CN111272219B - Liquid metal lithium physical property parameter testing system and testing method thereof - Google Patents
Liquid metal lithium physical property parameter testing system and testing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111272219B CN111272219B CN202010074268.5A CN202010074268A CN111272219B CN 111272219 B CN111272219 B CN 111272219B CN 202010074268 A CN202010074268 A CN 202010074268A CN 111272219 B CN111272219 B CN 111272219B
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- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 287
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 276
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 147
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 229910001338 liquidmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 94
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 152
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- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 claims description 27
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 12
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- 229940057995 liquid paraffin Drugs 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium oxide Chemical compound [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims description 5
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- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 claims description 2
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- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01D21/00—Measuring or testing not otherwise provided for
- G01D21/02—Measuring two or more variables by means not covered by a single other subclass
Abstract
The invention provides a liquid metal lithium physical property parameter testing system and a testing method thereof, wherein the testing system comprises: the device comprises a lithium filling system, an argon and vacuum system, a test section body and an online monitoring system; the lithium filling system comprises a lithium melting tank and a lithium recovery tank; the test section body comprises a lithium density and surface tension test section, a lithium viscosity test section and a lithium enthalpy value and heat capacity test section; the on-line monitoring system monitors and acquires all key parameters and the opening and closing of the lithium valve in the system in real time. The testing method uses the testing system and comprises four steps of loop argon filling, loop lithium filling, physical property parameter testing and system closing.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of engineering thermophysics and energy utilization disciplines, and particularly relates to a liquid metal lithium physical property parameter testing system and a using method thereof.
Background
With the continuous development of deep space exploration, the space nuclear power supply system has been used as the most potential power energy source for future space exploration, and has the advantages of high energy density, stable working performance and the like. The liquid metal has excellent heat convection capacity due to the high heat conduction characteristic, the capacity limit of the traditional cooling technology taking water as a cooling working medium is broken through, the lithium working medium has higher melting point and boiling point, low density and good heat transfer property and can be widely used as a coolant of a space nuclear reactor, including a space reactor directly cooled by liquid metal lithium and a space reactor cooled by an alkali metal lithium heat pipe. Therefore, the physical property of lithium is an essential basic parameter for space reactor thermal hydraulic design and safety analysis research, and is directly related to a liquid metal loop.
In addition, although the existing documents provide some physical property parameter experimental data, the difference between the reported results exists, and the test result is greatly questioned due to the test error and the like caused by the limited test conditions in the last century, so that the current application requirements can not be met, and in order to obtain more reliable data, the applicable temperature range is wider, so that more accurate measurement is particularly necessary.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to: aiming at the defects of the prior art, the liquid metal lithium physical property parameter testing system and the using method thereof are provided, the performance is stable, a plurality of physical property parameters can be measured, the system is suitable for a high-temperature interval, and necessary basic parameters are provided for liquid metal circulating working media, particularly lithium, involved in space environment thermodynamic system characteristics and optimization design research.
According to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a liquid lithium metal physical parameter testing system, which includes: the device comprises a lithium filling system, an argon and vacuum system, a test section body and an online monitoring system; the lithium filling system provides a proper amount of liquid lithium for the test and recovers the liquid lithium after the test is finished, so that the cyclic utilization of the liquid lithium is realized; the argon and vacuum system provides a safe test environment under the protection of inert gas all the time for testing and provides a driving force for the flow of lithium; the test section body is used for measuring a plurality of physical property parameters of the liquid lithium in a high-temperature environment; the online monitoring system monitors all key parameters and the opening and closing of the lithium valve in the test system in real time.
Preferably, the lithium filling system comprises a lithium melting tank, a lithium recovery tank and a heating system; an ohmic heating wire is wound on the outer wall of the lithium melting tank and wrapped with heat insulation cotton, a K-type thermocouple is arranged in the lithium melting tank, and a pressure gauge and a corresponding air valve are assembled on one side of the lithium melting tank; a first lithium valve connected with the testing section body is welded on a lithium outlet pipeline at the lower end of the lithium melting tank, and the upper end of the lithium melting tank is connected with the argon gas and vacuum system through a third air valve; an ohmic heating wire is wound outside the lithium recovery tank and wrapped with heat insulation cotton, a three-point liquid level probe and a K-type thermocouple are arranged inside the lithium recovery tank, and a pressure gauge and a corresponding air valve are assembled on one side of the tank body; a fourth lithium valve connected with the test section body is welded on a lithium return pipeline at the upper end of the lithium recovery tank; the lithium recovery tank is connected with the lithium melting tank through a fifth lithium valve; the upper end of the lithium recovery tank is connected with the argon and vacuum system through a fifth air valve; the three-point liquid level probe is connected with the lithium recovery tank body in a welding mode through the clamping sleeve, and sealing performance is guaranteed.
