CN103039741B - Daily ration regulation and control method for reducing mutton drip loss - Google Patents
Daily ration regulation and control method for reducing mutton drip loss Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to application of a licorice extract as an additive agent of mutton daily ration for reducing mutton drip loss. According to the invention, the licorice extract which is highly matched with main mutton producing area of China is added in the mutton daily ration, so that the oxidation resistance of the mutton can be improved from the daily ration nutrition regulation perspective, the water retention performance of the mutton is improved, the mutton drip loss is reduced, therefore, the mutton quality is improved, and the product competitiveness is increased.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the feeding method field of sheep, relate to specifically a kind of diet regulating and controlling method that reduces mutton drip loss.
Background technology
In muscle, approximately contain 75% water, 20% protein, 5% fat, and a small amount of carbohydrate, vitamin and mineral matter etc.The traditional food and medicament dual-purpose of the feature ，Shi China such as wherein, it is high that mutton has protein content, and cholesterol level is low, nutritious meat product are also the good merchantable brands of nourishing winter.
Butchering, in storage, process, the moisture of muscle is easy to run off.Muscle can have certain constraint ability to moisture by physical aspect and the chemical constitution of self, and being called is waterpower.The size that is waterpower is described through conventional drip loss, and drip loss is the most important index of weighing meat.Research report, in fresh meat, drip loss is generally 1-3%(Offer etc., The structural basis of the water-holding, appearance and toughness of meat and meat-products, 1989), PSE meat inferior even can reach 10%(Melogy etc., Early postmortem biochemical factors influence tenderness and water-holding capacity of three porcine muscles, 2004).Moisture loss meeting brings soluble protein (Savage etc., The amount and composition of the proteins in drip from stored pig meat, 1990), solubility flavor substance (Lawrie etc., Meat Science[M] .6th ed.Cambridge:Woodhead Publishing Limited, 1998) and the loss of ferroheme (Luciano etc., Dietary tannins improve lamb meat colour stability, 2009).Therefore, drip loss all has great importance to the physical aspect of meat, local flavor, yellowish pink etc., and drip loss also has important economic implications simultaneously, and high drip loss means that moisture runs off in a large number, causes muscle weight to reduce, and brings economic loss.
Several factors can affect drip loss, the free radical that wherein oxidative stress produces is one of key factor (Huff-Lonergan and Lonergan, Mechanisms of water-holding capacity of meat:the role of postmortem biochemical and structural changes, 2005).Especially in recent years, the use of various heredity, fattening technology, and the induction of the unfavorable factor such as breeding environment, cause the sheep vivo oxidation stress be more and more serious, produces a large amount of free radicals.Can there is oxidation reaction with muscle protein, fat in free radical, and change its chemical constitution and physiological function, increases drip loss.
Free radical extracts hydrogen atom or oxidized protein sulfydryl from protein and peptide chain, cause amino acid whose modification reaction, and cause secondary reaction, make to occur between polypeptide chain crosslinked, generate bridged bond or staggered bond, cause the change of protein structure, make the impaired (Martinaud etc. of its biologically active, Comparison of oxidative processes on myofibrillar proteins from beef during maturation and by different model oxidation systems, 1997).Protein oxidation sex change, reduced being with net charge amount, reduced the constraint ability to moisture, while protein generation cross-linking reaction, reduced the space that moisture stores, thereby improve drip loss (Huff-Lonergan and Lonergan, Mechanisms of water-holding capacityof meat:the role of postmortem biochemical and structural changes, 2005).Aliphatic acid, the especially unrighted acid of free radical on also can attack cells film, increases the permeability of film, improves drip loss.
Antioxidant can be removed free radical, improves muscle antioxygenic property, and then reduces drip loss.Therefore in daily ration, add antioxidant to reducing drip loss important in inhibiting.(the Effect of dietary tea catechins supplementation in goats on the quality of meat kept under refrigeration such as Zhong, 2009) in goat daily ration, add Tea Polyphenols, can significantly reduce drip loss.Luo Hailing and Meng Hui (vitamin E improves the Mechanisms of quality of mutton, 2009) add 320IU vitamin E in sheep daily ration, can significantly reduce drip loss.(the impact of Dietary Vitamin E level on sheep muscle fibre cell membrane and mitochondria non-oxidizability such as Wen Jia; 2010) report; vitamin E can improve the activity of muscle cell membrane and mitochondrial membrane superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px); reduce MDA (MDA) content; the integrality of diaphragm, reduces drip loss.
