CN113984582A - Multifunctional small-flow liquid lead bismuth and SCO2Experimental system for flow heat transfer research - Google Patents
Multifunctional small-flow liquid lead bismuth and SCO2Experimental system for flow heat transfer research Download PDFInfo
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- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 187
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 138
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 95
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 92
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 80
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 320
- 229910001152 Bi alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 162
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 160
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 160
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 94
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 101000874364 Homo sapiens Protein SCO2 homolog, mitochondrial Proteins 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 102100035546 Protein SCO2 homolog, mitochondrial Human genes 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 19
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- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 claims description 30
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- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims description 28
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 claims description 10
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- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
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- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- 241000251729 Elasmobranchii Species 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012356 Product development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N11/00—Investigating flow properties of materials, e.g. viscosity, plasticity; Analysing materials by determining flow properties
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N25/00—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means
- G01N25/20—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means by investigating the development of heat, i.e. calorimetry, e.g. by measuring specific heat, by measuring thermal conductivity
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Abstract
The invention provides multifunctional small-flow liquid lead bismuth and SCO2The experimental system for the research of the flow heat transfer comprises a liquid lead bismuth alloy test section, a supercritical carbon dioxide test section and a liquid lead bismuth alloy and supercritical carbon dioxide coupling test section; the system can realize the experimental study of the coupling heat transfer between the liquid lead bismuth alloy and the SCO2, the experimental study of the flow heat transfer of the liquid lead bismuth alloy and the SCO2Experimental study of flow heat transfer. The experimental system can respectively carry out experimental study on the flowing and heat transfer mechanism of the liquid lead bismuth and the supercritical carbon dioxide working medium, and can also realize the study on the coupling heat transfer characteristics of the low-power liquid lead bismuth alloy and the supercritical carbon dioxide in the experimental systemDevelopment of a heat transfer heat exchanger.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to research on the flowing and heat transfer characteristics of a liquid lead-bismuth alloy single tube and supercritical carbon dioxide single tubeStudy of flow and heat transfer characteristics in tube, and liquid lead bismuth alloy (LBE) and supercritical carbon dioxide (S-CO)2) And (5) researching the coupling heat transfer characteristics of the two working media. The small-flow multifunctional experimental system belongs to the research on the flowing and heat transfer characteristics of liquid lead-bismuth alloy and supercritical carbon dioxide and the heat transfer characteristics of a heat exchanger.
Background
At present, the research on the heat transfer characteristics of the liquid lead bismuth is not sufficient at home and abroad, and the quantity of test data provided in the existing documents is limited and is not systematic, so that the heat transfer characteristics of the liquid lead bismuth are necessary to be researched sufficiently, but the small-flow measurement difficulty of the lead bismuth alloy is high, and an instrument for applying accurate measurement is lacked, so that the small-sized experimental system construction is carried out in a laboratory, and the research on the flow and heat transfer characteristics of the liquid lead bismuth alloy is difficult. Supercritical carbon dioxide (S-CO)2) The heat exchanger is a fluid in a special state between gas and liquid, has the dual properties and advantages of gas and liquid, but the experimental research on the heat transfer characteristics in the supercritical carbon dioxide microchannel is still insufficient, and the development of the efficient compact supercritical carbon dioxide working medium heat exchanger needs the support of a large amount of experimental data.
At present, a small-sized efficient nuclear power reactor taking liquid lead-bismuth alloy as a cooling working medium is the leading-edge field of nuclear energy development internationally, and the small-sized reactor in the form of coupling heat transfer of the liquid lead-bismuth alloy and supercritical carbon dioxide is more suitable for being built in remote mountainous areas, isolated islands, reefs and the like, and has great application prospect in the military and civil fusion fields of aerospace, deep sea exploration and the like. Because the flow and heat transfer of the supercritical carbon dioxide are different from the general law of forced convection heat transfer, the flow heat transfer characteristics of the liquid lead-bismuth alloy and the supercritical carbon dioxide and the coupling heat transfer characteristics between the liquid lead-bismuth alloy and the supercritical carbon dioxide are still explored.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to realize accurate measurement of the flow of the liquid lead-bismuth alloy under the working condition of small flow, complete experimental study on the flow and heat transfer characteristics of the low-power liquid lead-bismuth alloy, accumulate experimental data on the heat transfer characteristics of the liquid lead-bismuth alloy and explore a means for strengthening heat transfer of the liquid lead-bismuth alloy; the difference of the heat transfer characteristics of the carbon dioxide in the near-critical area and the supercritical area is analyzed through experiments, and the flowing and heat transfer characteristics of the supercritical carbon dioxide in the micro-channel are researched; researching the coupling heat transfer characteristics of the liquid lead bismuth alloy and the supercritical carbon dioxide; performing visual heat transfer and flow heat transfer characteristic research on the liquid lead bismuth and the supercritical carbon dioxide; the experimental data support is provided for the development of the efficient compact heat exchanger based on two working media of liquid lead-based alloy and supercritical carbon dioxide.
