CN116031664B - Transmit-receive common aperture phased array antenna array method for inhibiting grating lobes - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a receiving and transmitting common aperture phased array antenna array method for inhibiting grating lobe generation, which belongs to the technical field of antenna arrays and is characterized by comprising the following steps: a. forming a standardized subarray by adopting a mode of common-aperture arrangement of receiving and transmitting units by using M multiplied by N antenna units, and splicing W standardized subarrays to form a hemispherical array; b. connecting an active module to perform active channel sparsification treatment; c. carrying out twice random array arrangement on the active modules; d. and when the hemispherical array is formed, the standardized subarray distance is processed from low to high according to the hemispherical latitude, and the second sparsification processing is completed. The invention can greatly reduce the number of active channels through twice randomization treatment, the unit distance can be properly enlarged compared with a planar array, and the grating lobes can be effectively restrained from being generated in the scanning process by combining a mode of randomly arranging the transceiver active modules, and the array surface integration is simpler and easier to implement.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of antenna arrays, in particular to a receiving and transmitting common-aperture phased array antenna array method for inhibiting grating lobes from generating.
Background
At present, two independent hemispherical array surfaces and a mode of sharing one array surface for array arrangement are mainly adopted for receiving and transmitting the phased array antenna.
The receiving and transmitting adopt two independent hemispherical array surfaces to cover the full airspace, and the array surfaces can be arranged in a full-distribution mode or a sparse mode. The technical scheme can increase the isolation between the receiving and transmitting through the mode of separating the receiving and transmitting array surfaces, and ensure full duplex operation. The defects are that: in order to avoid shielding between the receiving array and the transmitting array, the receiving array surface is required to be erected in a far-drawing way, so that the field area of the antenna erection is obviously increased, and the requirements on the field of the antenna erection are more severe; the manner of dividing the array surface can significantly increase the amount of equipment, such as: the structural frame and the array power supply bring about a great increase in the overall cost of the antenna.
The receiving and transmitting share an array plane, and each antenna unit is connected with two radio frequency channels for receiving and transmitting. In order to realize the full duplex receiving and transmitting operation, a cavity filter with high rectangular coefficient needs to be added at the antenna end, so that the receiving and transmitting isolation is increased. In order to avoid grating lobes, the units are fully distributed. The defects are that: the cavity filter is large in size and requires a sufficient space for installation of the phased array antenna elements.
The Chinese patent document with publication number of CN103985970A and publication date of 2014, 08 and 13 discloses an array method for inhibiting grating lobes of a phased array antenna array with large spacing, which is characterized in that: the whole array antenna array surface is divided into four quadrants according to a rectangular coordinate system, and the four quadrants are rotationally symmetrical or axisymmetrical about the center of the quadrants; each quadrant comprises N subarrays with non-overlapping edges, and the N subarrays are arranged in a sparse manner outwards along the radius direction from the center of the array to form an aperiodic array; each subarray comprises M units, the positions of the M units are uniformly or non-uniformly distributed in different grid forms, and the spacing of the N multiplied by M units is larger than one wavelength.
According to the array method for suppressing the grating lobes of the large-spacing phased array antenna array disclosed in the patent document, an array with a unit spacing larger than one wavelength is constructed by combining an array sparsification principle and a subarray level non-periodic structure principle, so that the technical index requirement is met by fewer antenna units, and the cost of an antenna system is reduced. However, the integration of the array surface is complex, the difficulty is high, and the grating lobes cannot be well restrained in the scanning process.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention provides the transceiving common aperture phased array antenna array method for inhibiting the generation of grating lobes.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the method for arranging the transmitting-receiving common aperture phased array antenna for inhibiting grating lobe generation is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
a. forming a standardized subarray by adopting a mode of common-aperture arrangement of receiving and transmitting units by using M multiplied by N antenna units, and splicing W standardized subarrays to form a hemispherical array;
b. connecting an active module to perform active channel sparsification treatment;
c. performing array arrangement on the active modules twice;
d. and when the hemispherical array is formed, the standardized subarray distance is processed from low to high according to the hemispherical latitude, and the second sparsification processing is completed.
In the step a, the step of splicing the W standardized subarrays into a hemispherical array specifically means that a planar subarray splicing mode is adopted for splicing.
In the step a, when the standardized subarrays are spliced, the adjacent planar subarrays are rotated by 90 degrees for installation.
