CN116014425A - Antenna unit, multi-antenna assembly and automobile - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses an antenna unit, which is formed on a PCB substrate and comprises a first branch, a second branch, a third branch, a fourth branch, a fifth branch and a sixth branch which are in different shapes, wherein the first branch and the second branch are arranged in a lamination way along a first direction of the PCB substrate to form a first branch group, and the third branch and the fourth branch are arranged in a lamination way along the first direction to form a second branch group; the first branch groups and the second branch groups are arranged at intervals along the second direction; two ends of the fifth branch are respectively connected to the first branch group and the second branch group, and the dimension of the fifth branch along the first direction is 10 mm-15 mm; the sixth dendrite is formed on the PCB substrate and is arranged with the second dendrite group along the third direction at intervals. The antenna unit provided by the invention is an on-board antenna, has the advantage of being low in section height, has the advantage of being hidden, and can be flexibly assembled in any space of an automobile. The invention also provides a multi-antenna assembly and an automobile.

Description

Antenna unit, multi-antenna assembly and automobile

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of vehicle-mounted antennas, in particular to an antenna unit, a multi-antenna assembly and an automobile.

Background

At present, with the development of mobile communication technology, particularly the arrival of 5G communication and internet of vehicles technology, the function of wireless networking on automobiles is more and more important. At present, most vehicle-mounted antennas covering a multi-antenna system are shark fin antennas, because the 5G antennas are placed in the shark fin antennas in a PCB vertical plate mode, the problem of higher shark fin antenna height is caused, the shark fin antenna height is 40-60 mm, and the antenna structure is complex, so that the placement position of the shark fin antennas is limited.

Therefore, the existing shark fin antenna has the problems of high antenna height and limited placement position caused by the arrangement of the vehicle-mounted 5G antenna.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the problems of high height and limited placement position of the existing shark fin antenna.

In a first aspect, the present invention provides an on-board antenna unit, which has a hidden characteristic by providing a radiator with a lower height and increased vertical polarization so as to make the section height of the antenna low, so that an on-board 5G antenna including the antenna unit, a multi-antenna assembly including the on-board 5G antenna, and a system can be flexibly assembled into various spaces of an automobile.

In order to solve the above technical problems, an embodiment of the present invention discloses an antenna unit formed on a PCB substrate, the antenna unit including a first branch, a second branch, a third branch, a fourth branch, a fifth branch and a sixth branch having different shapes, the first branch and the second branch being stacked along a first direction of the PCB substrate to form a first branch group, the first direction being a thickness direction of the PCB substrate, the third branch and the fourth branch being stacked along the first direction to form a second branch group; the first branch knot group and the second branch knot group are arranged at intervals along a second direction, and the second direction is perpendicular to the first direction; two ends of the fifth branch are respectively connected to the first branch group and the second branch group, and the dimension of the fifth branch along the first direction is 10 mm-15 mm; the sixth dendrite is formed on the PCB substrate and is arranged with the second dendrite group along a third direction, and the third direction is perpendicular to the first direction and the second direction.

By adopting the technical scheme, the antenna unit is arranged on the PCB substrate in an onboard mode, so that the antenna unit occupies a smaller ground plane structure while realizing the same communication function as the onboard 5G antenna in the shark fin antenna; the height of the fifth branch in the antenna unit is only 10-15 mm, so that the highest height of the antenna unit is 10-15 mm, and the antenna unit has a lower section height and can be flexibly placed in any space in an automobile. In addition, by utilizing the fusion design of nearly hidden radiating bodies (fifth branches) with increased vertical polarization and metal copper-clad structures (first branches, second branches, third branches, fourth branches and sixth branches) on a PCB substrate, the working frequency bands of various automobile communication antennas are jointly excited, and 698-960 MHz, 1710-2690 MHz and 3300-5000 MHz are covered, so that a compact on-board multimode working state is realized.

