CN116019165A - Plant extract for reducing abdominal fat deposition of broiler chickens and improving meat quality and application thereof - Google Patents
Plant extract for reducing abdominal fat deposition of broiler chickens and improving meat quality and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a plant extract for reducing abdominal fat deposition of broiler chickens and improving meat quality and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of poultry feeds. The plant extract is a crude extract of anoectochilus formosanus, and the invention also provides a specific preparation method of the crude extract of anoectochilus formosanus and an application case of the crude extract of anoectochilus formosanus in broiler feed. The mass percentage of the anoectochilus roxburghii crude extract in the broiler feed is 0.15-0.30%. The experimental result of the invention proves that the anoectochilus roxburghii crude extract has the effects of obviously reducing fat deposition in the abdomen of the broiler chickens and improving the meat quality for the first time, thereby providing a new idea for solving the problems faced by the production of the broiler chickens.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of poultry feeds, and particularly relates to a plant extract for reducing abdominal fat deposition of broiler chickens and improving meat quality and application thereof.
Background
Meat is one of the indispensable foods in human daily life. Chicken is popular with consumers because of the unique advantages of tender meat, high protein, low fat and easy digestion and absorption, and is the second largest meat product in China. However, in recent decades, due to excessive attention to weight and growth speed, various negative effects, such as excessive fat deposition in abdomen caused by excessive fattening and meat quality degradation caused by excessive pursuit of growth speed, are caused, and healthy development of the broiler industry is restricted.
Belly fat is an important slaughtering performance of broilers, and excessive belly fat deposition can cause problems of reduction of feed conversion rate, carcass quality, laying rate, fertility rate and hatching rate of broilers, environmental pollution and the like. Meanwhile, with the rise of the living standard of people, the demand of the market for broiler chickens is changed from quantity to quality, and consumers are increasingly concerned about the flavor, tenderness, nutritional value and the like of chicken. Therefore, reduction of abdominal fat, improvement of meat quality has become a new goal in the current broiler industry.
Reduction of abdominal fat and improvement of meat quality can be achieved by two approaches, genetic breeding and nutritional regulation. The nutrition regulation and control has the advantages of short period, lower cost and the like, and is widely applied to production practice. The common nutrition regulating measures at present comprise adding plant extracts, mineral elements, vitamins and the like into feed or drinking water. The plant extract is rich in various active ingredients such as flavone, polysaccharide, phenol, glycoside, alkaloid and the like, has low production cost, and some specific plant extracts have the effects of resisting oxidation, resisting inflammation, reducing blood sugar and blood fat, improving intestinal health and the like, and are the most widely used nutrition regulation means at present. For example, the addition of a certain amount of tea polyphenol in drinking water can obviously reduce the abdominal fat rate and serum Triglyceride (TG) of the broiler chickens, and the addition of a proper amount of yew leaf powder in the feed can obviously increase the crude fat content of pectoral muscles of the broiler chickens and improve the meat quality. However, it is difficult to achieve both reduction of abdominal fat deposition and improvement of meat quality. Therefore, the search for green and safe plant extracts which can reduce abdominal fat and improve chicken quality has important significance and better market prospect.
The anoectochilus formosanus is also called anoectochilus formosanus, is a plant of orchidaceae, is a perennial precious traditional Chinese medicine, and is mainly distributed in Fujian, guangdong, guangxi and other places in China. Anoectochilus roxburghii contains various active components such as alkaloid, polysaccharide, flavone, amino acid, etc., and is often used as health food such as Anoectochilus roxburghii tea and Anoectochilus roxburghii soup in folk, or for treating hemoptysis, bronchitis, nephritis, etc. However, the report of anoectochilus roxburghii in livestock and poultry cultivation is still very rare at present, and particularly, a large development space is provided in the aspects of livestock and poultry abdominal fat deposition and meat quality.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a plant extract for reducing abdominal fat deposition of broiler chickens and improving meat quality and application thereof, and aims to solve the problems of excessive abdominal fat deposition, reduced meat quality and the like in modern broiler chicken production.