In the step b, the active channel sparsification treatment specifically refers to synthesizing 1 path of the active module by adopting a 2×2 antenna unit and then connecting the 1 path of the active module with the active channel.
In the step c, the array specifically means that the number of the same active modules adjacently arranged in the horizontal, vertical and two diagonal directions is less than or equal to (M/2-1).
In the step d, the processing of the standardized subarray spacing from low to high according to the hemispherical latitude means that the standardized subarray spacing is processed from small to large.
The standardized subarray spacing processing from small to large specifically means that the spacing between any adjacent standardized subarrays at the low latitude of the hemisphere is smaller than the spacing between any adjacent standardized subarrays at the high latitude of the hemisphere.
The active module comprises a transmitting active module and a receiving active module.
The beneficial effects of the invention are mainly shown in the following aspects: 1. the method comprises the steps of a, forming a standardized subarray by adopting a mode of common aperture arrangement of receiving and transmitting units by using M multiplied by N antenna units, and splicing W standardized subarrays into a hemispherical array; b. connecting an active module to perform active channel sparsification treatment; c. performing array arrangement on the active modules twice; d. when the hemispherical array is formed, the standardized subarray spacing is processed from low to high according to the hemispherical latitude, the second sparsification processing is completed, compared with the prior art which adopts full array arrangement, the number of active channels can be greatly reduced through twice randomization processing, the unit spacing can be properly enlarged compared with a planar array, the grating lobe generation can be effectively restrained in the scanning process by combining the mode of random arrangement of the transceiver active modules, and the array surface integration is simpler and easier. 2. In the step a, the method for splicing the W standardized subarrays into the hemispherical array specifically means that a planar subarray splicing mode is adopted for splicing, and in order to reduce the processing and manufacturing difficulty of a true hemispherical array surface, the method is formed by adopting a planar subarray splicing mode, and the method is a type of hemispherical, when the subarray scale is relatively smaller than that of the whole array, the type of hemispherical can be very close to the hemispherical in appearance, and the influence on the electrical performance of the antenna array surface is relatively smaller. 3. In the invention, in the step a, when the standardized subarrays are spliced, the adjacent planar subarrays are rotated by 90 degrees for installation, and the adjacent planar subarrays are rotated by 90 degrees for installation, so that the active modules can be further distributed, the layout regularity is reduced, and the effect of further inhibiting grating lobes is achieved. 4. In the step b, the active channel sparsification treatment specifically means that an active module is synthesized into 1 path by adopting 2 x 2 antenna units and then connected with active channels, and compared with full array arrangement, the number of the active channels is reduced to 1/4 on the premise that the number of the antennas is kept unchanged, so that the number of the active channels can be obviously reduced, the power consumption and the cost of an array surface are further reduced, and meanwhile, the arrangement space of the active channels is increased. 5. In the step c, the number of the same active modules adjacently arranged in the horizontal, vertical and two diagonal directions is smaller than or equal to (M/2-1), and the number of adjacent receiving or transmitting active modules is limited in a mode of randomly arranging the active modules and limiting the number of the adjacent active modules, so that large-area aggregation of the same active modules can be avoided, the effect of keeping random and scattering the distribution of the receiving modules and the transmitting modules is achieved, and the generation of grating lobes can be effectively inhibited. 6. According to the invention, the M multiplied by N antenna units are arranged in the mode of common aperture of the receiving and transmitting units to form a standardized subarray, so that the spliced array surface shape is as close to a hemispherical shape as possible, the integrated processing is facilitated, and the assembly difficulty is reduced. 7. Compared with the prior art that two independent hemispherical array surfaces are adopted for receiving and transmitting, the invention reduces the use of the field area of the antenna erection, can effectively reduce the use of an array surface power supply and reduces the overall manufacturing cost of the antenna.
Drawings
The invention will be further specifically described with reference to the drawings and detailed description below:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the spacing of standardized subarrays of different dimensions of a hemisphere of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a standardized subarray of the present invention;
the marks in the figure: 1. standardized subarrays, 2, transmitting active modules, 3, receiving active modules.
