CN116034940A - Quick fattening method for beef cattle in southern high-humidity and hot areas - Google Patents
Quick fattening method for beef cattle in southern high-humidity and hot areas Download PDFInfo
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- CN116034940A CN116034940A CN202211683116.0A CN202211683116A CN116034940A CN 116034940 A CN116034940 A CN 116034940A CN 202211683116 A CN202211683116 A CN 202211683116A CN 116034940 A CN116034940 A CN 116034940A
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- cassava
- beef cattle
- fermentation
- powder
- humidity
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Abstract
The invention relates to a rapid fattening method for beef cattle in a south high-humidity and hot area, which uses cassava dry slices fermented feed to replace traditional beef cattle fattening feed in 6-9 months each year, and carries out high Wen Feiyo on the beef cattle, so that the effect that the beef cattle in the south high-humidity and hot area can be fattened all the year round is achieved. The cassava dry slice fermented feed consists of cassava fermented materials and composite powder; the composite powder consists of selenium mineral powder, zinc sulfate, molybdenum mineral powder and zeolite powder; the cassava fermentation material consists of cassava dry slice powder, beer residues, fresh mulberry branches and leaves and a fermentation composite microbial inoculum.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural cultivation, in particular to a rapid beef cattle fattening method in a southern high-humidity and hot region.
Background
Beef cattle, i.e. beef cattle, are a class of cattle that are primarily producing beef. Is characterized by plump body, quick weight gain, high feed utilization rate, good meat production performance and good meat taste. Beef cattle not only provide meat products for people, but also provide other auxiliary foods for people. Beef cattle for slaughtering are high in Chinese variety and good in production benefit, and have excellent varieties such as Siemens cattle, charlotte cattle and Limu pran cattle. The slaughter rate of the beef cattle of good variety after fattening is 60% -75%, and the highest slaughter rate can reach 68% -72%; the slaughter rate of the improved breed cattle in China after fattening is 55-60%, and the high slaughter rate can reach more than 60%. Beef cattle generally gain fastest before 1 year of age and grow gradually slowly afterwards, so beef cattle are slaughtered at 1-1.5 years old and not more than 2 years old at the latest. The growth rate of a typical bull is faster than that of a cow, which has a better meat quality than that of a bull. The hybridization between different pure beef cattle can improve the meat productivity of beef cattle by 15% -20%, the hybridization between pure beef cattle and local beef cattle is utilized in China, and the meat productivity of beef cattle of different generations can be improved by 20% -30%.
Because summer weather is hot, especially in the regions with high humidity and heat in the south, the cattle are extremely easy to lose weight for heat resistance in summer weather, and the high-temperature and high-humidity environment is easy to cause a plurality of adverse effects on beef cattle production, such as heat stress, feed intake reduction, weight gain slowing and the like, the cattle are difficult to fertilize in the regions with high humidity and heat in the south in 6-9 months, which is equivalent to one third of the time of fattening cattle in one year, the effect of fattening cattle in four seasons can not be realized, and if the cattle can be fertilized in four seasons, the income of farmers can be greatly increased, so that extremely high economic benefits are generated.
Regarding the problem of how to fatten beef cattle in 6-9 months in the south high-humidity and hot area, a breeding method for fast fattening beef cattle in the south high-humidity and hot area is searched in relevant patent literature (CN 105393981A), and the breeding method comprises four processes of early preparation for fast fattening of the beef cattle, adaptation period for fast fattening of the beef cattle, transition period for fast fattening of the beef cattle and late fast fattening of the beef cattle, as well as a cooling process of the beef cattle, a process for preventing skin diseases of the beef cattle and a process for preventing gastroenteritis of the beef cattle. The method requires strict control of the daily ration structure of each stage, is complicated to operate, and is inconvenient to popularize and apply. In addition, the patent product with the patent number of ZL201310442447.X is adopted in the rapid fattening adaptation period, the rapid fattening transition period and the later period of the beef cattle, and the name of the patent product is a method for producing the beef cattle complete mixed pellet feed by using sugarcane tail tips; or patent product with the patent number ZL201310442446.5 and the name of 'method and product for producing cattle and sheep complete mixed pellet feed from cassava stems and leaves'; the mixed pellet feed with the patent number ZL201310442447.X consists of sugarcane tail tips, corns, bean pulp, wheat bran, sodium bicarbonate, compound vitamins and trace elements, and the mixed pellet feed with the patent number ZL201310442446.5 consists of cassava stem leaves, corns, bean pulp, wheat bran, sodium bicarbonate, compound amino acids and trace elements; wherein, 200 yuan per ton of cassava stem and leaf, 220 yuan per ton of sugarcane tail tip, 296 yuan per ton of wheat bran, 3000 yuan per ton of corn, 5000 yuan per ton of bean pulp, 1700 yuan per ton of mixed pellet feed of ZL201310442447.X calculated according to the price, and 2500 yuan per ton of mixed pellet feed of ZL 201310442446.5. The feed cost is not low.