The aim of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a plant extract for reducing fat deposition on the abdomen of broiler chickens and improving meat quality, wherein the plant extract is a crude extract of anoectochilus roxburghii.
The anoectochilus formosanus crude extract is prepared by the following method:
pulverizing dried herba Anoectochili Roxburghii into powder, sieving with 200 mesh sieve, dividing herba Anoectochili Roxburghii powder into 100g portions, refluxing with 500ml 95% ethanol at a ratio of 1g to 5ml, repeatedly extracting for 3 times and 3 hr each time, stirring once every 30min, filtering with gauze for two times, filtering with suction filtration device, mixing filtrates, removing residue, steaming to obtain concentrated solution, drying the concentrated solution to obtain extract, drying, and pulverizing to obtain herba Anoectochili Roxburghii crude extract.
In a preferred embodiment, the powder is pulverized into powder by placing the powder in a pulverizer a plurality of times.
In a preferred embodiment, the rotary evaporation is performed at 50 ℃ under reduced pressure to obtain a concentrated solution.
In a preferred embodiment, the drying is in a water bath at 60 ℃.
The application of the plant extract for reducing abdominal fat deposition of broiler chickens and improving meat quality in broiler chicken feed.
As a preferred embodiment, the mass percentage of the anoectochilus formosanus crude extract in the broiler feed is 0.15-0.30%.
As a preferred embodiment, the broiler feed consists of the following components in percentage by mass,
the premix comprises the following components: vitamin A,6000IU; vitamin D3, 200IU; vitamin E10IU; vitamin K0.50 mg; vitamin B12.007 μg; pantothenic acid 2.99mg; 1.63mg of riboflavin; copper 1.25mg; 24.06mg of manganese; 12.70mg of zinc; selenium 0.06mg; iodide 0.35mg.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
compared with a control group, the pectoral muscle rate and the leg muscle rate of a test group (anoectochilus roxburghii crude extract addition group) are obviously increased, and the abdominal fat, subcutaneous fat and intramuscular fat width are obviously reduced, so that the anoectochilus roxburghii crude extract has the effects of improving slaughter performance and reducing body fat deposition; in terms of meat quality, compared with a control group, the pH, conductivity and TG levels of chicken are obviously increased, and the shearing force is obviously reduced, so that the anoectochilus roxburghii crude extract has the effect of improving the water retention, tenderness and flavor of chicken, namely the chicken quality is improved; meanwhile, the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in the test group are obviously higher than those in the control group, which shows that the addition of the anoectochilus formosanus crude extract in the feed can improve the antioxidation level of chicken, thereby prolonging the shelf life and improving the meat quality. In conclusion, the anoectochilus roxburghii crude extract has the effects of obviously reducing abdominal fat deposition of broiler chickens and improving meat quality, and provides a new idea for solving the problems faced by broiler chicken breeding.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a photograph of abdominal fat of yellow-feather broilers in an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a graph showing the results of the abdominal fat H & E sections and the average abdominal fat cell areas of yellow-feathered broilers in the example of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and fully with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is evident that the embodiments described are only some, but not all embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
The method for reducing fat deposition on the abdomen of the broiler chickens by using nutrition means and improving meat quality is one of the targets pursued by the current broiler chicken production. However, it is difficult for the current technology to achieve the above objects at the same time. In order to solve the technical problem, the invention provides a plant extract for reducing abdominal fat deposition of broiler chickens and improving meat quality and application thereof, and provides a solution for the problems faced in broiler chicken production.
Example 1
1) Test animals and test design
The experiment selects 90 yellow-feather chickens of 21 days of age to be randomly divided into 3 groups (5 replicates of each group and 6 replicates of each group). Adopting an illumination system of 12h illumination and 12h darkness, and feeding for 42 days.