Preferably, the test section body comprises a density surface tension test section, a viscosity test section and an enthalpy heat capacity test section; the density surface tension testing section is characterized in that the upper end of the density surface tension testing section is connected with a lithium inlet pipe and a first lithium valve, and the lower end of the density surface tension testing section is connected with the viscosity testing section through a second lithium valve, and comprises an electromagnetic induction heating furnace, a capillary pipe, a three-point liquid level probe, a precision digital pressure gauge, a dropping funnel, a cock, a liquid paraffin measuring cup and a K-type thermocouple; the electromagnetic induction heating furnace consists of a crucible, an electromagnetic induction coil and a magnesia knotted body for sintering the electromagnetic induction coil; the K-type thermocouples are distributed in the crucible in two layers axially; the capillary tube is made of high-temperature-resistant and corrosion-resistant materials, the inner diameter of the capillary tube is less than 200 microns, and the capillary tube is vertically fixed in the crucible; the crucible is connected with a 12 th gas valve, a precision digital pressure gauge and a dropping funnel through a gas pipeline; in the viscosity testing section, the upper end of the lithium inlet pipe is connected with the second lithium valve, and the lower end of the lithium inlet pipe is connected with the enthalpy value heat capacity testing section through the third lithium valve; the viscosity testing section comprises a charging barrel, a three-point liquid level probe, a heat preservation device, a capillary tube mold core, a precise digital differential pressure meter and a K-type thermocouple; the heat preservation device comprises a heat preservation material, a heating wire and a heating sleeve, the heat preservation material is wrapped outside the charging barrel, the heating wire is wound around the charging barrel, and the heating wire is fixed by the heating sleeve; the K-type thermocouples are distributed in the charging barrel in an axial double-layer manner; the precision digital differential pressure measuring points are arranged at two ports of the capillary tube; the lithium inlet end of the enthalpy heat capacity testing section is connected with the third lithium valve and is connected with the lithium recovery tank through the fourth lithium valve; the enthalpy value heat capacity testing section comprises an outer cylinder, an inner cylinder, an ice gauge, a U-shaped charging barrel, a three-point liquid level probe, a liquid level measuring cylinder, an electromagnetic stirrer, a triangular prism supporting piece, a heat preservation sleeve and a K-shaped thermocouple; the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder are made of heat-insulating materials, and dry ice is filled between the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder; the ice gauge is internally filled with ice-water mixed liquid, is in contact with the U-shaped pipe, is suspended on the inner wall of the outer barrel through a metal wire, and is in a vacuum environment with the inner barrel, so that heat loss can be reduced; one end of the liquid level measuring cylinder is connected with the bottom end of the ice gauge, and the other end of the liquid level measuring cylinder is communicated with the outer cylinder for accurate reading, and meanwhile, ice water solution in the ice gauge can be sucked out through the port; the smaller end of the contact surface of the triangular prism support piece is matched with the two grooves at the lower part of the inner cylinder; the heat-insulating sleeve wraps the inlet end of the U-shaped charging barrel, and the outlet end of the U-shaped charging barrel is provided with a flow guide slope with a certain angle; the three-point liquid level probe is arranged at the inlet end of the U-shaped charging barrel; the electromagnetic stirrer is arranged at the lower end of the ice meter.
Further preferably, the argon and vacuum system comprises an argon bottle, a gas purifier, a vacuum pump and a vacuum pressure gauge; the gas purifier is internally provided with a molecular sieve for removing water impurities in argon gas; the argon and vacuum system is respectively connected with the lithium melting tank and the lithium recovery tank through a third air valve and a fifth air valve, and is respectively connected with the density surface tension testing section, the viscosity testing section and the enthalpy value heat capacity testing section through a sixth air valve, an eighth air valve and a tenth air valve, so that a vacuum environment, inert gas protection and argon driving force can be independently provided for the containers.
Preferably, the online monitoring system comprehensively utilizes the temperature sensor, the pressure sensor, the differential pressure sensor, the liquid probe and the lithium valve, monitors the liquid level height and the temperature of liquid lithium at key positions in the test system on line, controls the heating target temperature, collects pressure differential pressure parameters, and controls the opening of the lithium valve and the opening degree of the valve; the on-line monitoring system adopts a temperature automatic control mode, measures the temperature of a medium in the heating device through a temperature probe to adjust the opening and the power of a heating coil or a heating wire, and automatically reduces the power of the heating device when the set temperature is reached so that the temperature is constant at the set temperature; when the leakage condition in the test system is monitored, a safety signal is triggered, high-purity argon is filled into the test system, and all heating systems are automatically stopped.
