CN116042328A - 去污增效组合物、洗涤剂和洗涤凝珠 - Google Patents
去污增效组合物、洗涤剂和洗涤凝珠 Download PDFInfo
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- CN116042328A CN116042328A CN202310133801.4A CN202310133801A CN116042328A CN 116042328 A CN116042328 A CN 116042328A CN 202310133801 A CN202310133801 A CN 202310133801A CN 116042328 A CN116042328 A CN 116042328A
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- Prior art keywords
- detergent
- acid
- fatty alcohol
- surfactant
- sodium
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- LNTHITQWFMADLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N gallic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C1 LNTHITQWFMADLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 21
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- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 19
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- REFJWTPEDVJJIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Quercetin Chemical compound C=1C(O)=CC(O)=C(C(C=2O)=O)C=1OC=2C1=CC=C(O)C(O)=C1 REFJWTPEDVJJIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
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- CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N Sucrose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
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Abstract
本发明涉及日用化工品领域，提供一种去污增效组合物、洗涤剂和洗涤凝珠。所述去污增效组合物包括表面活性剂、酶制剂和增效剂；所述表面活性剂与增效剂的质量比为10:1‑1:4；所述表面活性剂为脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚、脂肪醇聚氧乙烯‑丙烯醚中的一种或多种，其中脂肪醇的脂肪烃基为饱和的或不饱和的C8‑C15的直链或支链烃基；所述增效剂为尿素、亚硫酸氢钠、茶多酚、蔗糖、没食子酸、九水合硅酸钠、苯甲酸、亚硫酸钠、木糖醇、槲皮素、黄芩苷、硫酸钠、聚乙二醇400‑8000中的一种或多种。本发明的去污增效组合物可用于大部分的洗涤剂配方中，提高对干结米渍等淀粉类污渍的去除能力。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及日用化工品领域，尤其涉及一种去污增效组合物、洗涤剂和洗涤凝珠。
