CN116008346A - Flow heat transfer performance device and test method for high-temperature liquid metal - Google Patents
Flow heat transfer performance device and test method for high-temperature liquid metal Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A flow heat transfer performance device and a test method for high-temperature liquid metal relate to the field of liquid metal. The problems of insufficient research on the flow heat exchange performance of certain liquid metals at high temperature caused by the increase of the difficulty in measuring the convection heat exchange coefficient at high temperature and the development cost in the prior art are solved. The device comprises a high-temperature liquid metal loop, a normal-temperature liquid metal loop and a deionized water loop; the high temperature liquid metal circuit includes: an electromagnetic flowmeter I12, an expansion tank 13 and a high-temperature loop; the normal temperature liquid metal loop comprises: the second electromagnetic flowmeter 22 and the normal-temperature loop, and the deionized water loop comprises a flowmeter 9 and a water loop; the argon bottle, the vacuum pump, the heating type liquid storage tank and the expansion tank are sequentially connected to form a gas circuit circulation. And is also suitable for the field of high-temperature liquid metal flow heat transfer performance.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to the field of liquid metals.
Background
With the increasing speed of hypersonic aircraft, the aerodynamic heating of the aircraft surfaces by the incoming air and the heat release from the combustion process in the combustion chamber lead to extremely harsh thermal environments for the combustion chamber walls. When the flying speed reaches Mach 6, the temperature in the combustion chamber reaches 3000K, the temperature is far higher than the tolerance temperature of the existing engine materials, fluid with super heat exchange performance is excavated in the face of severe thermal environment, and the development of heat protection work of the engine is particularly important.
The third fluid cooling working medium of the scramjet engine subjected to related research at present comprises helium, benzene, toluene, supercritical carbon dioxide, helium-xenon mixed gas, ammonia water, sodium liquid and the like. The liquid metal has the characteristics of high heat conductivity coefficient, high thermal diffusion coefficient, liquid state at room temperature and the like, and has strong heat transfer capacity as cooling fluid, so that the liquid metal has great potential as a wall cooling working medium.
However, because the liquid metal has the characteristics of easy oxidization, corrosiveness or active chemical property and the like at high temperature, the measurement difficulty and the development cost of the convection heat transfer coefficient at high temperature are increased, and the research on the flow heat transfer performance of certain liquid metals at high temperature is insufficient.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention solves the problems that the prior art cannot realize the high-temperature and high-pressure environment simulating the space environment, the measurement difficulty and the development cost of the convective heat transfer coefficient under high temperature and high pressure are increased, and the research on the flow heat transfer performance of certain liquid metal under high temperature and high pressure is insufficient because the liquid metal under high temperature has the characteristics of easy oxidization, corrosiveness or active chemical property and the like.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme: a high temperature liquid metal flow heat transfer performance apparatus, the apparatus comprising:
a high temperature liquid metal loop, a normal temperature liquid metal loop and a deionized water loop;
the high temperature liquid metal circuit includes: the device comprises an electromagnetic flowmeter I and a high-temperature loop, wherein the Gao Wenhui route is formed by sequentially connecting an electromagnetic pump I, an expansion tank, a muffle furnace, a high-temperature liquid metal pipeline of a test piece and a liquid metal pipeline of a heat exchanger I in series, the electromagnetic flowmeter I is used for storing protective gas, and an inlet of the expansion tank is communicated with an inlet of the muffle furnace;
the normal temperature liquid metal loop comprises: the electromagnetic flowmeter II is used for detecting the flow of the liquid metal in the normal-temperature loop;
the deionized water loop comprises a flowmeter and a water loop, wherein the water loop is formed by connecting a constant flow pump, a water tank and a water pipeline of a first heat exchanger in series, and the flowmeter is used for detecting water flow in the water loop.
Further, the device also comprises a first heating type liquid storage tank and a second heating type liquid storage tank, wherein the first heating type liquid storage tank is used for providing high-temperature liquid metal for the high-temperature loop, and an outlet of the high-temperature liquid metal of the first heating type liquid storage tank is communicated with an inlet of the first electromagnetic pump; the second heating type liquid storage tank is used for providing normal-temperature liquid metal, and an outlet of the second heating type liquid storage tank for the normal-temperature liquid metal is communicated with an inlet of the second electromagnetic pump.