Further, the first branch and the second branch are oppositely arranged and respectively formed on the first side and the second side of the PCB substrate; the first branch is the rectangle, and the second branch includes first rectangle body and connects on first rectangle body along the second direction orientation the bellied first bellying of second branch group, first bellying sets up along the second direction and keeps away from the one side of PCB base plate edge and first rectangle body along the second direction setting and keep away from the one side of PCB base plate edge and align the setting in the second direction, and the area of first branch is less than the second branch.

Further, the feeding point of the antenna unit is arranged on the second branch.

Further, the third branch and the fourth branch are oppositely arranged and respectively formed on the first side and the second side of the PCB substrate; the third branch comprises a second rectangular body and a second protruding part which is connected to the second rectangular body and protrudes towards the first branch group along a second direction; the fourth branch comprises a third rectangular body and a plurality of third protruding parts which are connected to the third rectangular body and protrude towards the first branch group along the second direction, and the area of the third branch is smaller than that of the fourth branch.

Further, the sixth stub is aligned with the second stub set along the third direction.

Further, the fifth branch is in a door frame shape, and two ends of the fifth branch are respectively inserted into the first branch group and the second branch group.

Further, the first stub group includes a first through hole extending in the first direction, and the second stub group includes a second through hole extending in the first direction; the first branch and the second branch are electrically connected through a first through hole, and the third branch and the fourth branch are electrically connected through a second through hole.

Further, the antenna unit is disposed in a clearance area of the PCB substrate.

In a second aspect, the present invention provides a multi-antenna assembly comprising a PCB substrate and an antenna unit as described above, wherein the antenna unit is formed on the PCB substrate along a first direction, the first direction being a thickness direction of the PCB substrate; the antenna unit at least comprises a first antenna unit and a second antenna unit, wherein the first antenna unit extends along a second direction of the PCB substrate, the second antenna unit extends along a third direction of the PCB substrate, the second direction is perpendicular to the third direction, and the first direction is perpendicular to the second direction and the third direction.

By adopting the technical scheme, the multi-antenna assembly formed by the plurality of antenna units has a smaller ground plane structure and a lower section height. The first antenna unit and the second antenna unit are monopole antennas, and are vertically arranged to realize polarization isolation and field type complementation.

Further, the length of the PCB substrate in the second direction is 120-140 mm, and the length of the PCB substrate in the third direction is 75-100 mm.

Further, the first antenna unit and the second antenna unit are arranged on opposite angles of the PCB substrate.

By adopting the technical scheme, the first antenna unit and the second antenna unit have better isolation.

In a third aspect, the present invention provides an automobile comprising a multi-antenna assembly as described above.

By adopting the technical scheme, the multi-antenna assembly has lower section height, so that the placement position of the multi-antenna assembly on an automobile is not limited, and the multi-antenna assembly can be flexibly placed according to actual requirements to meet different requirements of users.

Drawings

Fig. 1 shows a perspective view of an antenna unit in one embodiment of the invention;

fig. 2 shows a perspective view of a multi-antenna assembly in one embodiment of the invention;

fig. 3 shows a second perspective view of a multi-antenna assembly in one embodiment of the invention;

fig. 4 shows a top view of a multi-antenna assembly in one embodiment of the invention;

fig. 5 illustrates a bottom view of a multi-antenna assembly in one embodiment of the invention;

fig. 6 shows a front view of a multi-antenna assembly in one embodiment of the invention;

fig. 7 shows a rear view of a multi-antenna assembly in one embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 8 shows a master mode current diagram for the low frequency band in one embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 9 shows a high-level mode current diagram for the low frequency band in one embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 10 shows a master mode current diagram for a mid-band in one embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 11 shows a high-level mode current diagram for a mid-band in one embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 12 shows a master mode current diagram for the high frequency band in one embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 13 shows a high-level mode current diagram for the high-band in one embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 14 shows a voltage standing wave ratio graph I in one embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 15 shows a second voltage standing wave ratio plot in one embodiment of the invention;

fig. 16 shows a graph of isolation curves for a multi-antenna assembly in one embodiment of the invention.