The method adopts the cassava dry slice powder with the price of 2000 yuan per ton, the beer residue with the price of 400 yuan per ton and the fresh mulberry branches and leaves with the price of 500 yuan per ton as main materials, and produces the cassava dry slice fermented feed, and the price of the cassava dry slice fermented feed is calculated to be not more than 1100 tons.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide the rapid fattening method for beef cattle in the south high-humidity and hot area, which is simple to operate, low in breeding cost and capable of fattening beef cattle in the south high-humidity and hot area all the year round.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: the rapid fattening method for beef cattle in the south high-humidity and hot area uses cassava dry slice fermented feed to replace traditional beef cattle fattening feed in 6-9 months each year, and the beef cattle is high Wen Feiyo, so that the effect that the beef cattle in the south high-humidity and hot area can be fattened all the year round is achieved;
the cassava dry slice fermented feed comprises 97.8-98.2% of cassava fermented material and the balance of composite powder in percentage by weight; the composite powder consists of selenium mineral powder, zinc sulfate, molybdenum mineral powder and zeolite powder in a weight ratio of 1:1:1:1;
the cassava fermentation material is prepared by sealing and fermenting the following raw materials in parts by weight: 300 to 350 parts of dry cassava slice powder, 300 to 350 parts of beer residue, 300 to 350 parts of fresh mulberry branches and leaves and 0.10 to 0.30 part of fermentation composite microbial inoculum;
the fermentation composite microbial inoculum consists of the following strains in parts by weight: 1.0 to 2.0X10 8 1.0 to 1.2 parts of cfu/g bacillus subtilis and 1.0 to 2.0X10 7 1.0 to 1.2 parts of cfu/g lactobacillus acidophilus and 1.0 to 2.0X10 parts 2 1.0 to 1.2 portions of cfu/g saccharomycete.
Further, the cassava dry slice fermented feed comprises 98.0-98.2% of cassava fermented material and the balance of composite powder in percentage by weight; the composite powder consists of selenium mineral powder, zinc sulfate, molybdenum mineral powder and zeolite powder in a weight ratio of 1:1:1:1.
Further, the granularity of the composite powder is controlled to be 300-500 meshes.
Further, the cassava fermentation material is prepared by sealing and fermenting the following raw materials in parts by weight: 320-350 parts of dry cassava slice powder, 320-350 parts of beer residue, 320-350 parts of fresh mulberry branches and leaves and 0.27-0.30 part of fermentation composite microbial inoculum.
Further, the starch content of the cassava dry slice powder is 68-70%, and the water content of the beer residue is 65-75%.
Further, the fresh mulberry branches and leaves are crushed before use, and the water content of the fresh mulberry branches and leaves is controlled to be 67-70% after crushing.
Further, the fermentation process of the cassava ferment is as follows: 1) Weighing all the components forming the cassava fermentation material according to the weight part; 2) Fermenting bacillus subtilis: adding molasses, urea and water into a container respectively, adding caustic soda to adjust the pH value to 6.8-7.2, adding bacillus subtilis, covering a cover, and fermenting at a constant temperature of 35 ℃ for 3-5 days to obtain bacillus subtilis fermentation liquor; 3) Respectively fermenting lactobacillus acidophilus and saccharomycetes by adopting the fermentation method in the step 2) to respectively obtain lactobacillus acidophilus fermentation liquor and saccharomycetes fermentation liquor; 4) Uniformly stirring the dry cassava slice powder, beer residues and fresh mulberry branches and leaves to obtain a mixture; 5) Uniformly mixing bacillus subtilis fermentation liquor, lactobacillus acidophilus fermentation liquor and saccharomycete fermentation liquor to obtain compound fermentation liquor; 6) Adding the compound fermentation bacteria liquid into the mixture, controlling the water content of the fermentation material to be 58-62%, sealing, carrying out anaerobic fermentation for 7-10 days until the wine fragrance is emitted, and fermenting to obtain the cassava fermentation material.
Further, the application method of the cassava slice fermented feed comprises the following steps: the cassava dry slice fermented feed and the hay are placed in a stirrer according to the weight ratio of 1:1, and after being stirred uniformly, the beef cattle can be fed, and the beef cattle with the height Wen Feiyo is completed.
Further, the method for preventing and treating the parasitic eye diseases of the cattle comprises the following steps: adding sodium bicarbonate, taurine and inulin into daily drinking water of beef cattle in 6-9 months each year; wherein the addition amount of sodium bicarbonate is 3-5 g/kg, the addition amount of taurine is 15-25 mg/kg, and the addition amount of inulin is 6-8 g/kg.
Further, the method for preventing and treating the parasitic eye diseases of the cattle comprises the following steps: adding sodium bicarbonate, taurine and inulin into daily drinking water of beef cattle in 6-9 months each year; wherein the addition amount of sodium bicarbonate is 4-5 g/kg, the addition amount of taurine is 20-25 mg/kg, and the addition amount of inulin is 7-8 g/kg.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: the invention relates to a rapid fattening method for beef cattle in a southern high-humidity and hot area, which adopts dry cassava slice powder with the price of 2000 yuan per ton, beer residue with the price of 400 yuan per ton and fresh mulberry branches and leaves with the price of 500 yuan per ton as main materials to produce dry cassava slice fermented feed, and compared with the traditional beef cattle fattening feed which relies on corns, bean pulp and wheat bran as main materials, the cost of the feed is lower; fresh mulberry branches and leaves are rich in proteins, animal essential amino acids, essential fatty acids, minerals, vitamins, flavone, polysaccharide, alkaloids and the like; the beer lees mainly comprises malt hulls, leaf buds, insoluble proteins, hemicellulose, fat, ash, a small amount of undegraded starch and a small amount of undeveloped soluble extract, and contains rich crude proteins and microelements; the dry cassava slice powder is rich in starch, protein, fat, crude fiber, vitamins (vitamin A, vitamin B1, vitamin B2) and other nutritional components, the fermentation composite microbial inoculum is formed by mixing bacillus subtilis, lactobacillus acidophilus and microzyme, the aflatoxin and salmonella are not detected by the fermented cassava fermentation material, the water content of the cassava fermentation material is 57.8-58.5%, the crude protein content is 5.2-5.5%, the crude fiber content is 3.2-3.5%, the crude fat content is 1.3-1.5%, the crude ash content is 2.0-2.3%, the lysine content is 0.18-0.22%, the starch content is 22.5-23.5 g/100g, and then the composite powder consisting of selenium mineral powder, zinc sulfate, molybdenum mineral powder and zeolite powder is added to supplement calcium, selenium, zinc, molybdenum, silicon, aluminum and iron and other trace elements.