Further, the device also comprises a high Wen Qilu, the high-temperature gas path comprises a high Wen Ya gas cylinder and a high-temperature vacuum pump, the outlet of the Gao Wenya gas cylinder is simultaneously communicated with the inlet of the high-temperature vacuum pump, the gas inlet of the heating type liquid storage tank I and the gas inlet of the expansion tank, and the outlet of the high-temperature vacuum pump is communicated with the high-temperature loop.
Further, the inside high temperature liquid metal pipeline and the normal atmospheric temperature liquid metal pipeline of being provided with of test piece, normal atmospheric temperature liquid metal pipeline exposes the outside of high temperature liquid metal pipeline, is provided with the inner wall between the two, the both ends of high temperature liquid metal pipeline are high temperature side entry and high temperature side export respectively, high temperature side entry and the export intercommunication of muffle, high temperature side export and the liquid metal pipeline entry intercommunication of heat exchanger one, be provided with normal atmospheric temperature side entry on the outer wall that normal atmospheric temperature liquid metal pipeline is close to high temperature side entry department, be liquid metal pipeline internal diameter on the outer wall of test piece inside and high temperature side entry, be provided with normal atmospheric temperature on the outer wall that normal atmospheric temperature liquid metal pipeline is close to the high temperature side export and survey the export, normal atmospheric temperature survey entry links to each other with heat exchanger two exports, normal atmospheric temperature side export and electromagnetic pump two entry intercommunication.
Further, the device also comprises a plurality of temperature sensors and a plurality of pressure sensors, wherein the temperature sensors are respectively used for collecting the inlet temperature t of the liquid metal at the normal temperature side of the test piece 1 Temperature t of outlet of liquid metal at room temperature 2 Inlet temperature t of high temperature side liquid metal 3 High temperature side liquid metal outlet temperature t 4 And the temperature t of the outer wall surface of the test piece co The pressure sensors are used to collect the pressure in the inlet and outlet lines of the muffle 14, respectively.
Further, the electromagnetic pump adopts an air-cooled radiating electromagnetic pump.
Further, the pump pipe of the air-cooled heat dissipation electromagnetic pump is made of 316L material.
Further, the device also comprises a liquid level meter, wherein the liquid level meter is used for detecting the liquid level of the high-temperature liquid metal in the expansion tank.
A method for testing the flow heat transfer performance of a high temperature liquid metal, the method being implemented on the basis of the apparatus, the method comprising the steps of:
s1, filling liquid metal to be detected into a high-temperature loop, and filling the same liquid metal to be detected into a normal-temperature loop; starting a deionized water loop; simultaneously driving the liquid metal in the high-temperature loop and the normal-temperature loop to flow according to a preset flow rate;
s2, controlling the temperature of the liquid metal to be detected in the high-temperature loop to gradually increase through muffle furnace heating according to preset conditions, and collecting the inlet temperature t of the liquid metal to be detected at normal temperature of the test piece in real time in the increasing process 1 Measuring outlet temperature t of liquid metal at normal temperature 2 Inlet temperature t of high temperature side liquid metal 3 High temperature side liquid metal outlet temperature t 4 And the temperature t of the outer wall surface of the test piece c o；
S3, obtaining the qualitative temperature t of the high-temperature side liquid metal according to the temperature data obtained in the step S2 5 Qualitative temperature t of liquid metal at normal temperature 6 ；
According to formula R hh ＝R-R λ -R ch Obtaining the thermal resistance R of the liquid metal at the high temperature side hh The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the In the formula
R λ ＝R cλ +R hλ And->
Wherein t is cim The temperature of the inner wall surface of the normal-temperature liquid metal loop is phi, and the heat exchange amount of the normal-temperature liquid metal is phi;
s4, according to the data obtained in the S2-S3, passing through a formula
Obtaining the convective heat transfer coefficient h of the liquid metal, wherein d hi The inner diameter of the liquid metal pipeline in the test piece is shown.
Further, the shielding gas is argon.
The invention has the advantages that: the invention solves the problems of insufficient research on the flow heat exchange performance of certain liquid metal at high temperature caused by the increased difficulty in measuring and development cost of the convection heat exchange coefficient at high temperature due to the characteristics of easy oxidization, corrosiveness or active chemical property of the liquid metal at high temperature in the prior art.