The purpose of the invention is realized as follows:
multifunctional small-flow liquid lead bismuth and SCO2The experimental system for the research of the flow heat transfer comprises a liquid lead bismuth alloy test section, a supercritical carbon dioxide test section and a liquid lead bismuth alloy and supercritical carbon dioxide coupling test section; the liquid lead bismuth alloy and supercritical carbon dioxide coupling test section comprises: the system comprises a liquid lead bismuth alloy pipeline, a supercritical carbon dioxide pipeline and a heat exchanger, wherein the heat exchanger comprises a printed circuit board heat exchanger or a shell-and-tube heat exchanger; the liquid lead bismuth alloy pipeline comprises: the device comprises a lead bismuth alloy tank 1, a lead bismuth alloy tank 2, an electromagnetic pump, an electric heater, a nitrogen cylinder, a differential pressure measuring device, a lead bismuth alloy heater 1, a lead bismuth alloy heater 2, a pipeline heating belt, a high-pressure nitrogen pipeline and a pressure and temperature measuring point; the supercritical carbon dioxide pipeline comprises: the carbon dioxide dewar tank, the supercritical carbon dioxide evaporation heating bottle, the carbon dioxide pump, the flowmeter 1, the temperature and pressure reduction device, the supercritical carbon dioxide gas heater, the flowmeter 2, also include pressure and temperature measurement point.
The system can realize the experimental study of the coupling heat transfer between the liquid lead bismuth alloy and the SCO2, the experimental study of the flow heat transfer of the liquid lead bismuth alloy and the SCO2Experimental study of flow heat transfer.
The experimental study on the coupling heat transfer of the liquid lead bismuth alloy and the SCO2 specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) closing all valves in the experiment system before the experiment begins;
(2) the method comprises the following steps of (1) filling solid lead bismuth alloy with the amount required by an experiment into a lead bismuth alloy tank 1, opening a connecting pipeline of a nitrogen bottle and the lead bismuth alloy tank 1 and a lead bismuth alloy tank 2 and an exhaust pipeline valve, simultaneously purging the lead bismuth alloy tank 1 and the lead bismuth alloy tank 2 by using high-pressure nitrogen, and closing the corresponding valves after purging;
(3) starting a lead bismuth heater in the lead bismuth tank 1, and simultaneously starting the lead bismuth alloy tank 1, the lead bismuth alloy tank 2 and a heating belt laid on the outer wall of the system pipeline, so that the solid lead bismuth alloy is rapidly melted, and the temperature of the metal wall of the system pipeline is higher than 150 ℃;
(4) filling high-pressure nitrogen into the lead bismuth tank 1, pressing the liquid lead bismuth alloy in the lead bismuth tank 1 into the lead bismuth tank 2, and communicating air spaces of the lead bismuth tank 1 and the lead bismuth tank 2 in parallel;
(5) starting a lead bismuth heater in the lead bismuth tank 2, continuously heating the molten liquid lead bismuth alloy to enable the molten liquid lead bismuth alloy to reach a temperature interval required by a test, and preparing the test;
(6) simultaneously, preparing supercritical carbon dioxide gas required by the test, conveying liquid carbon dioxide from the carbon dioxide dewar to the bottom of a liquid carbon dioxide evaporation heater by utilizing the pressure of the carbon dioxide dewar, metering the amount of the carbon dioxide conveyed into a liquid carbon dioxide evaporation heating bottle by a flowmeter, and closing corresponding valves after the carbon dioxide is conveyed;
(7) starting a carbon dioxide heater to enable the gas pressure in the liquid carbon dioxide evaporation heating bottle to rise to a preset pressure value, closing the carbon dioxide heater, and maintaining the temperature of the carbon dioxide gas to be stable by utilizing an electric heating belt on the outer wall of the liquid carbon dioxide evaporation heating bottle;
(8) after the liquid lead bismuth alloy solution and the supercritical carbon dioxide meet the test requirements, the valve is opened
Regulating pressure regulating valve
Through a pressure stabilizing valve
Maintaining the pressure of carbon dioxide at a lower pressure value, preheating the carbon dioxide channel of the heat exchanger, monitoring the temperature change of the carbon dioxide at the outlet of the heat exchanger, and exchangingThe change of the metal temperature of the wall surface of the heat exchanger meets the requirement of a heat transfer test when the metal temperature of the wall surface exceeds 150 ℃;
(9) according to the drawn up test outline, adjusting the pressure regulating valve and the pressure stabilizing valve to maintain the pressure of the carbon dioxide at a drawn up value; opening a corresponding valve at the side of the liquid lead bismuth pipeline, simultaneously starting an electromagnetic pump, pumping the liquid lead bismuth alloy to the micro-channel heat exchanger, starting an electric heater, and maintaining the temperature of the liquid lead bismuth alloy entering the micro-channel heat exchanger at a constant value, so that test data analysis is facilitated;
(10) the liquid lead bismuth alloy in the lead bismuth tank 2 directly flows into the lead bismuth tank 1 after heat transfer through a heat exchanger under the action of an electromagnetic pump; after the high-pressure gas in the liquid carbon dioxide evaporation heating bottle is subjected to heat transfer through the heat exchanger, the high-pressure gas enters a temperature and pressure reducing device, and the pressure and the temperature are reduced to values which allow the high-pressure gas to be discharged to the atmospheric environment and then are discharged to the atmosphere; after the pressure and temperature values are stable, considering that a working condition test is finished;
(11) when the remaining liquid lead bismuth alloy is insufficient for carrying out the experiment for one time, stopping the experiment, cutting off a corresponding valve in the system, and pressing the liquid lead bismuth alloy into the lead bismuth tank 2 again by adopting the mode that the liquid lead bismuth alloy is transferred from the lead bismuth tank 1 into the lead bismuth tank 2;
(12) when the residual carbon dioxide in the carbon dioxide evaporation heater is insufficient for carrying out a test, closing a system valve, slowly pumping low-pressure gas in the Dewar tank into the carbon dioxide evaporation heater by using a carbon dioxide pump, starting the carbon dioxide heater, and closing the carbon dioxide pump and a corresponding valve when the temperature and the pressure meet the test requirements;
(13) and carrying out the next working condition test research work according to the first test flow.