The invention relates to a rapid fattening method for beef cattle in a southern high-humidity and hot area, which is characterized in that tapioca dry flake powder, beer residue, fresh mulberry branches and leaves and a fermentation composite microbial inoculum are adopted for sealing fermentation to obtain tapioca fermentation material, and then composite powder consisting of selenium mineral powder, zinc sulfate, molybdenum mineral powder and zeolite powder is added; the composite microbial inoculum in the cassava fermentation material can secrete and synthesize various natural antibiotic substances, enhance the body resistance of beef cattle, effectively promote the metabolism of beef cattle, and supplement various digestive enzymes such as protease, amylase, phytase and the like to adapt to the nutrition requirements of the rapid growth and development of the beef cattle; can synthesize amino acid and vitamins, promote nutrient substances such as growth factors, promote growth, improve intestinal functions of beef cattle, eliminate excrement malodor, reduce fly number, improve feeding environment, reduce stress reaction, produce high-quality beef cattle products, and ensure food safety.
The invention relates to a method for quickly fattening beef cattle in southern high-humidity and hot areas, which also comprises the prevention and treatment of the parasitic eye diseases of the beef cattle, wherein the parasitic eye diseases are caused by the fact that the sucking nematodes are parasitic to conjunctival sacs, under third eyelids and in lacrimal canals of the beef cattle, the parasitic eye diseases are frequently caused in seasons of warm, moist and fly activities, the beef cattle at various ages are easy to get, the beef cattle begin to take a disease in 5-6 months, the 8-9 months reach the peak, three methods of oral administration antibiotics, injection of antibiotics and killing solution are generally adopted for treating the parasitic eye diseases of the beef cattle, whether the oral administration antibiotics or the injection of antibiotics are adopted, the beef cattle is easy to remain antibiotics, the safety of beef cattle foods cannot be guaranteed, the killing solution is troublesome to operate, time and labor are wasted, the beef cattle is not matched, the breeder is also easy to be injured by the horns, sodium bicarbonate, taurine and inulin can be added into daily drinking water, the sodium bicarbonate and inulin can increase the water intake of the beef cattle, the content of the sulfonic acid can be obviously improved, and the parasitic eye diseases of the beef cattle can be caused by the oral administration of the beef cattle, and the parasitic eye diseases of the parasite diseases of the beef cattle can be reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a report of the detection of the components of the cassava biomass fermented material obtained by fermentation in example 1;
FIG. 2 is a beef cattle product test report I for beef cattle raised in example 1;
FIG. 3 shows a second beef cattle product test report for beef cattle raised in example 1.
Detailed Description
The following examples will assist those skilled in the art in a more complete understanding of the invention, but are not intended to limit the invention in any way.
The invention relates to a rapid fattening method for beef cattle in a southern high-humidity and hot area, wherein cassava dry slice powder is obtained by crushing cassava dry slices and can be purchased in the market.
The invention relates to a rapid fattening method for beef cattle in southern high-humidity and hot areas, which can be obtained by purchasing bacillus subtilis, lactobacillus acidophilus and saccharomycetes on the market.
The invention relates to a rapid fattening method for beef cattle in a southern high-humidity and hot area, wherein selenium mineral powder, zinc sulfate, molybdenum mineral powder and zeolite powder are all of feed grade.
The invention relates to a rapid fattening method for beef cattle in a southern high-humidity and hot area, which comprises the following steps of: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) Material preparation:
a. bacillus subtilis not less than 1.0X10 8 cfu/g (500 g of powder);
b. lactobacillus acidophilus is more than or equal to 1.0X10 7 cfu/g (500 g of powder);
c. yeast is not less than 1.0X10 2 cfu/g (500 g of powder);
d. caustic soda solution 30% strength, 10kg;
e. urea 50 kg/bag, 1 pack;
f. molasses is 1 ton, and the concentration is more than 85%.
(2) Preparing a tool:
a. 1000kg of plastic barrels, 4;
b. 1 thermometer;
c. 3 heating rods;
and d, 1 piece of PH value test paper (PH value is 1-14).
(3) The fermentation method comprises the following steps:
1) Fermentation
a. The bacillus subtilis fermentation method comprises the following steps:
in a plastic bucket with 1000kg capacity, 100kg of molasses is placed and diluted with water to a height of ⅔ (two thirds); placing 1 kg of urea, stirring uniformly, and regulating the pH value to be between 6.8 and 7.2. Then 500g of Bacillus subtilis was added and water was added to a 1000kg scale. Placing into heating rod, heating to 35deg.C, covering with cover, and fermenting naturally. And 3-5 days for standby.
b. The lactobacillus acidophilus fermentation method comprises the following steps:
in another plastic drum of 1000kg capacity, 100kg molasses was placed, water was added to a height of ⅔ (two thirds), and fermentation was carried out for 3-5 days according to the method of a.above (bacillus subtilis fermentation).
c. Fermenting yeast:
in another plastic drum of 1000kg capacity, 100kg molasses was placed, water was added to a height of ⅔ (two thirds), and fermentation was carried out for 3-5 days according to the method of a.sub.m. (bacillus subtilis fermentation).
2) Compound fermentation broth
In a 1000kg plastic barrel, respectively mixing bacillus subtilis fermentation liquor, lactobacillus acidophilus fermentation liquor and saccharomycete fermentation liquor together according to the ratio of 1:1:1, and stirring to obtain compound fermentation liquor for later use.