背景技术
随着生活水平的提高，生活节奏的加快，洗碗机走进越来越多的家庭。相较传统的餐具清洗方式，洗碗机既能节省人力时间，又减少水资源浪费，对餐具具有清洗、漂洗、消毒和烘干等功能，可以充分满足人们从简单重复的家务劳动中解放出来的需求。
常见洗碗机的工作原理是通过高温高压水流对餐具表面进行360°机械冲刷，以及洗涤剂对餐具表面油污和残渣的皂化与分解，加之热水对食物残渣的浸泡澎化，使得油污和残渣迅速分解与脱落，并达到清洁与除菌的双重效果。目前市面常见的洗碗机洗涤剂主要包括洗碗液、洗碗粉、洗碗块、洗碗凝珠等。其中，洗碗粉、洗碗块、洗碗液由于剂型限制，活性物含量相对较低，不能满足消费者日益增加的清洁需求。因此，分腔/多腔洗碗凝珠一定程度上解决了这个问题。
但是，目前市面所售的洗碗凝珠，主要是依靠淀粉酶对淀粉类污渍进行分解，但是由于淀粉酶的稳定性较差，因此对干结米渍等淀粉类污渍的去除效果并不理想，另外，淀粉酶的价格较高导致产品成本较高。不尽如人意的淀粉类污渍去除能力以及较高的价格，使消费者体验感差，从而影响了洗碗机的市场扩大。
发明内容
本发明旨在至少解决相关技术中存在的技术问题之一。为此，本发明提出一种去污增效组合物，用于增强洗涤剂对干结米渍等淀粉类污渍的去除效果。
本发明还提出一种洗涤剂。
本发明还提出一种洗涤凝珠。
根据本发明第一方面实施例的去污增效组合物，包括表面活性剂、酶制剂和增效剂；所述表面活性剂与所述增效剂的质量比为10:1-1:4；
所述表面活性剂为脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚、脂肪醇聚氧乙烯-丙烯醚中的一种或多种，其中脂肪醇的脂肪烃基为饱和的或不饱和的C8-C15的直链或支链烃基；
所述增效剂为尿素、亚硫酸氢钠、茶多酚、蔗糖、没食子酸、九水合硅酸钠、苯甲酸、亚硫酸钠、木糖醇、槲皮素、黄芩苷、硫酸钠、聚乙二醇400-8000中的一种或多种。
根据本发明实施例的去污增效组合物，其中增效剂可以与淀粉发生作用，促进淀粉污渍的溶胀及洗脱，但是，单独添加增效剂效果不显著，通过将增效剂与特定的表面活性剂以及酶制剂配伍，可以明显地增强去除淀粉类污渍的能力。
根据本发明的一些实施例，所述增效剂为尿素、蔗糖、没食子酸、亚硫酸钠中的一种或多种，更优选为尿素和没食子酸。
根据本发明的一些实施例，所述脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚和所述脂肪醇聚氧乙烯-丙烯醚的聚合度均为3-50。
根据本发明的一些实施例，所述脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚和所述脂肪醇聚氧乙烯-丙烯醚的分子量均在500-8000之间。
根据本发明的一些实施例，所述表面活性剂、所述酶制剂和所述增效剂的质量比为(5～20)：(1～10):(2～10)。
根据本发明的一些实施例，所述酶制剂包括质量比为5:1-1:5的淀粉酶和蛋白酶。
根据本发明的一些实施例，所述去污增效组合物包括以下重量份计的组分：表面活性剂5-20份、淀粉酶1-5份、蛋白酶1-5份、尿素和没食子酸共2-10份。
根据本发明第二方面实施例的洗涤剂，包括上述任一去污增效组合物。进一步地，所述去污增效组合物在所述洗涤剂中的重量百分比为10-40％。
根据本发明实施例的洗涤剂，由于其采用了上述去污增效组合物，故而洗涤剂整体去除淀粉类污渍的能力大大提升。
根据本发明的一些实施例，以重量百分比计，所述洗涤剂中还含有0.1-30％的抗沉积阻垢分散剂，所述抗沉积阻垢分散剂选自分子结构中包含羧基、烷基、磺酸基、氨基、羟基中至少一种基团的均聚/共聚高分子化合物，所述高分子化合物的分子量在2000-20000之间。
根据本发明的一些实施例，以重量百分比计，所述洗涤剂中还含有0.1-30％氨基酸衍生物螯合剂，所述氨基酸衍生物螯合剂包含甲基甘氨酸二乙酸、谷氨酸二乙酸、N,N-二羧酸氨基-2-羟基丙烷基磺酸、3-羟基-2,2’-亚氨酸二琥珀酸及其碱金属盐或铵盐中的一种或多种。
