CN116025355A - Coal mining method for mining extremely thin coal seam - Google Patents
Coal mining method for mining extremely thin coal seam Download PDFInfo
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- CN116025355A CN116025355A CN202310308233.7A CN202310308233A CN116025355A CN 116025355 A CN116025355 A CN 116025355A CN 202310308233 A CN202310308233 A CN 202310308233A CN 116025355 A CN116025355 A CN 116025355A
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of thin coal seam mining, and particularly provides a coal mining method for mining an extremely thin coal seam. The coal mining method adopts two power front-mounted coal mining machines and a long-arm box body as coal mining equipment, the push-type coal mining is carried out on an extremely thin coal seam, mining belts are parallel to each other, after the coal mining work of one mining belt is completed by using one coal mining machine, the other coal mining machine is used for construction on an adjacent coal body, the other new mining belt is started, the long-arm box body is synchronously withdrawn from the previous mining belt along with the pushing of the mining work of the new mining belt, and the withdrawn long-arm box body is directly connected to the coal mining machine in the new mining belt in an abutting mode. The method adopts the transverse shaft drum shearer with smaller drum radius to carry out coal mining operation, the rock wall of the extremely thin coal seam is not damaged in the coal mining process, the long-arm boxes are alternately used in two adjacent mining bands, and a large number of long-arm boxes used in the coal mining operation cannot stay in a roadway in a concentrated manner.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of thin coal seam mining, and particularly provides a coal mining method for mining an extremely thin coal seam.
Background
In the aspect of industrial production, coal is taken as a main energy source in China, coal seams mined by well engineering operation are thin coal seams with the thickness of less than 1.3m, and the coal seams with the thickness of less than 0.9m are often called as ultra-thin coal seams.
At present, for mining of a thin coal seam, under the condition that the coal seam is provided with a soft rock top plate or a soft rock bottom plate, most mines select fully-mechanized mining technology and equipment for enlarging a mining height to cut the top or cut the bottom for mining, and the whole technology is mature and the cost is expected although equipment abrasion, material consumption and raw coal washing cost are increased, so that most enterprises accept the mining scheme easily.
Common coal mining machines include shearers, shearers and augers.
When the thin coal seam is mined by using a roller coal mining machine and a coal planer, the thickness of the thin coal seam is smaller than the mining scale of mining equipment, and a hard top plate and a hard bottom plate of the coal seam can be damaged in the mining process, so that the problems of large waste rock mining, high waste rock content of the mined coal, serious equipment loss, great washing and selecting cost and the like are generated;
an auger shearer is a type of coal mining equipment that is capable of achieving extremely thin seam mining. However, the drilling and production process is easily affected by different geological conditions, the gravity of the drill bit and the drill rod and unbalanced moment, so that the drill bit and the drill rod are often deflected in the drilling and production process, and the drilling and production depth is limited; the loading and unloading of the drill rod takes longer time, and the coal mining efficiency is seriously influenced; the small coal pillars are reserved in the drilling and production time according to the condition of the top plate, the production width is small, and the production efficiency and the resource production rate are low; especially, because the drilling technique is imperfect for disaster prevention and control measures such as gas, etc., the safety standard is cancelled.
Therefore, the existing thin coal seam comprehensive mechanized mining equipment can only adapt to coal seam mining with mining height larger than 0.9m, and has hard working conditions, even if an intelligent control mining technology is adopted, personnel still need to enter a working face to carry out maintenance or process accidents, the mining accident rate is increased, the material consumption is increased, the mining cost and the washing cost are greatly increased, and the economic benefit is low. For the coal seam with the hard thickness of the top and bottom plates smaller than 0.85m, comprehensive mechanized mining cannot be adopted, and even a high-grade common mining process is adopted, the method is only suitable for the coal seam with the thickness of more than 0.7 m; when mining coal beds with the height of less than 0.7m in small mines in coal-missing areas or for mining scarce coal types, only the original blasting and coal-dropping mode and the mode of manually discharging coal can be adopted.
In summary, aiming at the exploitation of the hard top and bottom plates of the coal seam or the ultra-thin coal seam, in particular to solving the exploitation problem of the protective layer under the hard top and bottom plates of the coal seam, the development of the intelligent exploitation technology and equipment of the thin and ultra-thin coal seam is urgent.
