CN116000265A - Freezing sand casting forming method based on semi-solid forming technology - Google Patents
Freezing sand casting forming method based on semi-solid forming technology Download PDFInfo
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- CN116000265A CN116000265A CN202211383264.0A CN202211383264A CN116000265A CN 116000265 A CN116000265 A CN 116000265A CN 202211383264 A CN202211383264 A CN 202211383264A CN 116000265 A CN116000265 A CN 116000265A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of sand casting, in particular to a frozen sand casting forming method based on a semi-solid forming technology, which is applied to semi-solid forming of aluminum alloy and comprises the following steps: casting molding sand is selected, the molding sand and water are frozen and solidified to obtain frozen sand blanks, and the frozen sand blanks are cut into sand mould units; assembling the sand mould unit in a freezing environment; and (3) carrying out aluminum alloy smelting in a freezing sand mould crucible heat preservation furnace, carrying the formed liquid aluminum alloy melt into a freezing sand mould, forming semi-solid slurry under the strong chilling action of the casting mold freezing sand mould, and rapidly cooling, solidifying and forming the semi-solid slurry in the sand mould. The viscosity of the semi-solid aluminum alloy slurry prepared by the method is higher than that of liquid metal, the structure is uniform, the adhesion with a sand mould can be reduced, the hydrogen evolution phenomenon is reduced, the air holes generated in a workpiece are avoided, the high-strength high-quality aluminum alloy casting can be prepared, the material consumption is reduced, the processing time is saved, the production efficiency is improved, and the product performance is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of sand casting, in particular to a frozen sand casting forming method based on a semi-solid forming technology.
Background
The frozen sand mould is obtained by taking quartz sand or non-quartz sand as a material and adding water as a binder of the quartz sand or the non-quartz sand (generally, freezing below-20 ℃ and finishing cutting below zero); then pouring the metal solution on the sand mould, and obtaining the casting after cooling and solidifying the metal solution, thus being a green casting process. By adopting the traditional liquid forming technology, the casting temperature of the aluminum alloy is generally 700-740 ℃, and for the freezing sand casting forming technology, the higher the casting temperature is, the more easily the phenomena of hydrogen evolution and oxygen absorption of the metal solution are caused, so that the air holes of the workpiece are caused, and the mechanical property of the workpiece is affected.
Semi-solid forming technology is one of 21 st century metal material processing technology, and is characterized by the coexistence of metal (alloy) solid-liquid phase mixture, and the existence of metal liquid at grain boundaries. According to different solid phase fractions, the state of the semi-solid slurry is different, and the semi-solid slurry has two major types of rheological property and thixotropic property. The deformation resistance is very small, the component can be formed at a higher speed, complex piece forming can be performed, the processing period is shortened, the material utilization rate is improved, energy conservation and material saving are facilitated, the cost is reduced, and continuous high-speed forming can be performed. The initial semi-solid forming temperature of the aluminum alloy is about 600 ℃ generally, and is obviously reduced compared with the liquid forming temperature. At present, no frozen sand mold is applied to the semi-solid forming of aluminum alloy.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a frozen sand casting forming method based on a semi-solid forming technology.
The technical scheme for realizing the aim of the invention is as follows: a frozen sand casting forming method based on semi-solid forming technology, the method being applied to semi-solid forming of aluminum alloy, the method having the steps of:
s1, selecting proper casting sand types according to the characteristics of castings, uniformly mixing the molding sand and water according to a proportion, filling the mixture into a sand box, and putting the sand box in a freezing environment for freezing and solidifying;
s2, after the molding sand is frozen and solidified, obtaining a sand blank, and placing the sand blank on a processing platform for standby;
s3, cutting the sand blank into a required sand mold and a required sand core unit through processing equipment in a freezing environment;
s4, under a freezing environment, integrally assembling the sand mold and the sand core unit to form a frozen sand mold;
s5, fixing the frozen sand mould on a casting mould fixing platform;
s6, aluminum alloy smelting is carried out in a crucible heat preservation furnace to form a liquid aluminum alloy melt;
s7, introducing inert gas above the liquid aluminum alloy melt in the closed crucible, and lifting the aluminum alloy melt through a liquid lifting pipe immersed in the crucible;
s8, the aluminum alloy melt is brought into a frozen sand mold through a lifting pipe under the action of inert gas pressure, and semi-solid slurry with fine spherical structures is formed under the strong chilling action of the frozen sand mold;
s9, the semi-solid slurry is rapidly cooled, solidified and formed in a frozen sand mold, the frozen sand mold absorbs heat and automatically melts and shakes out, and then the casting is obtained, and molding sand is recycled.