Example 1: experiment bovine species: siemental; number of experimental cattle: 37 heads; experimental time: 21 years 6-9 months, 117 days of test days;
the rapid fattening method for beef cattle in the south high-humidity and hot area uses cassava dry slice fermented feed to replace traditional beef cattle fattening feed in 6-9 months each year, and the beef cattle is high Wen Feiyo, so that the effect that the beef cattle in the south high-humidity and hot area can be fattened all the year round is achieved; the application method of the cassava dry slice fermented feed comprises the following steps: placing the cassava dry slice fermented feed and hay in a stirrer according to the weight ratio of 1:1, and feeding the cattle after uniformly stirring to finish the height Wen Feiyo of the beef cattle; the method for preventing and treating the cow parasitic eye diseases comprises the following steps of: adding sodium bicarbonate, taurine and inulin into daily drinking water of beef cattle in 6-9 months each year; wherein the addition amount of sodium bicarbonate is 3 g/kg, the addition amount of taurine is 15 mg/kg, and the addition amount of inulin is 6 g/kg;
the cassava dry slice fermented feed comprises 97.8% of cassava fermented material and the balance of composite powder in percentage by weight; the composite powder consists of selenium mineral powder, zinc sulfate, molybdenum mineral powder and zeolite powder in a weight ratio of 1:1:1:1; the granularity of the composite powder is controlled to be 300 meshes;
the cassava fermentation material is prepared by sealing and fermenting the following raw materials in parts by weight: 300 parts of cassava dry slice powder, 300 parts of beer residue, 300 parts of fresh mulberry branches and leaves and 0.10 part of fermentation composite microbial inoculum; the starch content of the cassava dry slice powder is 68%, the water content of the beer residue is 65%, the fresh mulberry branches and leaves are crushed before being used, and the water content of the fresh mulberry branches and leaves is controlled at 67%;
the fermentation equipment comprises: a. a stirrer: handling 5 tons per hour; b. and (3) fermenting tanks: 50 cubic meters, a plurality of; c. a plastic film: a plurality of square meters; the fermentation process of the cassava fermentation material comprises the following steps: 1) Placing the dry cassava slice powder, beer residue and fresh mulberry branches and leaves in a stirrer to be uniformly stirred to obtain a mixture; 2) Adding the compound fermentation bacteria liquid into the mixture, controlling the water content of the fermentation material to be 58%, uniformly stirring, discharging, compacting in a fermentation tank until the fermentation tank is filled, covering a plastic film for sealing, performing anaerobic fermentation for 7 days until the wine fragrance is emitted, and fermenting to obtain the cassava fermentation material.
Example 2: experiment bovine species: siemental; number of experimental cattle: 43 heads; experimental time: 21 years 6-9 months, 117 days of test days;
the rapid fattening method for beef cattle in the south high-humidity and hot area uses cassava dry slice fermented feed to replace traditional beef cattle fattening feed in 6-9 months each year, and the beef cattle is high Wen Feiyo, so that the effect that the beef cattle in the south high-humidity and hot area can be fattened all the year round is achieved; the application method of the cassava dry slice fermented feed comprises the following steps: placing the cassava dry slice fermented feed and hay in a stirrer according to the weight ratio of 1:1, and feeding the cattle after uniformly stirring to finish the height Wen Feiyo of the beef cattle; the method for preventing and treating the cow parasitic eye diseases comprises the following steps of: adding sodium bicarbonate, taurine and inulin into daily drinking water of beef cattle in 6-9 months each year; wherein the addition amount of sodium bicarbonate is 5 g/kg, the addition amount of taurine is 25 mg/kg, and the addition amount of inulin is 8 g/kg;
the cassava dry slice fermented feed comprises 98.2% of cassava fermented material and the balance of composite powder in percentage by weight; the composite powder consists of selenium mineral powder, zinc sulfate, molybdenum mineral powder and zeolite powder in a weight ratio of 1:1:1:1; the granularity of the composite powder is controlled to be 500 meshes;
the cassava fermentation material is prepared by sealing and fermenting the following raw materials in parts by weight: 350 parts of cassava dry slice powder, 350 parts of beer residue, 350 parts of fresh mulberry branches and leaves and 0.30 part of fermentation composite microbial inoculum; the starch content of the cassava dry slice powder is 70%, the water content of the beer slag is 75%, the fresh mulberry branches and leaves are crushed before being used, and the water content of the fresh mulberry branches and leaves is controlled to be 70% after the fresh mulberry branches and leaves are crushed;
the fermentation equipment comprises: a. a stirrer: handling 5 tons per hour; b. and (3) fermenting tanks: 50 cubic meters, a plurality of; c. a plastic film: a plurality of square meters; the fermentation process of the cassava fermentation material comprises the following steps: 1) Placing the dry cassava slice powder, beer residue and fresh mulberry branches and leaves in a stirrer to be uniformly stirred to obtain a mixture; 2) Adding the compound fermentation bacteria liquid into the mixture, controlling the water content of the fermentation material to be 62%, uniformly stirring, discharging, compacting in a fermentation tank until the fermentation tank is filled, covering a plastic film for sealing, performing anaerobic fermentation for 10 days until the wine fragrance is emitted, and fermenting to obtain the cassava fermentation material.