Under the condition that the liquid metal is single-phase, the experimental system can measure the heat convection coefficient of the liquid metal under the working conditions of 0-3MPa and high temperature reaching 1000 ℃, and compared with the existing measuring mode, the measuring range of the system is greatly improved.
Compared with the existing measurement mode, the experimental system has certain deoxidization and corrosion resistance conditions, and single-phase fluid with physical properties similar to liquid metal can be measured by the system.
Compared with the existing measurement mode, the experimental system can recover the liquid metal in the liquid storage tank by extruding the protective gas into the expansion tank after the measurement test is finished, and can realize secondary utilization by treating the waste liquid, thereby avoiding waste and pollution of the liquid metal.
The electromagnetic pump adopted by the invention drives the liquid metal, the flow state generated by the electromagnetic pump is more continuous than the flow state of the liquid metal conveyed by the peristaltic pump, and the electromagnetic flowmeter can resist high temperature and has higher measurement precision. In the prior art, a peristaltic pump is adopted for driving the liquid metal, the peristaltic pump can only work at normal temperature, the flow rate of the liquid metal can be limited, and the peristaltic pump is replaced by an electromagnetic pump which has more advantages in the aspects of temperature and flow rate.
The invention realizes simulation of the aerospace environment in a high-pressure high-temperature environment which cannot be realized by the prior art.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a flow heat transfer performance device and a test method for high temperature liquid metal according to the present invention. The device comprises a first electromagnetic pump 31, a first electromagnetic flowmeter 12, a first expansion tank 13, a muffle furnace 14, a first heat exchanger 15, a first heating type liquid storage tank 16, a high-temperature vacuum measuring pump 17, a high-temperature argon measuring bottle 18, a flowmeter 9, a constant flow pump 10, a water tank 11, a test piece 32, a second electromagnetic pump 21, a second electromagnetic flowmeter 22, a second expansion tank 23, a second heat exchanger 25, a second heating type heat storage tank 26, a normal-temperature vacuum measuring pump 27, a normal-temperature argon measuring bottle 28, a temperature sensor T and a pressure sensor P; the solid line represents the liquid metal circuit, the short-dash line represents the deionized water circuit, and the stippled line represents the gas path.
Fig. 2 is a schematic axial cross-section of a test piece 32 according to the present invention, in which the middle is a high-temperature liquid metal pipeline and the outer annular pipeline is a normal-temperature liquid metal pipeline. In the figure, t 5 The qualitative temperature, t, of the normal temperature liquid metal in the annular pipeline of the test piece 32 6 Representation testQualitative temperature, t, of the high temperature liquid metal inside the piece 32 hin The temperature t of the inner wall surface of the high temperature side liquid metal cin Is the temperature of the inner wall surface of the normal temperature liquid metal loop, t c o is the temperature of the outer wall surface of the test piece 32.
FIG. 3 is a schematic axial cross-section of a test piece 32 according to the present invention, in which t 3 Is the inlet temperature t of the high-temperature side liquid metal 4 Is the outlet temperature of the liquid metal at the high temperature side, t 1 Is the inlet temperature t of liquid metal at normal temperature side 2 Is the outlet temperature of the liquid metal at the normal temperature side.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of equivalent heat conduction and thermal resistance of a test piece and its internal liquid metal in the heat exchange process, and the arrow indicates the heat transfer direction. In the figure: r is R ch Is the thermal resistance of liquid metal at normal temperature, R hh Is the thermal resistance of the liquid metal at the high temperature side, R cλ Is the qualitative resistance of the high-temperature side liquid metal, R hλ Is the qualitative resistance of the liquid metal at the normal temperature side.
Detailed Description
For the purposes of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application more clear, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some of the embodiments of the present application, but not all of the embodiments.