2) Feed stuff
2.1 Crude extract of anoectochilus formosanus
Pulverizing dried anoectochilus formosanus into powder in a pulverizer for a small amount of times, sieving with a 200-mesh sieve, dividing into 100g portions, refluxing with 500ml of 95% ethanol according to the ratio of 1g to 5ml, repeatedly extracting for 3 times and 3 hours each time, stirring once every 30min, filtering once with gauze and a suction filtration device respectively, mixing filtrates, discarding filter residues, performing reduced pressure rotary evaporation at 50deg.C to obtain concentrated solution, drying the concentrated solution in a water bath kettle at 60deg.C to obtain about 15ml of extract, drying and pulverizing to obtain anoectochilus formosanus crude extract.
2.2 Formula of feed
In order to study the influence of the addition of the anoectochilus roxburghii crude extract to the fat metabolism of the broiler chickens, the test group respectively adds 0.15% of the anoectochilus roxburghii crude extract and 0.30% of the anoectochilus roxburghii crude extract on the basis of the control group feed.
Table 1: feed formula
The premix compound 1 Comprises the following components: vitamin A,6000IU; vitamin D3, 200IU; vitamin E,10IU; vitamin K0.50 mg; vitamin B12.007 μg; pantothenic acid 2.99mg; 1.63mg of riboflavin; copper 1.25mg; 24.06mg of manganese; 12.70mg of zinc; selenium 0.06mg; iodide 0.35mg.
The feed comprises the following nutritional components: the metabolizable energy is 13.052MJ/kg; the crude protein content was 12.976%; lysine content was 0.600%; methionine content was 0.590%.
3) Sample collection and measurement
3.1 Growth performance and slaughter performance
3.1.1 Growth performance)
And respectively weighing and measuring the feed intake on the day 0 and the day 42 of the experiment in a fasting manner, and obtaining average daily feed intake according to a standard calculation formula.
3.1.2 Slaughter Performance
On test day 42, the chickens were fasted for 12 hours, 2 chickens each with a weight close to the average weight and a good mental state were slaughtered, their weights, carcass weights, total eviscerate weights, pectoral muscle weights, leg muscle weights were measured, and slaughter rate, total eviscerate, abdominal fat rate, pectoral muscle rate, leg muscle rate, and the like were calculated.
3.2 Body fat changes
After opening the bore, the intramuscular fat width and subcutaneous fat thickness were measured with a vernier caliper, the abdominal fat was weighed and a small amount was taken for the production of H & E sections. Sections were observed and photographed with an optical microscope and adipocyte size was determined and analyzed with image j software.
3.3 Meat quality index
3.3.1 Meat quality index
After slaughter, a small amount of pectoral muscle at the same location was frozen for TG level determination. The left pectoral muscle and the left leg muscle are used for measuring indexes such as pH value, flesh color, water-holding power, shearing force and the like 45min after slaughtering, and the right pectoral muscle is stored in a refrigerator at 4 ℃ for 24h meat quality index measurement.
3.3.2 Index of muscle antioxidant
Taking a certain amount of pectoral muscle tissue samples, and adding normal saline into the pectoral muscle tissue samples according to a proportion for mechanical homogenate for later use. Chest muscle SOD, GSH-Px, malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were measured according to the kit instructions.
The experimental results are as follows:
1. growth and carcass traits
1.1, influence of Anoectochilus roxburghii crude extract on survival condition of broiler chickens
The control group and the test group have no obvious abnormality in mental state and eating desire, and each group has no disease condition.