In the above figures, the reference numerals correspond to the component names as follows:

1-antenna element, 11-first branch, 12-second branch, 12 a-first boss of second branch, 12 b-slot of second branch, 13-third branch, 13 a-second boss of third branch, 14-fourth branch, 14 a-third boss of fourth branch first, 14 b-third boss of fourth branch second, 14 c-slot of fourth branch, 15-fifth branch, 16-sixth branch, 1 a-first branch group, 1 b-second branch group, 2-PCB substrate, 21-first side of PCB substrate, 22-second side of PCB substrate, 3-headroom region, 4-through hole, 41-first through hole, 42-second through hole, 5-metal insert through hole, 6-multi-antenna assembly, 7-first surface boss, W1-length of the fifth branch in the second direction, H1-length of the fifth branch in the first direction, L1-length of the first branch in the third direction, L2-length of the second branch in the third direction, L3-length of the third branch in the third direction, L4-length of the fourth branch in the third direction, length of the L5-clearance area in the third direction, K1-length of the first branch in the second direction, K2-length of the second branch in the second direction, K3-length of the third branch in the second direction, K4-length of the fourth branch in the second direction, dx-distance of the PCB substrate from the first branch group in the second direction, dy-PCB substrate from the first branch group in the third direction, X-first direction, y-second direction, Z-third direction.

Detailed Description

Further advantages and effects of the present invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the disclosure of the present specification, by describing the embodiments of the present invention with specific examples. While the description of the invention will be described in connection with the preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the inventive features to the implementation. Rather, the purpose of the invention described in connection with the embodiments is to cover other alternatives or modifications, which may be extended by the claims based on the invention. The following description will include numerous specific details in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. The invention may be practiced without these specific details. Furthermore, some specific details are omitted from the description in order to avoid obscuring the invention. It should be noted that, without conflict, the embodiments of the present invention and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other.

It should be noted that in this specification, like reference numerals and letters denote like items in the following figures, and thus once an item is defined in one figure, no further definition or explanation thereof is necessary in the following figures.

The terms "first," "second," and the like are used merely to distinguish between descriptions and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

In the description of the present embodiment, it should also be noted that, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "disposed," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communication between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present embodiment can be understood in a specific case by those of ordinary skill in the art.

For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

In a first aspect, referring to fig. 1 and 2, the present invention provides an antenna unit 1, the antenna unit 1 being formed on a PCB substrate 2, the antenna unit 1 including a first branch 11, a second branch 12, a third branch 13, a fourth branch 14, a fifth branch 15, and a sixth branch 16 having different shapes.

With continued reference to fig. 1 and 2, the first and second stubs 11 and 12 are stacked in a first direction X of the PCB substrate 2, which is a thickness direction of the PCB substrate 2, to form a first stub group 1 a. The third and fourth knots 13 and 14 are arranged in a stacked manner in the first direction X to form the second knot group 1b. The first branch group 1a and the second branch group 1b are arranged at intervals along a second direction Y, which is perpendicular to the first direction X.

Referring to fig. 1, both ends of the fifth branch 15 are connected to the first branch group 1a and the second branch group 1b, respectively, and a dimension H1 of the fifth branch 15 in the first direction X is 10mm to 15mm.

Referring to fig. 1 and 2, a sixth stub 16 is formed on the PCB substrate 2 and is spaced apart from the second stub group 1b along a third direction Z, which is perpendicular to the first direction X and the second direction Y.

The antenna unit 1 provided by the invention is an on-board 5G antenna, and the first branch 11, the second branch 12, the third branch 13, the fourth branch 14 and the sixth branch 16 are respectively formed on the first side 21 or the second side 22 of the PCB substrate 2. The highest height in the antenna unit 1 is the dimension of the fifth branch 15 along the first direction X, which is 10 mm-15 mm. In the shark fin antenna, the 5G antenna is arranged in the inner cavity of the shark fin antenna in the form of a PCB vertical plate, and in the shark fin antenna of the multi-antenna system, the height of the 5G antenna is highest, so that the section height of the shark fin antenna is 40mm to 60mm. Compared with the shark fin antenna, the antenna unit 1 provided by the invention has lower section height, and the multi-antenna system or component formed by the antenna unit 1 and other antennas such as a V2X antenna, an LTE antenna and the like is flatter, so that the multi-antenna system or component is more flexible to place on an automobile and has higher freedom degree.