Preferably, the container equipment and the pipeline in the test system are both made of an ultra-low carbon stainless steel material with corrosion resistance and high temperature resistance, and the high-temperature crucible is made of a molybdenum material; all equipment and pipeline connections of the full loop are in welding structures, welding seams are made of base materials and are subjected to X-ray nondestructive inspection, and leakage is avoided; the connection of part of equipment and the pipeline adopts a free telescopic structure to compensate the displacement caused by the temperature change of lithium in the pipeline; all horizontal lithium lines are inclined 10 degrees towards the lithium recovery tank.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for testing physical parameters of liquid lithium metal, using the above-mentioned system for testing physical parameters of liquid lithium metal, and comprising the following steps:
loop argon filling step S1: opening all lithium valves and gas valves in the test system, vacuumizing the test system to 0.01Pa by a vacuum pump, then introducing argon with the purity of 99.99 percent into the test system, repeating the process for 3 times, ensuring the sealing property, reducing the content of C, H, O, N elements in a loop, and finally closing all the gas valves and the lithium valves;
loop lithium charging step S2: opening a lithium melting tank heating system, preheating solid lithium in the lithium melting tank, opening a lithium pipeline preheating system to preheat a pipeline when the temperature reaches 250-300 ℃, observing and adjusting the air pressure in the lithium melting tank through a second pressure gauge and a third air pressure valve, opening a first lithium valve when the temperature of the pipeline reaches 250 ℃, releasing liquid lithium into an electromagnetic induction heating furnace through gravity, controlling the flow of the liquid lithium by adjusting the opening degree of a valve of the first lithium valve, closing the first lithium valve after the lithium is filled, and continuously keeping the heating state of the lithium melting tank so as to convey the liquid lithium to a test system at any time;
physical property parameter testing step S3: opening an electromagnetic induction heating furnace, setting a target temperature, monitoring the temperature of liquid lithium through thermocouple reading, observing and adjusting the air pressure in a glove box and the electromagnetic induction heating furnace through a third barometer, a sixth air valve and a twelfth air valve, closing the sixth air valve and the twelfth air valve after the liquid lithium reaches the target temperature, opening a cock, slowly dropping liquid paraffin, slowly reducing the pressure of a communication system until the maximum bubble escaping is formed at the lower end pipe orifice of a capillary tube immersed under the liquid level of the liquid lithium to be detected under a constant temperature condition, recording the reading of a precision digital pressure gauge when the bubbles are uniform and stable, releasing the liquid lithium in a crucible through a second lithium valve, adjusting the liquid level of the liquid lithium in the crucible to the target liquid level by matching with a liquid probe, opening the twelfth air valve to balance the pressure in the communication system, repeating the dropping operation, and collecting new pressure data; opening a second lithium valve to release the liquid lithium in the crucible into the charging barrel, simultaneously opening a heat preservation device of the viscosity testing section, observing and adjusting the air pressure in the charging barrel through a fourth air pressure gauge and an eighth air valve, filling argon into the charging barrel through the eighth air valve after the temperature of the liquid lithium in the charging barrel is stable, extruding the liquid lithium in the charging barrel through a capillary tube, and recording the reading of a precise digital differential pressure meter; releasing liquid lithium in the charging barrel into a U-shaped charging barrel at an enthalpy value heat capacity testing section through a third lithium valve, observing and adjusting air pressure in the U-shaped charging barrel through a fifth air pressure gauge and a tenth air valve, monitoring temperature change of the liquid lithium through a K-shaped thermocouple, opening an electromagnetic stirrer to stir ice-water mixed liquid in an ice gauge, heating the ice-water mixed liquid uniformly, and observing and recording liquid level change of a liquid level measuring barrel to obtain the volume of melted ice caused by heat transfer of the liquid lithium;
system shutdown step S4: after the test data is acquired, opening a fourth lithium valve and a tenth air valve, simultaneously opening a heating system of the lithium recovery tank to preheat a tank body of the lithium recovery tank, filling argon gas with certain pressure into a U-shaped charging barrel, extruding liquid lithium in the U-shaped charging barrel into the lithium recovery tank, observing and adjusting air pressure in the lithium recovery tank through a sixth barometer and a fifth air valve, closing the fourth lithium valve, opening the fifth lithium valve, filling argon gas with certain pressure into the lithium recovery tank through the fifth air valve, extruding the liquid lithium in the recovery tank into a lithium melting tank, and recycling of the liquid lithium is achieved.
