CN116007092B - Graded compression refrigeration/heating system and method for temperature and humidity independent air conditioner - Google Patents
Graded compression refrigeration/heating system and method for temperature and humidity independent air conditioner Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a hierarchical compression refrigerating/heating system and a hierarchical compression method for an independent temperature and humidity air conditioner, wherein the hierarchical compression refrigerating/heating system comprises a solar photovoltaic photo-thermal unit, an energy storage/release unit and a hierarchical compression unit, a water channel of the solar photovoltaic photo-thermal unit is connected with an inlet and an outlet of a water channel of a fresh air unit to form a first water circulation channel, the first water circulation channel is used for realizing heat exchange with the fresh air channel of the fresh air unit, a water channel of a third heat exchanger of the hierarchical compression unit and the water channel of an air treatment unit form a second water circulation channel, and the second water circulation channel is used for realizing heat exchange with the air channel of the air treatment unit; the invention can realize the cascade preparation and utilization of the cold energy/heat energy of the cold and heat source of the air conditioner and the cascade extraction and promotion of the heat energy grade of multiple temperature positions, and is suitable for being used as the cold and heat source of the air conditioning system with independent temperature and humidity control.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of heat pumps, and particularly relates to a hierarchical compression refrigeration/heating system and method for an independent temperature and humidity air conditioner.
Background
Compared with the traditional energy, the solar energy has a plurality of advantages, is not limited by regions, can provide heat supply required by users, has the remarkable advantages of energy conservation and environmental protection, and has the defects of intermittence, instability and the like due to the change of sunlight intensity.
The compression heat pump is widely applied because of the advantages of meeting the cold and hot demands of users, continuously and stably running and the like, but the air source compression heat pump driven by electric energy consumes high-grade electric energy, has no obvious advantages of energy conservation and emission reduction, and has the problem of higher running cost caused by incapability of utilizing peak-to-valley electricity price difference.
The phase change energy storage material has the advantages of small volume change, good energy saving effect and easy control, and is widely applied in the energy storage field. The phase change material can absorb heat of the environment in the phase change process, and release heat to the environment when needed, so that the purposes of energy storage and ambient temperature control are achieved.
The solar energy unit and the compression heat pump unit can realize energy transfer through the phase-change energy storage material. The prior art discloses an energy storage system for refrigeration and heating, which comprises a compression heat pump unit, an energy storage unit, a solar energy unit and the like, but the compression heat pump unit cannot fully utilize solar energy in the refrigeration and heating process so as to further reduce energy consumption, and meanwhile, the compression heat pump unit can exchange energy with the solar energy unit through the energy storage unit, so that the cooperative function of each unit can be limited under specific conditions.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a graded compression refrigeration/heating system and a graded compression refrigeration/heating method for a temperature and humidity independent air conditioner.
The invention aims to provide a hierarchical compression refrigerating/heating system for an independent temperature and humidity air conditioner, which comprises a solar photovoltaic photo-thermal unit, an energy storage/release unit and a hierarchical compression unit, wherein a water channel of the solar photovoltaic photo-thermal unit is connected with an inlet and an outlet of a water channel of a fresh air unit to form a first water circulation channel, the first water circulation channel is used for realizing heat exchange with the fresh air channel of the fresh air unit, a water channel of a third heat exchanger of the hierarchical compression unit and the water channel of an air treatment unit form a second water circulation channel, and the second water circulation channel is used for realizing heat exchange with the air channel of the air treatment unit;
The energy storage/release unit comprises a cold energy/heat energy storage tank, a first heat exchanger and a second heat exchanger, wherein the first heat exchanger and the second heat exchanger are positioned in the cold energy/heat energy storage tank, the first heat exchanger is connected with the solar photovoltaic photo-thermal unit, and the second heat exchanger is connected with the staged compression unit and is used for realizing energy transmission and energy storage of the solar photovoltaic photo-thermal unit and the staged compression unit;
the heat exchange device comprises a first water circulation channel, a second water circulation channel, a third heat exchanger, a fourth heat exchanger, a fifth heat exchanger, a first water circulation channel and a second water circulation channel, wherein the third heat exchanger comprises a first heat exchange channel and a second heat exchange channel which can realize heat exchange, two ends of the first heat exchange channel are connected with the first water circulation channel, two ends of the second heat exchange channel are connected with the second water circulation channel, and the first water circulation channel and the second water circulation channel can realize heat exchange through the third heat exchanger.
As a preferable scheme, the water channel outlet of the fresh air handling unit is divided into two branches, wherein a first branch is connected with the first heat exchanger through a third control valve, the other branch is connected with the first heat exchange channel through a fourth control valve, the water channel outlet of the air handling unit is divided into two branches, one branch is connected with one end of the water channel of the third heat exchanger through a fifth control valve, and the other branch is connected with the second heat exchange channel through a sixth control valve.
As a preferred scheme, the solar photovoltaic photo-thermal unit further comprises a solar heat collector, wherein a water channel inlet of the solar heat collector is connected with one branch of the outlet of the first heat exchanger through a first control valve, and the other branch of the outlet of the first heat exchanger is connected with a water channel inlet of the fresh air unit through a second control valve.
As a preferred scheme, the multi-stage compression heat pump unit further comprises a compressor, a four-way reversing valve and a gas-liquid separator, wherein the four-way reversing valve is provided with four ports, a first port is a high-pressure air inlet, the first port is connected with a high-pressure air outlet of the compressor, a fourth port is a low-pressure air outlet, the fourth port is connected with a low-pressure air inlet of the compressor, a third port of the fourth port is connected with one port of a refrigerant channel of the third heat exchanger, the other port of the refrigerant channel of the third heat exchanger is divided into two branches, a first branch is connected with an inlet of a first throttling part, an outlet of the first throttling part is connected with an inlet of a second heat exchanger, a second branch is connected with an outlet of the fourth throttling part, an inlet of the fourth throttling part is connected with a bottom liquid outlet of the gas-liquid separator, an outlet of the second heat exchanger is connected with an inlet of the gas-liquid separator, and a top gas outlet of the gas-liquid separator is connected with a medium-pressure air suction port of the compressor.
The gas-liquid separator is characterized by further comprising a fourth heat exchanger, wherein one port of a refrigerant channel of the fourth heat exchanger is connected with the second port of the four-way reversing valve, the other port of the refrigerant channel of the fourth heat exchanger is divided into two branches, one branch is connected with an inlet of the second heat exchanger through a third throttling part, the other branch is connected with an outlet of the second throttling part, and an inlet of the second throttling part is connected with a bottom liquid outlet of the gas-liquid separator.
As a preferable scheme, the compressor is a two-stage compressor, the high-pressure exhaust port of the compressor is connected with the high-pressure air inlet of the four-way reversing valve, the low-pressure air suction port of the compressor is connected with the low-pressure exhaust port of the four-way reversing valve, and the medium-pressure air suction port of the compressor is connected with the top gas outlet of the gas-liquid separator.
As a preferable scheme, the compressor comprises a first compressor and a second compressor, wherein an air suction port of the first compressor is connected with an air discharge port of the second compressor, a high-pressure air discharge port of the first compressor is connected with a high-pressure air inlet of the four-way reversing valve, a low-pressure air suction port of the second compressor is connected with a low-pressure air discharge port of the four-way reversing valve, and a top air discharge port of the gas-liquid separator is connected with a connecting pipeline between the first compressor and the second compressor.
Preferably, the compressor comprises a first compressor and a second compressor, outlets of the first compressor and the second compressor are connected with a high-pressure air inlet of the four-way reversing valve, a low-pressure air outlet of the four-way reversing valve is connected with a low-pressure air suction port of the second compressor, and a top air outlet of the gas-liquid separator is connected with a medium-pressure air suction port of the first compressor.
As a preferable scheme, the solar heat collector adopts a solar PV/T heat collector for absorbing solar energy and converting the solar energy into electric energy and heat energy, providing heat energy for a fresh air handling unit for heating fresh air, and providing heat energy for heating phase-change materials of an energy storage/release unit to realize heat energy storage, wherein the prepared electric energy is used for driving a compressor and a circulating pump to work.