根据本发明的一些实施例，以重量百分比计，所述洗涤剂中还含有5-30％的氧化剂，所述氧化剂选自碱金属和碱土金属过氧化物、过氧化氢、过氧酸盐和有机过氧化物中的一种或几种。
根据本发明的一些实施例，所述洗涤剂中还含有碱性助剂，所述碱性助剂中氧元素含量占所述洗涤剂的重量百分比为0.1-50％；所述碱性助剂为碳酸钠、碳酸钾、氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、碳酸氢钠、硅酸钠中的一种或多种。
根据本发明的一些实施例，在与其余组分不矛盾冲突的情况下，所述洗涤剂还可以包括其他助剂。所述其他助剂主要包括香精、缓蚀剂、增稠剂、色素、色彩稳定剂、珠光粉、防腐剂、pH调节剂、抗菌剂、消泡剂、彩色颗粒中的一种或者多种。
根据本发明第三方面实施例的洗涤凝珠，其内容物为上述洗涤剂。所述洗涤凝珠为分腔洗涤凝珠。
本发明实施例中的上述一个或多个技术方案，至少具有如下技术效果之一：
本发明的去污增效组合物可用于大部分的洗涤剂配方中，能够促进活性物质对干结米渍等淀粉类污渍的溶胀分解，从而有效提高对淀粉类污渍的去除能力。
进一步的，将包含本发明去污增效组合物的洗涤剂制成洗碗机用洗涤凝珠，可以增强洗碗机对干结米渍等淀粉类污渍的洗净能力，从而满足用户使用较短时序清洗即实现良好洗净力的需求。
本发明的附加方面和优点将在下面的描述中部分给出，部分将从下面的描述中变得明显，或通过本发明的实践了解到。
附图说明
图1为干结米渍洗净力测试中洗前和洗后照片对比。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明的实施方式作进一步详细描述。以下实施例用于说明本发明，但不能用来限制本发明的范围。
在本说明书的描述中，参考术语“一个实施例”、“一些实施例”、“示例”、“具体示例”、或“一些示例”等的描述意指结合该实施例或示例描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点包含于本发明实施例的至少一个实施例或示例中。在本说明书中，对上述术语的示意性表述不必须针对的是相同的实施例或示例。而且，描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点可以在任一个或多个实施例或示例中以合适的方式结合。此外，在不相互矛盾的情况下，本领域的技术人员可以将本说明书中描述的不同实施例或示例以及不同实施例或示例的特征进行结合和组合。
本发明实施例的去污增效组合物，包括表面活性剂、酶制剂和增效剂；所述表面活性剂为脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚、脂肪醇聚氧乙烯-丙烯醚中的一种或多种，其中脂肪醇的脂肪烃基为饱和的或不饱和的C8-C15的直链或支链烃基；所述增效剂为尿素、亚硫酸氢钠、茶多酚、蔗糖、没食子酸、九水合硅酸钠、苯甲酸、亚硫酸钠、木糖醇、槲皮素、黄芩苷、硫酸钠、聚乙二醇400-8000中的一种或多种；所述表面活性剂与所述增效剂的质量比为10:1-1:4。
本发明的去污增效组合物中，增效剂可以与淀粉发生相互作用，促进淀粉污渍的溶胀及洗脱，但是，实验结果是单独添加增效剂效果不显著，即使加大用量效果也一般。本发明通过大量研究发现，将增效剂与特定的表面活性剂以及酶制剂配伍，可以明显地增强去除淀粉类污渍的能力。洗碗机专用洗涤剂通常选用聚醚类低泡、甚至无泡的表面活性剂，在机洗专用洗涤剂中更多是起到表面润湿作用。本发明主要通过筛选添加脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚和脂肪醇聚氧乙烯-丙烯醚类高效表面活性剂，不再只是简单地提供润湿作用，还能够促进增效剂、酶制剂等活性物质对淀粉污垢的渗透、溶胀、乳化分解，从而提高对干结米渍等顽固淀粉渍的去除能力。