The testing system and the testing method are also suitable for testing physical property parameters of other liquid metals.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention realizes the simultaneous test of parameters such as density, surface tension, viscosity, enthalpy value, heat capacity and the like of the liquid lithium in the interval from low temperature 200 ℃ to high temperature 1300 ℃, related technologies and equipment are not searched in the prior public information, and the invention belongs to the initial technology;
2. the test system has a simple structure, liquid lithium in the loop is driven by gravity and argon, redundant equipment is not provided, and compared with equipment in the same field physical property test industry, the test system greatly reduces money and time cost;
3. the testing system adopts argon arc welding as a whole and X-ray nondestructive inspection, thereby ensuring the whole sealing property, preventing the leakage of liquid lithium and meeting the safety requirement;
4. the structural design of the test system of the invention realizes that a small amount of liquid lithium can meet the test requirement, thereby reducing the test risk, realizing the cyclic utilization of the liquid lithium and improving the test benefit;
5. the invention can test the liquid metal lithium and can also test the related physical parameters of other liquid metals.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are described herein and form a part of the specification, illustrate embodiments of the present invention and, together with the description, further serve to explain the principles of the invention and to provide a system and method for testing physical parameters of liquid lithium metal, in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a lithium metal physical property parameter testing system according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the density and surface tension test section of the test system of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the viscosity test section of the test system of the present invention;
figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the enthalpy and heat capacity test section of the test system of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of an in-line monitoring system of the test system of the present invention.
Reference numerals in the figures
1-1 vacuum pump; 1-2 argon bottles; 1-3 gas purifiers; 1-4 melting lithium tank; 1-5 lithium recovery tanks; 1-5-1 three-point liquid level probe; 1-6 precision digital pressure gauges; 1-7 precision digital differential pressure gauge; 2-1 to 2-13 air valves; 3-1 to 3-5 lithium valves; 4-1 to 4-6 barometers; 5-1 to 5-6k type thermocouples; 6 density and surface tension test section; 6-1 crucible; 6-2 electromagnetic induction coils; 6-4 capillary; 6-5 three-point liquid level probe; 6-6-1 to 6-6-2k type thermocouples; 6-7 dropping funnels; 6-8 cock; 6-9 liquid paraffin measuring cups; 6-10 glove box; 7 viscosity test section; 7-1 heating wire; 7-2, heating a sleeve; 7-3 charging barrels; 7-4 of a heat insulating material; 7-5 capillary tube mould cores; 7-6 capillary tubes; 7-7 three-point liquid level probe; 7-8-1 to 7-8-2k type thermocouples; 8 enthalpy value and heat capacity test section; 8-1 outer cylinder; 8-2, an inner cylinder; 8-3-1 to 8-3-2k type thermocouples; 8-4 triangular prism support members; 8-5 of an electromagnetic stirrer; 8-6 ice gauge; 8-7 of ice-water mixed liquid; 8-8 liquid level measuring cylinders; 8-9U-shaped charging barrels; 8-10 insulating sleeve; 8-11 three-point level probe.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and technical effects of the present invention more clear, the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and detailed description. It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating the preferred embodiment of the invention, are intended for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Referring to fig. 1, a schematic structural diagram of a system for testing physical parameters of liquid lithium metal provided by the present invention is shown, where the system includes: lithium filling system, argon and vacuum system, test section body and on-line monitoring system.
The lithium filling system mainly comprises a lithium melting tank 1-4 and a lithium recovery tank 1-5. The lithium melting tank 1-4 provides liquid lithium for the whole system, and the lithium melting tank 1-4 provides liquid lithium for the test section body through the first lithium valve 3-1; the upper ends of the lithium recovery tanks 1-5 recover liquid lithium in the test section body through fourth lithium valves 3-4, and lithium in the recovery tanks can be extruded into the lithium melting tank through fifth air valves 2-5, so that the cyclic utilization of the liquid lithium is realized.
The argon and vacuum system mainly comprises a vacuum pump 1-1, an argon bottle 1-2 and a gas purifier 1-3. The gas purifier 1-3 removes impurities such as water in argon gas through a molecular sieve; the vacuum pump 1-1 and the argon bottle 1-2 are matched with the opening and closing of a gas valve to provide a vacuum environment, inert gas protection and argon driving force for a container in the system.