1.2 influence of Anoectochilus roxburghii crude extract on growth and carcass properties of broiler chickens
As can be seen from table 2, under the same feeding conditions, compared with the control group, the feed intake, the total evisceration rate and the slaughter rate of the broiler chickens of the test group are not significantly changed, and the weight is significantly reduced; the pectoral muscle rate of the control group is 8.03%, and the pectoral muscle rates of the test group are respectively 10.13% and 10.16%, which are remarkably higher than those of the control group; the leg muscle rate of the control group was 13.29%, and the leg muscle rates of the test group were 14.75% and 15.02%, respectively, with a significant increase. The experiment shows that the coarse anoectochilus formosanus extract with proper concentration can still obviously increase pectoral muscle rate and leg muscle rate and improve carcass quality of broiler chickens under the condition of weight reduction.
Table 2: influence of Anoectochilus roxburghii crude extract on growth performance and slaughtering performance of broiler chickens
2. Effect of Anoectochilus roxburghii crude extract on body fat deposition of broiler chickens
As can be seen from fig. 1 and table 3, the experimental group had a abdominal fat weight of 20.62g and 20.33g, respectively, with a significant decrease in abdominal fat weight relative to the control group 34.42 g; the abdomen fat rate of the test group is 4.77 percent and is obviously lower than that of the control group by 7.59 percent; meanwhile, compared with a control group, the subcutaneous fat thickness and the intramuscular fat width of the test group are also obviously reduced; as can be seen from fig. 2, the test group had significantly lower adipocyte size than the control group, with 0.15% addition being the most significant on the reduction of abdominal adipocytes.
The body fat deposition body fat of livestock and poultry mainly comprises three kinds of abdominal fat, subcutaneous fat and muscle fat. Abdominal fat and subcutaneous fat are all unfavorable factors in the livestock industry, intramuscular fat is wide, the deposition of the reactant fat can be realized to a certain extent, and the feed conversion rate and meat quality can be reduced due to excessive deposition of the abdominal fat, the subcutaneous fat and the intramuscular fat. The experimental results show that no matter 0.15% and 0.30% of the anoectochilus roxburghii crude extract has obvious reduction on abdominal fat, subcutaneous fat and intramuscular fat width, so that the anoectochilus roxburghii crude extract is considered to have good lipid-lowering effect.
Table 3: effect of Anoectochilus roxburghii crude extract on body fat deposition of broiler chickens
3. Influence of anoectochilus formosanus crude extract on meat quality and muscle antioxidant capacity of broiler chickens
3.1 Effect of Anoectochilus roxburghii crude extract on meat quality of broiler chickens
As can be seen from table 4, there was no significant difference in the chest muscle color between the test group for 45min and 24h compared with the control group; the pH of pectoral muscle is obviously higher than that of a control group 45min after the test group is slaughtered, the pH is closer to a neutral level, and the pH of the pectoral muscle is slightly higher than that of the control group after 24h, but no obvious difference exists; the conductivity of pectoral muscles is obviously higher than that of a control group 45min after slaughter of the test group; the pectoral muscle shear force of the test group is 3.83 and 3.05 respectively and is lower than that of the control group and is 4.27, wherein the 0.30% anoectochilus roxburghii extract group is obviously lower than that of the control group; in terms of pectoral muscle TG, the 0.15% anoectochilus roxburghii extract group was significantly higher than the control group, while the 0.30% anoectochilus roxburghii extract group was not significantly changed from the control group. In the case of the leg muscles, the pH was higher than the control group 45min after slaughter of the test group, but there was no significant difference.