The experimental study on the flow heat transfer of the liquid lead-bismuth alloy comprises the following steps:
(1) closing all valves in the experiment system before the experiment begins;
(2) the melting, transferring and flow monitoring modes of the liquid lead bismuth are consistent with the coupled heat transfer experimental research of the liquid lead bismuth and SCO2, and the loop of the carbon dioxide system is closed for isolation;
(3) opening valves of lead-bismuth loop system,
Starting an electromagnetic pump and an electric heater, enabling the liquid lead bismuth alloy in the lead bismuth tank 2 to flow back into the lead bismuth tank 1 after passing through a liquid lead bismuth heat transfer mechanism research test section under the action of the electromagnetic pump, and completing a test research of a working condition after temperature and pressure parameters are stable;
(4) and replacing a liquid lead bismuth heat transfer mechanism research test section to carry out the research on the flow and heat transfer characteristics of the visual pipeline and different flow channel structure forms.
The SCO2The experimental study of the flow heat transfer is as follows:
(1) closing all valves in the experiment system before the experiment begins;
(2) the transfer, pressurization, heating, flow monitoring and control modes of carbon dioxide gas are consistent with the coupling heat transfer experimental research of liquid lead bismuth and SCO2, and a liquid lead bismuth alloy system loop is closed for isolation;
(3) open SCO2Loop system valve
Regulating pressure regulating valve
And a pressure maintaining valve
Controlling the pressure and flow entering the SCO2 heat transfer mechanism research test section, decompressing carbon dioxide from the carbon dioxide evaporation heater, passing through the SCO2 heat transfer mechanism research test section, decompressing and cooling by a temperature and pressure reducing device, and then discharging into the atmosphere; after the temperature and pressure parameters are stable, completing a test study of a working condition;
(4) and replacing the SCO2 heat transfer mechanism research test segment to carry out the research on the flow and heat transfer characteristics of the visual pipeline and different flow channel structures.
The invention realizes the metering of the small-flow liquid lead bismuth flowThe experimental study on the flow and heat transfer characteristics of the liquid lead and bismuth can be completed; can realize liquid lead bismuth alloy and SCO2The research on the coupling heat transfer characteristics of the two working media provides technical guidance for developing two working medium heat exchangers, and has the following main beneficial effects:
(1) research on flow and heat transfer characteristics of liquid lead-bismuth alloy in single tube and SCO in single tube2The research on the flow and heat transfer characteristics of the near-critical area and the supercritical area and the research on the coupling heat transfer characteristics of the liquid lead bismuth alloy and the supercritical carbon dioxide are integrated on a set of test system rack, so that the two working medium heat transfer mechanism test research is simultaneously carried out with the research on the coupling heat transfer characteristics of the liquid lead bismuth alloy and the supercritical carbon dioxide, the time of the liquid lead bismuth alloy test research work is saved, and the construction cost of the test rack for the liquid lead bismuth alloy heat transfer mechanism research is saved.