Detailed Description
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1, a method for arranging a transmitting-receiving common aperture phased array antenna for inhibiting grating lobes, comprising the following steps:
a. forming a standardized subarray 1 by adopting a mode of common-aperture arrangement of receiving and transmitting units for M multiplied by N antenna units, and splicing W standardized subarrays 1 into a hemispherical array;
b. connecting an active module to perform active channel sparsification treatment;
c. performing array arrangement on the active modules twice;
d. and when the hemispherical array is formed, the standard subarray 1 spacing is processed from low to high according to the hemispherical latitude, and the second sparsification processing is completed.
Compared with the prior art adopting full array arrangement, the method can greatly reduce the number of active channels through twice randomization, the unit distance can be properly enlarged compared with a planar array, and the method of randomly arranging the transceiver active modules can effectively inhibit grating lobes in the scanning process, and the array surface integration is simple and easy.
Example 2
Referring to fig. 1, a method for arranging a transmitting-receiving common aperture phased array antenna for inhibiting grating lobes, comprising the following steps:
a. forming a standardized subarray 1 by adopting a mode of common-aperture arrangement of receiving and transmitting units for M multiplied by N antenna units, and splicing W standardized subarrays 1 into a hemispherical array;
b. connecting an active module to perform active channel sparsification treatment;
c. performing array arrangement on the active modules twice;
d. and when the hemispherical array is formed, the standard subarray 1 spacing is processed from low to high according to the hemispherical latitude, and the second sparsification processing is completed.
In step a, the splicing of the W standardized subarrays 1 into the hemispherical array specifically means that a planar subarray is adopted for splicing.
In the step a, the splicing of W standardized sub-arrays 1 into a hemispherical array specifically means that a planar sub-array is adopted for splicing, and in order to reduce the difficulty of processing and manufacturing a true hemispherical array surface, a planar sub-array splicing mode is adopted for forming the hemispherical array surface, which is a type of hemispherical structure, when the sub-array scale is relatively smaller than the whole array, the type of hemispherical structure can be very close to a hemispherical structure in appearance, and the influence on the electrical performance of the antenna array surface is relatively smaller.
Example 3
Referring to fig. 1, a method for arranging a transmitting-receiving common aperture phased array antenna for inhibiting grating lobes, comprising the following steps:
a. forming a standardized subarray 1 by adopting a mode of common-aperture arrangement of receiving and transmitting units for M multiplied by N antenna units, and splicing W standardized subarrays 1 into a hemispherical array;
b. connecting an active module to perform active channel sparsification treatment;
c. performing array arrangement on the active modules twice;
d. and when the hemispherical array is formed, the standard subarray 1 spacing is processed from low to high according to the hemispherical latitude, and the second sparsification processing is completed.
In the step a, the splicing of W standardized subarrays 1 into a hemispherical array specifically means that a planar subarray splicing mode is adopted for splicing.
Further, in the step a, when the standardized subarrays 1 are spliced, the adjacent planar subarrays are rotated by 90 degrees for installation.
In the embodiment, in the step a, when the standardized subarrays 1 are spliced, the adjacent planar subarrays are installed by rotating 90 degrees, and the adjacent planar subarrays are installed by rotating 90 degrees, so that the active modules can be further distributed, the layout regularity is reduced, and the effect of further inhibiting grating lobes is achieved.
Example 4
Referring to fig. 1, a method for arranging a transmitting-receiving common aperture phased array antenna for inhibiting grating lobes, comprising the following steps:
a. forming a standardized subarray 1 by adopting a mode of common-aperture arrangement of receiving and transmitting units for M multiplied by N antenna units, and splicing W standardized subarrays 1 into a hemispherical array;
b. connecting an active module to perform active channel sparsification treatment;
c. performing array arrangement on the active modules twice;
d. and when the hemispherical array is formed, the standard subarray 1 spacing is processed from low to high according to the hemispherical latitude, and the second sparsification processing is completed.
In the step a, the splicing of W standardized subarrays 1 into a hemispherical array specifically means that a planar subarray splicing mode is adopted for splicing.
In the step a, when the standardized subarrays 1 are spliced, the adjacent planar subarrays are rotated by 90 degrees for installation.
Further, in the step b, the active channel sparsification processing specifically refers to synthesizing 1 path of the active module by adopting a 2×2 antenna unit and then connecting the 1 path of the active module with the active channel.
In the step b, the active channel sparsification processing specifically refers to synthesizing 1 path of the active module by adopting 2×2 antenna units and then connecting the active module with the active channels, and compared with the full-array configuration, the active channel number is reduced to 1/4 on the premise that the antenna number remains unchanged, so that the active channel number can be obviously reduced, further the array plane power consumption and cost are reduced, and meanwhile, the active channel configuration space is increased.