In the first embodiment, this embodiment will be described with reference to fig. 1. The device for flowing heat transfer performance of high temperature liquid metal according to the present embodiment comprises:
the device comprises a high-temperature liquid metal loop, a normal-temperature liquid metal loop and a deionized water loop;
the high temperature liquid metal circuit includes: the electromagnetic flowmeter I12, the expansion tank 13 and the high-temperature loop, wherein the Gao Wenhui route is formed by sequentially connecting an electromagnetic pump I31, the expansion tank 13, a muffle furnace 14, a high-temperature liquid metal pipeline of a test piece 32 and a liquid metal pipeline of a heat exchanger I15 in series, the electromagnetic flowmeter I12 is used for measuring the flow rate of high-temperature liquid metal to be measured in the high-temperature loop, the expansion tank 13 is used for storing protective gas, and an inlet of the expansion tank 13 is communicated with an inlet of the muffle furnace 14;
the normal temperature liquid metal loop comprises: the electromagnetic flow meter II 22 is used for detecting the flow of the liquid metal in the normal-temperature loop; an inlet of the expansion tank II 23 is communicated with an inlet of the heat exchanger II 25; the outlet of the normal-temperature liquid metal of the heating type liquid storage tank II 26 is communicated with the inlet of the electromagnetic pump II 21.
The deionized water loop comprises a flowmeter 9 and a water loop, wherein the water loop is formed by connecting a constant flow pump 10, a water tank 11 and a water pipeline of a first heat exchanger 15 in series, and the flowmeter 9 is used for detecting water flow in the water loop.
The connectors in the high-temperature liquid metal loop in the embodiment are high-temperature-resistant cutting sleeve connectors, and the device is used for solving the problem that the measuring difficulty of the convective heat transfer coefficient of the device applied to the high-temperature environment is high.
The pipeline of the high-temperature liquid metal flow heat transfer performance device in the first embodiment is provided with a tee joint, a four-way joint, an elbow and a plurality of straight-through joints, and the tee joint, the four-way joint, the elbow and the straight-through joints are used for connecting the whole loop. Valves may be provided in the respective lines as required to effect switching or flow control.
The second embodiment and the present embodiment are further defined by the apparatus for flowing heat transfer performance of high-temperature liquid metal according to the first embodiment, where the apparatus further includes a first heating-type liquid storage tank 16 and a second heating-type liquid storage tank 26, the first heating-type liquid storage tank 16 is used for providing high-temperature liquid metal for the high-temperature circuit, and an outlet of the high-temperature liquid metal of the first heating-type liquid storage tank 16 is communicated with an inlet of the first electromagnetic pump 31; the second heating type liquid storage tank 26 is used for providing normal-temperature liquid metal, and an outlet of the normal-temperature liquid metal of the second heating type liquid storage tank 26 is communicated with an inlet of the second electromagnetic pump 21.
In the embodiment, the first heating type liquid storage tank 16 is added and is used for providing injected liquid metal for the high-temperature loop, in practical application, the liquid metal is injected into the first heating type liquid storage tank 16, the liquid state of the liquid metal is continuously heated and ensured, and then the liquid metal in the first heating type liquid storage tank 16 is injected into the high-temperature loop according to the test requirement to realize the test. After the test is completed, the liquid metal in the high temperature loop can also be reversely injected back into the heating type liquid storage tank I16 for storage for the next use.
In the embodiment, the second heating type liquid storage tank 26 is added and is used for providing injected liquid metal for the normal temperature loop, in practical application, the liquid metal is injected into the second heating type liquid storage tank 26, the liquid state of the liquid metal is continuously heated and ensured, and then the liquid metal in the second heating type liquid storage tank 26 is injected into the normal temperature loop according to the test requirement, so that the test is realized. After the test is completed, the liquid metal in the normal temperature loop can be reversely injected back into the heating type liquid storage tank II 26 for the next use.
In the third embodiment, a high temperature Wen Qilu is added to the device for flow heat transfer performance of high temperature liquid metal according to the first or second embodiment, the high temperature gas path includes a high temperature argon bottle 18 and a high temperature vacuum pump 17, an outlet of the high temperature argon bottle 18 is simultaneously communicated with an inlet of the high temperature vacuum pump 17, a gas inlet of the heating type liquid storage tank 16, and a gas inlet of the expansion tank 13, and an outlet of the high temperature vacuum pump 17 is communicated with the high temperature circuit.
In this embodiment, the normal temperature gas path may further include a normal temperature argon cylinder 28 and a normal temperature vacuum pump 27, where an outlet of the normal temperature argon cylinder 28 is simultaneously communicated with an inlet of the normal temperature vacuum pump 27, a gas inlet of the heating type liquid storage tank II 26, and a gas inlet of the expansion tank II 23, and an outlet of the normal temperature vacuum pump 27 is communicated with the normal temperature loop.