In the above-mentioned technical scheme S1, the molding sand is 100 mesh quartz sand for casting.
In the above technical solution S1, the solidification by freezing is performed by placing the molding sand in a freezer at-20 ℃.
In the above-mentioned technical scheme S1, the ratio of molding sand to water is 100:4.
In the above-mentioned aspect S2, the sand blank is a preform having a predetermined shape, and is cut into a mold.
According to the technical scheme, the bottom of the casting mold fixing platform is provided with the ultrasonic vibration system, so that after a casting is finished, the casting mold fixing platform is vibrated to clean waste yarns on the surface of the casting; and driving a stirring rod in the liquid lifting pipe to stir the semi-solid slurry.
In the above technical scheme S6, the temperature of the aluminum alloy melting is 50-80 ℃ above the liquidus line of the alloy.
In the above technical scheme S7, the inert gas is argon of 0.01-0.05 Mpa.
In the above technical scheme S8, the frozen sand mold temperature is-15 ℃ or lower.
In the above technical solution S9, the sand recycling is to place the waste sand under room temperature or one of two environments of heating, and recover the waste sand after evaporating the surface solution.
After the technical scheme is adopted, the invention has the following positive effects:
the invention provides a freezing sand mould low-pressure casting forming method based on a semi-solid forming technology, which is characterized in that the casting temperature of semi-solid aluminum alloy is lower than the casting temperature of traditional liquid metal, and meanwhile, the viscosity of the semi-solid aluminum alloy slurry prepared by the method is higher than that of the liquid metal, and the structure is uniform, so that the adhesion with a sand mould can be reduced, the hydrogen evolution phenomenon is reduced, the air holes generated in a workpiece are avoided, the high-strength high-quality aluminum alloy casting can be prepared, the material consumption is reduced, the processing time is saved, the production efficiency is improved, and the product performance is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a mold fixing platform according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a color temperature filling chart for one view angle at a sand mold temperature of 20 degrees and a casting temperature of 730 degrees;
FIG. 3 is a color temperature filling chart of another view angle at a sand mold temperature of 20 degrees and a casting temperature of 730 degrees;
FIG. 4 is a graph of shrinkage cavity formation at a view angle of 20℃for a sand mold and 730℃for a casting temperature;
FIG. 5 is a shrinkage cavity formation graph at another view angle at a sand mold temperature of 20 degrees and a casting temperature of 730 degrees;
FIG. 6 is a color temperature filling chart for a view angle with a casting temperature of 630 degrees and a sand mold of 1 degree;
FIG. 7 is a color temperature fill diagram for another view angle with a casting temperature of 630 degrees and a sand mold of 1 degree;
FIG. 8 is a plot of the liquidus profile for a view angle with a casting temperature of 630 degrees and a sand mold of 1 degree;
FIG. 9 is a plot of the liquidus profile for another view of a sand mold at a casting temperature of 630 degrees and a sand mold at 1 degree;
FIG. 10 is a graph of fluid velocity for a view of a sand mold at 630 degrees casting temperature and 1 degree;
FIG. 11 is a drawing of a hole forming pattern for a view angle with a casting temperature of 630 degrees and a sand mold of 1 degree;
fig. 12 is a hole forming diagram for another view of a sand mold at a casting temperature of 630 degrees and a sand mold at 1 degree.