Example 3: experiment bovine species: siemental; number of experimental cattle: 42 heads; experimental time: 21 years 6-9 months, 117 days of test days;
the rapid fattening method for beef cattle in the south high-humidity and hot area uses cassava dry slice fermented feed to replace traditional beef cattle fattening feed in 6-9 months each year, and the beef cattle is high Wen Feiyo, so that the effect that the beef cattle in the south high-humidity and hot area can be fattened all the year round is achieved; the application method of the cassava dry slice fermented feed comprises the following steps: placing the cassava dry slice fermented feed and hay in a stirrer according to the weight ratio of 1:1, and feeding the cattle after uniformly stirring to finish the height Wen Feiyo of the beef cattle; the method for preventing and treating the cow parasitic eye diseases comprises the following steps of: adding sodium bicarbonate, taurine and inulin into daily drinking water of beef cattle in 6-9 months each year; wherein the addition amount of sodium bicarbonate is 4 g/kg, the addition amount of taurine is 20 mg/kg, and the addition amount of inulin is 7 g/kg;
the cassava dry slice fermented feed comprises 98% of cassava fermented material and the balance of composite powder in percentage by weight; the composite powder consists of selenium mineral powder, zinc sulfate, molybdenum mineral powder and zeolite powder in a weight ratio of 1:1:1:1; the granularity of the composite powder is controlled to be 400 meshes;
the cassava fermentation material is prepared by sealing and fermenting the following raw materials in parts by weight: 320 parts of cassava dry slice powder, 320 parts of beer residue, 320 parts of fresh mulberry branches and leaves and 0.27 part of fermentation composite microbial inoculum; the starch content of the cassava dry slice powder is 69%, the water content of the beer slag is 70%, the fresh mulberry branches and leaves are crushed before being used, and the water content of the fresh mulberry branches and leaves is controlled at 68% after the fresh mulberry branches and leaves are crushed;
the fermentation equipment comprises: a. a stirrer: handling 5 tons per hour; b. and (3) fermenting tanks: 50 cubic meters, a plurality of; c. a plastic film: a plurality of square meters; the fermentation process of the cassava fermentation material comprises the following steps: 1) Placing the dry cassava slice powder, beer residue and fresh mulberry branches and leaves in a stirrer to be uniformly stirred to obtain a mixture; 2) Adding the compound fermentation bacteria liquid into the mixture, controlling the water content of the fermentation material to be 60%, uniformly stirring, discharging, compacting in a fermentation tank until the fermentation tank is filled, covering a plastic film for sealing, performing anaerobic fermentation for 8 days until the wine fragrance is emitted, and fermenting to obtain the cassava fermentation material.
Example 4: experiment bovine species: siemental; number of experimental cattle: 42 heads; experimental time: 21 years 6-9 months, 117 days of test days;
the rapid fattening method for beef cattle in the south high-humidity and hot area uses cassava dry slice fermented feed to replace traditional beef cattle fattening feed in 6-9 months each year, and the beef cattle is high Wen Feiyo, so that the effect that the beef cattle in the south high-humidity and hot area can be fattened all the year round is achieved; the application method of the cassava dry slice fermented feed comprises the following steps: placing the cassava dry slice fermented feed and hay in a stirrer according to the weight ratio of 1:1, and feeding the cattle after uniformly stirring to finish the height Wen Feiyo of the beef cattle;
the cassava dry slice fermented feed comprises 98% of cassava fermented material and the balance of composite powder in percentage by weight; the composite powder consists of selenium mineral powder, zinc sulfate, molybdenum mineral powder and zeolite powder in a weight ratio of 1:1:1:1; the granularity of the composite powder is controlled to be 400 meshes;
the cassava fermentation material is prepared by sealing and fermenting the following raw materials in parts by weight: 320 parts of cassava dry slice powder, 320 parts of beer residue, 320 parts of fresh mulberry branches and leaves and 0.27 part of fermentation composite microbial inoculum; the starch content of the cassava dry slice powder is 69%, the water content of the beer slag is 70%, the fresh mulberry branches and leaves are crushed before being used, and the water content of the fresh mulberry branches and leaves is controlled at 68% after the fresh mulberry branches and leaves are crushed;
the fermentation equipment comprises: a. a stirrer: handling 5 tons per hour; b. and (3) fermenting tanks: 50 cubic meters, a plurality of; c. a plastic film: a plurality of square meters; the fermentation process of the cassava fermentation material comprises the following steps: 1) Placing the dry cassava slice powder, beer residue and fresh mulberry branches and leaves in a stirrer to be uniformly stirred to obtain a mixture; 2) Adding the compound fermentation bacteria liquid into the mixture, controlling the water content of the fermentation material to be 60%, uniformly stirring, discharging, compacting in a fermentation tank until the fermentation tank is filled, covering a plastic film for sealing, performing anaerobic fermentation for 8 days until the wine fragrance is emitted, and fermenting to obtain the cassava fermentation material.
Comparative example 1: preparation of cassava dry slice fermented feed
The cassava dry slice fermented feed comprises 98% of cassava fermented material and the balance of composite powder in percentage by weight; the composite powder consists of selenium mineral powder, zinc sulfate, molybdenum mineral powder and zeolite powder in a weight ratio of 1:1:1:1; the granularity of the composite powder is controlled to be 400 meshes;
the cassava fermentation material is prepared by sealing and fermenting the following raw materials in parts by weight: 320 parts of cassava dry slice powder, 320 parts of beer residue, 320 parts of fresh mulberry branches and leaves and 0.27 part of fermentation composite microbial inoculum; the starch content of the cassava dry slice powder is 69%, the water content of the beer slag is 70%, the fresh mulberry branches and leaves are crushed before being used, and the water content of the fresh mulberry branches and leaves is controlled at 68% after the fresh mulberry branches and leaves are crushed;
the fermentation equipment comprises: a. a stirrer: handling 5 tons per hour; b. and (3) fermenting tanks: 50 cubic meters, a plurality of; c. a plastic film: a plurality of square meters; the fermentation process of the cassava fermentation material comprises the following steps: 1) Weighing all the components forming the cassava fermentation material according to the weight part; 2) Fermenting bacillus subtilis: adding molasses, urea and water into a container respectively, adding caustic soda to adjust the pH value to 6.8-7.2, adding bacillus subtilis, covering a cover, and fermenting at a constant temperature of 35 ℃ for 3-5 days to obtain bacillus subtilis fermentation liquor; 3) Uniformly stirring the dry cassava slice powder, beer residues and fresh mulberry branches and leaves to obtain a mixture; 4) And adding bacillus subtilis fermentation liquor into the mixture, controlling the water content of the fermentation liquor to be 60%, uniformly stirring, discharging, compacting in a fermentation tank until the fermentation tank is filled, covering a plastic film for sealing, performing anaerobic fermentation for 8 days until the wine fragrance is emitted, and fermenting to obtain the cassava fermentation liquor.