In a normal state, the pH value of the muscle is neutral and gradually decreases after slaughter, and in the experiment, the pH value of the test group is closer to the neutral level than that of the control group no matter the pectoral muscle and the leg muscle are 45 minutes or 24 hours after slaughter, so that the test group has better water retention performance; the research shows that the conductivity of fresh meat is positively correlated with the protein content and the inorganic matter content, the change value of the conductivity is negatively correlated with the fresh-keeping capability, the pectoral muscle conductivity of a test group is obviously higher than that of a control group after slaughtering for 45min, the pectoral muscle conductivity of the test group possibly contains higher protein and inorganic matter content, and the conductivity difference of the test group shows a shrinking trend at 24h, so that the meat of the test group possibly has the fresh-keeping capability; the shearing force is an important index for reacting tenderness, the smaller the shearing force is, the more tender the meat is, in the experiment, the shearing force is lower than that of a control group no matter how much the anoectochilus roxburghii crude extract is added, and the anoectochilus roxburghii crude extract is indicated to have the function of reducing chicken shearing force; TG is an important component of intramuscular fat, and a certain amount of intramuscular fat can improve tenderness, juiciness and flavor of chicken, and in this experiment, the TG level of the test group is significantly higher than that of the control group, which indicates that adding a proper amount of crude anoectochilus roxburghii extract into the feed can increase the TG level of chicken, thereby improving meat quality.
Table 4: influence of Anoectochilus roxburghii crude extract on meat quality of broiler chickens
pH value: the pH value of meat chicken muscle has influence on the color, tenderness, water retention, flavor and shelf life of meat, and is an important index for evaluating the quality of meat;
triglyceride (TG): is one of the main components of fatty molecules formed by long-chain fatty acid and glycerin and intramuscular fat;
intramuscular fat: is mainly located on the epicardium, the fascicularis and the endometrium, and is related to the tenderness and flavor of the muscles.
3.2 Effect of crude extract of Anoectochilus formosanus on antioxidant ability of meat chicken muscle
As can be seen from table 5, the SOD levels of the test groups were 21.54, 22.55, respectively, significantly higher than the control, 13.26; for GSH-Px, GSH-Px levels were significantly higher in the 0.15% Anoectochilus roxburghii crude extract group than in the control group; there was no significant difference in MDA levels. SOD and GSH-Px are important antioxidant enzymes of organisms, lipid peroxidation can be prevented and controlled by improving the activity of the antioxidant enzymes, the shelf life of meat is prolonged, in the experiment, the SOD level of a test group is obviously higher than that of a control group, and the GSH-Px level of a 0.15% anoectochilus formosanus crude extract group is obviously higher than that of the control group, so that the antioxidant capacity of muscles can be improved by a certain amount of anoectochilus formosanus crude extract, and the shelf life is prolonged.
Table 5: influence of Anoectochilus roxburghii crude extract on oxidation resistance of meat chicken muscle
Superoxide dismutase (SOD): is an important component member of an antioxidant enzyme system in a biological system, can catalyze superoxide anion free radical disproportionation to generate oxygen and hydrogen peroxide, plays a vital role in the oxidation and antioxidant balance of the organism, and is an important index of the fresh-keeping capability and shelf life of the reaction meat;
glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px): is an important antioxidant in animals and plants, can prevent active oxygen such as free radical, peroxide, lipid peroxide, heavy metal and the like from damaging important cell components, and is an important index of the fresh-keeping capability and shelf life of the reaction meat;
malondialdehyde (MDA): oxygen radicals act on unsaturated fatty acids of lipids to produce peroxidized lipids, which gradually decompose into a complex series of compounds including MDA, which are a common indicator of membrane lipid peroxidation.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
in order to facilitate verification of the effect of the anoectochilus roxburghii crude extract in broiler chicken raising, a fattening stage before broiler chicken slaughtering is simulated by adding a certain amount of animal fat into the feed, and the anoectochilus roxburghii crude extracts with different concentrations are added into a test group on the basis and treated for 42 days. The results show that the chest muscle rate and the leg muscle rate of the test group are obviously increased, and the abdominal fat, subcutaneous fat and intramuscular fat width are obviously reduced, so that the anoectochilus roxburghii crude extract has the effects of improving slaughter performance and reducing body fat deposition; in terms of meat quality, compared with a control group, the test group has the advantages that the chicken pH is obvious, the conductivity and TG level are obviously increased compared with the control group, and the shearing force is obviously reduced, so that the anoectochilus roxburghii crude extract has the effect of improving the water retention, tenderness and flavor of chicken, namely the chicken quality is improved; meanwhile, the SOD and GSH-Px levels of the test group are obviously higher than those of the control group, which shows that the addition of the anoectochilus formosanus crude extract in the feed can improve the muscle antioxidant level, thereby prolonging the shelf life and improving the meat quality. In conclusion, the anoectochilus roxburghii crude extract has obvious effects of reducing abdominal fat deposition of broiler chickens and improving meat quality. The invention utilizes abundant bioactive components in the anoectochilus roxburghii crude extract, and discovers that the anoectochilus roxburghii crude extract can reduce abdominal fat deposition of broiler chickens and improve meat quality for the first time, thereby providing a new idea for solving the problems faced by broiler chicken breeding.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the invention is not intended to be limiting, but rather is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and principles of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. A plant extract for reducing abdominal fat deposition and improving meat quality of broiler chickens, characterized in that: the plant extract is a crude extract of anoectochilus roxburghii.