In some possible embodiments of the present invention, referring to fig. 1 and 2, the first and second branches 11 and 12 are disposed opposite to each other, and are formed on both sides of the PCB substrate, respectively. Namely, the first branch 11 is formed on the PCB substrate 2 and is positioned on the first side 21 of the PCB substrate 2; the second branch 12 is formed on the PCB substrate 2 and is located on the second side 22 of the PCB substrate 2, and the first branch 11 and the second branch 12 are stacked.

Referring to fig. 2 and 3, the first stub 11 has a rectangular shape. Referring to fig. 2 and 5, the second branch 12 includes a first rectangular body and a first protrusion 12a (as shown in fig. 2) connected to the first rectangular body and protruding toward the second branch group 1b along the second direction Y, wherein one side of the first protrusion 12a away from the edge of the PCB substrate 2 is aligned with one side of the first rectangular body along the second direction Y and away from the edge of the PCB substrate 2 in the second direction Y, or, the two sides are aligned in the second direction Y.

Referring to fig. 1, the first dendrite 11 is smaller in area than the second dendrite 12. The entire area of the first stub 11 overlaps with a partial area of the second stub 12. Specifically, referring to fig. 1, the first branch 11 has a length L1 in the third direction Z, the second branch 12 has a length L2 in the third direction Z, and L1 is smaller than L2. The length of the first branch 11 along the second direction Y is K1, the lengths of the two ends of the second branch 12 along the third direction Z along the second direction Y are K1 and K2, respectively, and K1 is smaller than K2. That is, the length of the first rectangular body of the second branch 12 in the second direction Y is K1, and the total length of the first rectangular body and the first protruding portion 12a (shown in fig. 2) connected to the first rectangular body and protruding toward the second branch group 1b in the second direction Y is K2. The area L1 x K1 of the first branch 11 is smaller than the area L2 x K2- (L2-L1) × (K2-K1) of the second branch 12.

In other possible embodiments, the second stub 12 may serve as a feed point for the antenna unit 1. For example, signals may be introduced and led out of the antenna unit 1 via a coaxial cable. Specifically, the core wire of the coaxial cable may be connected to the second stub 12, and the outer layer wire of the coaxial cable may be connected to a ground copper-clad region (e.g., a ground copper-clad region near the second stub 12) on the PCB substrate 2.

In other possible embodiments, referring to fig. 1 and 2, a third branch 13 and a fourth branch 14 are disposed opposite to each other, and are formed on both sides of the PCB substrate. That is, the third branch 13 is formed on the PCB substrate 2 and is located on the first side 21 of the PCB substrate 2, the fourth branch 14 is located on the PCB substrate 2 and is located on the second side 22 of the PCB substrate 2, and the third branch 13 and the fourth branch 14 are stacked.

Referring to fig. 2 in combination with fig. 1 and 4, the third branch 13 includes a second rectangular body and a second protrusion 13a (as shown in fig. 2) connected to the second rectangular body to protrude toward the first branch group 1a in the second direction Y, the second protrusion 13a being provided at a middle position of the third branch 13 such that the shape of the third branch 13 is in a "convex" shape.

Referring to fig. 2 in combination with fig. 1 and 5, the fourth branch 14 includes a third rectangular body and a plurality of third protrusions (a first protrusion 14a and a second protrusion 14b, respectively) connected to the third rectangular body and protruding toward the first branch group 1a along the second direction Y (as shown in fig. 2).

Referring to fig. 2, the third dendrite 13 is smaller in area than the fourth dendrite 14. The entire area of the third branch 13 overlaps with a part of the area of the fourth branch 14. Specifically, referring to fig. 1, the third stub 13 has a length L3 in the third direction Z, the fourth stub 14 has a length L4 in the third direction Z, and L3 is equal to L4. The length of the third branch 13 along the second direction Y is K3, and the length of both ends of the fourth branch 14 along the second direction Y in the third direction Z is K4, wherein K3 is smaller than K4.