In practical application, the high-temperature gas circuit is used for cleaning a high-temperature liquid metal loop before the device is used, namely: argon in a high-temperature argon bottle 18 is filled into the high-temperature liquid metal loop through a high-temperature vacuum pump 17 and is filled fully, so that all other gases and impurities are removed.
In the testing process, argon is filled into the heating type liquid storage tank I16 to apply pressure, and liquid metal in the heating type liquid storage tank I16 is filled into the high-temperature liquid metal loop until the high-temperature liquid metal loop is full, so that the testing is started.
After the test is completed, a high Wen Ya gas cylinder 18 is injected into the high-temperature liquid metal loop through the first electromagnetic flowmeter 12, and the liquid metal in the loop is pressed back into the first heating type liquid storage tank 16, so that the recovery of the liquid metal is realized. The control process of the normal temperature liquid metal loop is the same as the control process.
In a fourth embodiment, referring to fig. 2 and 3, the present embodiment is further defined by the flow heat transfer performance device of a high-temperature liquid metal in the first embodiment, a high-temperature liquid metal pipeline and a normal-temperature liquid metal pipeline are disposed inside the test piece 32, the normal-temperature liquid metal pipeline is exposed outside the high-temperature liquid metal pipeline, an inner wall is disposed between the high-temperature liquid metal pipeline and the high-temperature liquid metal pipeline, two ends of the high-temperature liquid metal pipeline are a high-temperature side inlet and a high-temperature side outlet respectively, the high-temperature side inlet is communicated with an outlet of the muffle 14, the high-temperature side outlet is communicated with a liquid metal pipeline inlet of the first heat exchanger 15, a normal-temperature side inlet is disposed on an outer wall, adjacent to the high-temperature side inlet, of the test piece 32, a normal-temperature side inner diameter of the liquid metal pipeline is disposed on an outer wall, adjacent to the high-temperature side outlet, the normal-temperature side inlet is connected with a second 25 outlet of the heat exchanger, and the normal-temperature side outlet is communicated with a second 21 inlet of the electromagnetic pump.
This embodiment shows a specific structure of the test piece 32, as shown in fig. 2 and 3.
A fifth embodiment is a further limitation of the high-temperature liquid metal flow heat transfer performance apparatus according to the first embodiment, wherein the apparatus further includes a plurality of temperature sensors T and a plurality of pressure sensors P, and the plurality of temperature sensors T are respectively configured to collect the inlet temperature T of the liquid metal on the normal temperature side of the test piece 32 1 Temperature t of outlet of liquid metal at room temperature 2 Liquid state at high temperature sideMetal inlet temperature t 3 High temperature side liquid metal outlet temperature t 4 And the temperature t of the outer wall surface of the test piece 32 co The pressure sensors P are used to collect the pressure in the inlet and outlet lines of the muffle 14, respectively.
The temperature sensor T in this embodiment may be implemented by a type K thermocouple, and the pressure sensor P may be implemented by a differential pressure transmitter.
In the sixth embodiment, the present embodiment is further limited to the high-temperature liquid metal flow heat transfer performance device described in the fourth embodiment, and the first electromagnetic pump 31 is an air-cooled heat dissipation electromagnetic pump.
In the air-cooled heat dissipation electromagnetic pump according to the present embodiment, the pump pipe material is preferably 316L.
According to the flow heat transfer performance device for the high-temperature liquid metal, the electromagnetic pump is a high-temperature-resistant air-cooled radiating electromagnetic pump, and the liquid metal is driven to complete circulation through electromagnetic induction. The pump pipe is made of 316L material, and the corrosion resistance effect is better than that of other materials. The device adopts a high-temperature resistant electromagnetic pump and an electromagnetic flowmeter, wherein the high-temperature resistant electromagnetic flowmeter can enable the initial temperature of liquid metal in an experiment to reach above 823K, and the temperature of the liquid metal after being heated can reach above 1000K, so that the measurement of the heat exchange coefficient of the liquid metal in a high-temperature area is realized.
An eighth embodiment is a further limitation of the apparatus for flow heat transfer performance of high temperature liquid metal according to the first embodiment, wherein the apparatus further includes a level gauge for detecting a level of high temperature liquid metal inside the expansion tank 13; the expansion tank 23 further includes a level gauge for detecting the level of the normal temperature liquid metal inside the expansion tank 23.