Referring to fig. 2, a schematic diagram of the structure of the density and surface tension test section provided by the present invention is shown. The testing section body comprises a density surface tension testing section 6, a viscosity testing section 7 and an enthalpy value heat capacity testing section 8. The density surface tension testing section mainly comprises an electromagnetic induction heating furnace, a capillary 6-4, a three-point liquid level probe 6-5, a precision digital pressure gauge 1-6, a dropping funnel 6-7, a cock 6-8, a liquid paraffin measuring cup 6-9, a K-type thermocouple 6-6-1-6-2 and the like; the electromagnetic induction heating furnace consists of a crucible 6-1, an electromagnetic induction coil 6-2 and a magnesia 6-3 knotted body for sintering the electromagnetic induction coil, and can heat liquid lithium in the crucible 6-1 to a target temperature; liquid lithium in the crucible 6-1 is released into the charging barrel 7-3 through the second lithium valve 3-2, and the liquid level of the liquid lithium in the crucible 6-1 can be adjusted to a target liquid level by matching with the three-point type liquid level probe 6-5; one end of the capillary tube 6-1 is immersed in the liquid lithium to stably and uniformly generate bubbles through the dropping funnel 6-7 and the cock 6-8; the pressure balance in the communication system is adjusted through the twelfth air valve 2-12, and the next test is carried out; pressure data at the time of pressure generation of bubbles was collected by the precision digital pressure gauges 1-6.
Referring to FIG. 3, the viscosity testing section provided by the invention mainly comprises a charging barrel 7-3, a three-point liquid level probe 7-7, a heat preservation device (7-1, 7-2, 7-4), a capillary tube mold core 7-5, a capillary tube 7-6, a precision digital differential pressure gauge 1-7 and a K-type thermocouple 7-8-1-7-8-2.
Referring to fig. 4, the enthalpy and heat capacity testing section provided by the invention mainly comprises an outer cylinder 8-1, an inner cylinder 8-2, K-type thermocouples 8-3-1 to 8-3-2, triangular prism support members 8-4, an electromagnetic stirrer 8-5, an ice gauge 8-6, a liquid level measuring cylinder 8-8, a U-shaped charging barrel 8-9, a heat insulation sleeve 8-10 and a three-point liquid level probe 8-11. Dry ice is filled between the outer barrel 8-1 and the inner barrel 8-2, so that unnecessary heat loss of the inner barrel is reduced; the ice gauge 8-6 is internally filled with ice-water mixed liquid 8-7 and is suspended on the inner wall of the outer barrel 8-1 through a metal wire, and a vacuum environment is arranged between the ice gauge 8-6 and the inner barrel 8-2, so that heat loss can be reduced; recording the volume of ice melt caused by heat release of the liquid lithium through a liquid level measuring cylinder 8-8; the inner cylinder 8-2 is fixed in the outer cylinder 8-1 by matching two grooves at the lower part of the inner cylinder with the triangular prism support piece 8-4; a flow guiding slope with a certain angle is arranged at the outlet end of the U-shaped charging barrel 8-9, and liquid lithium in the U-shaped charging barrel 8-9 can be completely guided into the lithium recovery tank 1-5; the ice-water mixed liquid 8-7 in the ice content meter 8-6 is fully stirred by an electromagnetic stirrer 8-5 arranged at the lower end thereof and is uniformly heated.
The use method of the liquid metal lithium physical property parameter testing system is realized by the following steps:
loop argon filling:
opening all lithium valves and gas valves in the system, vacuumizing the system to 0.01Pa by a vacuum pump 1-1, then introducing 99.99% argon gas into the system, repeating the process for 3 times, and finally closing all the gas valves and the lithium valves.
And (3) lithium charging in a loop:
opening a heating system of a lithium melting tank 1-4, preheating solid lithium in the lithium melting tank 1-4, opening a lithium pipeline preheating system to preheat a pipeline when the temperature reaches 250-300 ℃, observing and adjusting air pressure in the lithium melting tank 1-4 through a second pressure gauge 4-2 and a third air pressure valve 2-3, opening a first lithium valve 3-1 when the temperature of the pipeline reaches about 250 ℃, releasing liquid lithium into an electromagnetic induction heating furnace through gravity, controlling the flow of the liquid lithium by adjusting the opening of the first lithium valve 3-1, closing the first lithium valve 3-1 after the lithium is filled, and continuously keeping the heating state of the lithium melting tank 1-4.
