CN103039741A - Daily ration regulation and control method for reducing mutton drip loss - Google Patents
Daily ration regulation and control method for reducing mutton drip loss Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to application of a licorice extract as an additive agent of mutton daily ration for reducing mutton drip loss. According to the invention, the licorice extract which is highly matched with main mutton producing area of China is added in the mutton daily ration, so that the oxidation resistance of the mutton can be improved from the daily ration nutrition regulation perspective, the water retention performance of the mutton is improved, the mutton drip loss is reduced, therefore, the mutton quality is improved, and the product competitiveness is increased.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the feeding method field of sheep, relate to specifically a kind of diet regulating and controlling method that reduces the mutton drip loss.
Background technology
Approximately contain 75% water in the muscle, 20% protein, 5% fat, and a small amount of carbohydrate, vitamin and mineral matter etc.Wherein, the characteristics such as mutton has the protein content height, and cholesterol level is low are the traditional food and medicament dual-purpose of China, nutritious meat product, also are the good merchantable brands of nourishing winter.
Butcher, in the storage, process, the moisture of muscle is easy to run off.Muscle can have certain constraint ability to moisture by physical aspect and the chemical constitution of self, and being called is waterpower.The size that is waterpower is described through drip loss commonly used, and drip loss is the most important index of weighing meat.The research report, drip loss is generally 1-3%(Offer etc. in the fresh meat, The structural basis of the water-holding, appearance and toughness of meat and meat-products, 1989), PSE meat inferior in addition can reach 10%(Melogy etc., Early postmortem biochemical factors influence tenderness and water-holding capacity of three porcine muscles, 2004).The moisture loss meeting brings soluble protein (Savage etc., The amount and composition of the proteins in drip from stored pig meat, 1990), solubility flavor substance (Lawrie etc., Meat Science[M] .6th ed.Cambridge:Woodhead Publishing Limited, 1998) and the loss of ferroheme (Luciano etc., Dietary tannins improve lamb meat colour stability, 2009).Therefore, drip loss all has great importance to the physical aspect of meat, local flavor, yellowish pink etc., and drip loss also has important economic implications simultaneously, and high drip loss means that moisture runs off in a large number, causes muscle weight to reduce, and brings economic loss.
Several factors can affect drip loss, wherein the free radical of oxidative stress generation is one of key factor (Huff-Lonergan and Lonergan, Mechanisms of water-holding capacity of meat:the role of postmortem biochemical and structural changes, 2005).Especially in recent years, the use of various heredity, fattening technology, and the inducing of the unfavorable factor such as breeding environment cause the sheep vivo oxidation stress be more and more serious, produce a large amount of free radicals.Oxidation reaction can occur with muscle protein, fat in free radical, and changes its chemical constitution and physiological function, increases drip loss.
Free radical extracts hydrogen atom or oxidized protein sulfydryl from the protein and peptide chain, cause amino acid whose modification reaction, and initiation secondary reaction, make between polypeptide chain occur crosslinked, generate bridged bond or staggered bond, cause the change of protein structure, make the impaired (Martinaud etc. of its biologically active, Comparison of oxidative processes on myofibrillar proteins from beef during maturation and by different model oxidation systems, 1997).The protein oxidation sex change, reduced the net charge amount of being with, reduced the constraint ability to moisture, while protein generation cross-linking reaction, reduced the space that moisture stores, thereby improve drip loss (Huff-Lonergan and Lonergan, Mechanisms of water-holding capacityof meat:the role of postmortem biochemical and structural changes, 2005).Aliphatic acid, the especially unrighted acid of free radical on also can the attack cells film increases the permeability of film, improves drip loss.
Antioxidant can be removed free radical, improves the muscle antioxygenic property, and then reduces drip loss.Therefore in daily ration, add antioxidant to reducing the drip loss important in inhibiting.(the Effect of dietary tea catechins supplementation in goats on the quality of meat kept under refrigeration such as Zhong, 2009) in goat daily ration, add Tea Polyphenols, can significantly reduce drip loss.Luo Hailing and Meng Hui (vitamin E improves the Mechanisms of quality of mutton, 2009) add the 320IU vitamin E in the sheep daily ration, can significantly reduce drip loss.(Dietary Vitamin E level is on the impact of sheep muscle fibre cell membrane and mitochondria non-oxidizability for Wen Jia etc.; 2010) report; vitamin E can improve the activity of muscle cell membrane and mitochondrial membrane superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px); reduce MDA (MDA) content; the protection membrane integrity reduces drip loss.