Example 5
Referring to fig. 1, a method for arranging a transmitting-receiving common aperture phased array antenna for inhibiting grating lobes, comprising the following steps:
a. forming a standardized subarray 1 by adopting a mode of common-aperture arrangement of receiving and transmitting units for M multiplied by N antenna units, and splicing W standardized subarrays 1 into a hemispherical array;
b. connecting an active module to perform active channel sparsification treatment;
c. performing array arrangement on the active modules twice;
d. and when the hemispherical array is formed, the standard subarray 1 spacing is processed from low to high according to the hemispherical latitude, and the second sparsification processing is completed.
In the step a, the splicing of W standardized subarrays 1 into a hemispherical array specifically means that a planar subarray splicing mode is adopted for splicing.
In the step a, when the standardized subarrays 1 are spliced, the adjacent planar subarrays are rotated by 90 degrees for installation.
In the step b, the active channel sparsification treatment specifically refers to synthesizing 1 path of the active module by adopting a 2×2 antenna unit and then connecting the 1 path of the active module with the active channel.
Further, in the step c, the array means that the number of the same active modules adjacently arranged in the horizontal, vertical and two diagonal directions is less than or equal to (M/2-1).
In step c, the number of the same active modules adjacently arranged in the horizontal, vertical and two diagonal directions is smaller than or equal to (M/2-1), and the number of adjacent receiving or transmitting active modules 2 is limited by adopting a random array and limiting the number of the adjacent active modules, so that large-area aggregation of the same active modules can be avoided, and the effect of keeping random and scattering the distribution of the receiving modules and the transmitting modules is achieved, thereby effectively inhibiting the generation of grating lobes.
Example 6
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, a method for arranging a transmitting-receiving common aperture phased array antenna for inhibiting grating lobe generation includes the following steps:
a. forming a standardized subarray 1 by adopting a mode of common-aperture arrangement of receiving and transmitting units for M multiplied by N antenna units, and splicing W standardized subarrays 1 into a hemispherical array;
b. connecting an active module to perform active channel sparsification treatment;
c. performing array arrangement on the active modules twice;
d. and when the hemispherical array is formed, the standard subarray 1 spacing is processed from low to high according to the hemispherical latitude, and the second sparsification processing is completed.
In the step a, the splicing of W standardized subarrays 1 into a hemispherical array specifically means that a planar subarray splicing mode is adopted for splicing.
In the step a, when the standardized subarrays 1 are spliced, the adjacent planar subarrays are rotated by 90 degrees for installation.
In the step b, the active channel sparsification treatment specifically refers to synthesizing 1 path of the active module by adopting a 2×2 antenna unit and then connecting the 1 path of the active module with the active channel.
In the step c, the array specifically means that the number of the same active modules adjacently arranged in the horizontal, vertical and two diagonal directions is less than or equal to (M/2-1).
In the step d, the processing of the standardized subarray 1 pitch from low to high according to the hemispherical latitude means that the standardized subarray 1 pitch is processed from small to large.
The step of carrying out the distance processing of the standardized subarrays 1 from small to large specifically means that the distance between any adjacent standardized subarrays 1 positioned at the low latitude of the hemisphere is smaller than the distance between any adjacent standardized subarrays 1 positioned at the high latitude of the hemisphere.
The active modules include a transmitting active module 2 and a receiving active module 3.
In this embodiment, as a best mode, the mxn antenna units are formed into a standardized sub-array 1 by adopting a mode of common aperture arrangement of transceiver units, so that the shape of the array surface after being spliced is as close to a hemispherical shape as possible, and the method is suitable for integrated processing, and reduces the assembly difficulty.
Compared with the prior art that two independent hemispherical array surfaces are adopted for receiving and transmitting, the antenna erection site area is reduced, the use of an array surface power supply can be effectively reduced, and the overall manufacturing cost of the antenna is reduced.
