detection light is separated into two beams of laser again after reaching the second spectroscope 3-2, one beam of detection light reaches the seventh spectroscope 3-7 through the second energy regulator 2-2 and then is reflected to the sixth spectroscope 3-6, at the moment, the two beams of laser beams are combined and then are irradiated onto a laser irradiation sample together after passing through the beam expander 4, thus the fact that the two beams of detection laser generate optical path difference when passing through the delay platform is known, the time when the two beams of detection laser reach the sample is successively divided into t respectively 1 And t 2 Time difference Δt=t between two probe lights 1 -t 2 . The rest of the spectroscopically detected light is finally irradiated to the sample according to the sequence, and the generated time difference is delta t ', delta t' … … in sequence
After the same beam of pumping laser irradiates the sample, the probe laser is divided into a plurality of laser pulses with controllable time intervals, the laser pulses with specific time intervals sequentially pass through an experimental area containing a target to be measured, and then the CCD completes one complete exposure; if the background of the imaging experimental area is clean enough, the position information of the speed measuring target at a plurality of moments can be obtained; through length calibration, the average speed of the target at any two moments can be calculated.
Each beam of detection laser exposes the sample area when reaching the laser irradiation sample, and the photosensitive element in the image acquisition device acquires and transmits the image information carrying the sample area to the computer for storage. When the pump laser interacts with the sample, the two lasers can be controlled by the synchronous trigger signal generator so as to realize ultra-fast imaging in the interaction process of the pump laser and the sample. The average speed of the ultra-fast process can be calculated by measuring the distance between the two images within the corresponding delta t
The time difference delta t generated by the detection light after passing through the optical delay platform is controlled by the delay distance of the optical delay platform, and the optical path difference of the two detection lights is controlled, so that the time difference that the two detection lights reach the surface of the sample is realized; the time of the interaction process of the pump light on the detection sample and the sample can be controlled by the synchronous trigger signal generator.
It should be noted that the time accuracy in this embodiment is mainly affected by the Jetter values of the laser and the controller. In this embodiment, a dual laser is used, one is used as excitation light to interact with the sample, and the other is used as ultrafast detection laser, and this embodiment is mainly used for measuring a long delay time, for example, greater than 100ns, and requires a spatial optical path difference of 30 m. The method has the advantages that the method can excite and detect the rule of large delay time; the disadvantage is that two lasers add to the cost.
In the embodiment of the invention, as shown in fig. 3, the embodiment is a single laser optical delay ultrashort pulse laser shadow imaging ultrafast speed measuring device. The laser output by the laser is divided into two beams of laser after passing through a spectroscope 6, one beam of laser is reflected by a reflecting mirror 7, and then is converged by a lens 1 to act on a sample and interact with the sample; the other beam is used as detection light, reflected by the reflector 7, and after passing through the optical delay platform, the other beam is used as detection light to expose the sample area, and then the image acquisition device and the computer store and analyze the acquired images with time delay.
It should be noted that, the advantages of this embodiment are: firstly, one laser is reduced, and the operation cost is low; second, the time delay between the excitation light and the detection light can be precisely controlled. The disadvantage is that the maximum delay of detection is limited by the spatial distance of the laboratory.
In the embodiment of the invention, the multi-beam splitting and delaying performed by the optical delay line (optical delay platform) can also be performed by adopting optical fibers with different lengths, and the optical path difference can still be realized. But laser needs to be coupled into an optical fiber, collimated after being transmitted through the optical fiber, and dispersion can be generated by ultra-short pulse laser after being transmitted through the optical fiber.
In the embodiment of the invention, the pump laser which interacts with the material can be replaced by other energy sources (such as electron beam, particle beam, hydrogen gun, impact, explosion and the like), and the probe light is not necessarily laser, but can also be electromagnetic waves in other forms.
Those of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that the embodiments described herein are for the purpose of aiding the reader in understanding the principles of the present invention and should be understood that the scope of the invention is not limited to such specific statements and embodiments. Those of ordinary skill in the art can make various other specific modifications and combinations from the teachings of the present disclosure without departing from the spirit thereof, and such modifications and combinations remain within the scope of the present disclosure.
Claims (5)
1. An ultra-fast speed measuring device based on ultra-short pulse laser and CCD shadow imaging is characterized by comprising a laser irradiation sample, a first laser, a second laser, a synchronous trigger signal generator, a time delay platform, an image acquisition device and a computer;
the first laser is used for emitting pumping laser; the second laser is used for emitting detection laser; the synchronous trigger signal generator is used for controlling the interval time of the laser emitted by the first laser and the second laser; the time delay platform is used for splitting the detection laser and sending the split detection laser to a laser irradiation sample; the image acquisition device is used for acquiring a real-time image of the laser irradiation sample and transmitting the real-time image to the computer; the computer is used for storing the real-time image.
2. The ultra-fast speed measurement device based on ultra-short pulse laser and CCD shadow imaging according to claim 1, wherein the first laser is a YAG nanosecond laser; the second laser adopts a titanium precious stone femtosecond laser.
3. The ultra-fast speed measurement device based on ultra-short pulse laser and CCD shadow imaging according to claim 1, wherein a lens (1) is arranged between the laser irradiation sample and the first laser;
the lens (1) is used for focusing the pumping laser emitted by the first laser on the laser irradiation sample.
4. The ultra-fast speed measurement device based on ultra-short pulse laser and CCD shadow imaging according to claim 1, wherein the time delay platform includes a first energy adjuster (2-1), a second energy adjuster (2-2), a third energy adjuster (2-3), a fourth energy adjuster (2-4), a fifth energy adjuster (2-5), a first spectroscope (3-1), a second spectroscope (3-2), a third spectroscope (3-3), a fourth spectroscope (3-4), a fifth spectroscope (3-5), a sixth spectroscope (3-6), a seventh spectroscope (3-7), an eighth spectroscope (3-8), a ninth spectroscope (3-9), a tenth spectroscope (3-10), a beam expander (4), and a filter (5);
the first spectroscope (3-1), the second spectroscope (3-2), the third spectroscope (3-3), the fourth spectroscope (3-4) and the fifth spectroscope (3-5) are used for splitting detection laser; the first energy regulator (2-1), the second energy regulator (2-2), the third energy regulator (2-3), the fourth energy regulator (2-4) and the fifth energy regulator (2-5) are used for regulating the laser energy after passing through each spectroscope so that the intensity of each laser beam irradiated at the sample is consistent; the sixth spectroscope (3-6), the seventh spectroscope (3-7), the eighth spectroscope (3-8), the ninth spectroscope (3-9) and the tenth spectroscope (3-10) are used for combining the split laser beams, and the split laser beams sequentially pass through the beam expander (4) and the filter (5) to reach a laser irradiation sample.
5. The ultra-fast speed measurement device based on ultra-short pulse laser and CCD shadow imaging according to claim 4, wherein the beam expander (4) comprises a concave lens and a convex lens; the beam expander (4) is used for expanding the split laser beam into a cylindrical or rectangular beam.
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| CN202310182484.5A CN116047103A (en) | 2023-02-28 | 2023-02-28 | Ultra-fast speed measuring device based on ultra-short pulse laser and CCD shadow imaging |
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| CN202310182484.5A CN116047103A (en) | 2023-02-28 | 2023-02-28 | Ultra-fast speed measuring device based on ultra-short pulse laser and CCD shadow imaging |
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