(2) The experimental system can accurately measure the flow of the liquid lead-bismuth alloy, can realize the research on the flow and heat transfer characteristics of the liquid lead-bismuth alloy under the conditions of small flow and small power, makes up the deficiency of the experimental data of the lead-bismuth alloy in the existing literature, and is beneficial to the research on the heat transfer mechanism and the flow characteristics of the liquid lead-bismuth alloy;
(3) the experimental system can realize research on the flow and heat transfer characteristics of the supercritical carbon dioxide under the conditions of small flow and small power;
(4) the experimental device can be used for researching the heat transfer and flow characteristics of the working medium in the channel heat exchanger in different channel structure forms;
(5) the experimental device can realize the research on the coupling heat transfer characteristics of the liquid lead bismuth and the supercritical carbon dioxide, and summarize the heat transfer calculation method of the micro-channel heat exchanger suitable for the two working media;
(6) the pipeline system adopts an electric heating belt to maintain the temperature of the pipeline, and a plurality of temperature monitoring points are arranged to monitor the wall temperature of the pipeline, so as to prevent the pipeline from being partially supercooled and blocked by an experimental pipeline when the temperature is lower than the solidifying point of the liquid lead bismuth alloy;
(7) the inlet of the liquid lead bismuth test section is provided with a pipeline heater, the heater adopts a power adjustable mode, the temperature of liquid lead bismuth alloy entering the heat exchanger can be flexibly adjusted, and the research on the heat transfer characteristics of two working media (liquid lead bismuth alloy and supercritical carbon dioxide fluid) in the heat exchanger under the multi-working condition is convenient to realize;
(8) in the experimental system, a lead bismuth alloy tank 1 is arranged at the lowest point of the experimental system, liquid lead bismuth alloy in a pipe 2 directly returns to the lead bismuth tank 1 after passing through a test section once under the action of an electromagnetic pump, the liquid level change is monitored by monitoring the differential pressure change in the lead bismuth tank 2, and the flow speed of the liquid lead bismuth alloy in a pipeline and the test section are obtained by calculation;
(9) after the experiment is finished, the liquid lead-bismuth alloy in the liquid lead-bismuth alloy pipeline can completely flow back to the lead-bismuth alloy tank 1 by virtue of gravity, so that the liquid lead-bismuth alloy is not remained in the pipeline, and the phenomenon of pipeline blockage when the experiment is started again is prevented;
(10) setting a supercritical carbon dioxide evaporation heating bottle to ensure that the temperature of carbon dioxide gas is higher than the solidifying point temperature of the liquid lead bismuth alloy before entering the test section, and preventing the liquid lead bismuth alloy from being solidified in a pipeline or a micro-channel of the test section in the experimental process;
(11) in the experimental stage, the carbon dioxide pressurizing pump is withdrawn from operation, no high-rotation-speed running equipment is arranged in the pipeline system, the vibration of the pipeline is avoided, the flow and the pressure of the gas are controlled by the regulating valve and the pressure stabilizing valve, and the stable control of the flow is easier to realize.
The invention provides multifunctional small-flow liquid lead bismuth and SCO2An experimental system for heat transfer research provides a flow measuring method for a small-flow liquid lead-bismuth alloy, overcomes the problem of difficult model selection of a flow meter, and realizes the single-tube flow heat transfer characteristic research under the working condition of low power. Similarly, the experimental system can realize the flowing and heat transfer characteristics of the liquid lead-bismuth alloy and the supercritical carbon dioxide under the channel conditions of various heat exchanger structural forms, and the two working media in the experimental system can realize the research of the coupling heat transfer characteristics. The achievement obtained in the experimental system can make up for the lack of experimental data of the heat transfer characteristic of the liquid lead-bismuth alloy, and is used for developing the experiment and mechanism research of the heat transfer characteristic of the coupling of the liquid lead-base and the supercritical carbon dioxide and the compact and efficient heat exchanger production of the liquid lead-bismuth alloy and the supercritical carbon dioxide working mediumAnd the product development provides technical guidance.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a practical scheme of a multifunctional small-flow liquid lead bismuth and SCO2 heat transfer study;
wherein, 1-1 lead bismuth alloy tank 1; 1-2 lead bismuth alloy tank 2; 1-3 electromagnetic pumps; 1-4 electric heaters; 1-5 nitrogen gas cylinder; 1-6 differential pressure measuring devices; 1-7 lead bismuth alloy heater 1; 1-8 lead bismuth alloy heater 2; 2-1 carbon dioxide dewar; 2-2 supercritical carbon dioxide evaporation heater; 2-3 carbon dioxide pumps; 2-4; a flow meter 1; 2-5 a temperature and pressure reducing device; 2-6 supercritical carbon dioxide gas heater; 2-a flow meter 2; 3, a liquid lead bismuth alloy and supercritical carbon dioxide coupling heat transfer test section; 4SCO2 heat transfer mechanism research test section; 5 liquid lead bismuth heat transfer mechanism research test section.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
The invention provides a multifunctional liquid lead bismuth alloy and SCO2The experimental system for heat transfer research comprises a liquid lead bismuth alloy test section, a supercritical carbon dioxide test section, a liquid lead bismuth alloy and supercritical carbon dioxide coupling test section, and the scheme of the system is shown in the attached drawing in detail: multifunctional small-flow liquid lead bismuth and SCO2Experimental protocol diagram for heat transfer studies.