And (3) physical property parameter testing:
opening an electromagnetic induction heating furnace, setting a target temperature, observing and adjusting the air pressure in a glove box and the electromagnetic induction heating furnace through a third barometer 4-3, a sixth air valve 2-6 and a twelfth air valve 2-12, closing the sixth air valve 2-6 and the twelfth air valve 2-12 after liquid lithium reaches the target temperature, opening a cock 6-7, slowly dropping liquid (liquid paraffin) to slowly reduce the pressure of a communicating system until the liquid lithium is immersed in the liquid level of the liquid lithium to be detected under the constant temperature to form maximum bubble escape at the lower end pipe orifice of a capillary 6-4, recording the reading of a precision digital pressure gauge 1-6 after the bubbles are uniformly and stably appeared, calculating the surface tension of the liquid lithium at the temperature by combining the radius r of the capillary, releasing the liquid lithium in a crucible 6-1 through a second lithium 3-2 valve, adjusting the liquid level of the liquid lithium in the crucible 6-1 to a target liquid level by matching with the liquid probe 6-5, opening the twelfth air valve 2-12 to balance the pressure in the communication system, repeating the liquid dropping operation, collecting new pressure data, and calculating the density of the liquid lithium at the temperature; opening a second lithium valve 3-2 to release the liquid lithium in the crucible 6-1 into a charging barrel 7-3, simultaneously opening a heat preservation device of a viscosity testing section, observing and adjusting air pressure in the charging barrel through a fourth air pressure gauge 4-4 and an eighth air valve 2-8, after the temperature of the liquid lithium in the charging barrel 7-3 is stable, filling argon into the charging barrel 7-3 through the eighth air valve 2-8, extruding the liquid lithium in the charging barrel 7-3 through a capillary tube 7-6, recording the reading of a precise digital differential pressure gauge 1-7, and calculating the viscosity of the liquid lithium at the temperature; releasing the liquid lithium in the charging barrel 7-3 into a U-shaped charging barrel 8-9 of an enthalpy value heat capacity testing section through a third lithium valve 3-3, observing and adjusting the air pressure in the U-shaped charging barrel 8-9 through a fifth barometer 4-5 and a tenth air valve 2-10, opening an electromagnetic stirrer 8-5 to stir ice-water mixed liquid in an ice gauge, heating the ice-water mixed liquid uniformly, observing and recording the liquid level change of the liquid level measuring barrel 8-8 to obtain the volume of the melted ice caused by the heat transfer of the liquid lithium, and calculating the enthalpy value and the heat capacity of the liquid lithium at the temperature.
And (3) shutting down the system:
after the test data is acquired, opening a fourth lithium valve 3-4 and a tenth air valve 2-10, simultaneously opening a heating system of a recovery tank 1-5 to preheat the tank body, filling argon gas with certain pressure into a U-shaped charging barrel 8-9, extruding the liquid lithium in the U-shaped charging barrel 8-9 into the lithium recovery tank 1-5, observing and adjusting the air pressure in the lithium recovery tank through a sixth barometer 4-6 and a fifth air valve 2-5, closing the fourth lithium valve 3-4, opening the fifth lithium valve 3-5, filling argon gas with certain pressure into the lithium recovery tank 1-5 through the fifth air valve 2-5, and extruding the liquid lithium in the lithium recovery tank 1-5 into a lithium melting tank 1-4.
The above description is provided for further details of the present invention with reference to specific experimental schemes, and it should not be considered that the specific embodiments of the present invention are limited thereto, and it should be understood that the scope of the present invention should be protected by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A liquid metal lithium physical property parameter test system is characterized by comprising: the device comprises a lithium filling system, an argon and vacuum system, a test section body and an online monitoring system;
the lithium filling system provides a proper amount of liquid lithium for the test and recovers the liquid lithium after the test is finished, so that the cyclic utilization of the liquid lithium is realized;
the argon and vacuum system provides a safe test environment under the protection of inert gas all the time for testing and provides a driving force for the flow of lithium;
the test section body is used for measuring a plurality of physical property parameters of the liquid lithium in a high-temperature environment;
the online monitoring system monitors each key parameter and the opening and closing of the lithium valve in the test system in real time;
the testing section body comprises a density surface tension testing section, a viscosity testing section and an enthalpy value heat capacity testing section;
the density surface tension testing section is characterized in that the upper end of the density surface tension testing section is connected with a lithium inlet pipe and a first lithium valve, and the lower end of the density surface tension testing section is connected with the viscosity testing section through a second lithium valve, and comprises an electromagnetic induction heating furnace, a capillary pipe, a three-point liquid level probe, a precision digital pressure gauge, a dropping funnel, a cock, a liquid paraffin measuring cup and a K-type thermocouple; the electromagnetic induction heating furnace consists of a crucible, an electromagnetic induction coil and a magnesia knotted body for sintering the electromagnetic induction coil; the K-type thermocouples are distributed in the crucible in two layers axially; the capillary tube is made of high-temperature-resistant and corrosion-resistant materials, the inner diameter of the capillary tube is less than 200 microns, and the capillary tube is vertically fixed in the crucible; the crucible is connected with a twelfth air valve, a precision digital pressure gauge and a dropping funnel through a gas pipeline;