In the figure: mould 1, sealed lid 2, crucible 3, aluminum alloy solution 4, lift tube 5, ultrasonic vibration system 6, stirring rod 7.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments of the present invention. The components of the embodiments of the present invention generally described and illustrated in the figures herein may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations.
Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the invention, as presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
It should be noted that: like reference numerals and letters denote like items in the following figures, and thus once an item is defined in one figure, no further definition or explanation thereof is necessary in the following figures.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, directions or positional relationships indicated by terms such as "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc., are directions or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, or those that are conventionally put in use of the inventive product, are merely for convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the apparatus or elements referred to must have a specific direction, be configured and operated in a specific direction, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," "third," and the like are used merely to distinguish between descriptions and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
Furthermore, the terms "horizontal," "vertical," "overhang," and the like do not denote a requirement that the component be absolutely horizontal or overhang, but rather may be slightly inclined. As "horizontal" merely means that its direction is more horizontal than "vertical", and does not mean that the structure must be perfectly horizontal, but may be slightly inclined.
In the description of the present invention, it should also be noted that, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "disposed," "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communication between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention will be understood in specific cases by those of ordinary skill in the art.
Referring to fig. 1 to 12, the present invention provides a frozen sand casting forming method based on semi-solid forming technology, the method being applied to semi-solid forming of aluminum alloy, the method having the steps of:
s1, selecting proper casting sand types according to the characteristics of castings, uniformly mixing the molding sand and water according to a proportion, filling the mixture into a sand box, and putting the sand box in a freezing environment for freezing and solidifying;
s2, after the molding sand is frozen and solidified, obtaining a sand blank, and placing the sand blank on a processing platform for standby;
s3, cutting the sand blank into a required sand mold and a required sand core unit through processing equipment in a freezing environment;
s4, under a freezing environment, integrally assembling the sand mold and the sand core unit to form a frozen sand mold;
s5, fixing the frozen sand mould on a casting mould fixing platform;
s6, smelting aluminum alloy in a crucible heat preservation furnace to form a liquid aluminum alloy melt, wherein ZL114A is adopted for the aluminum alloy;
s7, introducing inert gas above the liquid aluminum alloy melt in the closed crucible, and lifting the aluminum alloy melt through a liquid lifting pipe immersed in the crucible;
s8, the aluminum alloy melt is brought into a frozen sand mold through a lifting pipe under the action of inert gas pressure, and semi-solid slurry with fine spherical structures is formed under the strong chilling action of the frozen sand mold;
s9, the semi-solid slurry is rapidly cooled, solidified and formed in a frozen sand mold, the frozen sand mold absorbs heat and automatically melts and shakes out, and then the casting is obtained, and molding sand is recycled.
In S1, the molding sand is 100-mesh quartz sand for casting.
In S1, the freezing solidification is to place molding sand in a freezer at the temperature of minus 20 ℃.
In S1, the ratio of molding sand to water is 100:4.
In S2, the sand blank is a preformed sand blank having a certain shape, and needs to be cut into a casting mold.
The bottom of the casting mold fixing platform is provided with an ultrasonic vibration system which is used for vibrating the casting mold fixing platform to clean waste yarns on the surface of the casting after the casting is completed; and driving a stirring rod in the liquid lifting pipe to stir the semi-solid slurry.
In S6, the smelting temperature of the aluminum alloy is 50-80 ℃ above the liquidus line of the alloy.
In S7, the inert gas is argon of 0.01-0.05 Mpa.
In S8, the temperature of the frozen sand mold is below-15 ℃.
In S9, the molding sand is recycled by placing the waste sand under room temperature or one of two environments of heating, and recycling after evaporating the waste sand surface solution.