In feed industry, because artificial synthetized oxidation preventive agent is cheap, be widely used, such as 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methy phenol, butylated hydroxy anisole, ditert-butylhydro quinone etc.But the security of artificial synthetized oxidation preventive agent, toxicity, carcinogenicity etc. more and more are subject to extensive concern, cause that people are to research (Karami etc. novel, efficient, natural, Effect of vitamin E, Andrographis paniculata and turmeric as dietary antioxidant supplementation on lipid and color stability of goat meat, 2011).Plant extracts becomes the research object of important natural with its security, high efficiency, multifunctionality and the characteristics such as have no side effect.Yet, in daily ration, add natural plant extracts and reduce in the mutton method of drip loss and do not appear in the newspapers yet.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of licorice as for reducing the application in the sheep daily ration additive of mutton drip loss.
The described licorice that adds 1000-4000mg/kg content in basal diet that is applied as is fully mixed the lamb of the growing period of feeding thoroughly.
Described growing period is that the period before breeding is arrived in the lamb wean afterwards, that is, the lamb wean can enter the fattening stage afterwards, generally from the 3-4 monthly age.
Preferably, the described licorice that in basal diet, adds 3000-4000mg/kg content that is applied as.
Wherein, general flavone content is 15-20% in the described licorice.
Described licorice can commercially obtain, and also can prepare by the following method: adopt any combination of any one method such as solvent extraction method, solvent extraction, Flavonoids by Macroporous Adsorption Resin, lead salt precipitation, supercritical fluid extraction, column chromatography, liquid-liquid adverse current partography or these methods to prepare.
Comprise one or several following steps among the above-mentioned preparation method:
Extract: solvent for use can be water or any one alcohols, ketone and esters solvent, or the mixed solvent that forms by a certain percentage of these solvents, or the acidity or the basic solvent that are made into by these solvents and acid, alkali, salt; Extracting method can be to decoct, add hot reflux, ultrasonic extraction, cold soaking, diacolation, Microwave Extraction, high pressure extraction etc.;
Filter: comprise the methods such as centrifugal, suction filtration, ultrafiltration, press filtration, use or do not use following any fining agent or its combination: alcohol precipitation agent, gelatin, kaolin, various resins, polyethylene glycol, poly-second triol, shitosan and natural clarifying agent finished product;
Concentrated: as to comprise thin film evaporation, rotary evaporation and decocting and concentrating etc. under normal pressure or the reduced pressure;
Dry: as to comprise vacuum drying, spray-drying, freeze drying etc.
Another object of the present invention provides a kind of sheep daily ration that contains licorice, and described sheep daily ration contains the licorice of 1000-4000mg/kg content.
Preferably, described sheep daily ration contains the licorice of 3000-4000mg/kg content.
Wherein, general flavone content is 15-20% in the licorice that contains in the described sheep daily ration.
Another object of the present invention provides a kind of method for preparing described sheep daily ration, and described method is to add the licorice of 1000-4000mg/kg content in basal diet, fully mixes thoroughly, and get final product.
Another object of the present invention provides the application of described sheep daily ration in the daily ration of conduct reduction mutton drip loss.
Another object of the present invention provides a kind of diet regulating and controlling method that reduces the mutton drip loss, and described method is the lamb with described sheep Diet growing period.
Radix Glycyrrhizae extensively distributes in northern China, is identical with China mutton main producing region.The perennial leguminous herbaceous plant of Glycyrrhiza is called as " lantern, honey is sweet, state is old ", and titled with the title of " kings of many medicines ", saying of " ten sides, nine grass " is arranged in the traditional Chinese medical science.Contain the Secondary Metabolism of Plant products such as abundant glycyrrhizic acid, flavones, polysaccharide in the Radix Glycyrrhizae.In research in the past, glycyrrhizic acid is because antibechic, the effect such as relieving asthma are subject to extensive concern.In the process that glycyrrhizic acid extracts, most of licoflavone abandoned.But in fact, flavones has stronger antioxygenic property, and flavones can be removed free radical (Cook etc., Flavonoids-chemistry, metabolism, cardioprotective effects, and dietary sources, 1996); Can with transition metal ions generation chelating, reduce the generation (Belinky etc. of free radical, The antioxidative effects of the isoflavan glabridin on endogenous constituents of LDL during its oxidation, 1997); Can suppress to generate with free radical the activity (Gong etc., Polyphenolic antioxidants inhibit peptide presentation by antigen-presenting cells, 2003) of relevant enzyme; Can the conditioning signal transduction pathway and affect the expression (Williams etc., Flavonoids:antioxidants or signaling molecules, 2006) of antioxidase.The licorice of interpolation take flavones as main active ingredient can improve the antioxygenic property of sheep muscle in the sheep daily ration, reduces drip loss.