The second purpose of the invention is to provide a graded compression refrigeration/heating method for the independent temperature and humidity air conditioner, wherein the solar photovoltaic photo-thermal unit, the graded compression unit and the air conditioner energy storage/release unit are operated in a combined mode or an independent mode according to a refrigeration working condition or a heating working condition;
the specific steps of the refrigeration mode are as follows:
when the system operates in a low-temperature cold energy preparation supply mode and a high-temperature cold energy preparation storage and release supply mode, the staged compression unit simultaneously supplies cold energy to the cold energy/heat energy storage tank and the air treatment unit under the condition of night low-valley electricity, the cold energy/heat energy storage tank provides low-grade cold energy for the fresh air unit to treat fresh air load, and the dual-temperature evaporation temperature of the second heat exchanger and the third heat exchanger respectively provides higher-temperature cold energy required by the phase change material cold accumulation process of the cold energy/heat energy storage tank and lower-temperature cold energy required by the air treatment unit to treat wet load of wet air; the third heat exchanger of the refrigeration cycle with high compression ratio is used as a low-temperature evaporator to prepare lower-temperature and higher-grade cold energy to supply the air processing unit with latent heat load and sensible heat load, and the second heat exchanger of the refrigeration cycle with low compression ratio is used as a high-temperature evaporator to prepare higher-temperature and lower-grade cold energy, so that the cold energy is stored in a cold energy/heat energy storage tank and is supplied to a fresh air unit to bear fresh air load;
When the system is operated in a low-temperature cold energy preparation and supply mode and a high-temperature cold energy preparation and storage mode, under the condition of daytime peak electricity, the electric energy prepared by the solar PV/T heat collector is used for driving the compressor and the circulating pump to work, the third heat exchanger of the refrigeration cycle with high compression ratio is used as a low-temperature evaporator to prepare low-temperature and high-grade chilled water to be supplied to the air treatment unit for bearing latent heat load and sensible heat load, and the cold energy of the chilled water once utilized by the air treatment unit is used for providing high-temperature and low-grade cold energy for the fresh air unit through the fifth heat exchanger for bearing fresh air load; the second heat exchanger of the refrigeration cycle with low compression ratio is used as a high-temperature evaporator to prepare cold energy with higher temperature and lower grade and fully stores the cold energy in the cold energy/heat energy storage tank;
When the solar energy PV/T heat collector is operated in a low-temperature cold energy preparation supply mode and a high-temperature cold energy release supply mode, under the condition of daytime peak electricity, the electric energy prepared by the solar energy PV/T heat collector is used for driving a compressor and a circulating pump to work, the refrigeration cycle with a low compression ratio stops working, and only the third heat exchanger of the refrigeration cycle with a high compression ratio is used as a low-temperature evaporator to prepare lower-temperature and higher-grade chilled water to supply an air treatment unit to bear latent heat load and sensible heat load; the higher-temperature cold energy stored in the cold energy/heat energy storage tank is used for bearing fresh air load;
When the solar energy/heat energy storage tank is not used for storing cold energy, the electric energy prepared by the solar energy PV/T heat collector is used for driving the compressor and the circulating pump to work, the refrigeration cycle with low compression ratio stops working, the third heat exchanger of the refrigeration cycle with high compression ratio is used as a low-temperature evaporator for preparing low-temperature and high-grade chilled water to be supplied to the air treatment unit for bearing latent heat load and sensible heat load, and the rest chilled water cooling capacity after being once utilized by the air treatment unit is used for providing high-temperature and low-grade cold energy for the fresh air unit for bearing fresh air load through the fifth heat exchanger.
The specific steps of the heating mode are as follows:
when the solar radiation intensity is high, the system operates in a low-temperature heat energy preparation, supply, storage and release mode and a high-temperature heat energy preparation and supply mode, wherein the cold energy/heat energy storage tank is used as a high-temperature heat source, outdoor air is used as a low-temperature heat source, the solar PV/T heat collector converts solar energy into electric energy and heat energy, the prepared electric energy is used for driving the compressor and the circulating pump to work, a part of the prepared heat energy is used for directly preheating fresh air, the other part of the prepared heat energy is used for heating the cold energy/heat energy storage tank phase-change material and converting the heat energy into latent heat for storage, the second heat exchanger of the heat pump cycle with the low compression ratio of the stage compression unit is used as a high-temperature evaporator to absorb the latent heat stored by the phase-change material from the energy storage/release unit, and the fourth heat exchanger of the heat pump cycle with the high compression ratio of the stage compression unit is used as a low-temperature evaporator to absorb air heat energy from the outdoor low-temperature environment;
When the solar radiation intensity is weak, the heat pump cycle with low compression ratio is operated according to the modes of low-temperature heat energy release and supply and high-temperature heat energy preparation and supply, outdoor air is used as a low-temperature heat source, the solar energy is converted into electric energy and heat energy by the solar PV/T heat collector, the prepared electric energy is used for driving the compressor and the circulating pump to work, all the prepared heat energy is used for directly preheating fresh air, the fourth heat exchanger of the heat pump cycle with high compression ratio of the grading pressure unit is used as a low-temperature evaporator to absorb air heat energy from the outdoor low-temperature environment, and high-grade high-temperature heat energy is prepared through the single-stage compression process of the compressor and used for heating air conditioner air supply;
When no solar radiation exists, the system operates in a mode of low-temperature heat energy release and supply and high-temperature heat energy preparation and supply, a cold energy/heat energy storage tank is used as a high-temperature heat source, outdoor air is used as a low-temperature heat source, a solar PV/T collector stops working, the prepared electric energy is used for driving a compressor and a circulating pump to work, heat energy stored by a phase-change material of the cold energy/heat energy storage tank is released, part of the heat energy is used for directly preheating fresh air, the other part of the heat energy is used as a high-temperature heat source, a second heat exchanger of a heat pump cycle with a low compression ratio of a stage compression unit is used as a high-temperature evaporator for absorbing latent heat stored by the phase-change material from the energy storage/release unit, a fourth heat exchanger of the heat pump cycle with the low compression ratio of the stage compression unit is used as a low-temperature evaporator for absorbing air heat energy from an outdoor low-temperature environment, heat energy absorbed by the heat pump cycle with the low compression ratio and the heat pump cycle with the high compression ratio is used for heating air conditioner air supply through a stage compression process of the compressor;
When no solar radiation exists and the phase change material of the cold energy/heat energy storage tank does not store latent heat, the phase change material operates in a high-temperature heat energy preparation and supply mode, outdoor air serves as a low-temperature heat source, the low-compression-ratio heat pump cycle stops working, the third heat exchanger of the high-compression-ratio heat pump cycle serves as a condenser to prepare a high-temperature hot water, the higher Gao Pin hot water is supplied to the air treatment unit to bear an air conditioning heat supply load, and the rest hot water heat energy after being once utilized by the air treatment unit is used for providing lower-temperature and lower-grade heat energy for the fresh air unit through the fifth heat exchanger to preheat fresh air.
The invention at least has the following beneficial effects:
The invention comprises three parts of a grading compression unit, an energy storage/release unit and a solar photovoltaic photo-thermal unit through improvement, and according to different requirements, the three parts can be matched to operate, and meanwhile, independent operation of a single system can be realized; the energy storage/release unit realizes energy transfer and energy storage between the graded compression unit and the solar photovoltaic photo-thermal unit; the energy storage/release unit is used for storing heat energy, firstly, the energy storage/release unit is used for bearing fresh air preheating load in a heat supply mode, heat at a higher temperature required by compression heating circulation with a low pressure ratio can be provided, a step compression heating circulation process of the compressor at double evaporation temperatures is realized, high-temperature high-grade heat energy is prepared by step utilization of low-temperature heat energy of an outdoor environment and low-temperature heat energy produced by solar energy, the grade of the high-temperature high-grade heat energy is improved, the heating efficiency and the solar energy utilization rate of the compression heat pump circulation are improved, the intermittent problem of traditional solar energy heat supply is solved, on one hand, the solar photovoltaic and photo-thermal unit can provide part of heat supply needed by a fresh air unit, and part of heat energy can be stored in the cold energy/heat energy storage tank, and the step compression unit can realize heating effect and simultaneously can perform refrigeration. The invention can effectively utilize solar energy, has the advantages of high reliability and remarkable energy-saving effect, has multiple functions, can be used as a cold and heat source of an air conditioner, and is particularly suitable for being used as a cold and heat source of an air conditioning system with independent temperature and humidity control.