In feed industry, because artificial synthetized oxidation preventive agent is cheap, be widely used, as 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methy phenol, butylated hydroxy anisole, ditert-butylhydro quinone etc.But the security of artificial synthetized oxidation preventive agent, toxicity, carcinogenicity etc. are more and more subject to extensive concern, cause that people are to research (Karami etc. novel, efficient, natural, Effect of vitamin E, Andrographis paniculata and turmeric as dietary antioxidant supplementation on lipid and color stability of goat meat, 2011).Plant extracts becomes the research object of important natural with its security, high efficiency, multifunctionality and the feature such as have no side effect.Yet, in daily ration, add natural plant extracts and reduce the method for drip loss in mutton and have not yet to see report.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of licorice as for reducing the application in the sheep daily ration additive of mutton drip loss.
The described licorice that adds 1000-4000mg/kg content in basal diet that is applied as, fully mixes the lamb of the growing period of feeding thoroughly.
Described growing period is that lamb wean is arrived the period before breeding afterwards, that is, lamb wean can enter the fattening stage afterwards, generally from the 3-4 monthly age.
Preferably, described in, be applied as the licorice that adds 3000-4000mg/kg content in basal diet.
Wherein, in described licorice, general flavone content is 15-20%.
Described licorice can commercially obtain, and also can prepare by the following method: adopt any combination of any one methods such as solvent extraction method, solvent extraction, Flavonoids by Macroporous Adsorption Resin, lead salt precipitation, supercritical fluid extraction, column chromatography, liquid-liquid adverse current partography or these methods to prepare.
Above-mentioned preparation method comprises one or several following steps:
Extract: solvent for use can be water or any one alcohols, ketone and esters solvent, or the mixed solvent that forms by a certain percentage of these solvents, or the acidity or the basic solvent that by these solvents and acid, alkali, salt, are made into; Extracting method can be to decoct, add hot reflux, ultrasonic extraction, cold soaking, diacolation, Microwave Extraction, high pressure extraction etc.;
Filter: comprise the methods such as centrifugal, suction filtration, ultrafiltration, press filtration, use or do not use following any fining agent or its combination: alcohol precipitation agent, gelatin, kaolin, various resins, polyethylene glycol, poly-second triol, shitosan and natural clarifying agent finished product;
Concentrated: to comprise thin film evaporation, rotary evaporation and decocting and concentrating etc. under normal pressure or reduced pressure;
Dry: to comprise that vacuum drying, spraying are dry, freeze drying etc.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of sheep daily ration that contains licorice, the licorice that described sheep daily ration contains 1000-4000mg/kg content.
Preferably, the licorice that described sheep daily ration contains 3000-4000mg/kg content.
Wherein, in the licorice containing in described sheep daily ration, general flavone content is 15-20%.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of method of preparing described sheep daily ration, and described method, for add the licorice of 1000-4000mg/kg content in basal diet, is fully mixed thoroughly, obtains.
Another object of the present invention is to provide the application of described sheep daily ration in the daily ration as reduction mutton drip loss.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of diet regulating and controlling method that reduces mutton drip loss, and described method is the lamb with described sheep Diet growing period.
Radix Glycyrrhizae is identical in northern China ，Yu China mutton main producing region that extensively distributes.The perennial leguminous herbaceous plant of Glycyrrhiza, is called as " lantern ,Mi Gan, state is old ", and titled with the title of " kings of many medicines ", has saying of " ten side's nine grass " in the traditional Chinese medical science.In Radix Glycyrrhizae, contain the Secondary Metabolism of Plant products such as abundant glycyrrhizic acid, flavones, polysaccharide.In research in the past, glycyrrhizic acid is because antibechic, the effect such as relieving asthma are subject to extensive concern.In the process of extracting at glycyrrhizic acid, most of licoflavone abandoned.But in fact, flavones has stronger antioxygenic property, flavones can be removed free radical (Cook etc., Flavonoids-chemistry, metabolism, cardioprotective effects, and dietary sources, 1996); Can with transition metal ions generation chelating, reduce the generation (Belinky etc. of free radical, The antioxidative effects of the isoflavan glabridin on endogenous constituents of LDL during its oxidation, 1997); Can suppress to generate with free radical the activity (Gong etc., Polyphenolic antioxidants inhibit peptide presentation by antigen-presenting cells, 2003) of relevant enzyme; Can conditioning signal transduction pathway and affect the expression (Williams etc., Flavonoids:antioxidants or signaling molecules, 2006) of antioxidase.In sheep daily ration, add and take licorice that flavones is main active ingredient and can improve the antioxygenic property of sheep muscle, reduce drip loss.