本发明所述酶制剂包含蛋白酶、淀粉酶、脂肪酶、酯酶、纤维素酶、甘露聚糖酶、还原酶中的一种或多种，其具有催化作用，可定向分解污渍。由于针对的是淀粉类污渍，为了更好地去除，本发明的一些实施例中所述酶制剂至少包含淀粉酶和蛋白酶。
根据本发明的一些实施例，所述增效剂为尿素、蔗糖、没食子酸、亚硫酸钠中的一种或多种，更优选为尿素和没食子酸。
根据本发明的一些实施例，所述脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚和所述脂肪醇聚氧乙烯-丙烯醚的聚合度均为3-50；所述脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚和所述脂肪醇聚氧乙烯-丙烯醚的分子量均在500-8000之间。
进一步限定脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚和脂肪醇聚氧乙烯-丙烯醚的聚合度和分子量，即限定表面活性剂(当表面活性剂有多种时，其中每种表面活性剂)的聚合度和分子量在上述范围内，具有合适的HLB值，介于8-15之间，可以起到很好的润湿、乳化、去污效果。
根据本发明的一些实施例，所述表面活性剂、所述酶制剂和所述增效剂的质量比为(5～20)：(1～10):(2～10)。
为了使增效剂尽可能发挥其作用，本发明中表面活性剂的用量高于常规用量。
根据本发明的一些实施例，所述酶制剂包括质量比为5:1-1:5的淀粉酶和蛋白酶。
本发明所述淀粉酶是主要来自地衣芽孢杆菌、解淀粉芽孢杆菌或者噬热脂肪芽孢杆菌的α-淀粉酶和/或来自大麦、小麦、甘薯、大豆等高等作物的β-淀粉酶和/或来自米曲霉、酵母菌、木霉、米根霉中的γ-淀粉酶(葡萄糖淀粉酶)。
本发明所述蛋白酶优选为微生物来源。包括化学修饰的突变体或蛋白质工程化的突变体。它可以是碱性蛋白酶，例如丝氨酸蛋白酶或金属蛋白酶，其中丝氨酸蛋白酶可以是胰蛋白酶或枯草杆菌蛋白酶，金属蛋白酶可以是嗜热菌蛋白酶或其他金属蛋白酶。
上述酶能够从淀粉链不同位点进行切割，尤其是1,4-和/或1,6-糖苷键，最终能够将支链/直链淀粉(糊精)分解为葡萄糖。将它们以上述质量比复配，分解效果较优。
根据本发明的一些实施例，所述去污增效组合物包括以下重量份计的组分：表面活性剂5-20份、淀粉酶1-5份、蛋白酶1-5份、尿素和没食子酸共2-10份。
第二方面，本发明实施例提供一种洗涤剂，包括上述任一去污增效组合物。进一步地，所述去污增效组合物在所述洗涤剂中的重量百分比为10-40％。
根据本发明实施例的洗涤剂，由于其采用了上述去污增效组合物，故而洗涤剂整体去除淀粉类污渍的能力大大提升。
根据本发明的一些实施例，以重量百分比计，所述洗涤剂中还含有0.1-30％的氨基酸衍生物螯合剂，所述氨基酸衍生物螯合剂包含甲基甘氨酸二乙酸、谷氨酸二乙酸、N,N-二羧酸氨基-2-羟基丙烷基磺酸、3-羟基-2,2’-亚氨酸二琥珀酸及其碱金属盐或铵盐中的一种或多种。
本发明选用氨基酸衍生物螯合剂，如GLDA与MGDA生物易降解通过OECD 301D测试，28天的生物降解率超过80％。从GHS最新分类，这两款绿色螯合剂也没EDTA与NTA的危害标识(胸前爆炸标志)，这其中GLDA以味精为原料，48％重量比来自于天然植物产品，是目前羧酸基螯合剂中，唯一有一半碳原子是来自天然的碳原子。其螯合性能也比较强，与EDTA和NTA一样都是强效螯合剂，可以有效去除键结淀粉污渍的“钙键”。
根据本发明的一些实施例，以重量百分比计，所述洗涤剂中还含有0.1-30％的抗沉积阻垢分散剂，所述抗沉积阻垢分散剂选自分子结构中包含羧基、烷基、磺酸基、氨基、羟基中至少一种基团的均聚/共聚高分子化合物，所述高分子化合物的分子量在2000-20000之间。示例性地，所述抗沉积阻垢分散剂可以为马来酸/丙烯酸共聚物钠盐、马来酸/烯烃共聚物钠盐、聚丙烯酸/磺酸共聚物钠盐和聚丙烯酸钠盐中的至少一种或两种以上的混合物，其中优选马来酸/丙烯酸共聚物钠盐，它们在洗涤剂中的重量百分比进一步优选为5-20％。