The experimental system has the function of researching various heat transfer tests. The liquid lead bismuth alloy test section and the supercritical carbon dioxide test section can independently carry out flow and heat transfer test research, analyze the flow heat transfer characteristics of the liquid lead bismuth alloy and the supercritical carbon dioxide, also can be switched through a valve arranged on a pipeline to carry out coupling test research on the liquid lead bismuth alloy and the supercritical carbon dioxide, and the test section can also realize visual flow and heat transfer research on the liquid lead bismuth alloy and the supercritical carbon dioxide. Each experimental loop is provided with temperature and pressure monitoring and adjusting measures, and an electric heating and heat preservation measure device is arranged to ensure that the solidification phenomenon of the liquid lead bismuth alloy cannot occur in the liquid lead bismuth alloy experimental loop.
(1) Research on flow and heat transfer characteristics of liquid lead-bismuth alloy in single tube
The flow and heat transfer characteristics of the liquid lead-bismuth alloy in the simple channel are researched by adjusting parameters such as flow and temperature of the liquid lead-bismuth alloy, the flow and heat transfer characteristics of the liquid lead-bismuth alloy are researched under the conditions of different channel diameters and different channel forms (straight channels, S-shaped channels, Z-shaped channels and airfoil-shaped channel micro-channels) in the test section, and a calculation method of heat transfer and resistance under the conditions of different channel forms is provided.
(2) SCO in a Single tube2Research on flow and heat transfer characteristics of near-critical zone and supercritical zone
The carbon dioxide flow and heat transfer characteristics in the simple channel are researched by adjusting parameters such as carbon dioxide flow, temperature and the like, the carbon dioxide flow and heat transfer characteristics are researched under the conditions of different channel diameters and different channel forms (straight channels, S-shaped channels, Z-shaped channels and airfoil-shaped channel micro-channels) in the test section, and a calculation method of heat transfer and resistance under the conditions of different channel forms is provided.
(3) Research on coupling heat transfer characteristics of liquid lead bismuth alloy and supercritical carbon dioxide
Under the condition of low power, the coupling heat transfer characteristics of the liquid lead bismuth alloy and the supercritical carbon dioxide are researched, and the heat transfer calculation method based on the liquid lead bismuth alloy and the supercritical carbon dioxide micro-channel heat exchanger is summarized through experimental research.
(4) Visual experimental research on liquid lead bismuth and supercritical carbon dioxide
The test section of the invention adopts a pipeline with a visual function, and deeply studies the flow characteristics of the liquid lead bismuth and the supercritical carbon dioxide under the conditions of different structural runners; according to the multifunctional small-flow liquid lead-bismuth alloy and supercritical carbon dioxide coupling heat transfer characteristic research experiment system provided by the patent of the invention, liquid metal is also suitable for other metal forms such as liquid lead, liquid sodium and the like, and the high-pressure gas side is also suitable for other gases such as helium and the like; the metering method of the liquid lead-bismuth alloy provided by the invention is also suitable for small-flow liquid lead, sodium, potassium and other metals; the invention provides a micro-channel heat exchanger based on coupling heat transfer of liquid lead-bismuth alloy and supercritical carbon dioxide, and a shell-and-tube heat exchanger and other heat exchangers can also be adopted; the invention provides a research test section of liquid lead-bismuth alloy flow and heat transfer mechanism, which comprises the influences of flow, wall temperature, heat flow density, pipe diameter, channel structure form and the like on flow and heat transfer characteristics; the invention patent provides that the research on the flow heat transfer characteristic of the liquid lead bismuth pipeline and the research on the heat transfer characteristic of the supercritical carbon dioxide can be carried out simultaneously; the experimental system can not only study the flowing heat transfer characteristic in the metal pipe, but also study the flowing characteristic of the working medium in the visual pipe; the achievement obtained by experimental research is not limited to special equipment and places such as nuclear reactors, torpedoes, aerospace and the like, and can be widely applied to all heat exchange equipment related to heat transfer of liquid lead bismuth and supercritical carbon dioxide.
1. Experimental study on coupling heat transfer of liquid lead bismuth alloy and SCO2
(1) All valves in the experimental system were closed before the experiment began.
(2) The solid lead-bismuth alloy with the required dosage for the experiment is filled in the lead-bismuth alloy tank 1, the connecting pipeline of the nitrogen bottle and the lead-bismuth alloy tank 1 as well as the connecting pipeline of the lead-bismuth alloy tank 2 and the exhaust pipeline valve are opened, the lead-bismuth alloy tank 1 and the lead-bismuth alloy tank 2 are simultaneously purged by utilizing high-pressure nitrogen, and the corresponding valves are closed after purging is finished.