2. The plant extract for reducing abdominal fat deposition and improving meat quality of broiler chickens according to claim 1, wherein: the anoectochilus formosanus crude extract is prepared by the following method:
pulverizing dried herba Anoectochili Roxburghii into powder, sieving with 200 mesh sieve, dividing herba Anoectochili Roxburghii powder into 100g portions, refluxing with 500ml 95% ethanol at a ratio of 1g to 5ml, repeatedly extracting for 3 times and 3 hr each time, stirring once every 30min, filtering with gauze for two times, filtering with suction filtration device, mixing filtrates, removing residue, steaming to obtain concentrated solution, drying the concentrated solution to obtain extract, drying, and pulverizing to obtain herba Anoectochili Roxburghii crude extract.
3. The plant extract for reducing abdominal fat deposition and improving meat quality of broiler chickens according to claim 2, wherein: the grinding is carried out in a small amount for many times in a pulverizer to be ground into powder.
4. The plant extract for reducing abdominal fat deposition and improving meat quality of broiler chickens according to claim 2, wherein: the rotary evaporation is carried out to obtain concentrated solution, and the concentrated solution is obtained by decompression rotary evaporation at 50 ℃.
5. The plant extract for reducing abdominal fat deposition and improving meat quality of broiler chickens according to claim 2, wherein: the drying is drying in a water bath kettle at 60 ℃.
6. Use of a plant extract according to any one of claims 1-5 for reducing abdominal fat deposition and improving meat quality in broiler feed.
7. The use of a plant extract for reducing abdominal fat deposition and improving meat quality in broiler feed according to claim 6, characterized in that: the mass percentage of the anoectochilus formosanus crude extract in the broiler feed is 0.15-0.30%.
8. The use of a plant extract for reducing abdominal fat deposition and improving meat quality in broiler feed according to claim 6, characterized in that: the broiler feed consists of the following components in percentage by mass,
the vitamin premix comprises the following components: vitamin A,6000IU; vitamin D3, 200IU;
vitamin E,10IU; vitamin K0.5 mg; vitamin B12.007 μg; pantothenic acid 2.99mg; 1.63mg of riboflavin; copper 1.25mg; 24.06mg of manganese; 12.70mg of zinc; selenium 0.06mg; iodide 0.35mg.
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| CN117298141A (en) * | 2023-11-24 | 2023-12-29 | 青岛市畜牧工作站(青岛市畜牧兽医研究所) | Application of polysaccharide in reducing chicken abdomen fat deposition |
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| CN117298141A (en) * | 2023-11-24 | 2023-12-29 | 青岛市畜牧工作站(青岛市畜牧兽医研究所) | Application of polysaccharide in reducing chicken abdomen fat deposition |
| CN117298141B (en) * | 2023-11-24 | 2024-04-05 | 青岛市畜牧工作站(青岛市畜牧兽医研究所) | Application of polysaccharide in reducing chicken abdomen fat deposition |
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