CN116034673A - Agricultural seed screening, treating and cultivating method with high yield performance - Google Patents
Agricultural seed screening, treating and cultivating method with high yield performance Download PDFInfo
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- CN116034673A CN116034673A CN202310162086.7A CN202310162086A CN116034673A CN 116034673 A CN116034673 A CN 116034673A CN 202310162086 A CN202310162086 A CN 202310162086A CN 116034673 A CN116034673 A CN 116034673A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/02—Germinating apparatus; Determining germination capacity of seeds or the like
- A01C1/025—Testing seeds for determining their viability or germination capacity
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
- A01G24/15—Calcined rock, e.g. perlite, vermiculite or clay aggregates
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for screening, processing and cultivating agricultural seeds with high yield performance, which comprises the following steps: step one, constructing a system; step two, screening seeds; step three, detecting vitality; step four, seed treatment; step five, preparing nutrient soil; step six, sowing and cultivating; step seven, seedling management; the invention designs a seed screening, processing and cultivating integrated system which can rapidly and accurately automatically identify the activity of seeds so as to select seeds with qualified quality; the system can automatically acquire the optimal plasma processing parameters according to the identification result, is more intelligent than manual setting, and has lower professional quality requirements on operators; the puffed straw, vermiculite and perlite adopted in the nutrient soil can ensure the nutrient components required by the growth of seeds, simultaneously avoid soil hardening, and the adopted microbial agent has the functions of promoting the growth and resisting diseases and can improve the germination rate of the seeds.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agriculture, in particular to a method for screening, processing and cultivating agricultural seeds with high yield performance.
Background
The seed quality is very high in agricultural production, the better the seeds can be used for planting better crops, and the yield of the crops is determined by the quality of the seeds, so that the screening, treatment and cultivation of the seeds are very important in agricultural production. The existing seed screening method generally adopts a machine for screening, excellent seeds are selected by screening and winnowing, and then the activity and germination rate of the seeds are detected by manual sampling inspection, but the existing detection technology, such as a physiological measurement method, has the problems of long period and low precision, and the biochemical measurement method can damage the seeds and lacks reliability; in order to improve the germination rate of seeds, the prior art adopts a low-temperature plasma technology to pretreat the seeds, utilizes the ions to inactivate pathogenic substances such as fungi on the surfaces of the seeds, improves the surface energy and hydrophilicity of the seeds and the tolerance of the seeds to low temperature, hypoxia and other stress, so as to improve the activity and germination rate of the seeds, promote the growth of seedlings and improve the yield and quality of crops, but the method lacks intellectualization, cannot automatically adopt optimal treatment parameters according to the conditions of the seeds, and has higher professional technical requirements on operators; the existing seed cultivation method generally adopts seedling cultivation in a greenhouse or film-covered seedling cultivation, and uses nutrient soil as sowing bed soil, but the nutrient soil used is single in component and easy to harden, so that seed development is affected.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a high-yield agricultural seed screening, processing and cultivating method for solving the problems in the background technology.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: the agricultural seed screening, treating and cultivating method with high yield performance includes the following steps: step one, constructing a system; step two, screening seeds; step three, detecting vitality; step four, seed treatment; step five, preparing nutrient soil; step six, sowing and cultivating; step seven, seedling management;
in the first step, a seed screening, processing and cultivating integrated system is constructed, wherein the system comprises a data acquisition unit, a data processing unit, a data storage unit and an execution unit, and the data processing unit is respectively connected with the data acquisition unit, the data storage unit and the execution unit in a data connection manner;
in the second step, the seeds to be screened are batched according to different production places, and the seeds in the same batch are screened by a screening machine, so that good seeds are separated;
in the third step, sampling the excellent seeds obtained in the second step, collecting a seed appearance data image by using a high-definition camera, collecting a signal of temperature change of the seeds in the water absorption germination process by using an infrared thermal imager, obtaining a thermal imaging image, processing the appearance data image and the thermal imaging image by using an image preprocessing module, recognizing the appearance data image and the thermal imaging image by using an image recognition module, and matching a recognition result with data in a seed information base by using a main control module, so as to determine the information and quality grade of the sample seeds, thereby automatically judging whether the batch of seeds are required to be compounded, and when the detection result is required to be compounded, sending an instruction to a plasma processing module and an environment parameter adjusting module by the main control module, automatically downloading optimal plasma processing parameters of the corresponding seeds by the plasma processing module, and automatically downloading optimal growth environment parameters of the corresponding seeds by the environment parameter adjusting module;
in the fourth step, the seeds in the qualified batch in the third step are conveyed to a plasma processing module, and the plasma processing module executes the downloaded optimal plasma processing parameters to process the seeds;
in the fifth step, water, puffed straw, microbial agent, vermiculite and perlite are selected according to the formula and uniformly mixed to obtain nutrient soil;
in the sixth step, the nutrient soil prepared in the fifth step is filled into the seedling tray, the filling amount is 3/4 of the capacity of the seedling tray, the seeds treated in the fourth step are sown in the seedling tray, a layer of nutrient soil is covered, and the seedling tray is transferred into a seedling room;
in the seventh step, the environmental data acquisition module is used for acquiring the environmental data of the seedling raising room and transmitting the environmental data to the main control module, and the main control module sends a command to the environmental parameter adjustment module according to the environmental data, so that the environment is adjusted by the environmental parameter adjustment module to achieve the optimal growth environmental parameters.