Daily ration additive licorice and the application thereof of reduction mutton drip loss of the present invention have following beneficial effect:
(1) flavones can improve the antioxygenic property of livestock and poultry, the source of flavones is very abundant, then contain a large amount of licoflavones in the licorice, the present invention adds the licorice that is identical with China mutton main producing region in the sheep daily ration to, improve the antioxygenic property of mutton from diet nutrient regulation and control angle, improve the water retention property of mutton, reduce the mutton drip loss, thereby improve quality of mutton, improve product competitiveness, simultaneously can obtain higher economic benefit, practical value is very high in industry is produced.
(2) licorice that adds 1000-4000mg/kg in daily ration can improve the muscle activities of antioxidant enzymes, strengthens oxidation resistance; Can significantly improve the water retention property of mutton, reduce the mutton drip loss.
The specific embodiment
Following examples are used for explanation the present invention, but are not used for limiting the scope of the invention.
Used licorice among the present invention (general flavone content 15-20%) is available from Shaanxi Sen Fu Bioisystech Co., Ltd; Other components are the commercial goods.
Embodiment 1 basal diet
The composition of used basal diet sees Table 1 in the embodiment of the invention, and wherein, corn silage is coarse fodder, and all the other are fine fodder.
Table 1 basal diet forms
| Feedstuff | Content (%, DM) |
| Corn | 27.81 |
| Dregs of beans | 13.00 |
| Wheat bran | 4.93 |
| Band shell sunflower cake | 2.11 |
| Salt | 0.68 |
| Calcium carbonate | 0.23 |
| Calcium monohydrogen phosphate | 0.11 |
| Premix | 1.13 |
| Corn silage | 50.00 |
The trophic level of basal diet sees Table 2.
The trophic level of table 2 basal diet
| Trophic level | (DM basis) |
| Metabolizable energy (MJ/Kg) | 8.95 |
| Protein (%) | 12.30 |
| Neutral detergent fiber (%) | 48.77 |
| Acid detergent fiber (%) | 33.89 |
| Calcium (%) | 0.51 |
| Phosphorus (%) | 0.36 |
Each constituent of fine fodder is mixed in proportion, for subsequent use.
Embodiment 2 contains the sheep daily ration of different licorice levels
In the basal diet that embodiment 1 makes, add respectively the licorice of 1000mg/kg, 2000mg/g, 3000mg/kg, 4000mg/kg content.Because the basal diet of sheep comprises fine fodder and coarse fodder, conventional method generally is that additive is stirred in the fine fodder.Fine fodder accounts for 50% ratio in the basal diet that embodiment 1 makes, therefore in the fine fodder of basal diet, add the licorice of 2000mg/kg, 4000mg/kg, 6000mg/kg, 8000mg/kg content, can make the basal diet that licorice content is 1000mg/kg, 2000mg/kg, 3000mg/kg, 4000mg/kg.
Embodiment 3
1 test method
Test is carried out on warm spring farm in Ningxia.Choose 50 of the public lambs of close, the healthy wean sheep known for its fine thick wool of same strain, age in April, body weight, be divided at random a control group and four test group are carried out feeding experiment, control group fed does not add the basal diet (seeing embodiment 1) of licorice, the daily ration (seeing embodiment 2) that test group one, two, three, four is fed respectively and add 1000mg/kg, 2000mg/kg, 3000mg/kg, 4000mg/kg licorice in basal diet.Test the full phase and adopt conventional feeding and management, raise on single hurdle, and a minute morning and evening feeds.Feeding method is according to conventional feeding method, and fine fodder after the first coarse fodder is freely drunk water.The test sheep begins to raise after fatten end from wean, and it is butchered, and gets longissimus dorsi muscle analysis, measures antioxygenic property and drip loss.
2 analytical methods
2.1 anti-oxidant analysis
2.1.1T-SOD(total superoxide dismutase) activity
The T-SOD kit builds up bio-engineering research institute available from Nanjing, and article No. is A001-2, adopts colorimetric method for determining T-SOD active.Concrete operations are carried out according to the kit specification, and computing formula is:
T-SOD active (U/mgprot) in the muscle=(control tube absorbance-mensuration pipe absorbance)/control tube absorbance/50% * reaction cumulative volume/sampling amount/protein content.
2.1.2Cu-ZnSOD(copper-Cu/Zn SOD) activity
The Cu-ZnSOD kit builds up bio-engineering research institute available from Nanjing, and article No. is A001-2, adopts colorimetric method for determining Cu-ZnSOD active.Concrete operations are carried out according to the kit specification, and computing formula is:
Cu-ZnSOD active (U/mgprot) in the muscle=(control tube absorbance-mensuration pipe absorbance)/control tube absorbance/50% * reaction cumulative volume/sampling amount/protein content.