Daily ration additive licorice and the application thereof of reduction mutton drip loss of the present invention have following beneficial effect:
(1) flavones can improve the antioxygenic property of livestock and poultry, the source of flavones is very abundant, in licorice, contain a large amount of licoflavones, the licorice that Jiang Yu China's mutton of the present invention main producing region is identical adds in sheep daily ration, from diet nutrient regulation and control angle, improve the antioxygenic property of mutton, improve the water retention property of mutton, reduce mutton drip loss, thereby improve quality of mutton, improve product competitiveness, can obtain higher economic benefit, in industry is produced, practical value is very high simultaneously.
(2) licorice that adds 1000-4000mg/kg in daily ration can improve muscle activities of antioxidant enzymes, strengthens oxidation resistance; Can significantly improve the water retention property of mutton, reduce mutton drip loss.
The specific embodiment
Following examples are used for illustrating the present invention, but are not used for limiting the scope of the invention.
Licorice used in the present invention (general flavone content 15-20%) is purchased from Shaanxi Sen Fu Bioisystech Co., Ltd; Other components are commercial goods.
Embodiment 1 basal diet
In the embodiment of the present invention, the composition of basal diet used is in Table 1, and wherein, corn silage is coarse fodder, and all the other are fine fodder.
Table 1 basal diet forms
| Feedstuff | Content (%, DM) |
| Corn | 27.81 |
| Dregs of beans | 13.00 |
| Wheat bran | 4.93 |
| Band shell sunflower cake | 2.11 |
| Salt | 0.68 |
| Calcium carbonate | 0.23 |
| Calcium monohydrogen phosphate | 0.11 |
| Premix | 1.13 |
| Corn silage | 50.00 |
The trophic level of basal diet is in Table 2.
The trophic level of table 2 basal diet
| Trophic level | (DM basis) |
| Metabolizable energy (MJ/Kg) | 8.95 |
| Protein (%) | 12.30 |
| Neutral detergent fiber (%) | 48.77 |
| Acid detergent fiber (%) | 33.89 |
| Calcium (%) | 0.51 |
| Phosphorus (%) | 0.36 |
Each constituent of fine fodder is mixed in proportion, standby.
Embodiment 2 is containing the sheep daily ration of different licorice levels
In the basal diet making at embodiment 1, add respectively the licorice of 1000mg/kg, 2000mg/g, 3000mg/kg, 4000mg/kg content.Because the basal diet of sheep comprises fine fodder and coarse fodder, conventional method is generally that additive is stirred in fine fodder.In the basal diet making at embodiment 1, fine fodder accounts for 50% ratio, therefore in the fine fodder of basal diet, add the licorice of 2000mg/kg, 4000mg/kg, 6000mg/kg, 8000mg/kg content, can make the basal diet that licorice content is 1000mg/kg, 2000mg/kg, 3000mg/kg, 4000mg/kg.
Embodiment 3
1 test method
Test is carried out on Nuan Quan farm, Ningxia.Choose 50 of the public lambs of close, the healthy wean sheep known for its fine thick wool of same strain, age in April, body weight, be divided at random a control group and four test group are carried out feeding experiment, control group fed does not add the basal diet (seeing embodiment 1) of licorice, and test group one, two, three, four is fed respectively and in basal diet, added the daily ration (seeing embodiment 2) of 1000mg/kg, 2000mg/kg, 3000mg/kg, 4000mg/kg licorice.Testing the full phase adopts conventional feeding and management, and raise on single hurdle, minute sooner or later feeds.Feeding method is according to conventional feeding method, and fine fodder after first coarse fodder, freely drinks water.Test sheep starts to raise to fattening end from wean, is butchered, and gets longissimus dorsi muscle analysis, measures antioxygenic property and drip loss.
2 analytical methods
2.1 anti-oxidant analyses
2.1.1T-SOD(total superoxide dismutase) activity
T-SOD kit builds up Bioengineering Research Institute purchased from Nanjing, and article No. is A001-2, adopts colorimetric method for determining T-SOD active.Concrete operations are carried out according to kit description, and computing formula is:
T-SOD active (U/mgprot) in muscle=(control tube absorbance-mensuration pipe absorbance)/control tube absorbance/50% * reaction cumulative volume/sampling amount/protein content.