Preferably, in the first step, the data acquisition unit includes an infrared thermal imager, a high-definition camera and an environmental data acquisition module.
Preferably, in the first step, the data processing unit includes an image preprocessing module, an image recognition module and a main control module.
Preferably, in the first step, the data storage unit stores a seed information base, and the seed information base includes picture data, thermal imaging picture data, optimal plasma processing parameters and optimal growth environment parameters of seeds with different quality grades.
Preferably, in the first step, the execution unit includes an environmental parameter adjustment module and a plasma processing module.
Preferably, in the fifth step, the nutrient soil formula is: 7-10% of water, 55-65% of puffed straw, 0.1-0.2% of microbial agent, 18-22% of vermiculite and 8-12% of perlite.
Preferably, the microbial agent comprises growth promoting bacteria and disease resisting bacteria, and the particle size of the puffed straw, vermiculite and perlite is 2-3mm.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention designs a seed screening, processing and cultivating integrated system which can rapidly and accurately automatically identify the activity of seeds so as to select seeds with qualified quality; the system can automatically acquire the optimal plasma processing parameters according to the identification result, is more intelligent than manual setting, and has lower professional quality requirements on operators; the puffed straw, vermiculite and perlite adopted in the nutrient soil can ensure the nutrient components required by the growth of seeds, simultaneously avoid soil hardening, and the adopted microbial agent has the functions of promoting the growth and resisting diseases and can improve the germination rate of the seeds.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the method of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of an integrated seed screening, processing and cultivation system.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Referring to fig. 1-2, an embodiment of the present invention is provided: the agricultural seed screening, treating and cultivating method with high yield performance includes the following steps: step one, constructing a system; step two, screening seeds; step three, detecting vitality; step four, seed treatment; step five, preparing nutrient soil; step six, sowing and cultivating; step seven, seedling management;
in the first step, a seed screening, processing and cultivating integrated system is constructed, the system comprises a data acquisition unit, a data processing unit, a data storage unit and an execution unit, the data processing unit is respectively connected with the data acquisition unit, the data storage unit and the execution unit, and the data acquisition unit comprises an infrared thermal imager, a high-definition camera and an environmental data acquisition module; the data processing unit comprises an image preprocessing module, an image recognition module and a main control module; the data storage unit is used for storing a seed information base, wherein the seed information base comprises picture data, thermal imaging picture data, optimal plasma processing parameters and optimal growth environment parameters of seeds with different quality grades; the execution unit comprises an environment parameter adjusting module and a plasma processing module;
in the second step, the seeds to be screened are batched according to different production places, and the seeds in the same batch are screened by a screening machine, so that good seeds are separated;
in the third step, sampling the excellent seeds obtained in the second step, collecting a seed appearance data image by using a high-definition camera, collecting a signal of temperature change of the seeds in the water absorption germination process by using an infrared thermal imager, obtaining a thermal imaging image, processing the appearance data image and the thermal imaging image by using an image preprocessing module, recognizing the appearance data image and the thermal imaging image by using an image recognition module, and matching a recognition result with data in a seed information base by using a main control module, so as to determine the information and quality grade of the sample seeds, thereby automatically judging whether the batch of seeds are required to be compounded, and when the detection result is required to be compounded, sending an instruction to a plasma processing module and an environment parameter adjusting module by the main control module, automatically downloading optimal plasma processing parameters of the corresponding seeds by the plasma processing module, and automatically downloading optimal growth environment parameters of the corresponding seeds by the environment parameter adjusting module;
in the fourth step, the seeds in the qualified batch in the third step are conveyed to a plasma processing module, and the plasma processing module executes the downloaded optimal plasma processing parameters to process the seeds;
in the fifth step, 9.8% of water, 60% of puffed straw, 0.2% of microbial agent, 20% of vermiculite and 10% of perlite are selected according to the formula, and uniformly mixed to obtain nutrient soil; wherein the microbial agent comprises growth promoting bacteria and disease resisting bacteria, and the particle size of the puffed straw, vermiculite and perlite is 3mm;
in the sixth step, the nutrient soil prepared in the fifth step is filled into the seedling tray, the filling amount is 3/4 of the capacity of the seedling tray, the seeds treated in the fourth step are sown in the seedling tray, a layer of nutrient soil is covered, and the seedling tray is transferred into a seedling room;
in the seventh step, the environmental data acquisition module is used for acquiring the environmental data of the seedling raising room and transmitting the environmental data to the main control module, and the main control module sends a command to the environmental parameter adjustment module according to the environmental data, so that the environment is adjusted by the environmental parameter adjustment module to achieve the optimal growth environmental parameters.