The temperature of the sand mold cannot be set below zero by adopting the casting CAE software, and the casting temperature cannot be set below liquidus. Therefore, aiming at the aluminum alloy ZL114A material, the advantage of combining the freezing sand mold and the semi-solid forming process is indirectly obtained by analyzing the defect distribution condition of the formed part at different casting temperatures and sand mold temperatures. As can be seen from fig. 2 to 12, when the temperature of the sand mold is 20 ℃ at normal temperature and the casting temperature is 730 ℃, the total shrinkage cavity volume of the molding part reaches 528.94cc, the shrinkage cavity volume reaches 1.27cc, and the molding part coexists in 66 shrinkage cavity areas; at the temperature of 1 degree for the sand mold and 630 degrees for casting, the total shrinkage cavity volume of the molded part is reduced to 229.53cc, the total shrinkage cavity volume is reduced to 0.19cc, and 23 shrinkage cavity areas coexist. The simulation analysis results showed that: the lower the sand mold temperature and the casting temperature, the less the molded part defects are relatively.
While the foregoing is directed to embodiments of the present invention, other and further details of the invention may be had by the present invention, it should be understood that the foregoing description is merely illustrative of the present invention and that no limitations are intended to the scope of the invention, except insofar as modifications, equivalents, improvements or modifications are within the spirit and principles of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A frozen sand casting forming method based on semi-solid forming technology, which is characterized in that the method is applied to semi-solid forming of aluminum alloy and comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting proper casting sand types according to the characteristics of castings, uniformly mixing the molding sand and water according to a proportion, filling the mixture into a sand box, and putting the sand box in a freezing environment for freezing and solidifying;
s2, after the molding sand is frozen and solidified, obtaining a sand blank, and placing the sand blank on a processing platform for standby;
s3, cutting the sand blank into a required sand mold and a required sand core unit through processing equipment in a freezing environment;
s4, under a freezing environment, integrally assembling the sand mold and the sand core unit to form a frozen sand mold;
s5, fixing the frozen sand mould on a casting mould fixing platform;
s6, aluminum alloy smelting is carried out in a crucible heat preservation furnace to form a liquid aluminum alloy melt;
s7, introducing inert gas above the liquid aluminum alloy melt in the closed crucible, and lifting the aluminum alloy melt through a liquid lifting pipe immersed in the crucible;
s8, the aluminum alloy melt is brought into a frozen sand mold through a lifting pipe under the action of inert gas pressure, and semi-solid slurry with fine spherical structures is formed under the strong chilling action of the frozen sand mold;
s9, the semi-solid slurry is rapidly cooled, solidified and formed in a frozen sand mold, the frozen sand mold absorbs heat and automatically melts and shakes out, and then the casting is obtained, and molding sand is recycled.
2. The method for casting and shaping the frozen sand mold based on the semi-solid shaping technology as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in S1, the molding sand is 100-mesh quartz sand for casting.
3. The method for casting and shaping the frozen sand mold based on the semi-solid shaping technology as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in S1, the freezing solidification is to place molding sand in a freezer at the temperature of minus 20 ℃.
4. The method for casting and shaping the frozen sand mold based on the semi-solid shaping technology as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in S1, the ratio of molding sand to water is 100:4.
5. The method for casting and shaping the frozen sand mold based on the semi-solid shaping technology as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in S2, the sand blank is a preformed sand blank having a certain shape, and needs to be cut into a casting mold.
6. The method for casting and shaping the frozen sand mold based on the semi-solid shaping technology as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the bottom of the casting mold fixing platform is provided with an ultrasonic vibration system which is used for vibrating the casting mold fixing platform to clean waste yarns on the surface of the casting after the casting is completed; and driving a stirring rod in the liquid lifting pipe to stir the semi-solid slurry.
7. The method for casting and shaping the frozen sand mold based on the semi-solid shaping technology as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in S6, the smelting temperature of the aluminum alloy is 50-80 ℃ above the liquidus line of the alloy.
8. The method for casting and shaping the frozen sand mold based on the semi-solid shaping technology as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in S7, the inert gas is argon of 0.01-0.05 Mpa.
9. The method for casting and shaping the frozen sand mold based on the semi-solid shaping technology as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in S8, the temperature of the frozen sand mold is below-15 ℃.