Comparative example 2: preparation of cassava dry slice fermented feed
The cassava dry slice fermented feed comprises 98% of cassava fermented material and the balance of composite powder in percentage by weight; the composite powder consists of selenium mineral powder, zinc sulfate, molybdenum mineral powder and zeolite powder in a weight ratio of 1:1:1:1; the granularity of the composite powder is controlled to be 400 meshes;
the cassava fermentation material is prepared by sealing and fermenting the following raw materials in parts by weight: 320 parts of cassava dry slice powder, 320 parts of beer residue, 320 parts of fresh mulberry branches and leaves and 0.27 part of fermentation composite microbial inoculum; the starch content of the cassava dry slice powder is 69%, the water content of the beer slag is 70%, the fresh mulberry branches and leaves are crushed before being used, and the water content of the fresh mulberry branches and leaves is controlled at 68% after the fresh mulberry branches and leaves are crushed;
the fermentation equipment comprises: a. a stirrer: handling 5 tons per hour; b. and (3) fermenting tanks: 50 cubic meters, a plurality of; c. a plastic film: a plurality of square meters; the fermentation process of the cassava fermentation material comprises the following steps: 1) Weighing all the components forming the cassava fermentation material according to the weight part; 2) Fermenting lactobacillus acidophilus: adding molasses, urea and water into a container respectively, adding caustic soda to adjust the pH value to 6.8-7.2, finally adding lactobacillus acidophilus, covering a cover, and fermenting at a constant temperature of 35 ℃ for 3-5 days to obtain lactobacillus acidophilus fermentation liquor; 3) Uniformly stirring the dry cassava slice powder, beer residues and fresh mulberry branches and leaves to obtain a mixture; 4) Adding lactobacillus acidophilus fermentation liquor into the mixture, controlling the water content of the fermentation liquor to be 60%, uniformly stirring, discharging, compacting in a fermentation tank until the fermentation tank is filled, covering a plastic film for sealing, performing anaerobic fermentation for 8 days until the wine fragrance is emitted, and fermenting to obtain the cassava fermentation liquor.
Comparative example 3: preparation of cassava dry slice fermented feed
The cassava dry slice fermented feed comprises 98% of cassava fermented material and the balance of composite powder in percentage by weight; the composite powder consists of selenium mineral powder, zinc sulfate, molybdenum mineral powder and zeolite powder in a weight ratio of 1:1:1:1; the granularity of the composite powder is controlled to be 400 meshes;
the cassava fermentation material is prepared by sealing and fermenting the following raw materials in parts by weight: 320 parts of cassava dry slice powder, 320 parts of beer residue, 320 parts of fresh mulberry branches and leaves and 0.27 part of fermentation composite microbial inoculum; the starch content of the cassava dry slice powder is 69%, the water content of the beer slag is 70%, the fresh mulberry branches and leaves are crushed before being used, and the water content of the fresh mulberry branches and leaves is controlled at 68% after the fresh mulberry branches and leaves are crushed;
the fermentation equipment comprises: a. a stirrer: handling 5 tons per hour; b. and (3) fermenting tanks: 50 cubic meters, a plurality of; c. a plastic film: a plurality of square meters; the fermentation process of the cassava fermentation material comprises the following steps: 1) Weighing all the components forming the cassava fermentation material according to the weight part; 2) Fermenting yeast: adding molasses, urea and water into a container respectively, adding caustic soda to adjust the pH value to 6.8-7.2, adding saccharomycetes, covering a cover, and fermenting at a constant temperature of 35 ℃ for 3-5 days to obtain saccharomycete fermentation liquor; 3) Uniformly stirring the dry cassava slice powder, beer residues and fresh mulberry branches and leaves to obtain a mixture; 4) Adding saccharomycete fermentation liquor into the mixture, controlling the water content of the fermentation material to be 60%, uniformly stirring, discharging, compacting in a fermentation tank until the fermentation tank is filled, covering a plastic film for sealing, performing anaerobic fermentation for 8 days until the wine fragrance is emitted, and fermenting to obtain the cassava fermentation material.