In the present embodiment, the length L2 of the second branch 12 along the third direction Z and the length L3 of the third branch 13 along the third direction Z are equal, that is, l2=l3.

The antenna unit 1 provided by the invention comprises a first branch 11, a second branch 12, a third branch 13 and a fourth branch 14 which are provided with different shapes. Wherein the first branch 11 and the third branch 13 are copper-coated branches of the PCB substrate 2 on the first side 21 and have different shapes, and the second branch 12 and the fourth branch 14 are copper-coated branches of the PCB substrate 2 on the second side 22 and have different shapes. That is, the shape of the copper-clad branch of the first side 21 is different from that of the copper-clad branch of the second side 22, and the first side 21 and the second side 22 jointly excite a plurality of ultra-wide bandwidth antenna operation modes continuously stacked and converged together through the differential copper-clad branch structure in combination with the fifth branch 15 connected with the PCB substrate 2 (or the first branch 11, the second branch 12, the third branch 13 and the fourth branch 14) so that the current flowing through the fifth branch 15 is finely and differentially distributed to different places of the first side 21 and the second side 22 of the PCB substrate 2, and the first branch 11, the second branch 12, the third branch 13, the fourth branch 14 and the fifth branch 15 form the on-board ultra-wide bandwidth antenna unit 1.

In some other possible embodiments, referring to fig. 1 and 2, the sixth stub 16 is disposed in alignment with the second stub set 1b along the third direction Z. Specifically, the sixth branch 16 and the second branch group 1b are both disposed at the edge of the PCB substrate 2 along the second direction Y and are on the same straight line along the third direction Z. The length of the sixth branch 16 in the second direction Y is K6, which is equal to the length K4 of the fourth branch 14 in the second direction Y, i.e., k6=k4. The sixth stub 16 is a hollowed out structure on the first side 21 of the PCB substrate 2.

With reference to fig. 2, the copper-plated design points of the first side 21 and the second side 22 on the pcb substrate 2 are specifically the first boss 12a of the second branch 12, the third boss 14a of the fourth branch 14, the third boss 14b, and the boss 7 of the first side 21. The parasitic effect generated by the combination of the protruding parts (design points) and the perturbation grooved structure enables the original single current distribution path to be dispersed into a plurality of different current path distributions, and the bandwidth range limited by single resonance is expanded. The grooved structure includes a grooved portion 12b of the second branch, a grooved portion 14c of the fourth branch, and a sixth branch 16.

In addition, by utilizing the low Q value and bandwidth expansion characteristic brought by the air medium, a wider single working mode broadband can be obtained by combining the fifth branch 15 with the on-board copper-clad branch of the PCB substrate 2 compared with the traditional single PCB on-board antenna. The Q value is a main parameter for measuring an inductance device, and is the ratio of the inductance presented by the inductor to the equivalent loss resistance of the inductor when the inductor operates under an alternating voltage with a certain frequency. The higher the Q of the inductor, the smaller its loss and the higher the efficiency.

In some possible embodiments, the fifth stub 15 is a radiator that adds vertical polarization. The fifth branch 15 is in a door frame shape, and two ends of the fifth branch 15 are respectively inserted into the first branch group 1a and the second branch group 1b. Illustratively, referring to fig. 1, the fifth stub 15 is a metal insert that is in the shape of a door frame. The metal inserts are capable of increasing the vertical polarization.

Accordingly, the PCB substrate 2, the first branch knot group 1a and the second branch knot group 1b are provided with metal insert through holes 5 along the first direction X, and the metal insert through holes 5 are used for placing metal inserts. Specifically, the metal insert is provided with a first side and a second side, respectively, along the second direction Y, which can be inserted into the metal insert through hole 5 to be connected with the first branch set 1a and the second branch set 1b, the first side and the second side extending along the first direction X. The first side and the second side are connected by a connecting side, which extends along the second direction Y. The dimension H1 of the metal insert in the first direction X is 10mm to 15mm.