Secondly, the invention combines the specific structure, optimizes the refrigerating and heating method, and can perform joint operation or independent operation in a plurality of different modes according to different environmental conditions and different grade requirements by organically combining the device of the whole system, thereby realizing the gradient preparation and utilization of cold/heat; under the refrigeration working condition, when the stage compression unit runs in a gradient compression refrigeration cycle at night electric power valley, not only the cold energy supply requirement of a night building air conditioner is met, but also the cold energy can be stored in a cold energy/heat energy storage tank for eliminating the sensible heat cold load of the building, and the stage compression unit only needs to prepare low-temperature cold water to bear the latent heat load of the building, so that different grades of cold energy are provided for the air conditioning system for independently controlling the temperature and the humidity of the building air conditioner, the separate treatment of the latent heat load and the sensible heat load of the building is realized, the electric quantity of the air conditioning system in the daytime electric power peak period is reduced, and the electric power peak shifting, valley filling and the running cost are facilitated; under the heating working condition, when the solar energy is sufficient, a low-grade solar heat source is fully utilized, and the solar photovoltaic photo-thermal unit can simultaneously provide part of heat supply required by the fresh air unit and use other heat energy for heating the cold energy/heat energy storage tank phase-change material and converting the heat energy into latent heat for storage; when no solar energy exists and phase change energy storage exists, the heat energy stored in the cold energy/heat energy storage tank is used for bearing fresh air preheating load in a heat supply mode, heat at a higher temperature required by compression heating circulation with a low pressure ratio can be provided, the gradient compression heating circulation process of the compressor at double evaporation temperatures is realized in heat supply, the heating efficiency and the solar energy utilization rate of the compression heat pump circulation can be effectively improved, and the intermittent problem of traditional solar energy heat supply is solved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a block diagram (embodiment 1) of a hierarchical compression refrigeration/heating system of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a block diagram (embodiment 2) of a hierarchical compression refrigeration/heating system of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a block diagram (embodiment 3) of a stage compression refrigeration/heating system of the present invention;
The marks in the figure: 1. the compressor, 1a, the first compressor, 1b, the second compressor, 2, the four-way reversing valve, 3, the third heat exchanger, 4, the second heat exchanger, 5, the gas-liquid separator, 6, the fourth heat exchanger, 7, the cold energy/heat energy storage tank, 8, the first heat exchanger, 9, the circulating pump I, 10, the solar PV/T collector, 11, the fresh air handling unit, 12, the air handling unit, 13, the circulating pump II, 14, the fifth heat exchanger, 101, the first throttling part, 102, the second throttling part, 103, the third throttling part, 104, the fourth throttling part, 201, the first control valve, 202, the second control valve, 203, the third control valve, 204, the fourth control valve, 205, the fifth control valve, 206, the sixth control valve, 207 and the seventh control valve.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below by way of exemplary embodiments. It is to be understood that elements, structures and features of one embodiment may be beneficially incorporated in other embodiments without further recitation.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, the present solution provides a stage compression refrigeration/heating system for a temperature and humidity independent air conditioner, which is composed of three parts of a solar photovoltaic photo-thermal unit, a stage compression unit and an energy storage/release unit, wherein the energy storage/release unit comprises a cold energy/heat energy storage tank 7, a first heat exchanger 8 and a second heat exchanger 4, wherein the first heat exchanger 8 and the second heat exchanger 4 are arranged in the cold energy/heat energy storage tank 7, the cold energy/heat energy storage tank 7 is used for filling phase change energy storage filler, and the first heat exchanger 8 and the second heat exchanger 4 are arranged in the cold energy/heat energy storage tank 7 and are submerged in the phase change energy storage filler with a phase change temperature of 10 ℃ to 30 ℃; the phase change material adopted by the cold energy/heat energy storage tank 7 is a material with stable performance such as fatty acid, polyalcohol, paraffin, graphite or expanded graphite. The first heat exchanger 8 and the second heat exchanger 4 are coil type heat exchangers or fin type heat exchangers. The two ends of the inlet and the outlet of the first heat exchanger 8 are respectively connected with a solar photovoltaic photo-thermal unit, the two ends of the inlet and the outlet of the second heat exchanger 4 are respectively connected with a staged compression unit, and the energy storage/release unit is used for storing and/or exchanging heat of heat or cold under different conditions.
It should be noted that: the arrows in fig. 1-3 show the direction of fluid flow in the forward direction, the open arrows show the direction of fluid flow in the cooling mode, and the solid arrows show the direction of fluid flow in the heating mode.
In this scheme, when the stage compression unit is operated according to the heat supply mode, the solar photovoltaic photo-thermal unit can provide the required partial heat supply of fresh air handling unit 11 on the one hand, still can store partial heat energy in cold energy/heat energy storage tank 7, cold energy/heat energy storage tank 7 can be used for storing heat energy, and firstly be used for the fresh air preheating load under the heat supply mode when solar energy is not enough or no solar energy, still can provide the required higher temperature heat of compression heating cycle of low pressure ratio, realize the compressor stage compression heating cycle process under the double evaporation temperature, improve compression heat pump cycle's heating efficiency and solar energy utilization ratio.
In the scheme, the solar photovoltaic photo-thermal unit comprises a solar PV/T heat collector 10, a circulating pump I9, a fresh air unit 11, a first control valve 201, a second control valve 202 and a seventh control valve 207, and is formed by sequentially connecting the solar PV/T heat collector 10, the fresh air unit 11, a first heat exchanger 8 and the circulating pump I9 in series to form a closed cycle; the solar PV/T collector 10 is used for absorbing solar energy and converting the solar energy into electric energy and heat energy, providing heat energy for the fresh air handling unit 11 for heating fresh air, and providing heat energy for heating phase change materials of the energy storage/release unit for realizing heat energy storage; the inlet and the outlet of the solar PV/T collector 10 are respectively provided with a first control valve 201 and a seventh control valve 207, the inlet and the outlet of the solar PV/T collector 10 are also provided with a bypass pipe, and the bypass pipe is provided with a second control valve 202.
In this embodiment, the circulation pump i 9 is disposed on the first water circulation path and is located at the outlet end of the first heat exchanger 8, where the outlet of the circulation pump i 9 is divided into a first branch and a second branch, where the first branch is connected to the inlet of the solar PV/T collector 10 through the first control valve 201, the outlet of the solar PV/T collector 10 is connected to the seventh control valve 207, the second branch is provided with the second control valve 202, the second branch is connected to the outlet of the first branch and the inlet of the heat exchange pipeline of the fresh air unit 11, the outlet of the heat exchange pipeline is divided into two branches, where one branch is connected to the inlet of the first heat exchanger 8 through the third control valve 203, the other branch is connected to the inlet of one heat exchange channel of the fifth heat exchanger 14 through the fourth control valve 204, and the outlet of one heat exchange channel of the fifth heat exchanger 14 is connected to the inlet of the first heat exchanger 8. In this scheme, fresh air handling unit 11 is the plate heat exchanger.
In this scheme, the stage compression unit includes first compressor 1a, second compressor 1b, four-way reversing valve 2, third heat exchanger 3, gas-liquid separator 5, fourth heat exchanger 6, first throttling part 101, second throttling part 102, third throttling part 103, fourth throttling part 104, and third heat exchanger 3 is the shell-and-tube heat exchanger, and fourth heat exchanger 6 is plate fin heat exchanger or fin tubular heat exchanger. The first, second, third and fourth throttling components are thermal expansion valves or electronic expansion valves. Wherein the first compressor 1a has a medium pressure suction port and a high pressure discharge port, and the second compressor 1b has a low pressure suction port and a high pressure discharge port.
In this embodiment, the four-way reversing valve 2 has a first port a, a second port b, a third port c and a fourth port d, the first, second, third and fourth ports of the four-way reversing valve 2 correspond to positions indicated by 1,2, 3 and 4 of the four-way reversing valve 2 in the figure, wherein the first port a is a high-pressure gas inlet, the fourth port d is a low-pressure gas outlet, the second port b is connected with one port of the fourth heat exchanger 6, the third port c is connected with one port of the refrigerant channel of the third heat exchanger 3, the high-pressure exhaust ports of the first compressor 1a and the second compressor 1b are connected with the first port a of the four-way reversing valve 2, the low-pressure suction port of the second compressor 1b is connected with the fourth port d of the four-way reversing valve 2, the four-way reversing valve 2 has a valve body and a slider accommodated in the valve body and moving between the first position and the second position, and when the slider is in the first position, the first port a is communicated with the second port b, and the fourth port c is communicated with the fourth port d; when the slide block is at the second position, the first port a is communicated with the third port c, and the second port b is communicated with the fourth port d.
In this embodiment, the other port of the refrigerant channel of the fourth heat exchanger 6 is divided into two branches, one of the branches is connected to the outlet of the second throttling element 102, the other branch is connected to the inlet of the third throttling element 103, the outlet of the third throttling element 103 is connected to the inlet of the second heat exchanger 4, the outlet of the second heat exchanger 4 is connected to the gas-liquid separator 5, the gas discharge pipeline in the gas-liquid separator 5 is provided with a U-shaped bend, and at least one oil return small hole is provided at the lowest position of the U-shaped bend.
In this embodiment, the gas discharge line of the gas-liquid separator 5 is connected to the suction port of the first compressor 1a, and the liquid discharge line of the gas-liquid separator 5 is divided into two branches, one of which is connected to the inlet of the second throttling part 102, the other of which is connected to the inlet of the fourth throttling part 104, and the outlet of the fourth throttling part 104 is connected to the connection line between the inlet of the first throttling part 101 and one port of the refrigerant passage of the third heat exchanger 3.
In this embodiment, the water channel of the solar photovoltaic photo-thermal unit, the water channel of the fresh air unit 11 and the circulating pump i 9 form a first water circulation channel, the first water circulation channel is further connected with the first heat exchange channel of the fifth heat exchanger 14, the water channel of the air processing unit 12, the water channel of the third heat exchanger 3 and the circulating pump ii 13 form a second water circulation channel, the second water circulation channel is connected with the second heat exchange channel of the fifth heat exchanger 14, and heat exchange of the water systems of the first water circulation channel and the second water circulation channel can be achieved through the fifth heat exchanger 14.
The outlet of the water channel of the fresh air unit 11 is divided into two branches, wherein one branch is connected with the inlet of the first heat exchanger 8 through a third control valve 203, the other branch is connected with the inlet of the first heat exchange channel of the fifth heat exchanger 14 through a fourth control valve 204, and the outlet of the first heat exchange channel of the fifth heat exchanger 14 is connected with the inlet of the first heat exchanger 8; the outlet of the water channel of the air treatment unit 12 is divided into two branches, one branch is connected with the inlet of the third heat exchanger 3 through a fifth control valve 205, the other branch is connected with the inlet of the second heat exchange channel of the fifth heat exchanger 14 through a sixth control valve 206, the outlet of the second heat exchange channel of the fifth heat exchanger 14 is connected with the inlet of the third heat exchanger 3, and the outlet of the third heat exchanger 3 is connected with the inlet of the water pipe of the air treatment unit 12 through a circulating pump II 13.