in the viscosity testing section, the upper end of the lithium inlet pipe is connected with the second lithium valve, and the lower end of the lithium inlet pipe is connected with the enthalpy value heat capacity testing section through the third lithium valve; the viscosity testing section comprises a charging barrel, a three-point liquid level probe, a heat preservation device, a capillary tube mold core, a precise digital differential pressure meter and a K-type thermocouple; the heat preservation device comprises a heat preservation material, a heating wire and a heating sleeve, the heat preservation material is wrapped outside the charging barrel, the heating wire is wound around the charging barrel, and the heating wire is fixed by the heating sleeve; the K-type thermocouples are distributed in the charging barrel in an axial double-layer manner; the precision digital differential pressure measuring points are arranged at two ports of the capillary tube;
the lithium inlet end of the enthalpy heat capacity testing section is connected with the third lithium valve and is connected with the lithium recovery tank through the fourth lithium valve; the enthalpy value heat capacity testing section comprises an outer cylinder, an inner cylinder, an ice gauge, a U-shaped charging barrel, a three-point liquid level probe, a liquid level measuring cylinder, an electromagnetic stirrer, a triangular prism supporting piece, a heat preservation sleeve and a K-shaped thermocouple; the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder are made of heat-insulating materials, and dry ice is filled between the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder; the ice gauge is internally filled with ice-water mixed liquid, is in contact with the U-shaped pipe, is suspended on the inner wall of the outer barrel through a metal wire, and is in a vacuum environment with the inner barrel, so that heat loss can be reduced; one end of the liquid level measuring cylinder is connected with the bottom end of the ice gauge, and the other end of the liquid level measuring cylinder is communicated with the outer cylinder for accurate reading, and meanwhile, ice water solution in the ice gauge can be sucked out through the port; the smaller end of the contact surface of the triangular prism support piece is matched with the two grooves at the lower part of the inner cylinder; the heat-insulating sleeve wraps the inlet end of the U-shaped charging barrel, and the outlet end of the U-shaped charging barrel is provided with a flow guide slope with a certain angle; the three-point liquid level probe is arranged at the inlet end of the U-shaped charging barrel; the electromagnetic stirrer is arranged at the lower end of the ice meter.
2. The liquid lithium metal physical property parameter testing system of claim 1, wherein the lithium filling system comprises a lithium melting tank, a lithium recovery tank and a heating system;
an ohmic heating wire is wound on the outer wall of the lithium melting tank and wrapped with heat insulation cotton, a K-type thermocouple is arranged in the lithium melting tank, and a pressure gauge and a corresponding air valve are assembled on one side of the lithium melting tank;
a first lithium valve connected with the testing section body is welded on a lithium outlet pipeline at the lower end of the lithium melting tank, and the upper end of the lithium melting tank is connected with the argon gas and vacuum system through a third air valve;
an ohmic heating wire is wound outside the lithium recovery tank and wrapped with heat insulation cotton, a three-point liquid level probe and a K-type thermocouple are arranged inside the lithium recovery tank, and a pressure gauge and a corresponding air valve are assembled on one side of the tank body;
a fourth lithium valve connected with the test section body is welded on a lithium return pipeline at the upper end of the lithium recovery tank; the lithium recovery tank is connected with the lithium melting tank through a fifth lithium valve; the upper end of the lithium recovery tank is connected with the argon and vacuum system through a fifth air valve;
the three-point liquid level probe is connected with the lithium recovery tank body in a welding mode through the clamping sleeve, and sealing performance is guaranteed.
3. The liquid lithium metal physical property parameter testing system of claim 2, wherein the argon and vacuum system comprises an argon bottle, a gas purifier, a vacuum pump and a vacuum pressure gauge;
the gas purifier is internally provided with a molecular sieve for removing water impurities in argon gas;
the argon and vacuum system is respectively connected with the lithium melting tank and the lithium recovery tank through a third air valve and a fifth air valve, and is respectively connected with the density surface tension testing section, the viscosity testing section and the enthalpy value heat capacity testing section through a sixth air valve, an eighth air valve and a tenth air valve, so that the argon and vacuum system can independently provide a vacuum environment, inert gas protection and argon driving force for the lithium melting tank and the lithium recovery tank.
4. The liquid metal lithium physical property parameter testing system of claim 1, wherein the online monitoring system comprehensively utilizes a temperature sensor, a pressure sensor, a differential pressure sensor, a liquid probe and a lithium valve, online monitors the liquid level height and temperature of liquid lithium at key positions in the testing system, controls the heating target temperature, collects pressure differential pressure parameters, and controls the opening of the lithium valve and the opening degree of the valve;
the on-line monitoring system adopts a temperature automatic control mode, measures the temperature of a medium in the heating device through a temperature probe to adjust the opening and the power of a heating coil or a heating wire, and automatically reduces the power of the heating device when the set temperature is reached so that the temperature is constant at the set temperature; when the leakage condition in the test system is monitored, a safety signal is triggered, high-purity argon is filled into the test system, and all heating systems are automatically stopped.