(3) Starting a lead bismuth heater 1-7 in a lead bismuth tank 1, and simultaneously starting the lead bismuth alloy tank 1, the lead bismuth alloy tank 2 and a heating belt laid on the outer wall of a system pipeline, so that solid lead bismuth alloy is rapidly melted, and the temperature of the metal wall of the system pipeline is higher than 150 ℃;
(4) filling high-pressure nitrogen into the lead bismuth tank 1, pressing the liquid lead bismuth alloy in the lead bismuth tank 1 into the lead bismuth tank 2, and communicating air spaces of the lead bismuth tank 1 and the lead bismuth tank 2 in parallel;
(5) starting a lead bismuth heater 1-8 in a lead bismuth tank 2, continuously heating the molten liquid lead bismuth alloy to enable the molten liquid lead bismuth alloy to reach a temperature interval required by a test, and preparing the test;
(6) simultaneously, preparing supercritical carbon dioxide gas required by the test, sending liquid carbon dioxide from the carbon dioxide dewar 2-1 to the bottom of a liquid carbon dioxide evaporation heater 2-2 by utilizing the pressure of the carbon dioxide dewar 2-1, metering the amount of the carbon dioxide sent into the liquid carbon dioxide evaporation heating bottle 2-2 through a flowmeter 2-7, and closing a corresponding valve after the carbon dioxide is completely sent;
(7) starting the carbon dioxide heater 2-6 to increase the pressure of the gas in the liquid carbon dioxide evaporation heating bottle 2-2 to a preset pressure value, closing the carbon dioxide heater 2-6, and maintaining the temperature of the carbon dioxide gas to be stable by utilizing an electric heating belt on the outer wall of the liquid carbon dioxide evaporation heating bottle 2-2;
(8) after the liquid lead bismuth alloy solution and the supercritical carbon dioxide meet the test requirements, the valve is opened
Regulating pressure regulating valve
Through a pressure stabilizing valve
Maintaining the pressure of carbon dioxide at a lower pressure value, starting preheating a carbon dioxide channel of the heat exchanger, monitoring the temperature change of the carbon dioxide at the outlet of the heat exchanger and the temperature change of the metal on the wall surface of the heat exchanger, and meeting the heat transfer test requirement when the temperature of the metal on the wall surface exceeds 150 ℃;
(9) according to the drawn up test outline, the pressure regulating valve and the pressure stabilizing valve are adjusted to maintain the pressure of the carbon dioxide at a drawn up value. Opening a corresponding valve at the side of the liquid lead bismuth pipeline, simultaneously starting an electromagnetic pump 1-3, pumping the liquid lead bismuth alloy to the micro-channel heat exchanger, starting an electric heater 1-4, maintaining the temperature of the liquid lead bismuth alloy entering the micro-channel heat exchanger at a constant value, and facilitating test data analysis;
(10) the liquid lead bismuth alloy in the lead bismuth tank 2 directly flows into the lead bismuth tank 1 after heat transfer through the heat exchanger under the action of the electromagnetic pump. The high-pressure gas in the liquid carbon dioxide evaporation heating bottle 2-2 is subjected to heat transfer through a heat exchanger, enters a temperature and pressure reducing device 2-5, and is discharged into the atmosphere after the pressure and the temperature are reduced to values which are allowed to be discharged into the atmospheric environment. After the pressure and temperature values are stable, considering that a working condition test is finished;
(11) when the remaining liquid lead bismuth alloy is insufficient for carrying out the experiment for one time, stopping the experiment, cutting off a corresponding valve in the system, and pressing the liquid lead bismuth alloy into the lead bismuth tank 2 again by adopting the mode that the liquid lead bismuth alloy is transferred from the lead bismuth tank 1 into the lead bismuth tank 2;
(12) when the residual carbon dioxide in the carbon dioxide evaporation heater 2-2 is insufficient for carrying out a test, closing a system valve, slowly pumping low-pressure gas in the Dewar tank into the carbon dioxide evaporation heater 2-2 by using a carbon dioxide pump, starting the carbon dioxide heater 2-6, and closing the carbon dioxide pump and a corresponding valve when the temperature and the pressure meet the test requirements;
(13) carrying out the test research work of the next working condition according to the first test flow;
2. experimental study on flow heat transfer of liquid lead bismuth alloy
(1) All valves in the experimental system were closed before the experiment began.
(2) The melting, transferring and flow monitoring modes of the liquid lead bismuth are consistent with the coupled heat transfer experimental research of the liquid lead bismuth and SCO2, and the loop of the carbon dioxide system is closed for isolation;
(3) opening valves of lead-bismuth loop system,
Starting an electromagnetic pump 1-3 and an electric heater 1-4, allowing the liquid lead bismuth alloy in the lead bismuth tank 2 to flow back to the lead bismuth tank 1 after passing through a test section 5 under the action of the electromagnetic pump, and completing test research on a working condition after temperature and pressure parameters are stable;
(4) replacing the test section 5, and carrying out flow and heat transfer characteristic research under the visual pipeline and different flow channel structure forms;
3、SCO2experimental study of flow Heat transfer
(1) All valves in the experimental system were closed before the experiment began.