The principle of the invention is as follows:
by rotating the adjacent planar subarrays by 90 degrees for installation, the emission active modules 2 and the receiving active modules 3 can be distributed in a scattered manner, so that the layout regularity is reduced, and the technical effect of inhibiting grating lobes is achieved; meanwhile, in the process of assembling the array into a whole array, the thinning processing is carried out by combining the far-near effect of a flying target, wherein the far-near effect of the target refers to that the target distance in a low elevation area is usually far, and the target distance in a high elevation area is usually near, so that the standardized subarray 1 in the low elevation area, namely the hemisphere with low latitude, is close to the mounting position, and the standardized subarray 1 in the high elevation area, namely the hemisphere with high latitude, can be arranged in a pulling distance mode, and the array has the technical effect of further reducing the power consumption and the cost of the array after the array is formed by assembling the array, which is equivalent to the thinning of the standardized subarray 1.
Claims (3)
1. The method for arranging the transmitting-receiving common aperture phased array antenna for inhibiting grating lobe generation is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
a. forming a standardized subarray (1) by adopting an M multiplied by N antenna unit in a mode of common aperture arrangement of a receiving and transmitting unit, and splicing W standardized subarrays (1) into a hemispherical array;
b. connecting an active module to perform active channel sparsification treatment;
c. performing array arrangement on the active modules twice;
d. when the hemispherical array is formed, the standard subarray (1) spacing is processed from low to high according to the hemispherical latitude, and the second sparsification processing is completed;
the active module comprises a transmitting active module (2) and a receiving active module (3);
in the step b, the active channel sparsification treatment specifically means that 1 path of active module is synthesized by adopting a 2×2 antenna unit and then connected with an active channel;
in the step c, the array specifically means that the number of the same active modules adjacently arranged in the horizontal, vertical and two diagonal directions is less than or equal to (M/2-1);
in the step d, the processing of the standardized subarray (1) spacing from low to high according to the hemispherical latitude means that the standardized subarray (1) spacing is processed from small to large; the step of carrying out the distance processing of the standardized subarrays (1) from small to large specifically means that the distance between any adjacent standardized subarrays (1) positioned at the low latitude of the hemisphere is smaller than the distance between any adjacent standardized subarrays (1) positioned at the high latitude of the hemisphere.
2. The method for arranging the transmitting-receiving common-aperture phased array antenna for inhibiting grating lobe generation according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step a, splicing the W standardized subarrays (1) into a hemispherical array specifically means that a planar subarray splicing mode is adopted for splicing.
3. The method for arranging the transmitting-receiving common-aperture phased array antenna for inhibiting grating lobe generation according to claim 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step a, when the standardized subarrays (1) are spliced, the adjacent planar subarrays are rotated by 90 degrees for installation.
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| CN101813764A (en) * | 2010-03-25 | 2010-08-25 | 电子科技大学 | Method for suppressing uniform ultra-sparse array antenna beam pointing fuzziness |
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| WO1993009577A1 (en) * | 1991-11-08 | 1993-05-13 | Calling Communications Corporation | Terrestrial antennas for satellite communication system |
| US6292134B1 (en) * | 1999-02-26 | 2001-09-18 | Probir K. Bondyopadhyay | Geodesic sphere phased array antenna system |
| CN103022699B (en) * | 2012-12-27 | 2015-02-11 | 北京理工大学 | Satellite-borne sparse phased-array multi-beam antenna with reflector |
| CN103985970A (en) * | 2014-04-28 | 2014-08-13 | 零八一电子集团有限公司 | Distribution method capable of restraining grating lobes of large-space phased-array antenna |
| EP3549200B1 (en) * | 2016-12-05 | 2022-06-29 | Cohere Technologies, Inc. | Fixed wireless access using orthogonal time frequency space modulation |
| CN106850030A (en) * | 2017-04-14 | 2017-06-13 | 桂林电子科技大学 | The diversity apparatus and method of reseptance of a kind of conformal array antenna of sphere based on airspace filter |
| CN111680414B (en) * | 2020-05-31 | 2022-07-08 | 西南电子技术研究所（中国电子科技集团公司第十研究所） | Method for sparsely reducing scale of spherical cylindrical surface array elements |
| CN112965041B (en) * | 2021-02-10 | 2023-08-01 | 西南电子技术研究所（中国电子科技集团公司第十研究所） | Differential array dividing method for wave control self-tracking of spherical phased array antenna |
| CN114843797B (en) * | 2022-04-12 | 2023-08-08 | 中国电子科技集团公司第十研究所 | Large-space array antenna based on subarray-level mixed array and design method |
| CN115275644A (en) * | 2022-06-24 | 2022-11-01 | 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 | Spherical conformal phased-array antenna and electronic equipment |
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