2.1.3Mn-SOD(manganese superoxide dismutase) activity
The Mn-SOD kit builds up bio-engineering research institute available from Nanjing, and article No. is A001-2, and it is active to adopt minusing to calculate Mn-SOD.Concrete operations are carried out according to the kit specification, and computing formula is:
Active (the U/mgprot)=T-SOD activity of Mn-SOD-Cu-ZnSOD is active in the muscle
2.1.4GSH-Px(glutathione peroxidase) activity
The GSH-Px kit builds up bio-engineering research institute available from Nanjing, and article No. is A005, adopts colorimetric method for determining GSH-Px active.Concrete operations are carried out according to the kit specification, and computing formula is:
Active (U/mgprot)=(non-enzyme pipe absorbance-enzyme pipe absorbance)/(standard pipe absorbance-blank tube the absorbance) * standard pipe concentration * extension rate of GSH-Px in the muscle/reaction time/(sampling amount * sample protein content)
(2.1.5CAT catalase) activity
The CAT kit builds up bio-engineering research institute available from Nanjing, and article No. is A007, adopts colorimetric method for determining CAT active.Concrete operations are carried out according to the kit specification, and computing formula is:
CAT active (U/mgprot) in the muscle=(control tube absorbance-mensuration pipe absorbance) * 271/ (60 * sampling amount)/protein content
2.1.6MDA(MDA) content
The MDA kit builds up bio-engineering research institute available from Nanjing, and article No. is A003-1, adopts colorimetric method for determining MDA content.Concrete operations are carried out according to the kit specification, and computing formula is:
MDA content (nmol/mgprot) in the muscle=(measuring pipe absorbance-mensuration blank tube absorbance)/(standard pipe absorbance-standard blank tube absorbance) * standard items concentration/protein content.
2.2 drip loss
Get 60g muscle, be trimmed to the roomy little shape of 5cm length * 5cm, then hook meat sample one end with iron wire, make the meat sample vertically downward, in the Polythene Bag of packing into, tie sack, the meat sample does not contact with the bag wall.In 0-4 ℃ of environment, hung 0,2,4,6,8 day, then blot surface moisture with filter paper, weigh.Measure 0-2 days, 0-4 days, 0-6 days, 0-8 days drip loss.
Weight * 100% before drip loss (%)=(weight after weight before the storage-storage)/storage
3, data statistical approach
The result adopts average ± standard error form to represent.The data SAS9.1GLM model carries out one-way analysis of variance, and statistical model is as follows: Y
Ij=u+a
i+ e
Ij, Y wherein
IjBe measured value, u is population average, a
iBe licorice Treatment Effects, e
IjBe random error.Multiple ratio adopts the LSD method, and P≤0.1 expression difference has trend, P≤0.05 expression significant difference.
4, result
Result of the test sees Table 3, table 4.
The different licorice level diet of table 3 are on the impact of sheep known for its fine thick wool muscle antioxygenic property
The different expression of colleague's subscript significant difference in the table 3, as can be seen from Table 3: adding the varying level licorice in the daily ration can affect T-SOD in the musculature, Cu-ZnSOD, Mn-SOD, GSH-Px, CAT activity and MDA content to some extent.Wherein add licorice and be improved the trend (p≤0.1) of T-SOD, Cu-ZnSOD activity, can significantly improve the activity (p≤0.05) of GSH-Px and CAT.Show that comprehensively licorice can improve the muscle antioxygenic property, reduce MDA content, wherein remarkable with test group two, test group three and test group quadruple effect fruit.
The different licorice level diet of table 4 are on the impact of sheep known for its fine thick wool muscle drip loss
| ? | Control group | Test group one | Test group two | Test group three | Test group four | P |
| 0-2 days | 1.96±0.24 | 1.73±0.13 | 2.05±0.33 | 1.52±0.26 | 1.50±0.11 | 0.32 |
| 0-4 days | 4.11±0.78 a | 3.60±0.35 ab | 4.10±0.33 a | 2.83±0.36 b | 2.87±0.19 b | 0.03 |
| 0-6 days | 5.04±0.39 ab | 5.11±0.43 ab | 5.68±0.43 a | 4.21±0.45 b | 4.09±0.23 b | 0.03 |
| 0-8 days | 6.26±0.35 a | 6.12±0.45 a | 6.66±0.41 a | 5.00±0.46 b | 4.84±0.25 b | ＜0.01 |
The different expression of colleague's subscript significant difference in the table 4, as can be seen from Table 4: the licorice that adds varying level in the daily ration can significantly reduce muscle 0-4 days, 0-6 days and 0-8 days drip loss (p≤0.05), and is wherein remarkable with test group three and test group quadruple effect fruit.Within 0-8 days whole storage periods, to compare with control group, test group three and test group four drip losses reduce respectively 20.13% and 22.68%.