The cassava fermented materials obtained by fermentation according to examples 1 to 4 and comparative examples 1 to 3 were subjected to component analysis, and the analysis results are shown in tables 1 to 2 below:
TABLE 1
| Project | Crude protein content/% | Moisture content/% | Crude fiber content/% | Crude fat content/% | Coarse ash content/% |
| Example 1 | 5.39 | 58.3 | 3.4 | 1.4 | 2.1 |
| Example 2 | 5.35 | 58.0 | 3.3 | 1.3 | 2.1 |
| Example 3 | 5.50 | 58.1 | 3.5 | 1.4 | 2.2 |
| Example 4 | 5.42 | 58.2 | 3.4 | 1.4 | 2.3 |
| Comparative example 1 | 4.67 | 60.5 | 3.6 | 1.0 | 3.3 |
| Comparative example 2 | 4.45 | 61.8 | 3.6 | 0.9 | 3.5 |
| Comparative example 3 | 3.85 | 62.7 | 3.7 | 0.8 | 3.6 |
TABLE 2
| Project | Lysine content/% | Starch content/(g/100 g) | Aflatoxin/(μg/kg) | Salmonella/(μg/25 g) |
| Example 1 | 0.19 | 23.0 | Not detected | Not detected |
| Example 2 | 0.18 | 23.1 | Not detected | Not detected |
| Example 3 | 0.22 | 23.4 | Not detected | Not detected |
| Example 4 | 0.19 | 23.3 | Not detected | Not detected |
| Comparative example 1 | 0.03 | 15.3 | 235.6 | 0.45 |
| Comparative example 2 | 0.05 | 17.6 | 345.7 | 1.33 |
| Comparative example 3 | 0.04 | 18.4 | 198.6 | 0.89 |
The experimental plots of examples 1-4 were in the southern Guangxi Ning city, and the results of the rapid fattening process for beef cattle in regions of high heat and humidity in the south are shown in Table 3 below:
TABLE 3 Table 3
| Project | Control | Example 1 | Example 2 | Example 3 | Example 4 |
| Variety of species | Siemental | Siemental | Siemental | Siemental | Siemental |
| Quantity (head) | 34 | 37 | 43 | 42 | 42 |
| Time | 21 years 6-9 months | 21 years 6-9 months | 21 years 6-9 months | 21 years 6-9 months | 21 years 6-9 months |
| Days of raising (Tian) | 117 | 117 | 117 | 117 | 117 |
| Total body weight before experiment (kg) | 16197 | 18335 | 23457 | 22789 | 22831 |
| Total weight after experiment (kg) | 18624 | 22950 | 28678 | 28294 | 27974 |
| Daily gain (kg) | 0.61 | 1.07 | 1.04 | 1.12 | 1.05 |
| Consumption of materials (kg/head day) | 27.88 | 20.46 | 20.37 | 20.29 | 20.38 |
| Feed cost (Yuan/first. Day) | 18.39 | 28.37 | 27.89 | 26.78 | 27.88 |
| Kilogram meat material cost (Yuan) | 30.15 | 26.51 | 26.89 | 25.87 | 26.73 |
| Yield (%) | 40.15 | 43.26 | 43.31 | 43.43 | 43.34 |
| Number of parasitic eye diseases of cattle (example) | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
Specifically, the report of the detection of the components of the cassava fermented material obtained by fermentation in example 1 is shown in fig. 1, the report of the detection of beef cattle raised in example 1 is shown in fig. 2, and the report of the detection of beef cattle raised in example 1 is shown in fig. 3.
As shown by the experimental results, the rapid fattening method for beef cattle in the southern high-humidity and hot areas adopts dry cassava slice powder with the price of 2000 yuan per ton, beer residue with the price of 400 yuan per ton and fresh mulberry branches and leaves with the price of 500 yuan per ton as main materials, and the cost of the fermented feed for producing the dry cassava slice is lower compared with that of the traditional fattening feed for beef cattle which relies on corns, bean pulp and wheat bran as main materials; fresh mulberry branches and leaves are rich in proteins, animal essential amino acids, essential fatty acids, minerals, vitamins, flavone, polysaccharide, alkaloids and the like; the beer lees mainly comprises malt hulls, leaf buds, insoluble proteins, hemicellulose, fat, ash, a small amount of undegraded starch and a small amount of undeveloped soluble extract, and contains rich crude proteins and microelements; the dry cassava slice powder is rich in starch, protein, fat, crude fiber, vitamins (vitamin A, vitamin B1, vitamin B2) and other nutritional ingredients, the fermentation composite microbial inoculum is formed by mixing bacillus subtilis, lactobacillus acidophilus and microzyme, the aflatoxin and salmonella are not detected by the fermented cassava fermentation material, the moisture content of the cassava fermentation material is 57.8-58.5%, the crude protein content is 5.2-5.5%, the crude fiber content is 3.2-3.5%, the crude fat content is 1.3-1.5%, the crude ash content is 2.0-2.3%, the lysine content is 0.18-0.22%, the starch content is 22.5-23.5 g/100g, and then the composite powder consisting of selenium mineral powder, zinc sulfate, molybdenum mineral powder and zeolite powder is added to supplement calcium, selenium, zinc, molybdenum, silicon, aluminum and iron and other trace elements; the cassava dry slice powder, beer residue, fresh mulberry branches and leaves and a fermentation composite microbial inoculum are adopted for sealing fermentation to obtain a cassava fermentation material, and then composite powder consisting of selenium mineral powder, zinc sulfate, molybdenum mineral powder and zeolite powder is added; the composite microbial inoculum in the cassava fermentation material can secrete and synthesize various natural antibiotic substances, enhance the body resistance of beef cattle, effectively promote the metabolism of beef cattle, and supplement various digestive enzymes such as protease, amylase, phytase and the like to adapt to the nutrition requirements of the rapid growth and development of the beef cattle; amino acid and vitamins can be synthesized, nutrient substances such as growth factors and the like are promoted, growth is promoted, intestinal functions of beef cattle are improved, excrement malodor is eliminated, the number of flies is reduced, the feeding environment is improved, stress response is reduced, high-quality beef cattle products are produced, and food safety is guaranteed; the method is characterized in that the method comprises the steps of taking sodium bicarbonate, taurine and inulin into daily drinking water of beef cattle, wherein the sodium bicarbonate and the inulin can increase the water consumption of the beef cattle, and the content of the taurine in the beef cattle can be remarkably improved, so that the parasitic eye diseases of the beef cattle can be remarkably improved.