2.1.2Cu-ZnSOD(copper-Cu/Zn SOD) activity
Cu-ZnSOD kit builds up Bioengineering Research Institute purchased from Nanjing, and article No. is A001-2, adopts colorimetric method for determining Cu-ZnSOD active.Concrete operations are carried out according to kit description, and computing formula is:
Cu-ZnSOD active (U/mgprot) in muscle=(control tube absorbance-mensuration pipe absorbance)/control tube absorbance/50% * reaction cumulative volume/sampling amount/protein content.
2.1.3Mn-SOD(manganese superoxide dismutase) activity
Mn-SOD kit builds up Bioengineering Research Institute purchased from Nanjing, and article No. is A001-2, adopts minusing to calculate Mn-SOD active.Concrete operations are carried out according to kit description, and computing formula is:
In muscle, active (the U/mgprot)=T-SOD activity-Cu-ZnSOD of Mn-SOD is active
2.1.4GSH-Px(glutathione peroxidase) activity
GSH-Px kit builds up Bioengineering Research Institute purchased from Nanjing, and article No. is A005, adopts colorimetric method for determining GSH-Px active.Concrete operations are carried out according to kit description, and computing formula is:
Active (U/mgprot)=(non-enzyme pipe absorbance-enzyme pipe absorbance)/(standard pipe absorbance-blank tube absorbance) * standard pipe concentration * extension rate/reaction time/(sampling amount * sample protein content) of GSH-Px in muscle
2.1.5CAT (catalase) activity
CAT kit builds up Bioengineering Research Institute purchased from Nanjing, and article No. is A007, adopts colorimetric method for determining CAT active.Concrete operations are carried out according to kit description, and computing formula is:
CAT active (U/mgprot) in muscle=(control tube absorbance-mensuration pipe absorbance) * 271/ (60 * sampling amount)/protein content
2.1.6MDA(MDA) content
MDA kit builds up Bioengineering Research Institute purchased from Nanjing, and article No. is A003-1, adopts colorimetric method for determining MDA content.Concrete operations are carried out according to kit description, and computing formula is:
MDA content (nmol/mgprot) in muscle=(measuring pipe absorbance-mensuration blank tube absorbance)/(standard pipe absorbance-standard blank tube absorbance) * standard items concentration/protein content.
2.2 drip loss
Get 60g muscle, be trimmed to the roomy little shape of 5cm length * 5cm, then with iron wire, hook meat sample one end, make meat sample vertically downward, pack in Polythene Bag, tie sack, meat sample does not contact with bag wall.In 0-4 ℃ of environment, hang 0,2,4,6,8 day, then with filter paper, blot surface moisture, weigh.Measure 0-2 days, 0-4 days, 0-6 days, the drip loss of 0-8 days.
Weight * 100% before drip loss (%)=(the rear weight of weight-storage before storage)/storage
3, data statistical approach
Result adopts average ± standard error form to represent.Data acquisition carries out one-way analysis of variance with SAS9.1GLM model, and statistical model is as follows: Y
ij=u+a
i+ e
ij, Y wherein
ijfor measured value, u is population average, a
ifor licorice Treatment Effects, e
ijfor random error.Multiple ratio adopts LSD method, and P≤0.1 represents that difference has trend, and P≤0.05 represents significant difference.
4, result
Result of the test in Table 3, table 4.
The impact of the different licorice level diet of table 3 on sheep known for its fine thick wool muscle antioxygenic property
The different significant differences that represent of the subscript of going together in table 3, as can be seen from Table 3: in daily ration, adding varying level licorice can affect T-SOD in musculature, Cu-ZnSOD, Mn-SOD, GSH-Px, CAT activity and MDA content to some extent.Wherein add licorice and be improved the trend (p≤0.1) of T-SOD, Cu-ZnSOD activity, can significantly improve the activity (p≤0.05) of GSH-Px and CAT.Comprehensively show, licorice can improve muscle antioxygenic property, reduces MDA content, wherein remarkable with test group two, test group three and test group quadruple effect fruit.