In the antenna unit 1, the length H1 of the metal insert (fifth stub) along the first direction X determines the height of the antenna unit 1 such that the size of the antenna unit 1 along the first direction X is 10mm to 15mm, and the antenna unit 1 has a low profile height and can be flexibly placed in various spaces of an automobile.

In the present embodiment, referring to fig. 1, both the first branch knot group 1a and the second branch knot group 1b are provided with the through holes 4. The first branch set 1a includes a first through hole 41 extending in the first direction X, and the second branch set 1b includes a second through hole 42 extending in the first direction X; the first branch 11 and the second branch 12 are electrically connected through a first through hole 41, and the third branch 13 and the fourth branch 14 are electrically connected through a second through hole 42.

In some possible embodiments, referring to fig. 5, the first through hole 41 and the second through hole 42 are respectively located at a distance of 5mm to 8mm in the second direction Y from the metal insert through hole 5 provided on the first branch set 1a and the second branch set 1b, i.e. the closest distance of 5mm to 8mm from the metal insert through hole 5 to the through hole 4, so that the pulse signal can be transmitted to the destination with little loss, allowing the signal above the cut-off frequency to pass through, while the signal below the cut-off frequency is blocked or attenuated to optimize the performance of the antenna unit 1.

In other possible embodiments, referring to fig. 1, the antenna unit 1 is disposed in the headroom area 3 of the PCB substrate 2, such that the antenna unit 1 is subject to less electromagnetic interference. The length of the clearance area 3 in the third direction Z is L5, which is greater than the length L2 of the first branch set 1a and the length L4 of the second branch set 1b.

The antenna unit 1 provided by the invention consists of copper-clad branches (a first branch 11, a second branch 12, a third branch 13, a fourth branch 14 and a sixth branch 16), metal inserts (a fifth branch 15) and a clearance area 3, has extremely simple structure and lower section height, and covers an expanded broadband of frequency bands of 698-960 MHz, 1710-2690 MHz and 3300-5000 MHz. Wherein 698-960 MHz is low frequency band; 1710-2690 MHz is the medium frequency band; 3300-5000 MHz is the high frequency band.

Referring to fig. 8 to 13 in combination with fig. 1, current diagrams of different frequency band main and higher order modes are shown, respectively. The current path corresponding to each operation mode is composed of the length W1 of the fifth branch 15 (metal insert) along the second direction Y, the length H1 along the first direction X, the copper-clad branch length (i.e., L2 or L3) of the first side 21, the third protruding portion one 14a and the third protruding portion two 14b on the fourth branch 14, the clearance area 3 of the PCB substrate 2 at the distance Dx from the first branch group 1a in the second direction Y, the clearance area 3 of the PCB substrate 2 at the distance Dy from the first branch group 1a in the third direction Z, and the board-mounted ground structure edge (e.g., the sixth branch 16 and the protruding portion 7 of the first side shown in fig. 2).

Each operating mode has a unique current distribution and current direction, illustratively, fig. 8 shows a main mode current diagram for the low band, and fig. 9 shows a high-order mode current diagram for the low band; fig. 10 shows a main mode current diagram of a mid-band, and fig. 11 shows a high-order mode current diagram of a mid-band; fig. 12 shows a main mode current diagram of the high frequency band, and fig. 13 shows a high-order mode current diagram of the high frequency band. The single operation mode with wide bandwidth is further overlapped with the higher order modes, the multi-order operation modes excited by the antenna unit 1 are mutually fused, and the common stacking of the main mode and a plurality of higher order modes is realized, so that the ultra-wide operation bandwidth is formed.