While the invention has been described in detail in the foregoing general description and with reference to specific embodiments thereof, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that modifications and improvements can be made thereto. Accordingly, such modifications or improvements may be made without departing from the spirit of the invention and are intended to be within the scope of the invention as claimed.
Claims (10)
1. A rapid fattening method for beef cattle in regions with high humidity and heat in south is characterized in that the prior fattening feed for beef cattle is replaced by fermented feed of cassava slices in 6-9 months each year, and the high Wen Feiyo is carried out on the beef cattle, so that the effect that the beef cattle in regions with high humidity and heat in south can be fattened all the year round is achieved;
the cassava dry slice fermented feed comprises 97.8-98.2% of cassava fermented material and the balance of composite powder in percentage by weight; the composite powder consists of selenium mineral powder, zinc sulfate, molybdenum mineral powder and zeolite powder in a weight ratio of 1:1:1:1;
the cassava fermentation material is prepared by sealing and fermenting the following raw materials in parts by weight: 300 to 350 parts of dry cassava slice powder, 300 to 350 parts of beer residue, 300 to 350 parts of fresh mulberry branches and leaves and 0.10 to 0.30 part of fermentation composite microbial inoculum;
the fermentation composite microbial inoculum consists of the following strains in parts by weight: 1.0 to 2.0X10 8 1.0 to 1.2 parts of cfu/g bacillus subtilis and 1.0 to 2.0X10 7 1.0 to 1.2 parts of cfu/g lactobacillus acidophilus and 1.0 to 2.0X10 parts 2 1.0 to 1.2 portions of cfu/g saccharomycete.
2. The method for quickly fattening beef cattle in the southern high-humidity hot area according to claim 1, wherein the cassava dry slice fermented feed comprises 98.0-98.2% of cassava fermented feed and the balance of composite powder in percentage by weight; the composite powder consists of selenium mineral powder, zinc sulfate, molybdenum mineral powder and zeolite powder in a weight ratio of 1:1:1:1.
3. The method for rapid fattening beef cattle of a southern high-humidity and hot zone according to claim 1, wherein the granularity of the composite powder is controlled to be 300-500 meshes.
4. The rapid fattening method for beef cattle in southern high-humidity hot areas according to claim 1, wherein the cassava ferment is prepared by sealing and fermenting the following raw materials in parts by weight: 320-350 parts of dry cassava slice powder, 320-350 parts of beer residue, 320-350 parts of fresh mulberry branches and leaves and 0.27-0.30 part of fermentation composite microbial inoculum.
5. The method for quickly fattening beef cattle in southern high-humidity and hot areas according to claim 1, wherein the starch content of the cassava dry slice powder is 68-70%, and the water content of beer residues is 65-75%.
6. The method for rapid fattening beef cattle according to claim 1, wherein the fresh mulberry branches and leaves are crushed before use, and the water content of the fresh mulberry branches and leaves is controlled to be 67-70%.
7. The method for quickly fattening beef cattle in southern high-humidity and hot areas according to claim 1, wherein the fermentation process of the cassava ferment is as follows: 1) Weighing all the components forming the cassava fermentation material according to the weight part; 2) Fermenting bacillus subtilis: adding molasses, urea and water into a container respectively, adding caustic soda to adjust the pH value to 6.8-7.2, adding bacillus subtilis, covering a cover, and fermenting at a constant temperature of 35 ℃ for 3-5 days to obtain bacillus subtilis fermentation liquor; 3) Respectively fermenting lactobacillus acidophilus and saccharomycetes by adopting the fermentation method in the step 2) to respectively obtain lactobacillus acidophilus fermentation liquor and saccharomycetes fermentation liquor; 4) Uniformly stirring the dry cassava slice powder, beer residues and fresh mulberry branches and leaves to obtain a mixture; 5) Uniformly mixing bacillus subtilis fermentation liquor, lactobacillus acidophilus fermentation liquor and saccharomycete fermentation liquor to obtain compound fermentation liquor; 6) Adding the compound fermentation bacteria liquid into the mixture, controlling the water content of the fermentation material to be 58-62%, sealing, carrying out anaerobic fermentation for 7-10 days until the wine fragrance is emitted, and fermenting to obtain the cassava fermentation material.
8. The method for quickly fattening beef cattle in the southern high-humidity and hot region according to claim 1, wherein the using method of the cassava dry slice fermented feed is as follows: the cassava dry slice fermented feed and the hay are placed in a stirrer according to the weight ratio of 1:1, and after being stirred uniformly, the beef cattle can be fed, and the beef cattle with the height Wen Feiyo is completed.
9. The method for quickly fattening beef cattle in southern high-humidity and hot areas according to claim 1, wherein the method for preventing and treating the parasitic eye diseases of the beef cattle is as follows: adding sodium bicarbonate, taurine and inulin into daily drinking water of beef cattle in 6-9 months each year; wherein the addition amount of sodium bicarbonate is 3-5 g/kg, the addition amount of taurine is 15-25 mg/kg, and the addition amount of inulin is 6-8 g/kg.
10. The method for quickly fattening beef cattle in southern high-humidity and hot areas according to claim 1, wherein the method for preventing and treating the parasitic eye diseases of the beef cattle is as follows: adding sodium bicarbonate, taurine and inulin into daily drinking water of beef cattle in 6-9 months each year; wherein the addition amount of sodium bicarbonate is 4-5 g/kg, the addition amount of taurine is 20-25 mg/kg, and the addition amount of inulin is 7-8 g/kg.
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