An embodiment ninth, a method for testing flow heat transfer performance of high temperature liquid metal according to the embodiment, the method being implemented based on the apparatus according to any one of the embodiments, the method comprising the steps of:
s1, filling liquid metal to be detected into a high-temperature loop, and filling the same liquid metal to be detected into a normal-temperature loop; starting a deionized water loop; simultaneously driving the liquid metal in the high-temperature loop and the normal-temperature loop to flow according to a preset flow speed of 0.1-1 m/s;
s2, when the preset condition is that the muffle furnace temperature is in a preset range of 100-1000 ℃. The temperature of the liquid metal to be detected in the high-temperature loop is gradually increased by heating and controlling the muffle furnace 14, the temperature of the muffle furnace 14 is automatically increased after the temperature increasing program of the muffle furnace 14 is set, and in the increasing process, the acquisition test piece 32 is used for measuring the inlet temperature t of the liquid metal at normal temperature according to the temperature of the muffle furnace 14 which is set by increasing 1 Measuring outlet temperature t of liquid metal at normal temperature 2 Inlet temperature t of high temperature side liquid metal 3 High temperature side liquid metal outlet temperature t 4 And the temperature t of the outer wall surface of the test piece 32 c o；
S3, obtaining the qualitative temperature t of the high-temperature side liquid metal according to the temperature data obtained in the step S2 5 Qualitative temperature t of liquid metal at normal temperature 6 ；
According to formula R hh ＝R-R λ -R ch Obtaining the thermal resistance R of the liquid metal at the high temperature side hh The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the In the formula
R λ ＝R cλ +R hλ And->
Wherein t is cim The temperature of the inner wall surface of the normal-temperature liquid metal loop is phi, and the heat exchange amount of the normal-temperature liquid metal is phi;
wherein phi=c P1 m(t 2 -t 1 )，C P1 Specific heat of the liquid metal at the normal temperature is expressed in terms of J/(Kg-DEG C), J/(Kg-K), and m is the mass of the liquid metal at the normal temperature, and the unit is Kg/s and Kg/s;
FIG. 4 shows a flow heat transfer performance apparatus for high temperature liquid metal according to the present inventionAnd the equivalent heat conduction and resistance of the test piece and the liquid metal in the test piece are shown in the schematic diagram in the heat exchange process, and the arrow indicates the heat transfer direction. In the figure: r is R ch Is the thermal resistance of liquid metal at normal temperature, R hh Is the thermal resistance of the liquid metal at the high temperature side, R cλ Is the qualitative resistance of the high-temperature side liquid metal, R hλ Is the qualitative resistance of the liquid metal at the normal temperature side.
S4, according to the data obtained in the S2-S3, passing through a formula
Obtaining the convective heat transfer coefficient h of the liquid metal, wherein d hi The inner diameter of the liquid metal pipeline in the test piece is shown, and l is the length of the high-temperature liquid metal pipeline of the test piece.
And after all the temperature data tests in the steps S2-S3 are finished, the heating of the test is finished, the heating power supply of the muffle furnace 14 is turned off, the continuous operation of the liquid metal and deionized water side supply system is kept, after the muffle furnace 14 is cooled to a safe temperature, the total power supply of the muffle furnace 14 is turned off, and the power supply of the liquid metal and deionized water supply system is turned off. And finishing the test, finishing test data and test tools, and treating the waste liquid.
After the test is finished, the liquid metal is recovered in the heating type liquid storage tank I16 by extruding the protective gas into the expansion tank I13, and the waste liquid is treated to realize secondary utilization, so that the waste and pollution of the liquid metal are avoided.
According to the embodiment, under the condition that the liquid metal is single-phase, the experiment system can measure the convective heat transfer coefficient of the liquid metal under the working conditions of 0-3MPa and high temperature to 1000 ℃, and the problems that the measurement difficulty and the development cost of the convective heat transfer coefficient of the liquid metal under the high temperature are increased, so that the research on the flow heat transfer performance of certain liquid metals under the high temperature is insufficient in the background technology can be solved; compared with the existing measurement mode, the measurement range of the system is greatly improved.
In a tenth embodiment, the present embodiment is a further limitation of the method for testing a flow heat transfer performance of a high-temperature liquid metal according to the seventh embodiment, wherein the shielding gas is argon.