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a coal mining method for mining an extremely thin coal seam.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: the coal mining method for mining the extremely thin coal seam adopts two coal mining machines with front power and a long-arm box body as coal mining equipment, the coal mining machines are used for carrying out push-type coal mining on the extremely thin coal seam, mining belts are parallel to each other, after the coal mining work of one mining belt is completed by using one coal mining machine, the other coal mining machine is used for construction on an adjacent coal body, the other new mining belt is started, the long-arm box body is synchronously withdrawn from the previous mining belt along with the advance of the mining work of the new mining belt, and the withdrawn long-arm box body is directly connected to the coal mining machine in the new mining belt in a butt joint mode;
the coal mining method comprises the following specific steps:
step one, opening treatment is carried out on a roadway side metal net of a roadway;
step two, preparing work before coal mining construction;
thirdly, excavating the first mining belt, and ending the excavating of the first mining belt when the coal cutter is pushed to the maximum stroke;
fourthly, after the excavation work of the first mining area is finished, performing excavation work of the second mining area;
step five, withdrawing the first coal mining machine, moving the rail transportation equipment, preparing for the coal mining operation of the next mining zone, and processing the goaf of the first mining zone;
and step six, repeating the step four and the step five until all the mining work of the extremely thin coal seam is completed.
Further, in the first step, the concrete mode of opening treatment on the roadway side metal net of the roadway is as follows: and cutting an opening on the lane side metal net of the lane.
Further, in the second step, the preparation work before coal mining construction specifically comprises the following steps: and (3) moving the rail transportation equipment to an opening, paving a transfer conveyor in the roadway at one side close to the mining roadway side along the roadway direction, hoisting the first coal mining machine to the opening position through a lifting appliance, and adjusting the angle of the coal mining machine.
Further, in the third step, the specific flow of the excavation work of the first mining zone is as follows: starting a first coal mining machine, wherein the first coal mining machine is propelled along a current mining belt;
meanwhile, the long-arm box body is transported into the roadway, and the long-arm box body is butted section by section at the tail part of the first coal mining machine along with the propulsion of the first coal mining machine.
Further, in the fourth step, the specific flow of the excavation work for the second mining zone is as follows: after the excavation of the first mining belt is completed, repeating the opening treatment in the first step, and calling a second coal mining machine to excavate the second mining belt;
starting a second coal mining machine, wherein the second coal mining machine is propelled along the current mining belt;
at the same time, the long-arm box body in the first mining belt is withdrawn, and the withdrawn long-arm box body is butted to the tail part of the second coal mining machine.
In the fourth step, before the excavation work of the second mining area is started, the long-arm box body in the first mining area is withdrawn from one section for standby.
In the fifth step, the goaf is treated by means of plugging and grouting.
And step six, after the mining work of the ultra-thin coal seam is finished, the coal mining machine and the long-arm box body are completely withdrawn from the roadway, and the processing work of the final goaf is finished.
The beneficial effects of using the invention are as follows:
the method adopts the transverse shaft drum shearer with smaller drum radius to carry out coal mining operation, and the rock wall of the extremely thin coal seam is not damaged in the coal mining process, so that the problems of large waste rock extraction, high waste rock content of the mined coal, serious equipment loss, great increase of washing and selecting cost and the like are avoided;
the long-arm box bodies are alternately used in two adjacent mining bands, a large number of long-arm box bodies used in coal mining work cannot intensively stay in a roadway, and the problems that the long-arm box bodies occupy a large number of roadway spaces, affect other work expansion and even cause potential safety hazards are avoided.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an axial schematic view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a roadway side and a roadway side metal net in the direction A-A in FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of alternate mining operation in the direction B-B in FIG. 1.