The impact of the different licorice level diet of table 4 on sheep known for its fine thick wool muscle drip loss
| ? | Control group | Test group one | Test group two | Test group three | Test group four | P |
| 0-2 days | 1.96±0.24 | 1.73±0.13 | 2.05±0.33 | 1.52±0.26 | 1.50±0.11 | 0.32 |
| 0-4 days | 4.11±0.78 a | 3.60±0.35 ab | 4.10±0.33 a | 2.83±0.36 b | 2.87±0.19 b | 0.03 |
| 0-6 days | 5.04±0.39 ab | 5.11±0.43 ab | 5.68±0.43 a | 4.21±0.45 b | 4.09±0.23 b | 0.03 |
| 0-8 days | 6.26±0.35 a | 6.12±0.45 a | 6.66±0.41 a | 5.00±0.46 b | 4.84±0.25 b | ＜0.01 |
The different significant differences that represent of the subscript of going together in table 4, as can be seen from Table 4: the licorice that adds varying level in daily ration can significantly reduce muscle 0-4 days, 0-6 days and the drip loss (p≤0.05) of 0-8 days, wherein remarkable with test group three and test group quadruple effect fruit.Within 0-8 days whole storage periods, to compare with control group, test group three and test group four drip losses reduce respectively 20.13% and 22.68%.
Result of the test shows: the licorice that adds 3000mg/kg and 4000mg/kg in daily ration can significantly improve muscle activities of antioxidant enzymes, reduces MDA and generates, and strengthens oxidation resistance; Can significantly improve water retention property, reduce muscle drip loss.
In sum, the licorice that adds 1000-4000mg/kg in daily ration all can improve muscle activities of antioxidant enzymes in varying degrees, reducing MDA generates, strengthen oxidation resistance, improve water retention property, reduce muscle drip loss, while adding the licorice of 3000-4000mg/kg in daily ration, can reach more significantly above-mentioned effect.
In addition, licorice can be used as the daily ration additive for reducing other domestic animal muscle drip losses equally.In the daily ration of other domestic animals, add licorice and also can improve muscle activities of antioxidant enzymes, reduce MDA and generate, strengthen oxidation resistance; Also can improve water retention property, reduce muscle drip loss.
Although, above used general explanation, the specific embodiment and test, the present invention is described in detail, on basis of the present invention, can make some modifications or improvements it, and this will be apparent to those skilled in the art.Therefore, these modifications or improvements, all belong to the scope of protection of present invention without departing from theon the basis of the spirit of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. licorice is as for reducing the application in the sheep daily ration additive of mutton drip loss, it is characterized in that, the described licorice that adds 1000-4000mg/kg content in basal diet that is applied as, fully mixes the lamb of the growing period of feeding thoroughly.
2. application according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described in be applied as the licorice that adds 3000-4000mg/kg content in basal diet.
3. application according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that, in described licorice, general flavone content is 15-20%.
4. a sheep daily ration that contains licorice, is characterized in that, the licorice that described sheep daily ration contains 1000-4000mg/kg content.
5. sheep daily ration according to claim 4, is characterized in that, the licorice that described sheep daily ration contains 3000-4000mg/kg content.
6. according to the sheep daily ration described in claim 4 or 5, it is characterized in that, in described licorice, general flavone content is 15-20%.
7. prepare in claim 4-6 the method for sheep daily ration described in any one, it is characterized in that, described method, for add the licorice of 1000-4000mg/kg content in basal diet, is fully mixed thoroughly, obtains.
8. the application of sheep daily ration in the daily ration as reduction mutton drip loss described in any one in claim 4-6.
9. a diet regulating and controlling method that reduces mutton drip loss, is characterized in that, described method is the lamb of the sheep Diet growing period with described in any one in claim 4-6.
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| CN104472429B (en) * | 2014-12-08 | 2018-03-23 | 新疆畜牧科学院饲料研究所 | A kind of method for improving quality of mutton using haulm of liquorice |
| CN104982376A (en) * | 2015-06-08 | 2015-10-21 | 江苏省农业科学院 | Method of increasing daily diet digestible cellulose content for improving lamb meat quality |
| CN111184132A (en) * | 2020-01-17 | 2020-05-22 | 李仁� | Method for extracting, preparing and using licorice flavonoids as feed additive |
| CN113383862A (en) * | 2021-06-25 | 2021-09-14 | 内蒙古农业大学 | Chinese herbal medicine feed additive for improving quality of frozen mutton and preparation and application thereof |
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