Fig. 14 to 15 show the voltage standing wave ratio of the antenna unit 1. Illustratively, referring to fig. 14, SWR (standing wave ratio) is on the ordinate and frequency is on the abscissa. The first mark point shows that when the frequency is 698MHz, the standing wave ratio is 3.78; the second mark point shows that when the frequency is 960MHz, the standing wave ratio is 3.15; the third mark point shows that when the frequency is 1710MHz, the standing wave ratio is 1.19; the fourth mark point shows that when the frequency is 2690MHz, the standing wave ratio is 1.63; the fifth mark point shows that when the frequency is 3300MHz, the standing wave ratio is 1.52; the sixth mark point indicates that the standing wave ratio is about 2 at a frequency of 5000MHz.

By combining the six mark points in FIG. 14, it can be known that the voltage standing wave ratio of the port is in the low frequency band, namely 698-960 MHz when the voltage standing wave ratio is below 5; when the voltage standing wave ratio is below 3, the voltage standing wave ratio is in a medium frequency range, namely 1710-2690 MHz; when the voltage standing wave ratio is below 3, the voltage standing wave ratio is in a high frequency band, namely 3300-5000 MHz.

In a second aspect, referring to fig. 2 in combination with fig. 3 to 7, the present invention provides a multi-antenna assembly 6 comprising a PCB substrate 2 and an antenna unit 1 as described above, wherein the antenna unit 1 is formed on the PCB substrate 2 along a first direction X, the first direction X being a thickness direction of the PCB substrate 2.

The antenna unit 1 includes at least a first antenna unit and a second antenna unit, and the first antenna unit and the second antenna unit have the same structure. The first antenna unit extends along a second direction Y of the PCB substrate 2, the second antenna unit 1 extends along a third direction Z of the PCB substrate 2, the second direction Y is perpendicular to the third direction Z, and the first direction X is perpendicular to the second direction Y and the third direction Z. The first antenna unit and the second antenna unit are monopole antennas, and the first antenna unit is perpendicular to the second antenna unit, so that the monopole antennas can not only receive signal incoming waves in the horizontal direction, but also receive signal incoming waves in the vertical direction, and field type complementation is realized. On the other hand, the first antenna unit and the second antenna unit are vertically arranged, so that the polarization directions of the first antenna unit and the second antenna unit are vertical, and higher isolation is realized.

Referring to fig. 2 in combination with fig. 3 to 7, the length of the pcb substrate 2 in the second direction Y is 120mm to 140mm, and the length of the pcb substrate 2 in the third direction Z is 75mm to 100mm. In this embodiment, the first antenna unit and the second antenna unit are disposed at opposite angles of the PCB substrate 2, so that the isolation between the first antenna unit and the second antenna unit is-13 dB to-10 dB, and mutual interference is reduced.

Preferably, the length of the PCB substrate 2 is 100mm by 140mm, the antenna units 1 are respectively disposed at the edges of the PCB substrate 2, as shown in fig. 2, the first antenna unit and the second antenna unit are respectively disposed at opposite angles of the PCB substrate 2, so that a sufficiently high isolation is obtained between the two antenna units, and particularly, the isolation of the low frequency band 698-960 MHz can reach below-10 dB.

Illustratively, as shown in fig. 16, the isolation between the first antenna element and the second antenna element is below-10 dB. Specifically, the first marker point shows that the isolation is about-18 dB at a frequency of 698 MHz; the second marker shows that at a frequency of 960MHz, the isolation is-17.66 dB; the third marker point shows that the isolation is about-19.28 dB at a frequency of 1710 MHz; the fourth marker point shows that at a frequency of 2690MHz, the isolation is about-30.75 dB; the fifth marker point shows that at a frequency of 3300MHz, the isolation is about-42.37 dB; the sixth marker point shows that the isolation is about-43.58 dB at a frequency of 5000MHz.

In some possible embodiments, in addition to including a 5G communication antenna, a V2X communication band covering the 5850-5920 MHz band is integrated into the multi-antenna assembly 6 to optimize the performance of the multi-antenna assembly 6. And the antenna unit 1 reduces the section height of the multi-antenna assembly 6, and can be flexibly placed without being influenced by the section height when being mounted on an automobile.

In a third aspect, the present invention discloses an automobile comprising a multi-antenna assembly 6 as described above.