根据本发明的一些实施例，所述清洁剂中还含有碱性助剂，所述碱性助剂中氧元素含量占所述清洁剂的重量百分比为0.1-50％；所述碱性助剂为碳酸钠、碳酸钾、氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、碳酸氢钠、硅酸钠中的一种或多种。碱性助剂具有皂化油脂的能力。
根据本发明的一些实施例，以重量百分比计，所述洗涤剂中还含有5-30％的氧化剂，所述氧化剂选自碱金属和碱土金属过氧化物、过氧化氢、过氧酸盐和有机过氧化物中的一种或几种。
根据本发明的一些实施例，在与其余组分不矛盾冲突的情况下，所述洗涤剂还可以包括其他助剂。所述其他助剂主要包括香精、缓蚀剂、增稠剂、色素、色彩稳定剂、珠光粉、防腐剂、pH调节剂、抗菌剂、消泡剂、彩色颗粒中的一种或者多种。
其中，消泡剂优选为聚硅氧烷消泡剂，包含二甲基硅氧烷、苯基硅氧烷、氨基封端硅氧烷中的一种或多种。
色素包含染料和颜料，可为本领域允许在洗涤产品中应用的所有色素，合适的例子如酸性大红G，碱性品红，酸性金黄G，酸性嫩黄G，碱性蛋黄，直接耐晒蓝B2RL，靛青等。
根据本发明的一些实施例，以重量百分比计，所述洗涤剂包括以下组分：
去污增效组合物10-40％；
抗沉积阻垢分散剂5-20％；
氨基酸衍生物螯合剂0.1-30％；
氧化剂5-30％；
碱性助剂0.1-50％
其他助剂0.1-30％。
第三方面，本发明实施例提供一种洗涤凝珠，其内容物为上述洗涤剂。所述洗涤凝珠为分腔洗涤凝珠，在本发明份具体实施例中，所述洗碗凝珠分为3个腔室，其中碱性助剂、氧化剂、金属离子螯合剂、酶制剂、抗沉积阻垢分散剂、消泡剂、pH调节剂、彩色粒子、香精等在粉体腔中；表面活性剂，去污增效组合物、增稠剂、香精，色素、抗菌剂在一个液体腔中；缓蚀剂、螯合剂，防腐剂，增稠剂、色素，香精等在另一个液体腔中。
洗碗机洗涤剂主要包括洗碗液、洗碗粉、洗碗块、洗碗凝珠等剂型。本发明的洗涤剂由于表面活性剂等用量较大，故制成分腔洗涤凝珠较为合适。
本发明实施例提供的洗涤剂，其制备方法为本领域常规方法。制作成洗涤凝珠时，将分属于各腔室的组分分别进行混合，然后采用制作凝珠的常规方法制成洗涤凝珠。
本发明的洗涤剂的使用方法是本领域技术人员所熟知的，典型的使用方法是将具体的洗涤剂以不稀释的方式或稀释在水中的方式，和被洗涤物件的表面接触，然后漂洗被洗涤物件的表面。优选地，被洗涤物件在上述接触步骤和漂洗步骤之间进行洗涤步骤。洗涤步骤包括但不限于擦洗和机械搅拌。所述洗涤剂在水中浓度约为500ppm至10000ppm，水温优选为5℃至约60℃。水与被洗涤物件的比率优选为约1:1至约300:1。当然，本发明的洗涤剂也可以根据洗碗机的具体操作说明中关于洗涤剂添加的描述部分进行使用。
下面将介绍具体实施例。
实施例1-4
实施例1-4分别提供一种洗涤剂组合物，其配方组成如表1所示(表中为重量百分比，单位％)。
表1
注：Lutensol TO 5为巴斯夫公司异构脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚5原料的商品牌号，DOWFAXTM 20B102美国陶氏乙氧基化丁氧基化C12-16直链脂肪醇的商品牌号，Sokalan CP5是巴斯夫马丙共聚物的商品牌号。
对比例1-4
对比例1-4分别提供一种洗涤剂组合物(需说明的是，本发明设计的对比例主要是为体现不同配方下的结果，并不意味着所示洗涤剂组合物一定不在本发明保护范围内)，其配方组成如表2所示，其制备方法同实施例。
表2
性能测试
1、标准污渍的洗净力测试
评价方法：执行GB 38383-2019《洗碗机能效水效限定值及等级》，洗碗机型号：Miele-G1222SC标准洗碗机，清洁剂用量：13g。测试程序:EN/IEC，装载容量：12套。测试结果如下表所示。
表3
结果表明，在多种不同的标准餐具上，对于标准污渍(黄油、菠菜、肉末、鸡蛋、燕麦粥、牛奶、红茶)，实施例所得产品均有较好的洗净力。
2、干结米渍的洗净力测试
采用节能洗涤程序进行干结米渍的洗净力测试，结果如下表所示，洗前及洗后照片如图1所示，其中，实施例1-4基本清洗干净，对比例1-4中有米渍残留，红圈标出。
表4