Argon is a rare gas that is currently in wide commercial use. Its properties are very inactive, neither burning nor supporting combustion. In the sectors of aircraft manufacturing, shipbuilding, atomic energy industry and mechanical industry, argon is often used as a welding shielding gas for welding special metals such as aluminum, magnesium, copper and alloys thereof, and stainless steel to prevent the welded parts from being oxidized or nitrided by air. In the aspect of metal smelting, oxygen and argon blowing are important measures for producing high-quality steel, and the argon consumption of 1-3 m per 1t of steel is consumed 3 . In addition, the smelting of special metals such as titanium, zirconium, germanium, etc. requires argon as a shielding gas in the electronics industry.
Argon is a rare gas that is currently in wide commercial use. Its properties are very inactive, neither burning nor supporting combustion. In the sectors of aircraft manufacturing, shipbuilding, atomic energy industry and mechanical industry, argon is often used as a welding shielding gas for welding special metals such as aluminum, magnesium, copper and alloys thereof, and stainless steel to prevent the welded parts from being oxidized or nitrided by air. In the aspect of metal smelting, oxygen and argon blowing are important measures for producing high-quality steel, and the argon consumption of 1-3 m < 3 > per 1t of steel to be smelted. In addition, the smelting of special metals such as titanium, zirconium, germanium, etc. requires argon as a shielding gas in the electronics industry.
While preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described, additional variations and modifications in those embodiments may occur to those skilled in the art once they learn of the basic inventive concepts. It is therefore intended that the following claims be interpreted as including the preferred embodiments and all such alterations and modifications as fall within the scope of the invention. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, it is intended that the present invention also include such modifications and alterations insofar as they come within the scope of the appended claims or the equivalents thereof.
Claims (10)
1. The device is characterized by comprising a high-temperature liquid metal loop, a normal-temperature liquid metal loop and a deionized water loop;
the high temperature liquid metal circuit includes: the device comprises an electromagnetic flowmeter I (12), an expansion tank (13) and a high-temperature loop, wherein the Gao Wenhui route is formed by sequentially connecting an electromagnetic pump I (31), a muffle furnace (14), a high-temperature liquid metal pipeline of a test piece (32) and a liquid metal pipeline of a heat exchanger I (15) in series, the electromagnetic flowmeter I (12) is used for detecting the flow of high-temperature liquid metal to be detected in the high-temperature loop, the expansion tank (13) is used for storing protective gas, and an inlet of the expansion tank (13) is communicated with an inlet of the muffle furnace (14);
the normal temperature liquid metal loop comprises: the electromagnetic flowmeter II (22) and the normal-temperature loop are sequentially connected in series with an electromagnetic pump II (21), a heat exchanger II (25), a normal-temperature liquid metal pipeline of a test piece (32) and a liquid metal pipeline of the heat exchanger II (25), and the electromagnetic flowmeter II (22) is used for detecting the flow of liquid metal in the normal-temperature loop; the expansion tank II (23) is used for receiving the protective gas, and the inlet of the expansion tank II (23) is communicated with the inlet of the heat exchanger II (25);
the deionized water loop comprises a flowmeter (9) and a water loop, wherein the water loop is formed by connecting a constant flow pump (10), a water tank (11) and a water pipeline of a first heat exchanger (15) in series, and the flowmeter (9) is used for detecting water flow in the water loop.
2. A high temperature liquid metal flow heat transfer performance apparatus as claimed in claim 1 further comprising a first heated reservoir (16) and a second heated reservoir (26), the first heated reservoir (16) being adapted to provide high temperature liquid metal to the high temperature circuit, the outlet of the high temperature liquid metal of the first heated reservoir (16) being in communication with the inlet of the first electromagnetic pump (31); the second heating type liquid storage tank (26) is used for providing normal-temperature liquid metal, and an outlet of the normal-temperature liquid metal of the second heating type liquid storage tank (26) is communicated with an inlet of the second electromagnetic pump (21).
3. A high temperature liquid metal flow heat transfer performance device according to claim 1, further comprising a high temperature Wen Qilu, wherein the high temperature gas circuit comprises a high temperature argon bottle (18) and a high temperature vacuum pump (17), the outlet of the high temperature argon bottle (18) is simultaneously communicated with the inlet of the high temperature vacuum pump (17), the gas inlet of the heating type liquid storage tank (16) and the gas inlet of the expansion tank (13), and the outlet of the high temperature vacuum pump (17) is communicated with the high temperature circuit.