5. The system for testing physical parameters of liquid lithium metal as claimed in claim 1, wherein the container device and the pipeline are made of corrosion-resistant and high-temperature-resistant ultra-low carbon stainless steel material, and the high-temperature crucible is made of molybdenum material; all equipment and pipeline connections of the full loop are in welding structures, welding seams are made of base materials and are subjected to X-ray nondestructive inspection, and leakage is avoided; the connection of part of equipment and the pipeline adopts a free telescopic structure to compensate the displacement caused by the temperature change of lithium in the pipeline; all horizontal lithium lines are inclined 10 degrees towards the lithium recovery tank.
6. A method for testing physical parameters of liquid lithium metal, which is characterized in that the system for testing physical parameters of liquid lithium metal as claimed in any one of claims 1-5 is used, and comprises the following steps:
loop argon filling step S1: opening all lithium valves and gas valves in the test system, vacuumizing the test system to 0.01Pa by a vacuum pump, then introducing argon with the purity of 99.99 percent into the test system, repeating the process for 3 times, ensuring the sealing property, reducing the content of C, H, O, N elements in a loop, and finally closing all the gas valves and the lithium valves;
loop lithium charging step S2: opening a lithium melting tank heating system, preheating solid lithium in the lithium melting tank, opening a lithium pipeline preheating system to preheat a pipeline when the temperature reaches 250-300 ℃, observing and adjusting the air pressure in the lithium melting tank through a second pressure gauge and a third air pressure valve, opening a first lithium valve when the temperature of the pipeline reaches 250 ℃, releasing liquid lithium into an electromagnetic induction heating furnace through gravity, controlling the flow of the liquid lithium by adjusting the opening degree of a valve of the first lithium valve, closing the first lithium valve after the lithium is filled, and continuously keeping the heating state of the lithium melting tank so as to convey the liquid lithium to a test system at any time;
physical property parameter testing step S3: opening an electromagnetic induction heating furnace, setting a target temperature, monitoring the temperature of liquid lithium through thermocouple reading, observing and adjusting the air pressure in a glove box and the electromagnetic induction heating furnace through a third barometer, a sixth air valve and a twelfth air valve, closing the sixth air valve and the twelfth air valve after the liquid lithium reaches the target temperature, opening a cock, slowly dropping liquid paraffin, slowly reducing the pressure of a communication system until the maximum bubble escaping is formed at the lower end pipe orifice of a capillary tube immersed under the liquid level of the liquid lithium to be detected under a constant temperature condition, recording the reading of a precision digital pressure gauge when the bubbles are uniform and stable, releasing the liquid lithium in a crucible through a second lithium valve, adjusting the liquid level of the liquid lithium in the crucible to the target liquid level by matching with a liquid probe, opening the twelfth air valve to balance the pressure in the communication system, repeating the dropping operation, and collecting new pressure data; opening a second lithium valve to release the liquid lithium in the crucible into the charging barrel, simultaneously opening a heat preservation device of the viscosity testing section, observing and adjusting the air pressure in the charging barrel through a fourth air pressure gauge and an eighth air valve, filling argon into the charging barrel through the eighth air valve after the temperature of the liquid lithium in the charging barrel is stable, extruding the liquid lithium in the charging barrel through a capillary tube, and recording the reading of a precise digital differential pressure meter; releasing liquid lithium in the charging barrel into a U-shaped charging barrel at an enthalpy value heat capacity testing section through a third lithium valve, observing and adjusting air pressure in the U-shaped charging barrel through a fifth air pressure gauge and a tenth air valve, monitoring temperature change of the liquid lithium through a K-shaped thermocouple, opening an electromagnetic stirrer to stir ice-water mixed liquid in an ice gauge, heating the ice-water mixed liquid uniformly, and observing and recording liquid level change of a liquid level measuring barrel to obtain the volume of melted ice caused by heat transfer of the liquid lithium;
system shutdown step S4: after the test data is acquired, opening a fourth lithium valve and a tenth air valve, simultaneously opening a heating system of the lithium recovery tank to preheat a tank body of the lithium recovery tank, filling argon gas with certain pressure into a U-shaped charging barrel, extruding liquid lithium in the U-shaped charging barrel into the lithium recovery tank, observing and adjusting air pressure in the lithium recovery tank through a sixth barometer and a fifth air valve, closing the fourth lithium valve, opening the fifth lithium valve, filling argon gas with certain pressure into the lithium recovery tank through the fifth air valve, extruding the liquid lithium in the recovery tank into a lithium melting tank, and recycling of the liquid lithium is achieved.
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