Example 2
This embodiment differs from embodiment 1 in that: the staged compression unit comprises a two-stage compressor 1, a four-way reversing valve 2, a third heat exchanger 3, a gas-liquid separator 5, a fourth heat exchanger 6, a first throttling part 101, a second throttling part 102, a third throttling part 103 and a fourth throttling part 104, wherein the third heat exchanger 3 is a shell-and-tube heat exchanger, and the fourth heat exchanger 6 is a plate-fin heat exchanger or a fin-and-tube heat exchanger. The first, second, third and fourth throttling components are thermal expansion valves or electronic expansion valves. Wherein the two-stage compressor 1 has a low pressure suction port, a medium pressure suction port and a high pressure discharge port.
The four-way reversing valve 2 has a first port a, a second port b, a third port c and a fourth port d, the first, second, third and fourth ports of the four-way reversing valve 2 correspond to positions indicated by 1,2, 3 and 4 of the four-way reversing valve 2 in the figure, the first port a is a high-pressure gas inlet, the fourth port d is a low-pressure gas outlet, the second port b is connected with one port of the fourth heat exchanger 6, the third port c is connected with one port of a refrigerant channel of the third heat exchanger 3, the high-pressure exhaust port of the two-stage compressor 1 is connected with the first port a of the four-way reversing valve 2, the low-pressure air suction port of the two-stage compressor 1 is connected with the fourth port d of the four-way reversing valve 2, the medium-pressure air suction port of the two-stage compressor 1 is connected with a top gas outlet of the gas-liquid separator 5, the four-way reversing valve 2 has a valve body and a slider accommodated in the valve body and moving between the first position and the second position, when the slider is in the first position, the first port a is communicated with the second port b, and the fourth port c is communicated with the fourth port d; when the slide block is at the second position, the first port a is communicated with the third port c, and the second port b is communicated with the fourth port d.
Example 3
The present embodiment differs from embodiment 1 in that: the staged compression unit comprises a first compressor 1a, a second compressor 1b, a four-way reversing valve 2, a third heat exchanger 3, a gas-liquid separator 5, a fourth heat exchanger 6, a first throttling part 101, a second throttling part 102, a third throttling part 103 and a fourth throttling part 104, wherein the third heat exchanger 3 is a shell-and-tube heat exchanger, and the fourth heat exchanger 6 is a plate-fin heat exchanger or a fin-and-tube heat exchanger. The first, second, third and fourth throttling components are thermal expansion valves or electronic expansion valves. Wherein the first compressor 1a has a medium pressure suction port and a high pressure discharge port, and the second compressor 1b has a low pressure suction port and a medium pressure discharge port.
The four-way reversing valve 2 has a first port a, a second port b, a third port c and a fourth port d, the first, second, third and fourth ports of the four-way reversing valve 2 correspond to positions indicated by 1,2,3 and 4 of the four-way reversing valve 2 in the figure, the first port a is a high-pressure gas inlet, the fourth port d is a low-pressure gas outlet, the second port b is connected with one port of the fourth heat exchanger 6, the third port c is connected with one port of a refrigerant channel of the third heat exchanger 3, the high-pressure exhaust port of the first compressor 1a is connected with the first port a of the four-way reversing valve 2, the air inlet of the first compressor 1a is connected with the exhaust port of the second compressor 1b and the top gas outlet of the gas-liquid separator 5 respectively, the low-pressure air suction port of the second compressor 1b is connected with the fourth port d of the four-way reversing valve 2, the four-way reversing valve 2 has a valve body and a slider accommodated in the valve body and moving between the first position and the second position, and the fourth port b is communicated with the first port c when the slider is in the first position; when the slide block is at the second position, the first port a is communicated with the third port c, and the second port b is communicated with the fourth port d.
The scheme also provides a circulation method of the graded compression refrigeration/heating system for the independent temperature and humidity air conditioner, wherein the solar photovoltaic photo-thermal unit, the graded compression unit and the air conditioner energy storage/release unit are operated in a combined mode or independent mode according to a refrigeration working condition or a heating working condition; the method comprises the following steps:
1. the refrigerating method under the refrigerating working condition comprises the following steps:
the first control valve 201, the seventh control valve is closed 207, and the second control valve is opened 202; the third control valve 203 and the fifth control valve 205 are simultaneously opened, and the fourth control valve 204 and the sixth control valve 206 are simultaneously closed (or the third control valve 203 and the fifth control valve 205 are simultaneously closed, and the fourth control valve 204 and the sixth control valve 206 are simultaneously opened).
In embodiment 1, a first compressor 1a, a four-way reversing valve 2, a fourth heat exchanger 6, a third throttling component 103, a second heat exchanger 4 and a gas-liquid separator 5 are sequentially connected in series to form a refrigeration cycle with a low compression ratio; the second compressor 1b, the four-way reversing valve 2, the fourth heat exchanger 6, the third throttling component 103, the second heat exchanger 4, the gas-liquid separator 5, the fourth throttling component 104 and the third heat exchanger 3 are sequentially connected in series to form a refrigeration cycle with high compression ratio, and the cascade compression process of the compressor is realized by the refrigeration cycle with low compression ratio and the refrigeration cycle with high compression ratio;
In embodiment 2, a refrigerating cycle with a low compression ratio is formed by sequentially connecting a two-stage compressor 1, a four-way reversing valve 2, a fourth heat exchanger 6, a third throttling component 103, a second heat exchanger 4 and a gas-liquid separator 5 in series; the two-stage compressor 1, the four-way reversing valve 2, the fourth heat exchanger 6, the third throttling component 103, the second heat exchanger 4, the gas-liquid separator 5, the fourth throttling component 104 and the third heat exchanger 3 are sequentially connected in series to form a refrigeration cycle with high compression ratio, and the cascade compression process of the compressor is realized.
In embodiment 3, a refrigeration cycle with a low compression ratio is formed by sequentially connecting a first compressor 1a, a four-way reversing valve 2, a fourth heat exchanger 6, a third throttling part 103, a second heat exchanger 4 and a gas-liquid separator 5 in series; the second compressor 1b, the first compressor 1a, the four-way reversing valve 2, the fourth heat exchanger 6, the third throttling component 103, the second heat exchanger 4, the gas-liquid separator 5, the fourth throttling component 104 and the third heat exchanger 3 are sequentially connected in series to form a refrigeration cycle with a high compression ratio, and the cascade compression process of the compressor is realized by the refrigeration cycle with a low compression ratio and the refrigeration cycle with a high compression ratio.
A solar photovoltaic photo-thermal unit (a solar PV/T collector only produces electric energy and does not produce heat energy), a staged compression unit and an air conditioning energy storage/release unit work in combination; the system has four operation modes of low-temperature cold energy preparation and supply, high-temperature cold energy preparation and storage and release supply, low-temperature cold energy preparation and supply, high-temperature cold energy preparation and storage, low-temperature cold energy preparation and supply, high-temperature cold energy release and supply, and low-temperature cold energy preparation and supply:
When the system is operated in a low-temperature cold energy preparation supply mode and a high-temperature cold energy preparation storage and release supply mode, such as under the condition of night low-valley electricity, the staged compression unit simultaneously supplies cold energy to the cold energy/heat energy storage tank 7 and the air treatment unit 12, the cold energy/heat energy storage tank 7 provides low-grade cold energy for the fresh air unit 11 to treat fresh air load, the dual-temperature evaporation temperatures of the second heat exchanger 4 and the third heat exchanger 3 respectively provide higher-temperature cold energy required by the phase-change material cold storage process of the cold energy/heat energy storage tank 7 and lower-temperature cold energy required by the air treatment unit 12 to treat wet air, the purposes of providing high-grade cold energy and low-grade cold energy for the temperature and humidity independent control air conditioning system and realizing the staged preparation and utilization of cold energy required by building latent heat load and sensible heat load are achieved; the third heat exchanger 3 of the refrigeration cycle with high compression ratio is used as a low-temperature evaporator to prepare lower-temperature and higher-grade cold energy, the lower-temperature and lower-grade cold energy is supplied to the air handling unit 12 to bear latent heat load and sensible heat load, the second heat exchanger 4 of the refrigeration cycle with low compression ratio is used as a high-temperature evaporator to prepare higher-temperature and lower-grade cold energy, and the higher-temperature and lower-grade cold energy is stored in the cold energy/heat energy storage tank 7 and is supplied to the fresh air unit 11 to bear fresh air load; the solar photovoltaic photo-thermal unit, the grading compression unit and the air conditioner energy storage/release unit work in a combined mode to realize gradient preparation and utilization of cooling capacity required by the temperature and humidity independent control air conditioner system.
When the solar photovoltaic photo-thermal unit is operated in a low-temperature cold energy preparation supply mode and a high-temperature cold energy preparation storage mode, such as in the case of daytime peak electricity, the electric energy prepared by the solar PV/T heat collector 10 of the solar photovoltaic photo-thermal unit is used for driving the first compressor 1a, the second compressor 1b, the double-stage compressor 1, the circulating pump I9 and the circulating pump II13 to work, the third heat exchanger 3 of the refrigeration cycle with high compression ratio is used as a low-temperature evaporator for preparing low-temperature and high-grade chilled water to supply the air handling unit 12 for carrying latent heat load and sensible heat load, and the cold energy of the chilled water after being once utilized by the air handling unit 12 is used for carrying fresh air load by the fifth heat exchanger 14 for providing the fresh air handling unit 11 with high-temperature and low-grade cold energy; the second heat exchanger 4 of the refrigeration cycle with low compression ratio is used as a high-temperature evaporator to prepare cold energy with higher temperature and lower grade and fully stores the cold energy into the cold energy/heat energy storage tank 7; the solar photovoltaic photo-thermal unit, the grading compression unit and the air conditioner energy storage/release unit work in a combined mode to realize gradient utilization of high-grade cold energy and gradient preparation of high-grade cold energy required by the temperature and humidity independent control air conditioner system.