The reference numerals include: 1-roadway; 101-lane side metal mesh; 2-rock mass; 3-an extremely thin coal seam; 301-mining the belt; 302-coal pillar; 401-rail transport equipment; 402-long arm box; 403-a first shearer; 404-a secondary shearer; p-coal seam inclination direction; q-roadway direction.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 1-3, a roadway 1 is a working space for construction, an extremely thin coal layer 3 is a coal mine reservoir to be excavated, the upper and lower parts of the extremely thin coal layer 3 are rock masses 2, and in the process of constructing the roadway 1, a roadway wall metal net 101 for supporting is constructed on a roadway wall;
the mining belt 301 is a belt-shaped space left on a coal body in the process of carrying out coal mining operation, and when the coal mining operation of the current mining belt 301 is completed, the mining belt 301 is classified as a goaf after the coal mining machine withdraws from the mining belt 301;
the mining equipment mainly comprises a rail transportation device 401, a long-arm box body 402 and two coal mining machines, wherein a rail for the rail transportation device 401 to travel is paved in a roadway 1;
the rail transportation equipment 401 mainly comprises a rail car and two sets of propulsion mechanisms;
the long-arm box body 402 mainly comprises two spiral conveying rods and a steel box body, and the multi-section long-arm box body 402 can be connected end to end;
the coal mining machine mainly comprises a machine head, a machine body and a travelling mechanism, wherein the machine head is cutting equipment, the machine body is conveying equipment, the travelling mechanism is assembled at the bottoms of the machine head and the machine body and is used for providing power for driving the coal mining machine to propel, and the machine body can be in butt joint with the long-arm box body 402 to form a continuous conveying mechanism;
preferably, the coal mining machine adopts a transverse shaft roller type structure, the width of the machine head is 2400mm, the diameter of the cutting head is 500mm, a height-adjusting oil cylinder is arranged at the cutting head, and the adjustable range is 500 mm-1200 mm.
The coal mining method for mining the ultra-thin coal seam comprises the following specific steps of:
step one, cutting an opening on a roadway side metal net 101 of a roadway 1, wherein the opening is an opening of a mining belt 301;
the height of the cut-off roadway side metal net 101 is larger than the thickness of the coal seam, and the cut-off width is larger than the width of the head of the coal mining machine;
step two, moving the track transportation equipment 401 to an opening, paving a reversed loader along the roadway direction Q on one side of the roadway 1 close to the mining roadway side, and hoisting the first coal mining machine 403 to the opening position through a lifting appliance;
the angle of the machine body is adjusted to ensure that the advancing direction is consistent with the coal seam tilting direction P when the first shearer 403 is operated.
Starting a first coal mining machine 403 to perform excavation work of a first mining zone;
in the excavating process, along with the propulsion of the first coal cutter 403, transporting the long-arm box bodies 402 into the roadway 1 one by one through a lifting appliance, and butting the long-arm box bodies 402 with the tail part of the body of the first coal cutter 403 by using a propulsion mechanism (when the long-arm box bodies 402 are in butt joint, the first coal cutter 403 temporarily stops running);
the first coal mining machine 403 conveys the coal cut from the extremely thin coal seam 3 to the opening of the mining belt 301 through the machine body or the long arm box body 402 of the first coal mining machine 403, the coal falls on the transfer conveyor, and then the transfer conveyor conveys the coal to the rubber belt conveyor paved in the roadway, and finally the conveyor conveys the coal to the coal bin in the mining area;
the excavation depth is formulated according to the coal seam and the surrounding geological environment, the first coal mining machine 403 is stopped after being excavated to the designated depth, and the excavation work of the first mining belt 301 is completed.
Fourthly, excavating a second mining area;
repeating the first step, cutting an opening of a second mining belt on one side of a roadway of the first mining belt, and then hoisting a second coal mining machine 404 to the position of the opening through a lifting appliance;
starting a second coal cutter 404 to excavate a second mining zone;
synchronously withdrawing the long-arm box 402 in the first mining zone according to the excavation speed of the second mining zone, and butting the withdrawn long-arm box 402 to the tail of the second coal mining machine 404;
when the excavation work of the second mining zone is completed, the long arm boxes 402 in the first mining zone are all withdrawn and assembled into the second mining zone;
the long arm box 402 in the first mining zone is withdrawn from the section before the second mining zone is excavated, so that the smoothness of the butt joint operation of the long arm box 402 is ensured.
Step five, withdrawing the first coal mining machine 403, moving the track transportation equipment 401, and processing the goaf;
after the excavation work of the second mining belt is finished, withdrawing the first coal cutter 403 in the first mining belt, moving the track transportation equipment 401 by a distance of one coal cutter position along the roadway direction Q, then moving the first coal cutter 403 from one side of the second mining belt to the other side of the second mining belt through a lifting appliance, repeating the coal mining operation flow of the second mining belt and the butt joint flow of the long-arm box body 402 in the fourth step, and implementing the excavation work of the third mining belt;
and (5) treating the goaf in a plugging grouting mode.