| 实施例1 | 实施例2 | 实施例3 | 实施例4 | 对比例1 | 对比例2 | 对比例3 | 对比例4 | |
| 洗净值 | 5.0分 | 5.0分 | 5.0分 | 5.0分 | 3.6分 | 4.3分 | 3.8分 | 4.8分 |
注：干结米渍洗净值打分为1-5分，分值越高表明清洗的越干净。
最后应说明的是，以上实施方式仅用于说明本发明，而非对本发明的限制。尽管参照实施例对本发明进行了详细说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解，对本发明的技术方案进行各种组合、修改或者等同替换，都不脱离本发明技术方案的精神和范围，均应涵盖在本发明的权利要求范围中。
Claims (10)
1.一种去污增效组合物，其特征在于，包括表面活性剂、酶制剂和增效剂；所述表面活性剂与所述增效剂的质量比为10:1-1:4；
所述表面活性剂为脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚、脂肪醇聚氧乙烯-丙烯醚中的一种或多种，其中脂肪醇的脂肪烃基为饱和的或不饱和的C8-C15的直链或支链烃基；
所述增效剂为尿素、亚硫酸氢钠、茶多酚、蔗糖、没食子酸、九水合硅酸钠、苯甲酸、亚硫酸钠、木糖醇、槲皮素、黄芩苷、硫酸钠、聚乙二醇400-8000中的一种或多种。
2.根据权利要求1所述的去污增效组合物，其特征在于，所述增效剂为尿素、蔗糖、没食子酸、亚硫酸钠中的一种或多种，优选为尿素和没食子酸。
3.根据权利要求1所述的去污增效组合物，其特征在于，所述脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚和所述脂肪醇聚氧乙烯-丙烯醚的聚合度均为3-50；
和/或，所述脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚和所述脂肪醇聚氧乙烯-丙烯醚的分子量均在500-8000之间。
4.根据权利要求1-3任一项所述的去污增效组合物，其特征在于，所述表面活性剂、所述酶制剂和所述增效剂的质量比为(5～20)：(1～10):(2～10)。
5.根据权利要求4所述的去污增效组合物，其特征在于，所述酶制剂包括质量比为5:1-1:5的淀粉酶和蛋白酶。
6.根据权利要求5所述的去污增效组合物，其特征在于，所述去污增效组合物包括以下重量份计的组分：表面活性剂5-20份、淀粉酶1-5份、蛋白酶1-5份、尿素和没食子酸共2-10份。
7.一种洗涤剂，其特征在于，包括权利要求1-6任一项所述的去污增效组合物，所述去污增效组合物在所述洗涤剂中的重量百分比为10-40％。
8.根据权利要求7所述的洗涤剂，其特征在于，以重量百分比计，所述洗涤剂中还含有0.1-30％的抗沉积阻垢分散剂，所述抗沉积阻垢分散剂选自分子结构中包含羧基、烷基、磺酸基、氨基、羟基中至少一种基团的均聚/共聚高分子化合物，所述高分子化合物的分子量在2000-20000之间；
和/或，以重量百分比计，所述洗涤剂中还含有0.1-30％氨基酸衍生物螯合剂，所述氨基酸衍生物螯合剂包含甲基甘氨酸二乙酸、谷氨酸二乙酸、N,N-二羧酸氨基-2-羟基丙烷基磺酸、3-羟基-2,2’-亚氨酸二琥珀酸及其碱金属盐或铵盐中的一种或多种。
9.根据权利要求7所述的洗涤剂，其特征在于，以重量百分比计，所述洗涤剂中还含有5-30％的氧化剂，所述氧化剂选自碱金属和碱土金属过氧化物、过氧化氢、过氧酸盐和有机过氧化物中的一种或几种；
和/或，所述洗涤剂中还含有碱性助剂，所述碱性助剂中氧元素含量占所述洗涤剂的重量百分比为0.1-50％；所述碱性助剂为碳酸钠、碳酸钾、氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、碳酸氢钠、硅酸钠中的一种或多种。
10.一种洗涤凝珠，其特征在于，其内容物为权利要求7-9任一项所述的洗涤剂。
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