When the solar PV/T collector 10 of the solar photovoltaic photo-thermal unit is operated in the low temperature cold energy preparation supply and high temperature cold energy release supply mode, such as peak daytime electricity, the electric energy generated is used to drive the second compressor 1b of example 1 or the two-stage compressor 1 of example 2 or the first and second compressors 1a and 1b of example 3, the circulation pump I9 and the circulation pump II13, the low compression ratio refrigeration cycle is stopped, and only the third heat exchanger 3 of the high compression ratio refrigeration cycle is used as a low temperature evaporator to prepare lower temperature, higher grade chilled water supply air handling unit 12 to take on latent heat load and sensible heat load; the higher temperature cold energy stored in the cold energy/heat energy storage tank 7 is used for bearing fresh air load; the solar photovoltaic photo-thermal unit, the grading compression unit and the air conditioner energy storage/release unit work in a combined mode to realize the preparation of low-temperature cold energy and the cascade utilization of high-low-grade cold energy required by the temperature and humidity independent control air conditioning system.
When the operation is performed in the low-temperature cold energy preparation supply mode, for example, in the case that the cold energy/heat energy storage tank 7 does not store cold energy, the electric energy generated by the solar PV/T collector 10 of the solar photovoltaic photo-thermal unit is used to drive the second compressor 1b in example 1 or the two-stage compressor 1 in example 2 or the first and second compressors 1a and 1b in example 3, the circulation pump I9 and the circulation pump II13 to operate, the low-compression refrigeration cycle stops operating, the third heat exchanger 3 of the high-compression refrigeration cycle is used as a low-temperature evaporator to prepare lower-temperature, higher-grade chilled water to supply the air handling unit 12 with latent heat load and sensible heat load, and the remaining chilled water cooling amount after being once utilized by the air handling unit 12 is used to supply the fresh air handling unit 11 with higher-temperature, lower-grade cold energy to bear fresh air load via the fifth heat exchanger 14; the solar photovoltaic photo-thermal unit and the grading compression unit work in a combined mode to achieve preparation and cascade utilization of high-grade cold energy required by the temperature and humidity independent control air conditioning system.
2. The heating method under the heating working condition comprises the following steps:
The first control valve 201 and the seventh control valve are opened 207, and the second control valve 202 is closed; the third control valve 203 and the fifth control valve 205 are simultaneously opened, and the fourth control valve 204 and the sixth control valve 206 are simultaneously closed (or the third control valve 203 and the fifth control valve 205 are simultaneously closed, and the fourth control valve 204 and the sixth control valve 206 are simultaneously opened).
In embodiment 1, a first compressor 1a, a four-way reversing valve 2, a third heat exchanger 3, a first throttling component 101, a second heat exchanger 4 and a gas-liquid separator 5 are sequentially connected in series to form a heat pump cycle with a low compression ratio; the second compressor 1b, the four-way reversing valve 2, the third heat exchanger 3, the first throttling component 101, the second heat exchanger 4, the gas-liquid separator 5, the second throttling component 102 and the fourth heat exchanger 6 are sequentially connected in series to form a heat pump cycle with high compression ratio, and the cascade compression process of the compressor is realized by the heat pump cycle with low compression ratio and the heat pump cycle with high compression ratio;
in the embodiment 2, a heat pump cycle with a low compression ratio is formed by sequentially connecting a two-stage compressor 1, a four-way reversing valve 2, a third heat exchanger 3, a first throttling part 101, a second heat exchanger 4 and a gas-liquid separator 5 in series; the two-stage compressor 1, the four-way reversing valve 2, the third heat exchanger 3, the first throttling component 101, the second heat exchanger 4, the gas-liquid separator 5, the second throttling component 102 and the fourth heat exchanger 6 are sequentially connected in series to form a heat pump cycle with high compression ratio, and the cascade compression process of the compressor is realized by the heat pump cycle with low compression ratio and the heat pump cycle with high compression ratio.
In embodiment 3, a first compressor 1a, a four-way reversing valve 2, a third heat exchanger 3, a first throttling component 101, a second heat exchanger 4 and a gas-liquid separator 5 are sequentially connected in series to form a heat pump cycle with a low compression ratio; the second compressor 1b, the first compressor 1a, the four-way reversing valve 2, the third heat exchanger 3, the first throttling component 101, the second heat exchanger 4, the gas-liquid separator 5, the second throttling component 102 and the fourth heat exchanger 6 are sequentially connected in series to form a heat pump cycle with high compression ratio, and the step compression process of the compressor is realized by the heat pump cycle with low compression ratio and the heat pump cycle with high compression ratio.
The solar photovoltaic photo-thermal unit, the grading compression unit and the air conditioner energy storage/release unit work in a combined mode; the method comprises the following four operation modes of low-temperature heat energy preparation, supply, storage and release, high-temperature heat energy preparation and supply, low-temperature heat energy preparation and supply, high-temperature heat energy preparation and supply, low-temperature heat energy release and supply, high-temperature heat energy preparation and supply:
When the solar radiation intensity is high, the operation is performed according to the modes of low-temperature heat energy preparation, supply, storage and release and high-temperature heat energy preparation and supply, the cold energy/heat energy storage tank 7 is used as a high-temperature heat source, outdoor air is used as a low-temperature heat source, the solar PV/T heat collector 10 of the solar photovoltaic photo-thermal unit converts solar energy into electric energy and heat energy, the prepared electric energy is used for driving the first compressor 1a, the second compressor 1b or the two-stage compressor 1, the circulating pump I9 and the circulating pump II13 in the embodiment 1 and 3 to work, one part of the prepared heat energy is used for directly preheating fresh air, the other part of the prepared heat energy is used for heating the cold energy/heat energy storage tank 7 and converting the phase change material into latent heat for storage, the second heat exchanger 4 of the heat pump cycle of the low-compression ratio of the stage compression unit is used as a high-temperature evaporator to absorb the latent heat stored by the phase change material from the air conditioner energy storage/release unit, and the fourth heat exchanger 6 of the heat pump cycle of the high-compression ratio of the stage compression unit is used as a low-temperature evaporator to absorb air from the outdoor low-temperature environment, namely, the heat energy is used for heat energy is extracted from the low-temperature heat energy storage unit, the heat energy is used for heat energy is extracted from the low-temperature environment by the heat energy storage unit and the heat pump cycle of the high-compression ratio heat pump cycle, the heat cycle is used for heat energy is compressed by the heat energy, and the heat energy is compressed by the heat energy storage unit and the heat energy.
When the solar radiation intensity is weak, the heat pump cycle with low compression ratio stops working according to the modes of low-temperature heat energy release and supply and high-temperature heat energy preparation and supply, outdoor air is used as a low-temperature heat source, the solar PV/T heat collector 10 of the solar photovoltaic photo-thermal unit converts solar energy into electric energy and heat energy, the prepared electric energy is used for driving the second compressor 1b in the embodiment 1 or the two-stage compressor 1a and the second compressor 1b in the embodiment 2 or the circulating pump I9 and the circulating pump II in the embodiment 3 to work, all the prepared heat energy is used for directly preheating fresh air, the fourth heat exchanger 6 of the heat pump cycle with low compression ratio of the stage compression unit is used as a low-temperature evaporator for absorbing air heat energy from the outdoor low-temperature environment, the high-grade high-temperature heat energy is prepared through the single-stage compression process of the compressor and used for heating air conditioning air supply, and the solar photovoltaic photo-thermal unit, the stage compression unit and the air conditioning energy storage/release unit work in a combined mode to realize the preparation and utilization of heat energy for the air conditioner and the promotion of heat energy grade.
When no solar radiation exists, the solar heat pump operates in a mode of releasing and supplying low-temperature heat energy and preparing and supplying high-temperature heat energy, the cold energy/heat energy storage tank 7 serves as a high-temperature heat source, outdoor air serves as a low-temperature heat source, the solar PV/T heat collector 10 of the solar photovoltaic photo-thermal unit stops working, the prepared electric energy is used for driving the first compressor 1a, the second compressor 1b or the two-stage compressor 1, the circulating pump I9 and the circulating pump II13 in the embodiment 1 and 3 to work, the heat energy stored by the phase-change material of the cold energy/heat energy storage tank 7 is released, part of the heat energy is used for directly preheating fresh air, the other part of the heat energy serves as a high-temperature heat source, the second heat exchanger 4 of the low-compression heat pump cycle of the stage compression unit serves as a high-temperature evaporator to absorb the heat energy stored by the phase-change material from the air conditioning energy storage/release unit, meanwhile, the fourth heat exchanger 6 of the low-compression heat pump cycle of the stage compression unit serves as a low-temperature evaporator to absorb air heat energy from the outdoor low-temperature environment, the heat energy stored by the low-compression heat pump cycle and the high-compression heat pump cycle of the low-compression ratio and the high-temperature compression unit is used for cascade heat energy and heat energy release, the heat energy is realized by the heat energy storage and the heat energy is used for cascade air conditioning and the heat energy release and the heat energy storage and the heat energy is realized.