Step six, repeatedly repeating the operation of the step five, and continuously excavating a plurality of mining belts 301 until all the mining work of the extremely thin coal layer 3 is completed;
after the mining work of the extremely thin seam 3 is completed, the two coal mining machines and all the long-arm boxes 402 are withdrawn, and the coal mining machines and the long-arm boxes 402 are transported out of the roadway by matching with a lifting appliance and a rail car.
Note that during the coal mining operation, coal pillars 302 are reserved between two adjacent mining belts 301;
the width of the coal pillar is not less than 500mm.
The foregoing is merely exemplary of the present invention, and many variations may be made in the specific embodiments and application scope of the invention by those skilled in the art based on the spirit of the invention, as long as the variations do not depart from the gist of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. A coal mining method for mining an extremely thin coal seam, characterized by: adopting two power front-mounted coal mining machines and a long-arm box body as coal mining equipment, carrying out push-type coal mining on an extremely thin coal seam, enabling mining belts to be parallel to each other, using one coal mining machine to finish the coal mining work of one mining belt, using the other coal mining machine to construct on an adjacent coal body, starting the other new mining belt, synchronously withdrawing the long-arm box body from the previous mining belt along with the pushing of the mining work of the new mining belt, and directly butt-jointing the withdrawn long-arm box body to the coal mining machine in the new mining belt;
the coal mining method comprises the following specific steps:
step one, opening treatment is carried out on a roadway side metal net of a roadway;
step two, preparing work before coal mining construction;
thirdly, excavating the first mining belt, and ending the excavating of the first mining belt when the coal cutter is pushed to the maximum stroke;
fourthly, after the excavation work of the first mining area is finished, performing excavation work of the second mining area;
step five, withdrawing the first coal mining machine, moving the rail transportation equipment, preparing for the coal mining operation of the next mining zone, and processing the goaf of the first mining zone;
and step six, repeating the step four and the step five until all the mining work of the extremely thin coal seam is completed.
2. A coal mining method for mining extremely thin coal seam as in claim 1, wherein: in the first step, the concrete mode of opening treatment for the roadway side metal net of the roadway is as follows: and cutting an opening on the lane side metal net of the lane.
3. A coal mining method for mining extremely thin coal seam as in claim 1, wherein: in the second step, the preparation work before coal mining construction specifically comprises the following steps: and (3) moving the rail transportation equipment to an opening, paving a transfer conveyor in the roadway at one side close to the mining roadway side along the roadway direction, hoisting the first coal mining machine to the opening position through a lifting appliance, and adjusting the angle of the coal mining machine.
4. A coal mining method for mining extremely thin coal seam as in claim 1, wherein: in the third step, the specific flow of the excavation work of the first mining area is as follows: starting a first coal mining machine, wherein the first coal mining machine is propelled along a current mining belt;
meanwhile, the long-arm box body is transported into the roadway, and the long-arm box body is butted section by section at the tail part of the first coal mining machine along with the propulsion of the first coal mining machine.
5. A coal mining method for mining extremely thin coal seam as in claim 1, wherein: in the fourth step, the specific flow of the excavation work of the second mining area is as follows: after the excavation of the first mining belt is completed, repeating the opening treatment in the first step, and calling a second coal mining machine to excavate the second mining belt;
starting a second coal mining machine, wherein the second coal mining machine is propelled along the current mining belt;
at the same time, the long-arm box body in the first mining belt is withdrawn, and the withdrawn long-arm box body is butted to the tail part of the second coal mining machine.
6. A coal mining method for mining extremely thin coal seam as in claim 1, wherein: and step four, before the excavation work of the second mining belt begins, the long-arm box body in the first mining belt is withdrawn from one section for standby.
7. A coal mining method for mining extremely thin coal seam as in claim 1, wherein: and fifthly, treating the goaf in a plugging grouting mode.
8. A coal mining method for mining extremely thin coal seam as in claim 1, wherein: and step six, after the mining work of the extremely thin coal seam is completed, all the coal mining machine and the long-arm box body are withdrawn from the roadway, and the processing work of the final goaf is completed.
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