4. The device for flowing heat transfer performance of high-temperature liquid metal according to claim 1, wherein a high-temperature liquid metal pipeline and a normal-temperature liquid metal pipeline are arranged in the test piece (32), the normal-temperature liquid metal pipeline is exposed outside the high-temperature liquid metal pipeline, an inner wall is arranged between the high-temperature liquid metal pipeline and the normal-temperature liquid metal pipeline, two ends of the high-temperature liquid metal pipeline are respectively provided with a high-temperature side inlet and a high-temperature side outlet, the high-temperature side inlet is communicated with an outlet of a muffle furnace (14), the high-temperature side outlet is communicated with a liquid metal pipeline inlet of a first heat exchanger (15), a normal-temperature side inlet is arranged on an outer wall, close to the high-temperature side inlet, of the normal-temperature liquid metal pipeline, a normal-temperature measuring outlet is arranged on an outer wall, close to the high-temperature side outlet, of the normal-temperature liquid metal pipeline, the normal-temperature measuring inlet is connected with a second heat exchanger (25) outlet, and the normal-temperature side outlet is communicated with a second electromagnetic pump (21) inlet.
5. The high-temperature liquid metal flow heat transfer performance device according to claim 4, further comprising a plurality of temperature sensors (T) and a plurality of pressure sensors (P), wherein the plurality of temperature sensors (T) are respectively used for collecting the temperature T of the liquid metal inlet on the normal temperature side of the test piece (32) 1 Temperature t of outlet of liquid metal at room temperature 2 Inlet temperature t of high temperature side liquid metal 3 High temperature side liquid metal outlet temperature t 4 And the temperature t of the outer wall surface of the test piece (32) co The plurality of pressure sensors (P) are used for collecting the pressure in the inlet and outlet pipelines of the muffle (14) respectively.
6. The device for the flow heat transfer performance of high temperature liquid metal according to claim 1, wherein the first electromagnetic pump (31) is an air-cooled heat-dissipating electromagnetic pump.
7. The device for flowing heat transfer performance of high temperature liquid metal according to claim 6, wherein the pump tube of the air-cooled heat dissipation electromagnetic pump is 316L.
8. A device for the flow heat transfer properties of high temperature liquid metal according to claim 1, characterized in that the device further comprises a level gauge for detecting the level of high temperature liquid metal inside the expansion tank (13).
9. A method for testing the flow heat transfer performance of a high temperature liquid metal, the method being based on the apparatus of claim 1, the method comprising the steps of:
s1, filling liquid metal to be detected into a high-temperature loop, and filling the same liquid metal to be detected into a normal-temperature loop; starting a deionized water loop; simultaneously driving the liquid metal in the high-temperature loop and the normal-temperature loop to flow according to a preset flow rate;
s2, heating and controlling the temperature of the liquid metal to be detected in the high-temperature loop to be gradually increased through a muffle furnace (14) according to preset conditions, and collecting the inlet temperature t of the liquid metal, measured at normal temperature, of a test piece (32) in real time in the increasing process 1 Measuring outlet temperature t of liquid metal at normal temperature 2 Inlet temperature t of high temperature side liquid metal 3 High temperature side liquid metal outlet temperature t 4 And the temperature t of the outer wall surface of the test piece (32) co ；
S3, obtaining the qualitative temperature t of the high-temperature side liquid metal according to the temperature data obtained in the step S2 5 Qualitative temperature t of liquid metal at normal temperature 6 ；
According to formula R hh ＝R-R λ -R ch Obtaining the thermal resistance R of the liquid metal at the high temperature side hh The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the In the formula
R λ ＝R cλ +R hλ ，
Wherein t is cim The temperature of the inner wall surface of the normal-temperature liquid metal loop is phi, and the heat exchange amount of the liquid metal in the normal-temperature liquid metal loop is phi;
s4, according to the data obtained in the S2-S3, passing through a formula
Obtaining the convective heat transfer coefficient h of the liquid metal, wherein d hi The inner diameter of the high-temperature liquid metal pipeline of the test piece is represented, and l represents the length of the high-temperature liquid metal pipeline of the test piece.
10. The method for testing the flow heat transfer performance of high temperature liquid metal according to claim 1, wherein the shielding gas is argon.
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