Based on the above, the invention has the advantages that the invention designs a seed screening, processing and cultivating integrated system which utilizes a thermal imaging technology and a picture identification technology to automatically identify the activity of seeds so as to select excellent seeds, and the method has the advantages of short detection period, high detection precision and good reliability of detection results; the system can automatically acquire the optimal plasma processing parameters according to the identification result, does not need manual setting, is more intelligent, and has lower professional quality requirements on operators; the system can automatically control the growth environment of the seeds, and ensures the germination rate of the seeds; the puffed straw, vermiculite and perlite adopted in the nutrient soil can ensure the nutrient components required by the growth of seeds, simultaneously avoid soil hardening, and the adopted microbial agent has the functions of promoting the growth and resisting diseases and can improve the germination rate of the seeds.
It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof. The present embodiments are, therefore, to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein. Any reference sign in a claim should not be construed as limiting the claim concerned.
Claims (7)
1. The agricultural seed screening, treating and cultivating method with high yield performance includes the following steps: step one, constructing a system; step two, screening seeds; step three, detecting vitality; step four, seed treatment; step five, preparing nutrient soil; step six, sowing and cultivating; step seven, seedling management; the method is characterized in that:
in the first step, a seed screening, processing and cultivating integrated system is constructed, wherein the system comprises a data acquisition unit, a data processing unit, a data storage unit and an execution unit, and the data processing unit is respectively connected with the data acquisition unit, the data storage unit and the execution unit in a data connection manner;
in the second step, the seeds to be screened are batched according to different production places, and the seeds in the same batch are screened by a screening machine, so that good seeds are separated;
in the third step, sampling the excellent seeds obtained in the second step, collecting a seed appearance data image by using a high-definition camera, collecting a signal of temperature change of the seeds in the water absorption germination process by using an infrared thermal imager, obtaining a thermal imaging image, processing the appearance data image and the thermal imaging image by using an image preprocessing module, recognizing the appearance data image and the thermal imaging image by using an image recognition module, and matching a recognition result with data in a seed information base by using a main control module, so as to determine the information and quality grade of the sample seeds, thereby automatically judging whether the batch of seeds are required to be compounded, and when the detection result is required to be compounded, sending an instruction to a plasma processing module and an environment parameter adjusting module by the main control module, automatically downloading optimal plasma processing parameters of the corresponding seeds by the plasma processing module, and automatically downloading optimal growth environment parameters of the corresponding seeds by the environment parameter adjusting module;
in the fourth step, the seeds in the qualified batch in the third step are conveyed to a plasma processing module, and the plasma processing module executes the downloaded optimal plasma processing parameters to process the seeds;
in the fifth step, water, puffed straw, microbial agent, vermiculite and perlite are selected according to the formula and uniformly mixed to obtain nutrient soil;
in the sixth step, the nutrient soil prepared in the fifth step is filled into the seedling tray, the filling amount is 3/4 of the capacity of the seedling tray, the seeds treated in the fourth step are sown in the seedling tray, a layer of nutrient soil is covered, and the seedling tray is transferred into a seedling room;
in the seventh step, the environmental data acquisition module is used for acquiring the environmental data of the seedling raising room and transmitting the environmental data to the main control module, and the main control module sends a command to the environmental parameter adjustment module according to the environmental data, so that the environment is adjusted by the environmental parameter adjustment module to achieve the optimal growth environmental parameters.
2. The high-yield agricultural seed screening, processing and cultivating method according to claim 1, wherein: in the first step, the data acquisition unit comprises an infrared thermal imager, a high-definition camera and an environmental data acquisition module.
3. The high-yield agricultural seed screening, processing and cultivating method according to claim 1, wherein: in the first step, the data processing unit comprises an image preprocessing module, an image recognition module and a main control module.
4. The high-yield agricultural seed screening, processing and cultivating method according to claim 1, wherein: in the first step, the data storage unit stores a seed information base, and the seed information base comprises picture data, thermal imaging picture data, optimal plasma processing parameters and optimal growth environment parameters of seeds with different quality grades.
5. The high-yield agricultural seed screening, processing and cultivating method according to claim 1, wherein: in the first step, the execution unit comprises an environment parameter adjusting module and a plasma processing module.
6. The high-yield agricultural seed screening, processing and cultivating method according to claim 1, wherein: in the fifth step, the nutrient soil comprises the following formula: 7-10% of water, 55-65% of puffed straw, 0.1-0.2% of microbial agent, 18-22% of vermiculite and 8-12% of perlite.
7. The high-yield agricultural seed screening, processing and cultivating method according to claim 1, wherein: the microbial agent comprises growth promoting bacteria and disease resisting bacteria, and the particle size of the puffed straw, vermiculite and perlite is 2-3mm.
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