By adopting the technical scheme, the multi-antenna assembly 6 with low profile height is used on the automobile, so that the placement position of the multi-antenna assembly 6 is flexible and is not limited. The multi-antenna assembly 6 not only has compact antenna layout and lower profile height, but also can realize higher low-frequency isolation, and simultaneously meets the application requirements of various multi-antenna multi-band automobile communication systems.

While the invention has been shown and described with reference to certain preferred embodiments thereof, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing is a further detailed description of the invention with reference to specific embodiments, and it is not intended to limit the practice of the invention to those descriptions. Various changes in form and detail may be made therein by those skilled in the art, including a few simple inferences or alternatives, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.

Claims (12)

1. An antenna unit, characterized in that the antenna unit is formed on a PCB substrate, the antenna unit comprises a first branch, a second branch, a third branch, a fourth branch, a fifth branch and a sixth branch with different shapes,

the first branches and the second branches are stacked along a first direction of the PCB substrate to form a first branch group, the first direction is a thickness direction of the PCB substrate, and the third branches and the fourth branches are stacked along the first direction to form a second branch group;

the first branch groups and the second branch groups are arranged at intervals along a second direction, and the second direction is perpendicular to the first direction;

two ends of the fifth branch are respectively connected to the first branch group and the second branch group, and the dimension of the fifth branch along the first direction is 10 mm-15 mm;

the sixth dendrite is formed on the PCB substrate and is arranged with the second dendrite group along a third direction at intervals, and the third direction is perpendicular to the first direction and the second direction.

2. The antenna unit of claim 1, wherein the first and second stubs are disposed opposite each other and are formed on first and second sides of the PCB substrate, respectively; the first branch is the rectangle, the second branch includes first rectangle body and connects on first rectangle body along the second direction orientation the bellied first bellying of second branch group, first bellying is followed the second direction sets up and keep away from one side at PCB base plate edge with first rectangle body is followed the second direction sets up and keep away from one side at PCB base plate edge aligns the setting in the second direction, the area of first branch is less than the second branch.

3. The antenna element of claim 1, wherein a feed point of the antenna element is disposed on the second branch.

4. The antenna unit of claim 1, wherein the third and fourth branches are disposed opposite each other and formed on the first and second sides of the PCB substrate, respectively; the third branch comprises a second rectangular body and a second protruding part which is connected to the second rectangular body and protrudes towards the first branch group along the second direction;

the fourth branch comprises a third rectangular body and a plurality of third protruding parts which are connected to the third rectangular body and protrude towards the first branch group along the second direction, and the area of the third branch is smaller than that of the fourth branch.

5. The antenna unit of claim 1, wherein the sixth stub is aligned with the second stub set along the third direction.

6. The antenna unit of claim 1, wherein the fifth branch is in a door frame shape, and two ends of the fifth branch are respectively inserted into the first branch group and the second branch group.

7. The antenna unit of claim 1, wherein the first stub set includes a first through hole extending in the first direction, and the second stub set includes a second through hole extending in the first direction;

the first branch and the second branch are electrically connected through the first through hole, and the third branch and the fourth branch are electrically connected through the second through hole.

8. The antenna unit of any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the antenna unit is provided in a headroom region of the PCB substrate.

9. A multi-antenna assembly comprising a PCB substrate and an antenna unit as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein,

the antenna unit is formed on the PCB substrate along a first direction, and the first direction is the thickness direction of the PCB substrate;

the antenna unit at least comprises a first antenna unit and a second antenna unit, wherein the first antenna unit extends along a second direction of the PCB substrate, the second antenna unit extends along a third direction of the PCB substrate, the second direction is perpendicular to the third direction, and the first direction is perpendicular to the second direction and the third direction.

10. The multi-antenna assembly of claim 9, wherein the length of the PCB substrate in the second direction is 120mm to 140mm and the length of the PCB substrate in the three directions is 75mm to 100mm.

11. The multi-antenna assembly of claim 10, wherein the first antenna element and the second antenna element are disposed diagonally to the PCB substrate.

12. An automobile comprising a multi-antenna assembly according to any one of claims 9 to 11.

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