(2) The transfer, pressurization, heating, flow monitoring and control modes of carbon dioxide gas are consistent with the coupling heat transfer experimental research of liquid lead bismuth and SCO2, and a liquid lead bismuth alloy system loop is closed for isolation;
(3) open SCO2Loop system valve
Regulating pressure regulating valve
And a pressure maintaining valve
And the pressure and the flow entering the test section 4 are controlled, the carbon dioxide is decompressed from the carbon dioxide evaporation heater 2-2, passes through the test section 4, is decompressed and cooled by the temperature and pressure reduction device 2-4, and is discharged into the atmosphere. After the temperature and pressure parameters are stable, completing a test study of a working condition;
(4) replacing the test section 4, and carrying out flow and heat transfer characteristic research under the visual pipeline and different flow channel structure forms;
the experimental system can respectively carry out experimental study on the flowing and heat transfer mechanism of the liquid lead bismuth and the supercritical carbon dioxide working medium, and can also realize the study on the coupling heat transfer characteristics of the low-power liquid lead bismuth alloy and the supercritical carbon dioxide in the experimental system.
Claims (5)
1. Multifunctional small-flow liquid lead bismuth and SCO2The experimental system for the research of the flow heat transfer is characterized by comprising a liquid lead bismuth alloy test section, a supercritical carbon dioxide test section and a liquid lead bismuth alloy and supercritical carbon dioxide coupling test section; the liquid lead bismuth alloy and supercritical carbon dioxide coupling test section comprises: the system comprises a liquid lead bismuth alloy pipeline, a supercritical carbon dioxide pipeline and a heat exchanger, wherein the heat exchanger comprises a printed circuit board heat exchanger or a shell-and-tube heat exchanger; the liquid lead bismuth alloy pipeline comprises: lead bismuth alloy tank 1, lead bismuth alloy tank 2, electromagnetic pump and electricityThe device comprises a heater, a nitrogen cylinder, a differential pressure measuring device, a lead bismuth alloy heater 1, a lead bismuth alloy heater 2, a pipeline heating belt, a high-pressure nitrogen pipeline and a pressure and temperature measuring point; the supercritical carbon dioxide pipeline comprises: the carbon dioxide dewar tank, the supercritical carbon dioxide evaporation heating bottle, the carbon dioxide pump, the flowmeter 1, the temperature and pressure reduction device, the supercritical carbon dioxide gas heater, the flowmeter 2, also include pressure and temperature measurement point.
2. The multifunctional small flow liquid lead bismuth and SCO of claim 12The experimental system for the research of the flow heat transfer is characterized in that the system can realize the experimental research of the coupling heat transfer between the liquid lead bismuth alloy and the SCO2, the experimental research of the flow heat transfer of the liquid lead bismuth alloy and the SCO2Experimental study of flow heat transfer.
3. The multifunctional small flow liquid lead bismuth and SCO of claim 12The experimental system for the research of the flow heat transfer is characterized in that the research of the liquid lead bismuth alloy and SCO2 coupling heat transfer experiment specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) closing all valves in the experiment system before the experiment begins;
(2) the method comprises the following steps of (1) filling solid lead bismuth alloy with the amount required by an experiment into a lead bismuth alloy tank 1, opening a connecting pipeline of a nitrogen bottle and the lead bismuth alloy tank 1 and a lead bismuth alloy tank 2 and an exhaust pipeline valve, simultaneously purging the lead bismuth alloy tank 1 and the lead bismuth alloy tank 2 by using high-pressure nitrogen, and closing the corresponding valves after purging;
(3) starting a lead bismuth heater in the lead bismuth tank 1, and simultaneously starting the lead bismuth alloy tank 1, the lead bismuth alloy tank 2 and a heating belt laid on the outer wall of the system pipeline, so that the solid lead bismuth alloy is rapidly melted, and the temperature of the metal wall of the system pipeline is higher than 150 ℃;
(4) filling high-pressure nitrogen into the lead bismuth tank 1, pressing the liquid lead bismuth alloy in the lead bismuth tank 1 into the lead bismuth tank 2, and communicating air spaces of the lead bismuth tank 1 and the lead bismuth tank 2 in parallel;
(5) starting a lead bismuth heater in the lead bismuth tank 2, continuously heating the molten liquid lead bismuth alloy to enable the molten liquid lead bismuth alloy to reach a temperature interval required by a test, and preparing the test;
(6) simultaneously, preparing supercritical carbon dioxide gas required by the test, conveying liquid carbon dioxide from the carbon dioxide dewar to the bottom of a liquid carbon dioxide evaporation heater by utilizing the pressure of the carbon dioxide dewar, metering the amount of the carbon dioxide conveyed into a liquid carbon dioxide evaporation heating bottle by a flowmeter, and closing corresponding valves after the carbon dioxide is conveyed;
(7) starting a carbon dioxide heater to enable the gas pressure in the liquid carbon dioxide evaporation heating bottle to rise to a preset pressure value, closing the carbon dioxide heater, and maintaining the temperature of the carbon dioxide gas to be stable by utilizing an electric heating belt on the outer wall of the liquid carbon dioxide evaporation heating bottle;