When no solar radiation exists and the phase change material of the cold energy/heat energy storage tank has no latent heat storage, the operation is performed according to a high-temperature heat energy preparation and supply mode, outdoor air is used as a low-temperature heat source, the heat pump cycle with low compression ratio stops working, the third heat exchanger 3 of the heat pump cycle with high compression ratio is used as a condenser to prepare a high-temperature heat energy, the higher Gao Pin hot water is supplied to the air treatment unit 12 to bear the heat supply load of an air conditioner, and the rest hot water heat energy after being once utilized by the air treatment unit 12 is used for providing lower-temperature and lower-grade heat energy for the fresh air unit 11 through the fifth heat exchanger 14 for preheating fresh air; the solar photovoltaic photo-thermal unit and the graded compression unit work in a combined mode to achieve preparation and cascade utilization of heat energy for air conditioner heat supply, low-temperature heat energy extraction and low-temperature heat energy grade improvement.
The working principle of the scheme is as follows:
1. Refrigeration mode
The solar photovoltaic photo-thermal unit only provides electric energy, the first control valve 201 and the seventh control valve are closed 207, and the second control valve is opened 202; the third control valve 203 and the fifth control valve 205 are simultaneously opened, the fourth control valve 204 and the sixth control valve 206 are simultaneously closed (or the third control valve 203 and the fifth control valve 205 are simultaneously closed, and the fourth control valve 204 and the sixth control valve 206 are simultaneously opened);
In embodiment 1, the high-temperature and high-pressure gaseous refrigerant after adiabatic compression by the first compressor 1a and the second compressor 1b enters the fourth heat exchanger 6 through the four-way reversing valve 2 to perform isobaric heat release, becomes the medium-temperature and high-pressure liquid refrigerant after adiabatic throttling by the third throttling component 103, and enters the second heat exchanger 4, a part of the liquid refrigerant absorbs the latent heat of the phase change material in the cold energy/heat energy storage tank 7 to prepare high-temperature and low-grade cold energy, becomes the medium-temperature and medium-pressure gaseous refrigerant, enters the gas-liquid separator 5 together with the liquid refrigerant without heat absorption, enters the medium-pressure and low-temperature air suction port of the first compressor 1a through the medium-pressure air suction port in the gas-liquid separator 5 to complete the low-pressure ratio compression refrigeration cycle, and the medium-temperature and medium-pressure liquid refrigerant in the gas-liquid separator 5 flows out of the liquid pipeline to become the low-temperature and low-pressure liquid refrigerant after throttling by the fourth throttling component 104, enters the third heat exchanger 3 to perform heat absorption, and enters the high-temperature and low-pressure air suction port of the gas-liquid refrigerant to complete the four-way reversing valve 1.
In embodiment 2, the high-temperature and high-pressure gaseous refrigerant after adiabatic compression by the two-stage compressor 1 enters the fourth heat exchanger 6 through the four-way reversing valve 2 to perform isobaric heat release, becomes the medium-temperature and high-pressure liquid refrigerant, and becomes the medium-temperature and medium-pressure liquid refrigerant after adiabatic throttling by the third throttling component 103, the medium-temperature and medium-pressure liquid refrigerant enters the second heat exchanger 4, a part of the liquid refrigerant isobarically absorbs the latent heat of the phase change material in the cold energy/heat energy storage tank 7 to prepare high-temperature and low-grade cold energy, becomes the medium-temperature and medium-pressure gaseous refrigerant, enters the gas-liquid separator 5 together with the liquid refrigerant without heat absorption, enters the medium-pressure air suction port of the two-stage compressor 1 through the gas discharge pipeline in the gas-liquid separator 5 to complete the low-pressure ratio compression refrigeration cycle, and the medium-temperature and medium-pressure liquid refrigerant in the gas-liquid separator 5 flows out from the liquid pipeline, becomes the low-temperature and low-pressure liquid refrigerant after being throttled by the fourth throttling component 104, enters the third heat exchanger 3 to perform isobaric heat absorption, and the low-temperature and low-grade cold energy is obtained, and enters the two-stage compressor 1 through the two-stage reversing valve to complete the low-pressure and high-pressure refrigerant circulation.
In embodiment 3, the high-temperature and high-pressure gaseous refrigerant after adiabatic compression by the first compressor 1a enters the fourth heat exchanger 6 through the four-way reversing valve 2 to perform isobaric heat release, becomes the medium-temperature and high-pressure liquid refrigerant, and becomes the medium-temperature and medium-pressure liquid refrigerant after adiabatic throttling by the third throttling component 103, the medium-temperature and medium-pressure liquid refrigerant enters the second heat exchanger 4, a part of the liquid refrigerant absorbs the latent heat of the phase change material in the cold energy/heat energy storage tank 7 to prepare high-temperature and low-grade cold energy, becomes the medium-temperature and medium-pressure gaseous refrigerant, enters the gas-liquid separator 5 together with the liquid refrigerant without heat absorption, enters the medium-pressure and medium-pressure refrigerant through the medium-pressure air suction port of the gas-liquid separator 5 to complete low-pressure ratio compression refrigeration cycle, and the medium-temperature and medium-pressure liquid refrigerant in the gas-liquid separator 5 flows out of the liquid pipeline through the medium-pressure air suction port of the fourth throttling component 104 to become the low-temperature and low-pressure liquid refrigerant after adiabatic throttling, and enters the third heat exchanger 3 to perform high-temperature and medium-pressure air-pressure refrigerant, and enters the gas-liquid refrigerant 1 through the four-way reversing valve 1a to complete the low-pressure and medium-pressure refrigerant cycle, and the medium-pressure refrigerant enters the gas-pressure heat exchanger 1 to perform high-pressure compression cycle, and the medium-pressure air-pressure and the medium-pressure refrigerant after heat recovery, and the medium-pressure refrigerant is compressed by the medium pressure and high-pressure and high pressure refrigerant.
The phase change material in the cold energy/heat energy storage tank 7 releases heat through the second heat exchanger 4 to store the cold energy with high temperature and low grade, and then releases the stored cold energy to the circulating water in the solar photovoltaic photo-thermal unit through the first heat exchanger 8.
When the cold energy/heat energy storage tank 7 does not store cold energy, the refrigeration cycle with low compression ratio stops working, the chilled water from the air handling unit 12 enters the fifth heat exchanger 14 through the sixth control valve 206 to absorb heat, the chilled water after absorbing heat enters the third heat exchanger 3 to perform isobaric heat release, the circulating water from the fresh air handling unit 11 enters the fifth heat exchanger 14 through the fourth control valve 204 to perform heat release, and the circulating water after releasing heat continues to precool fresh air.
Circulating water in the solar photovoltaic photo-thermal unit is released into cold water in the first heat exchanger 8, pressurized by the circulating pump I9, enters the fresh air unit 11 to pre-cool fresh air through the second control valve 202, and enters the first heat exchanger 8 through the third control valve 203 or the fourth control valve 204 to complete circulation.
After the low-temperature chilled water released by the third heat exchanger 3 is pressurized by the circulating pump II 13, the chilled water enters the air treatment unit 12 to cool the air, and the chilled water after heat exchange enters the third heat exchanger 3 through the fifth control valve 205 or the sixth control valve 206 to complete circulation.
The cold energy of different evaporating temperatures is prepared through the second heat exchanger 4 and the third heat exchanger 3 respectively to meet the cold energy of the cold accumulation process of the cold energy/heat energy storage tank 7 and the cold supply requirement of the air treatment unit 12, so that different grade cold energy is provided for the air conditioning system for independently controlling the temperature and the humidity of the building air conditioner, and the separate treatment of the latent heat load and the sensible heat load of the building is realized.
2. Heating mode
The first control valve 201 and the seventh control valve 207 are opened, and the second control valve 202 is closed; the third control valve 203 and the fifth control valve 205 are simultaneously opened, and the fourth control valve 204 and the sixth control valve 206 are simultaneously closed (or the third control valve 203 and the fifth control valve 205 are simultaneously closed, and the fourth control valve 204 and the sixth control valve 206 are simultaneously opened).
In embodiment 1, the high-temperature and high-pressure gaseous refrigerant after adiabatic compression in the first compressor 1a and the second compressor 1b enters the third heat exchanger 3 through the four-way reversing valve 2 to perform isobaric heat release to prepare high-temperature and high-grade heat energy, the high-temperature and high-pressure liquid refrigerant after heat release becomes a medium-temperature and medium-pressure liquid refrigerant after adiabatic throttling by the first throttling part 101, a part of the medium-temperature and medium-pressure liquid refrigerant is subjected to the medium-temperature and medium-pressure gas refrigerant after the medium-pressure absorption of the heat energy stored in the cold energy/heat energy storage tank 7 in the second heat exchanger 4 becomes a medium-temperature and medium-pressure gaseous refrigerant, and the medium-temperature and medium-pressure gaseous refrigerant enters the gas-liquid separator 5, the medium-temperature medium-pressure gaseous refrigerant enters the first compressor 1a from the gas discharge pipeline of the gas-liquid separator 5 to complete the heat pump cycle with low compression ratio, the other part of medium-temperature medium-pressure liquid refrigerant enters the gas-liquid separator 5 from the second heat exchanger 4, the medium-temperature medium-pressure liquid refrigerant is changed into low-temperature low-pressure liquid refrigerant from the liquid outlet of the gas-liquid separator 5 through the heat insulation and throttling of the second throttling part 102, the low-temperature low-pressure liquid refrigerant enters the fourth heat exchanger 6 to perform isobaric heat absorption to become low-temperature low-pressure gaseous refrigerant, and the low-pressure liquid refrigerant enters the low-pressure air suction port of the second compressor 1b through the four-way reversing valve 2 to complete the heat pump cycle with high compression ratio. The second heat exchanger 4 is used as a high-temperature heat source, and the fourth heat exchanger 6 is used as a low-temperature heat source, so that the preparation and cascade utilization of heat energy for air conditioner heat supply, the extraction of low-temperature heat energy and the grade improvement of low-temperature heat energy are realized.