10. The method for casting and shaping the frozen sand mold based on the semi-solid shaping technology as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in S9, the molding sand is recycled by placing the waste sand under room temperature or one of two environments of heating, and recycling after evaporating the waste sand surface solution.
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| CN202211383264.0A CN116000265A (en) | 2022-11-07 | 2022-11-07 | Freezing sand casting forming method based on semi-solid forming technology |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116748475A (en) * | 2023-08-18 | 2023-09-15 | 南京航空航天大学 | Metal structure uniform refining method and device based on frozen sand mold energy-saving casting |
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| DE2909839A1 (en) * | 1979-03-13 | 1980-09-25 | Linde Ag | Foundry moulds made by freezing moist sand - where sand cooled by liq. nitrogen is mixed with damp sand and driven into moulding box (OE 15.3.80) |
| US4576215A (en) * | 1981-04-13 | 1986-03-18 | Dansk Industri Syndikat A/S | Method for the production of frozen mould bodies and apparatus for use in the carrying out of the method |
| CN105583396A (en) * | 2016-03-16 | 2016-05-18 | 沈阳铸造研究所 | Low-pressure casting one-step method for manufacturing semi-solid light alloy castings |
| CN105665637A (en) * | 2016-03-11 | 2016-06-15 | 机械科学研究总院先进制造技术研究中心 | Containerless casting molding method of frozen sand mold |
| CN112642994A (en) * | 2020-12-01 | 2021-04-13 | 中北大学 | Environment-friendly freezing-dissolving casting process |
| CN113579161A (en) * | 2021-07-28 | 2021-11-02 | 南京航空航天大学 | Large complex freezing sand mold low-temperature forming and over-cold-control cooperative manufacturing method |
| CN114850449A (en) * | 2022-04-22 | 2022-08-05 | 南京航空航天大学 | Negative pressure type freezing sand mold casting device and method for complex metal product |
| CN115007839A (en) * | 2022-06-13 | 2022-09-06 | 浙江大学 | Semi-solid rheoforming low-pressure casting method |
-
2022
- 2022-11-07 CN CN202211383264.0A patent/CN116000265A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2909839A1 (en) * | 1979-03-13 | 1980-09-25 | Linde Ag | Foundry moulds made by freezing moist sand - where sand cooled by liq. nitrogen is mixed with damp sand and driven into moulding box (OE 15.3.80) |
| US4576215A (en) * | 1981-04-13 | 1986-03-18 | Dansk Industri Syndikat A/S | Method for the production of frozen mould bodies and apparatus for use in the carrying out of the method |
| CN105665637A (en) * | 2016-03-11 | 2016-06-15 | 机械科学研究总院先进制造技术研究中心 | Containerless casting molding method of frozen sand mold |
| CN105583396A (en) * | 2016-03-16 | 2016-05-18 | 沈阳铸造研究所 | Low-pressure casting one-step method for manufacturing semi-solid light alloy castings |
| CN112642994A (en) * | 2020-12-01 | 2021-04-13 | 中北大学 | Environment-friendly freezing-dissolving casting process |
| CN113579161A (en) * | 2021-07-28 | 2021-11-02 | 南京航空航天大学 | Large complex freezing sand mold low-temperature forming and over-cold-control cooperative manufacturing method |
| CN114850449A (en) * | 2022-04-22 | 2022-08-05 | 南京航空航天大学 | Negative pressure type freezing sand mold casting device and method for complex metal product |
| CN115007839A (en) * | 2022-06-13 | 2022-09-06 | 浙江大学 | Semi-solid rheoforming low-pressure casting method |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116748475A (en) * | 2023-08-18 | 2023-09-15 | 南京航空航天大学 | Metal structure uniform refining method and device based on frozen sand mold energy-saving casting |
| CN116748475B (en) * | 2023-08-18 | 2023-11-03 | 南京航空航天大学 | Metal structure uniform refining method and device based on frozen sand mold energy-saving casting |
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