(8) after the liquid lead bismuth alloy solution and the supercritical carbon dioxide meet the test requirements, the valve is opened
Regulating pressure regulating valve
Through a pressure stabilizing valve
Maintaining the pressure of carbon dioxide at a lower pressure value, starting preheating a carbon dioxide channel of the heat exchanger, monitoring the temperature change of the carbon dioxide at the outlet of the heat exchanger and the temperature change of the metal on the wall surface of the heat exchanger, and meeting the heat transfer test requirement when the temperature of the metal on the wall surface exceeds 150 ℃;
(9) according to the drawn up test outline, adjusting the pressure regulating valve and the pressure stabilizing valve to maintain the pressure of the carbon dioxide at a drawn up value; opening a corresponding valve at the side of the liquid lead bismuth pipeline, simultaneously starting an electromagnetic pump, pumping the liquid lead bismuth alloy to the micro-channel heat exchanger, starting an electric heater, and maintaining the temperature of the liquid lead bismuth alloy entering the micro-channel heat exchanger at a constant value, so that test data analysis is facilitated;
(10) the liquid lead bismuth alloy in the lead bismuth tank 2 directly flows into the lead bismuth tank 1 after heat transfer through a heat exchanger under the action of an electromagnetic pump; after the high-pressure gas in the liquid carbon dioxide evaporation heating bottle is subjected to heat transfer through the heat exchanger, the high-pressure gas enters a temperature and pressure reducing device, and the pressure and the temperature are reduced to values which allow the high-pressure gas to be discharged to the atmospheric environment and then are discharged to the atmosphere; after the pressure and temperature values are stable, considering that a working condition test is finished;
(11) when the remaining liquid lead bismuth alloy is insufficient for carrying out the experiment for one time, stopping the experiment, cutting off a corresponding valve in the system, and pressing the liquid lead bismuth alloy into the lead bismuth tank 2 again by adopting the mode that the liquid lead bismuth alloy is transferred from the lead bismuth tank 1 into the lead bismuth tank 2;
(12) when the residual carbon dioxide in the carbon dioxide evaporation heater is insufficient for carrying out a test, closing a system valve, slowly pumping low-pressure gas in the Dewar tank into the carbon dioxide evaporation heater by using a carbon dioxide pump, starting the carbon dioxide heater, and closing the carbon dioxide pump and a corresponding valve when the temperature and the pressure meet the test requirements;
(13) and carrying out the next working condition test research work according to the first test flow.
4. The multifunctional small flow liquid lead bismuth and SCO of claim 12The experimental system for the research of the flow heat transfer is characterized in that the experimental research of the flow heat transfer of the liquid lead-bismuth alloy comprises the following steps:
(1) closing all valves in the experiment system before the experiment begins;
(2) the melting, transferring and flow monitoring modes of the liquid lead bismuth are consistent with the coupled heat transfer experimental research of the liquid lead bismuth and SCO2, and the loop of the carbon dioxide system is closed for isolation;
(3) opening valves of lead-bismuth loop system,
Starting an electromagnetic pump and an electric heater, enabling the liquid lead bismuth alloy in the lead bismuth tank 2 to flow back into the lead bismuth tank 1 after passing through a liquid lead bismuth heat transfer mechanism research test section under the action of the electromagnetic pump, and completing a test research of a working condition after temperature and pressure parameters are stable;
(4) and replacing a liquid lead bismuth heat transfer mechanism research test section to carry out the research on the flow and heat transfer characteristics of the visual pipeline and different flow channel structure forms.
5. The multifunctional small flow liquid lead bismuth and SCO of claim 12The experimental system for the research of flow heat transfer is characterized in that the SCO2The experimental study of the flow heat transfer is as follows:
(1) closing all valves in the experiment system before the experiment begins;
(2) the transfer, pressurization, heating, flow monitoring and control modes of carbon dioxide gas are consistent with the coupling heat transfer experimental research of liquid lead bismuth and SCO2, and a liquid lead bismuth alloy system loop is closed for isolation;
(3) open SCO2Loop system valve
Regulating pressure regulating valve
And a pressure maintaining valve
Controlling the pressure and flow entering the SCO2 heat transfer mechanism research test section, decompressing carbon dioxide from the carbon dioxide evaporation heater, passing through the SCO2 heat transfer mechanism research test section, decompressing and cooling by a temperature and pressure reducing device, and then discharging into the atmosphere; after the temperature and pressure parameters are stable, completing a test study of a working condition;
(4) and replacing the SCO2 heat transfer mechanism research test segment to carry out the research on the flow and heat transfer characteristics of the visual pipeline and different flow channel structures.
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