In embodiment 2, the high-temperature high-pressure gaseous refrigerant after adiabatic compression in the two-stage compressor 1 enters the third heat exchanger 3 through the four-way reversing valve 2 to perform isobaric heat release to prepare high-temperature high-grade heat energy, the heat release becomes high-temperature high-pressure liquid refrigerant, the heat release becomes medium-temperature low-pressure liquid refrigerant after adiabatic throttling through the first throttling part 101, a part of the medium-temperature low-pressure liquid refrigerant enters the gas-liquid separator 5 after the heat energy stored in the cold energy/heat energy storage tank 7 is absorbed by the second heat exchanger 4 at equal pressure, the medium-temperature medium-pressure gaseous refrigerant enters the medium-temperature low-pressure gas-state heat exchanger 6 from the medium-pressure air suction port of the two-stage compressor 1 to complete the heat pump cycle with low compression ratio, the other part of the medium-temperature medium-pressure liquid refrigerant enters the gas-liquid separator 5 from the liquid outlet of the gas-liquid separator 5 through the second throttling part 102 to become low-temperature low-pressure liquid refrigerant, the low-temperature low-pressure liquid refrigerant enters the fourth heat exchanger 6 to perform the isobaric heat release, and the low-pressure liquid refrigerant enters the four-stage compressor 1 through the four-way reversing valve to complete the heat pump cycle with low compression ratio. The second heat exchanger 4 is used as a high-temperature heat source, and the fourth heat exchanger 6 is used as a low-temperature heat source, so that the preparation and cascade utilization of heat energy for air conditioner heat supply, the extraction of low-temperature heat energy and the grade improvement of low-temperature heat energy are realized.
In embodiment 3, the high-temperature and high-pressure gaseous refrigerant after adiabatic compression in the first compressor 1a enters the third heat exchanger 3 through the four-way reversing valve 2 to perform isobaric heat release to prepare high-temperature and high-grade heat energy, the heat release becomes high-temperature and high-pressure liquid refrigerant, the liquid refrigerant becomes medium-temperature and medium-pressure liquid refrigerant after adiabatic throttling by the first throttling part 101, part of the medium-temperature and medium-pressure liquid refrigerant is subjected to the heat energy stored in the medium-pressure cold energy/heat energy absorption storage tank 7 in the second heat exchanger 4 to become medium-temperature and medium-pressure gaseous refrigerant, the medium-temperature and medium-pressure gaseous refrigerant enters the gas-liquid separator 5 from the gas discharge pipeline of the gas-liquid separator 5 to enter the first compressor 1a to complete the heat pump cycle with low compression ratio, the other part of medium-temperature medium-pressure liquid refrigerant enters the gas-liquid separator 5 from the second heat exchanger 4, the medium-temperature medium-pressure liquid refrigerant is changed into low-temperature low-pressure liquid refrigerant from the liquid outlet of the gas-liquid separator 5 through the second throttling part 102 in a heat-insulating throttling way, the low-temperature low-pressure liquid refrigerant enters the fourth heat exchanger 6 to perform isobaric heat absorption, and is changed into low-temperature low-pressure gaseous refrigerant, the low-temperature low-pressure gaseous refrigerant enters the low-pressure air suction port of the second compressor 1b through the four-way reversing valve 2, the medium-temperature medium-pressure gaseous refrigerant is subjected to heat-insulating compression, and the low-pressure gaseous refrigerant enters the first compressor 1a together with the medium-temperature medium-pressure gaseous refrigerant from the gas-liquid separator 5 to complete the low-pressure ratio compression refrigeration cycle. The second heat exchanger 4 is used as a high-temperature heat source, and the fourth heat exchanger 6 is used as a low-temperature heat source, so that the preparation and cascade utilization of heat energy for air conditioner heat supply, the extraction of low-temperature heat energy and the grade improvement of low-temperature heat energy are realized.
The solar PV/T heat collector 10 of the solar photovoltaic photo-thermal unit converts solar energy into electric energy and heat energy, circulating water of the solar photovoltaic photo-thermal unit absorbs heat from the solar PV/T heat collector 10, enters the fresh air unit 11 through the seventh control valve 207 to preheat fresh air, enters the first heat exchanger 8 through the third control valve 203 or the fourth control valve 204 to continuously release heat, and enters the solar PV/T heat collector 10 through the first control valve 201 to absorb solar energy again after the released circulating water is pressurized through the circulating pump I9 to complete circulation.
When no solar radiation exists and the phase change material of the cold energy/heat energy storage tank 7 has no latent heat storage, hot water from the air handling unit 12 enters the fifth heat exchanger 14 through the sixth control valve 206 to release heat, the released hot water enters the third heat exchanger 3 to perform isobaric heat absorption, circulating water from the fresh air unit 11 enters the fifth heat exchanger 14 to perform heat absorption through the fourth control valve 204, and the circulating water after heat absorption continues to preheat fresh air.
The phase change material in the cold energy/heat energy storage tank 7 absorbs the heat released by the circulating water of the solar photovoltaic photo-thermal unit from the first heat exchanger 8 to store heat, and then releases the stored heat to the refrigerant of the staged compression unit through the second heat exchanger 4.
After the high-temperature hot water absorbed by the third heat exchanger 3 is pressurized by the circulating pump II 13, the hot water enters the air treatment unit 12 to heat the air, and the hot water after heat exchange enters the third heat exchanger 3 through the fifth control valve 205 or the sixth control valve 206 to complete circulation.
The present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, but is capable of modification and variation in all aspects, including those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A hierarchical compression refrigeration/heating system for independent air conditioner of humiture, its characterized in that: the system comprises a solar photovoltaic photo-thermal unit, an energy storage/release unit and a hierarchical compression unit, wherein a water channel of the solar photovoltaic photo-thermal unit is connected with an inlet and an outlet of a water channel of a fresh air unit to form a first water circulation channel, the first water circulation channel is used for realizing heat exchange with the fresh air channel of the fresh air unit, a water channel of a third heat exchanger of the hierarchical compression unit and the water channel of an air treatment unit form a second water circulation channel, and the second water circulation channel is used for realizing heat exchange with the air channel of the air treatment unit;
The energy storage/release unit comprises a cold energy/heat energy storage tank, a first heat exchanger and a second heat exchanger, wherein the first heat exchanger and the second heat exchanger are positioned in the cold energy/heat energy storage tank, the first heat exchanger is connected with the solar photovoltaic photo-thermal unit, and the second heat exchanger is connected with the staged compression unit and is used for realizing energy transmission and energy storage of the solar photovoltaic photo-thermal unit and the staged compression unit;
The heat exchange device comprises a first water circulation channel, a second water circulation channel, a third heat exchanger, a fourth heat exchanger, a fifth heat exchanger, a first heat exchange channel and a second heat exchange channel, wherein the first heat exchange channel and the second heat exchange channel can realize heat exchange;
The water channel outlet of the fresh air handling unit is divided into two branches, wherein a first branch is connected with the first heat exchanger through a third control valve, the other branch is connected with the first heat exchange channel through a fourth control valve, the water channel outlet of the air handling unit is divided into two branches, one branch is connected with one end of the water channel of the third heat exchanger through a fifth control valve, and the other branch is connected with the second heat exchange channel through a sixth control valve; the fresh air channel of the fresh air unit discharges fresh air and return air into the air channel of the air processing unit, and discharges air supply from the air channel outlet of the air processing unit;
The solar photovoltaic photo-thermal unit further comprises a solar heat collector, wherein a water channel inlet of the solar heat collector is connected with one branch of a first heat exchanger outlet through a first control valve, and the other branch of the first heat exchanger outlet is connected with a water channel inlet of a fresh air unit through a second control valve;
The staged compression unit further comprises a compressor, a four-way reversing valve, a gas-liquid separator and a fourth heat exchanger, wherein the four-way reversing valve is provided with four ports, a first port is a high-pressure air inlet, the first port is connected with a high-pressure air outlet of the compressor, a fourth port is a low-pressure air outlet, the fourth port is connected with a low-pressure air inlet of the compressor, a third port is connected with one port of a refrigerant channel of the third heat exchanger, the other port of the refrigerant channel of the third heat exchanger is divided into two branches, a first branch is connected with an inlet of a first throttling part, an outlet of the first throttling part is connected with an inlet of a second heat exchanger, a second branch is connected with an outlet of the fourth throttling part, an inlet of the fourth throttling part is connected with a bottom liquid outlet of the gas-liquid separator, an outlet of the second heat exchanger is connected with an inlet of the gas-liquid separator, and a top gas outlet of the gas-liquid separator is connected with a middle-pressure air suction port of the compressor;
One port of the refrigerant channel of the fourth heat exchanger is connected with the second port of the four-way reversing valve, the other port of the refrigerant channel of the fourth heat exchanger is divided into two branches, one branch is connected with the inlet of the second heat exchanger through a third throttling component, the other branch is connected with the outlet of the second throttling component, and the inlet of the second throttling component is connected with the bottom liquid outlet of the gas-liquid separator.