Result of the test shows: the licorice that adds 3000mg/kg and 4000mg/kg in the daily ration can significantly improve the muscle activities of antioxidant enzymes, reduces MDA and generates, and strengthens oxidation resistance; Can significantly improve water retention property, reduce the muscle drip loss.
In sum, the licorice that adds 1000-4000mg/kg in daily ration all can improve the muscle activities of antioxidant enzymes in varying degrees, reducing MDA generates, strengthen oxidation resistance, improve water retention property, reduce the muscle drip loss, can reach more significantly above-mentioned effect when in daily ration, adding the licorice of 3000-4000mg/kg.
In addition, licorice can be used as the daily ration additive for reducing other domestic animal muscle drip losses equally.In the daily ration of other domestic animals, add licorice and also can improve the muscle activities of antioxidant enzymes, reduce MDA and generate, strengthen oxidation resistance; Also can improve water retention property, reduce the muscle drip loss.
Although, above used general explanation, the specific embodiment and test, the present invention is described in detail, on basis of the present invention, can make some modifications or improvements it, and this will be apparent to those skilled in the art.Therefore, these modifications or improvements all belong to the scope of protection of present invention without departing from theon the basis of the spirit of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. licorice is as for reducing the application in the sheep daily ration additive of mutton drip loss.
2. application according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the described licorice that adds 1000-4000mg/kg content in basal diet that is applied as is fully mixed the lamb of the growing period of feeding thoroughly.
3. application according to claim 2 is characterized in that, the described licorice that adds 3000-4000mg/kg content in basal diet that is applied as.
4. each described application is characterized in that according to claim 1-3, and general flavone content is 15-20% in the described licorice.
5. a sheep daily ration that contains licorice is characterized in that described sheep daily ration contains the licorice of 1000-4000mg/kg content.
6. sheep daily ration according to claim 5 is characterized in that, described sheep daily ration contains the licorice of 3000-4000mg/kg content.
7. according to claim 5 or 6 described sheep daily rations, it is characterized in that general flavone content is 15-20% in the described licorice.
8. prepare the method for each described sheep daily ration among the claim 5-7, it is characterized in that, described method is to add the licorice of 1000-4000mg/kg content in basal diet, fully mixes thoroughly, and get final product.
9. the application of each described sheep daily ration in the daily ration of conduct reduction mutton drip loss among the claim 5-7.
10. a diet regulating and controlling method that reduces the mutton drip loss is characterized in that, described method is the lamb with each described sheep Diet growing period among the claim 5-7.
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104472429A (en) * | 2014-12-08 | 2015-04-01 | 新疆畜牧科学院饲料研究所 | Method for improving quality of mutton by using stems and leaves of liquorice |
| CN104982376A (en) * | 2015-06-08 | 2015-10-21 | 江苏省农业科学院 | Method of increasing daily diet digestible cellulose content for improving lamb meat quality |
| CN111184132A (en) * | 2020-01-17 | 2020-05-22 | 李仁� | Method for extracting, preparing and using licorice flavonoids as feed additive |
| CN113383862A (en) * | 2021-06-25 | 2021-09-14 | 内蒙古农业大学 | Chinese herbal medicine feed additive for improving quality of frozen mutton and preparation and application thereof |
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2012
- 2012-12-21 CN CN201210564678.3A patent/CN103039741B/en active Active
Non-Patent Citations (1)
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| 刘彦慈: "中草药饲料添加剂对肉仔鸡生产性能及肉质风味的影响", 《河北农业大学硕士学位论文》 * |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104472429A (en) * | 2014-12-08 | 2015-04-01 | 新疆畜牧科学院饲料研究所 | Method for improving quality of mutton by using stems and leaves of liquorice |
| CN104982376A (en) * | 2015-06-08 | 2015-10-21 | 江苏省农业科学院 | Method of increasing daily diet digestible cellulose content for improving lamb meat quality |
| CN111184132A (en) * | 2020-01-17 | 2020-05-22 | 李仁� | Method for extracting, preparing and using licorice flavonoids as feed additive |
| CN113383862A (en) * | 2021-06-25 | 2021-09-14 | 内蒙古农业大学 | Chinese herbal medicine feed additive for improving quality of frozen mutton and preparation and application thereof |
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