2. The staged compression refrigeration/heating system for temperature and humidity independent air conditioning of claim 1, wherein:
The compressor is a two-stage compressor, the high-pressure exhaust port of the compressor is connected with the high-pressure air inlet of the four-way reversing valve, the low-pressure air suction port of the compressor is connected with the low-pressure exhaust port of the four-way reversing valve, and the medium-pressure air suction port of the compressor is connected with the top air outlet of the gas-liquid separator.
3. The staged compression refrigeration/heating system for temperature and humidity independent air conditioning of claim 1, wherein:
The compressor comprises a first compressor and a second compressor, wherein an air suction port of the first compressor is connected with an air discharge port of the second compressor, a high-pressure air discharge port of the first compressor is connected with a high-pressure air inlet of the four-way reversing valve, a low-pressure air suction port of the second compressor is connected with a low-pressure air discharge port of the four-way reversing valve, and a top air discharge port of the gas-liquid separator is connected with a connecting pipeline between the first compressor and the second compressor.
4. The staged compression refrigeration/heating system for temperature and humidity independent air conditioning of claim 1, wherein:
the compressor comprises a first compressor and a second compressor, outlets of the first compressor and the second compressor are connected with a high-pressure air inlet of the four-way reversing valve, a low-pressure air outlet of the four-way reversing valve is connected with a low-pressure air suction port of the second compressor, and a top air outlet of the gas-liquid separator is connected with a medium-pressure air suction port of the first compressor.
5. The staged compression refrigeration/heating system for temperature and humidity independent air conditioning of claim 1, wherein: the solar heat collector adopts a solar PV/T heat collector for absorbing solar energy and converting the solar energy into electric energy and heat energy, providing heat energy for a fresh air unit for heating fresh air, and also providing heat energy for heating phase-change materials of an energy storage/release unit to realize heat energy storage, wherein the prepared electric energy is used for driving a compressor and a circulating pump to work.
6. The control method of a stage compression refrigeration/heating system for a temperature and humidity independent air conditioner according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized by: the solar photovoltaic photo-thermal unit, the staged compression unit and the air conditioner energy storage/release unit are operated in a combined mode or an independent mode according to a refrigerating working condition or a heating working condition;
the specific steps of the refrigeration mode are as follows:
when the system operates in a low-temperature cold energy preparation supply mode and a high-temperature cold energy preparation storage and release supply mode, the staged compression unit simultaneously supplies cold energy to the cold energy/heat energy storage tank and the air treatment unit under the condition of night low-valley electricity, the cold energy/heat energy storage tank provides low-grade cold energy for the fresh air unit to treat fresh air load, and the dual-temperature evaporation temperature of the second heat exchanger and the third heat exchanger respectively provides higher-temperature cold energy required by the phase change material cold accumulation process of the cold energy/heat energy storage tank and lower-temperature cold energy required by the air treatment unit to treat wet load of wet air; the third heat exchanger of the refrigeration cycle with high compression ratio is used as a low-temperature evaporator to prepare lower-temperature and higher-grade cold energy to supply the air processing unit with latent heat load and sensible heat load, and the second heat exchanger of the refrigeration cycle with low compression ratio is used as a high-temperature evaporator to prepare higher-temperature and lower-grade cold energy, so that the cold energy is stored in a cold energy/heat energy storage tank and is supplied to a fresh air unit to bear fresh air load;
When the system is operated in a low-temperature cold energy preparation and supply mode and a high-temperature cold energy preparation and storage mode, under the condition of daytime peak electricity, the electric energy prepared by the solar PV/T heat collector is used for driving the compressor and the circulating pump to work, the third heat exchanger of the refrigeration cycle with high compression ratio is used as a low-temperature evaporator to prepare low-temperature and high-grade chilled water to be supplied to the air treatment unit for bearing latent heat load and sensible heat load, and the cold energy of the chilled water once utilized by the air treatment unit is used for providing high-temperature and low-grade cold energy for the fresh air unit through the fifth heat exchanger for bearing fresh air load; the second heat exchanger of the refrigeration cycle with low compression ratio is used as a high-temperature evaporator to prepare cold energy with higher temperature and lower grade and fully stores the cold energy in the cold energy/heat energy storage tank;
When the solar energy PV/T heat collector is operated in a low-temperature cold energy preparation supply mode and a high-temperature cold energy release supply mode, under the condition of daytime peak electricity, the electric energy prepared by the solar energy PV/T heat collector is used for driving a compressor and a circulating pump to work, the refrigeration cycle with a low compression ratio stops working, and only the third heat exchanger of the refrigeration cycle with a high compression ratio is used as a low-temperature evaporator to prepare lower-temperature and higher-grade chilled water to supply an air treatment unit to bear latent heat load and sensible heat load; the higher-temperature cold energy stored in the cold energy/heat energy storage tank is used for bearing fresh air load;
When the solar energy/heat energy storage tank does not store cold energy, the electric energy produced by the solar energy PV/T heat collector is used for driving the compressor and the circulating pump to work, the refrigeration cycle with low compression ratio stops working, the third heat exchanger of the refrigeration cycle with high compression ratio is used as a low-temperature evaporator to produce lower-temperature higher-grade chilled water to supply the air treatment unit to bear latent heat load and sensible heat load, and the rest chilled water cooling capacity after being once utilized by the air treatment unit is used for providing higher-temperature lower-grade cold energy for the fresh air unit to bear fresh air load through the fifth heat exchanger;
the specific steps of the heating mode are as follows:
when the solar radiation intensity is high, the system operates in a low-temperature heat energy preparation, supply, storage and release mode and a high-temperature heat energy preparation and supply mode, wherein the cold energy/heat energy storage tank is used as a high-temperature heat source, outdoor air is used as a low-temperature heat source, the solar PV/T heat collector converts solar energy into electric energy and heat energy, the prepared electric energy is used for driving the compressor and the circulating pump to work, a part of the prepared heat energy is used for directly preheating fresh air, the other part of the prepared heat energy is used for heating the cold energy/heat energy storage tank phase-change material and converting the heat energy into latent heat for storage, the second heat exchanger of the heat pump cycle with the low compression ratio of the stage compression unit is used as a high-temperature evaporator to absorb the latent heat stored by the phase-change material from the energy storage/release unit, and the fourth heat exchanger of the heat pump cycle with the high compression ratio of the stage compression unit is used as a low-temperature evaporator to absorb air heat energy from the outdoor low-temperature environment;
When the solar radiation intensity is weak, the heat pump cycle with low compression ratio is operated according to the modes of low-temperature heat energy release and supply and high-temperature heat energy preparation and supply, outdoor air is used as a low-temperature heat source, the solar energy is converted into electric energy and heat energy by the solar PV/T heat collector, the prepared electric energy is used for driving the compressor and the circulating pump to work, all the prepared heat energy is used for directly preheating fresh air, the fourth heat exchanger of the heat pump cycle with high compression ratio of the grading pressure unit is used as a low-temperature evaporator to absorb air heat energy from the outdoor low-temperature environment, and high-grade high-temperature heat energy is prepared through the single-stage compression process of the compressor and used for heating air conditioner air supply;
When no solar radiation exists, the system operates in a mode of low-temperature heat energy release and supply and high-temperature heat energy preparation and supply, a cold energy/heat energy storage tank is used as a high-temperature heat source, outdoor air is used as a low-temperature heat source, a solar PV/T collector stops working, the prepared electric energy is used for driving a compressor and a circulating pump to work, heat energy stored by a phase-change material of the cold energy/heat energy storage tank is released, part of the heat energy is used for directly preheating fresh air, the other part of the heat energy is used as a high-temperature heat source, a second heat exchanger of a heat pump cycle with a low compression ratio of a stage compression unit is used as a high-temperature evaporator for absorbing latent heat stored by the phase-change material from the energy storage/release unit, a fourth heat exchanger of the heat pump cycle with the low compression ratio of the stage compression unit is used as a low-temperature evaporator for absorbing air heat energy from an outdoor low-temperature environment, heat energy absorbed by the heat pump cycle with the low compression ratio and the heat pump cycle with the high compression ratio is used for heating air conditioner air supply through a stage compression process of the compressor;
When no solar radiation exists and the phase change material of the cold energy/heat energy storage tank does not store latent heat, the phase change material operates in a high-temperature heat energy preparation and supply mode, outdoor air serves as a low-temperature heat source, the low-compression-ratio heat pump cycle stops working, the third heat exchanger of the high-compression-ratio heat pump cycle serves as a condenser to prepare a high-temperature hot water, the higher Gao Pin hot water is supplied to the air treatment unit to bear an air conditioning heat supply load, and the rest hot water heat energy after being once utilized by the air treatment unit is used for providing lower-temperature and lower-grade heat energy for the fresh air unit through the fifth heat exchanger to preheat fresh air.
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